1
|
Marcos-López M, Ruane NM, Scholz F, Bolton-Warberg M, Mitchell SO, Murphy O'Sullivan S, Irwin Moore A, Rodger HD. Piscirickettsia salmonis infection in cultured lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.). J Fish Dis 2017; 40:1625-1634. [PMID: 28429818 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A Piscirickettsia salmonis infection was diagnosed in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) juveniles held in a marine research facility on the west coast of Ireland. The main clinical signs and pathology included marked ascites, severe multifocal liver necrosis and severe diffuse inflammation and necrosis of the exocrine pancreas and peri-pancreatic adipose tissue. Numerous Piscirickettsia-like organisms were observed by histopathology in the affected organs, and the bacterial species was characterized by molecular analysis. Sequencing of the partial 16S rDNA gene and internal transcribed spacer region showed the lumpfish sequences to be closely related to previously identified Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) sequences from Ireland. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first detection of P. salmonis in lumpfish worldwide. The infection is considered potentially significant in terms of lumpfish health and biosecurity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - N M Ruane
- Fish Health Unit, Marine Institute, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - F Scholz
- Fish Vet Group Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - M Bolton-Warberg
- Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, NUIG, Carna, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | - A Irwin Moore
- Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, NUIG, Carna, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Scholz F, Fringuelli E, Bolton-Warberg M, Marcos-López M, Mitchell S, Prodhol P, Moffet D, Savage P, Murphy O'Sullivan S, O Connor I, McCarthy E, Rodger HD. First record of Tetramicra brevifilum in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus, L.). J Fish Dis 2017; 40:757-771. [PMID: 27716959 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A microsporidian species with 98.3-98.4% nucleotide identity to Tetramicra brevifilum (Journal of Fish Diseases, 3, 1980, 495) was diagnosed in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus, L.) broodstock held at a breeding and rearing facility in western Ireland. The fish were wild-caught from the west coast of Ireland, and the first case was diagnosed one year after capture. Clinical signs included severe bloating, lethargy, exophthalmos, anorexia, white patches on the cornea and externally visible parasitic cysts on skin and fins. Necropsy revealed severe ascites, white nodules and vacuoles in all the internal organs and partial liquefaction of the skeletal muscle. On histological examination, microsporidian xenomas were observed in all internal organs, the skin, skeletal muscle, gills and the eyes. The microsporidian species was identified by molecular analysis and transmission electron microscopy. This is the first record of T. brevifilum infecting lumpfish, and the disease is considered to be of potential significance to the rising aquaculture industry of this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Scholz
- Vet-Aqua International, Oranmore Business Park, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland
- Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway, Ireland
| | - E Fringuelli
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute of Northern Ireland, Stormont, Belfast, UK
| | - M Bolton-Warberg
- Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, NUIG, Carna, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - M Marcos-López
- Vet-Aqua International, Oranmore Business Park, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland
- Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway, Ireland
| | - S Mitchell
- Vet-Aqua International, Oranmore Business Park, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | | | - D Moffet
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute of Northern Ireland, Stormont, Belfast, UK
| | - P Savage
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute of Northern Ireland, Stormont, Belfast, UK
| | | | - I O Connor
- Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway, Ireland
| | - E McCarthy
- Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway, Ireland
| | - H D Rodger
- Vet-Aqua International, Oranmore Business Park, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis (PLO) is an uncommon condition characterized by the occurrence of fracture(s) during late pregnancy or the puerperium. The aetiology is uncertain, and its management and natural history poorly defined. METHODS We report a series of 11 women with PLO seen at our institution over the past 20 years, with follow-up ranging from 1 to 19 years. RESULTS Ten women presented with painful low-trauma vertebral fractures, at a median of 1 month postpartum. In nine cases the fractures were multiple (median: 3, range: 2-5). At least one recognised risk factor for osteoporosis (low body weight, smoking history, family history of osteoporosis/fracture, vitamin D insufficiency) was present in nine patients. Bone density was in the osteoporotic range at the spine (mean T score: -2.8), with less marked reduction at the proximal femur (mean T score: -1.9). Nine patients received bisphosphonate treatment, for a median duration of 24 months. In the five women who received a bisphosphonate within 1 year of presentation, spinal bone density increased by 23% over baseline values after 2 years of treatment (p=0.0014). Of the 5 women who had subsequent pregnancies, one, who had declined bisphosphonate therapy after the initial presentation, sustained a fracture in the postpartum period. Two patients (both of whom were followed for at least 10 years) sustained fractures outside of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS PLO is therefore associated with significant morbidity, a high prevalence of recognized risk factors for osteoporosis and a risk of recurrence in subsequent pregnancies. Bisphosphonate therapy administered soon after presentation substantially increases spinal bone density in patients with PLO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M O'Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maguire LS, O'Sullivan SM, Galvin K, O'Connor TP, O'Brien NM. Fatty acid profile, tocopherol, squalene and phytosterol content of walnuts, almonds, peanuts, hazelnuts and the macadamia nut. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2004; 55:171-8. [PMID: 15223592 DOI: 10.1080/09637480410001725175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nuts are high in fat but have a fatty acid profile that may be beneficial in relation to risk of coronary heart disease. Nuts also contain other potentially cardioprotective constituents including phytosterols, tocopherols and squalene. In the present study, the total oil content, peroxide value, composition of fatty acids, tocopherols, phytosterols and squalene content were determined in the oil extracted from freshly ground walnuts, almonds, peanuts, hazelnuts and the macadamia nut. The total oil content of the nuts ranged from 37.9 to 59.2%, while the peroxide values ranged from 0.19 to 0.43 meq O2/kg oil. The main monounsaturated fatty acid was oleic acid (C18:1) with substantial levels of palmitoleic acid (C16:1) present in the macadamia nut. The main polyunsaturated fatty acids present were linoleic acid (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3). alpha-Tocopherol was the most prevalent tocopherol except in walnuts. The levels of squalene detected ranged from 9.4 to 186.4 microg/g. beta-Sitosterol was the most abundant sterol, ranging in concentration from 991.2 to 2071.7 microg/g oil. Campesterol and stigmasterol were also present in significant concentrations. Our data indicate that all five nuts are a good source of monounsaturated fatty acid, tocopherols, squalene and phytosterols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L S Maguire
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
This case report demonstrates Mineral Trioxide Aggregate obturation of the root canal system of a retained primary mandibular second molar where no succedaneous permanent tooth was present. The technique seemed to provide a biocompatible seal of the root canal system in this case. It is not recommended for obturation of primary teeth that are expected to exfoliate since it is anticipated that Mineral Trioxide Aggregate would be absorbed slowly, if at all.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M O'Sullivan
- Endodontics Section, AEGD Program, Fort Benning, GA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
A two-step strategy involving DEAE-cellulose and POROS PI anion exchange chromatography has been developed for rapid purification of acetolactate decarboxylase (ALD) from Leuconostoc lactis NCW1. This results in 5333-fold purification with a yield of 30%. Purified ALD is a dimer of 49-kDa subunits, has a pH optimum of 6.0, a pI of 4.2 and its activity is independent of metals or branched chain amino acids. At the optimum pH, the K(m) for 2-acetolactate (ALA) was found to be 1.3 mM and the turnover number was 4000 min(-1). N-terminal sequence comparison with other ALDs showed little sequence conservation in this region. Purified ALD does not catalyse direct production of diacetyl from ALA, unlike the crude extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M O'Sullivan
- Department of Biochemistry, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|