1
|
Freitas SR, Mendes B, Le Sant G, Andrade RJ, Nordez A, Milanovic Z. Can chronic stretching change the muscle-tendon mechanical properties? A review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:794-806. [PMID: 28801950 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is recognized that stretching is an effective method to chronically increase the joint range of motion. However, the effects of stretching training on the muscle-tendon structural properties remain unclear. This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to determine whether chronic stretching alter the muscle-tendon structural properties. Published papers regarding longitudinal stretching (static, dynamic and/or PNF) intervention (either randomized or not) in humans of any age and health status, with more than 2 weeks in duration and at least 2 sessions per week, were searched in PubMed, PEDro, ScienceDirect and ResearchGate databases. Structural or mechanical variables from joint (maximal tolerated passive torque or resistance to stretch) or muscle-tendon unit (muscle architecture, stiffness, extensibility, shear modulus, volume, thickness, cross-sectional area, and slack length) were extracted from those papers. A total of 26 studies were selected, with a duration ranging from 3 to 8 weeks, and an average total time under stretching of 1165 seconds per week. Small effects were seen for maximal tolerated passive torque, but trivial effects were seen for joint resistance to stretch, muscle architecture, muscle stiffness, and tendon stiffness. A large heterogeneity was seen for most of the variables. Stretching interventions with 3- to 8-week duration do not seem to change either the muscle or the tendon properties, although it increases the extensibility and tolerance to a greater tensile force. Adaptations to chronic stretching protocols shorter than 8 weeks seem to mostly occur at a sensory level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Freitas
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal.,Benfica Lab, Sport Lisboa e Benfica, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - B Mendes
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal.,Benfica Lab, Sport Lisboa e Benfica, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - G Le Sant
- Laboratory "Movement, Interactions, Performance" (EA 4334), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.,School of Physiotherapy, IFM3R, Nantes, France
| | - R J Andrade
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal.,Laboratory "Movement, Interactions, Performance" (EA 4334), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - A Nordez
- Laboratory "Movement, Interactions, Performance" (EA 4334), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Z Milanovic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Freitas SR, Vaz JR, Bruno PM, Andrade R, Mil-Homens P. Stretching Effects: High-intensity & Moderate-duration vs. Low-intensity & Long-duration. Int J Sports Med 2015; 37:239-44. [PMID: 26701828 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1548946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether a high-intensity, moderate-duration bout of stretching would produce the same acute effects as a low-intensity, long-duration bout of stretching. 17 volunteers performed 2 knee-flexor stretching protocols: a high-intensity stretch (i. e., 100% of maximum tolerable passive torque) with a moderate duration (243.5 ± 69.5-s); and a low-intensity stretch (50% of tolerable passive torque) with a long duration (900-s). Passive torque at a given sub-maximal angle, peak passive torque, maximal range of motion (ROM), and muscle activity were assessed before and after each stretching protocol (at intervals of 1, 30 and 60 min). The maximal ROM and tolerable passive torque increased for all time points following the high-intensity stretching (p<0.05), but not after the low-intensity protocol (p>0.05). 1 min post-stretching, the passive torque decreased in both protocols, but to a greater extent in the low-intensity protocol. 30 min post-test, torque returned to baseline for the low-intensity protocol and had increased above the baseline for the high-intensity stretches. The following can be concluded: 1) High-intensity stretching increases the maximal ROM and peak passive torque compared to low-intensity stretching; 2) low-intensity, long-duration stretching is the best way to acutely decrease passive torque; and 3) high-intensity, moderate-duration stretching increases passive torque above the baseline 30 min after stretching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Freitas
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana - Universidade de Lisboa, Desporto e Saúde, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - J R Vaz
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Laboratory of Motor Behavior, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P M Bruno
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana - Universidade de Lisboa, Desporto e Saúde, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - R Andrade
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana - Universidade de Lisboa, Desporto e Saúde, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - P Mil-Homens
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana - Universidade de Lisboa, Desporto e Saúde, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bueno C, Sousa COM, Freitas SR. Habitat or matrix: which is more relevant to predict road-kill of vertebrates? BRAZ J BIOL 2015; 75:S228-38. [PMID: 26628243 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract We believe that in tropics we need a community approach to evaluate road impacts on wildlife, and thus, suggest mitigation measures for groups of species instead a focal-species approach. Understanding which landscape characteristics indicate road-kill events may also provide models that can be applied in other regions. We intend to evaluate if habitat or matrix is more relevant to predict road-kill events for a group of species. Our hypothesis is: more permeable matrix is the most relevant factor to explain road-kill events. To test this hypothesis, we chose vertebrates as the studied assemblage and a highway crossing in an Atlantic Forest region in southeastern Brazil as the study site. Logistic regression models were designed using presence/absence of road-kill events as dependent variables and landscape characteristics as independent variables, which were selected by Akaike’s Information Criterion. We considered a set of candidate models containing four types of simple regression models: Habitat effect model; Matrix types effect models; Highway effect model; and, Reference models (intercept and buffer distance). Almost three hundred road-kills and 70 species were recorded. River proximity and herbaceous vegetation cover, both matrix effect models, were associated to most road-killed vertebrate groups. Matrix was more relevant than habitat to predict road-kill of vertebrates. The association between river proximity and road-kill indicates that rivers may be a preferential route for most species. We discuss multi-species mitigation measures and implications to movement ecology and conservation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Bueno
- Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Andrade RJ, Lacourpaille L, Freitas SR, McNair PJ, Nordez A. Effects of hip and head position on ankle range of motion, ankle passive torque, and passive gastrocnemius tension. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:41-7. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Andrade
- EA 4334, Laboratoire “Motricité, Interactions, Performance”; Université de Nantes; Nantes France
- CIPER; Faculdade de Motricidade Humana; Universidade de Lisboa; Dafundo Portugal
| | - L. Lacourpaille
- EA 4334, Laboratoire “Motricité, Interactions, Performance”; Université de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - S. R. Freitas
- CIPER; Faculdade de Motricidade Humana; Universidade de Lisboa; Dafundo Portugal
| | - P. J. McNair
- Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute; School of Rehabilitation and Occupation Studies; Faculty of Health and Environmental Studies; Auckland University of Technology; Auckland New Zealand
| | - A. Nordez
- EA 4334, Laboratoire “Motricité, Interactions, Performance”; Université de Nantes; Nantes France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Andrade RJ, Freitas SR, Vaz JR, Bruno PM, Pezarat-Correia P. Provocative mechanical tests of the peripheral nervous system affect the joint torque-angle during passive knee motion. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:338-45. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Andrade
- CIPER; Faculdade de Motricidade Humana; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - S. R. Freitas
- CIPER; Faculdade de Motricidade Humana; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - J. R. Vaz
- CIPER; Faculdade de Motricidade Humana; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - P. M. Bruno
- CIPER; Faculdade de Motricidade Humana; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - P. Pezarat-Correia
- CIPER; Faculdade de Motricidade Humana; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kanegae MF, Levy G, Freitas SR. Habitat use by Collared Crescentchest (Melanopareia torquata) in a Cerrado in southeastern Brazil: implications for management. BRAZ J BIOL 2013; 72:865-71. [PMID: 23295516 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842012000500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Collared Crescentchest (Melanopareia torquata) is a small insectivore endemic to the Cerrado. We examine the habitat use of this bird in a preserved Cerrado area in southeastern Brazil. Despite its occurrence in grassland with shrubs, the species used these areas less frequently than expected. The Collared Crescentchest mainly used areas of campo cerrado, but it was not recorded in a disturbed one. The common occurrence of exotic grass (U. decumbens) and cattle grazing may have brought about factors for its occurrence. However, the preference for native grasses may indicate an adverse indirect relationship against its occurence as there is competition between native and exotic grasses in the Cerrado. The presence of the Collared Crescentchest included the highest density of tall shrubs (>1 m) and native grasses. Conservation of the species should involve preserved areas of campo cerrado with a dominance of native grasses and tall shrubs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M F Kanegae
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Aves, Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
São Sabbas FT, Taylor MJ, Pautet PD, Bailey M, Cummer S, Azambuja RR, Santiago JPC, Thomas JN, Pinto O, Solorzano NN, Schuch NJ, Freitas SR, Ferreira NJ, Conforte JC. Observations of prolific transient luminous event production above a mesoscale convective system in Argentina during the Sprite2006 Campaign in Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009ja014857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. T. São Sabbas
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais; São José dos Campos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - M. J. Taylor
- Center for Atmospheric and Space Sciences; Utah State University; Logan Utah USA
| | - P.-D. Pautet
- Center for Atmospheric and Space Sciences; Utah State University; Logan Utah USA
| | - M. Bailey
- Center for Atmospheric and Space Sciences; Utah State University; Logan Utah USA
| | - S. Cummer
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department; Duke University; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - R. R. Azambuja
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais; São José dos Campos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - J. P. C. Santiago
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais; São José dos Campos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - J. N. Thomas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Digipen Institute of Technology; Redmond Washington USA
| | - O. Pinto
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais; São José dos Campos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - N. N. Solorzano
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Digipen Institute of Technology; Redmond Washington USA
| | - N. J. Schuch
- Southern Regional Space Research Center, CRS, INPE-MCT; Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - S. R. Freitas
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais; São José dos Campos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - N. J. Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais; São José dos Campos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - J. C. Conforte
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais; São José dos Campos, São Paulo Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Silva MPR, Gonçalves FLT, Freitas SR. Two case studies of sulfate scavenging processes in the Amazon region (Rondônia). Environ Pollut 2009; 157:637-645. [PMID: 18851890 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Revised: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The scavenging processes of chemical species have been previously studied with numerical modeling, in order to understand the gas and particulate matter intra-reservoir transferences. In this study, the atmospheric (RAMS) and scavenging (B.V.2) models were used, in order to simulate sulfate concentrations in rainwater using scavenging processes as well as the local atmospheric conditions obtained within the LBA Project in the State of Rondonia, during a dry-to-wet transition season. Two case studies were conducted. The RAMS atmospheric simulation of these events presented satisfactory results, showing the detailed microphysical processes of clouds in the Amazonian region. On the other hand, with cloud entrainments, observed values have been overestimated. Modeled sulfate rainwater concentration, using exponential decay and cloud heights of 16 km and no entrainments, presented the best results, reaching 97% of the observed value. The results, using shape parameter 5, are the best, improving the overall result.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P R Silva
- Civil Engineering Department, UFRJ/COPPE/PEC/LAMCE, Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
As a contribution to the environmental history of the Tijuca National Park, we report on two pioneering restorationist initiatives and list its the mammal species now found in this urban park. The Tijuca National Park (TNP), a 3,200 ha urban park covered by secondary tropical forest, is located within Rio de Janeiro, in southeastern Brazil. The two restorationist initiatives were a pioneer tropical forest restoration project in the nineteenth century and a fauna management project in the 70' s. The mammal list presented here was based on specimens in the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro and on publications. The mammal community of TNP is composed of 49 species, of which 11 are on regional red lists, and four are on the 2003 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Occurrence of these threatened species and the park history itself made the TNP a priority site for studying conservation, management, and monitoring. Besides maintaining fauna and flora (including threatened species) diversity, the park benefits the population of Rio de Janeiro by providing water, green areas, and recreational and touristic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Freitas
- Laboratório de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, C. P. 68020, CEP 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Studies quantifying habitat structure generally use several instruments. This paper aims to propose a new and efficient device to characterize microhabitat structure of small mammals. Seven measurements were taken: plant cover, litter cover, rock cover, canopy cover, and vegetative obstruction at three heights. The device is a 0.25 m2 square wooden frame (0.50 m x 0.50 m) divided in to 100 open squares by wire mesh. Average time spent to measure each trapping station was six minutes. This new device is efficient, i.e., quick, practical, simple, and reliable. It can be used in any kind of forest. We propose this method as a standard method to describe habitat structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Freitas
- Laboratório de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, C.P. 68020, CEP 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Freitas SR, Dias MAFS, Dias PLS, Longo KM, Artaxo P, Andreae MO, Fischer H. A convective kinematic trajectory technique for low-resolution atmospheric models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
Costa SH, Martins IR, Pinto CS, Freitas SR. [Family planning among lower status women in Rio de Janeiro city]. Planej Agora 1991:1-6. [PMID: 12344982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
|
14
|
Abstract
Este artigo enfoca a prática de aborto, principalmente aborto induzido entre mulheres de baixa renda. A análise é baseada em dados de pesquisa coletados entre 1984 e 1985 em sete favelas localizadas na área metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (<a href="#rodape1">¹</a>). Apesar da legislação severa existente, a prática do abono induzido é muito freqüente. Entre as mulheres casadas, 21,4 por cento declararam terem praticado aborto induzido. Embora grande parte dos abortos terem sido feitos por médicos, a qualidade dos cuidados nestes procedimentos é questionável, devido ao fato de que, sendo ilegal, na maioria dos casos não há possibilidade de supervisão por parte das autoridades de saúde. A incidência de complicações pós-aborto é muito alta, principalmente nos casos em que é praticado por curiosas ou pela própria mulher. Mais de 60 por cento das mulheres não faziam uso de métodos contraceptivos ao engravidar. Cerca de 21 por cento declararam que estavam usando pílula anticoncepcional. Claro está que uma taxa de falha tão elevada é inaceitável e deve-se ao seu uso incorreto. Tudo isto revela a necessidade urgente de um melhor acesso ao planejamento familiar, oferecido pelos serviços de saúde dentro da concepção de atenção integral. São discutidas, também, as conseqüências das leis restritivas em matéria de abono no Brasil, restrições que, na prática, provam ser ineficazes para prevenir a prática do aborto induzido, mas podem ser muito efetivas para ampliar ainda mais as desigualdades sociais já existentes.
Collapse
|