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McLeod C, Ramsay J, Flanagan KL, Plebanski M, Marshall H, Dymock M, Marsh J, Estcourt MJ, Wadia U, Williams PCM, Tjiam MC, Blyth C, Subbarao K, Nicholson S, Faust S, Thornton RB, Mckenzie A, Snelling TL, Richmond P. Core protocol for the adaptive Platform Trial In COVID-19 Vaccine priming and BOOsting (PICOBOO). Trials 2023; 24:202. [PMID: 36934272 PMCID: PMC10024280 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The need for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in different age groups and populations is a subject of great uncertainty and an ongoing global debate. Critical knowledge gaps regarding COVID-19 vaccination include the duration of protection offered by different priming and booster vaccination regimens in different populations, including homologous or heterologous schedules; how vaccination impacts key elements of the immune system; how this is modified by prior or subsequent exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and future variants; and how immune responses correlate with protection against infection and disease, including antibodies and effector and T cell central memory. METHODS The Platform Trial In COVID-19 priming and BOOsting (PICOBOO) is a multi-site, multi-arm, Bayesian, adaptive, randomised controlled platform trial. PICOBOO will expeditiously generate and translate high-quality evidence of the immunogenicity, reactogenicity and cross-protection of different COVID-19 priming and booster vaccination strategies against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants/subvariants, specific to the Australian context. While the platform is designed to be vaccine agnostic, participants will be randomised to one of three vaccines at trial commencement, including Pfizer's Comirnaty, Moderna's Spikevax or Novavax's Nuvaxovid COVID-19 vaccine. The protocol structure specifying PICOBOO is modular and hierarchical. Here, we describe the Core Protocol, which outlines the trial processes applicable to all study participants included in the platform trial. DISCUSSION PICOBOO is the first adaptive platform trial evaluating different COVID-19 priming and booster vaccination strategies in Australia, and one of the few established internationally, that is designed to generate high-quality evidence to inform immunisation practice and policy. The modular, hierarchical protocol structure is intended to standardise outcomes, endpoints, data collection and other study processes for nested substudies included in the trial platform and to minimise duplication. It is anticipated that this flexible trial structure will enable investigators to respond with agility to new research questions as they arise, such as the utility of new vaccines (such as bivalent, or SARS-CoV-2 variant-specific vaccines) as they become available for use. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12622000238774. Registered on 10 February 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- C McLeod
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia.
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.
- Infectious Diseases Department, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia.
| | - J Ramsay
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
| | - K L Flanagan
- Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Clifford Craig Foundation, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - H Marshall
- Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - M Dymock
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
| | - J Marsh
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
| | - M J Estcourt
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - U Wadia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - P C M Williams
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead, Australia
- School of Women and Children's Health, UNSW, Kensington, Australia
| | - M C Tjiam
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - C Blyth
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - K Subbarao
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research On Influenza, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - S Nicholson
- Serology Laboratory, Victorian Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Faust
- Southampton Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute of Health Research, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - R B Thornton
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - A Mckenzie
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
| | - T L Snelling
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - P Richmond
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- General Paediatrics and Immunology Departments, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
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Power D, Soren O, Garfield T, Skipp P, Faust S, Connett G, Webb J. 561: Biofilm phenotyping of patients chronically infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa reveals a novel, putative biomarker for biofilm infection in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lim S, Campbell N, Joseph‐Pietras D, Johnson M, Mundy C, Coleman H, Wynn T, Maynard B, Lown R, Bates A, Wetherall N, Muller D, Falconer J, Fox C, Collins G, O'Callaghan A, Willimott V, Ahearne M, Faust S, Johnson P, Goldblatt D, Davies A. SEROLOGICAL RESPONSES AFTER SARS‐COV‐2 VACCINATION FIRST DOSE IN PATIENTS WITH LYMPHOID MALIGNANCY: FIRST INTERIM ANALYSIS OF THE UK PROSECO STUDY. Hematol Oncol 2021. [PMCID: PMC8426672 DOI: 10.1002/hon.198_2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.H. Lim
- Centre for Cancer Immunology University of Southampton Southampton UK
- Cancer Research UK Centre University of Southampton UK
| | - N. Campbell
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK
| | - D. Joseph‐Pietras
- NIHR/Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Medicine Cancer Centre WISH Laboratory University Hospital Southampton UK
| | - M. Johnson
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College London London UK
| | - C. Mundy
- Cancer Research UK Centre University of Southampton UK
| | - H. Coleman
- Cancer Research UK Centre University of Southampton UK
| | - T. Wynn
- NIHR/Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Medicine Cancer Centre WISH Laboratory University Hospital Southampton UK
| | - B. Maynard
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK
| | - R. Lown
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK
| | - A. Bates
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK
| | - N. Wetherall
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK
| | - D. Muller
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK
| | - J. Falconer
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK
| | - C. Fox
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust Nottingham UK
| | - G. Collins
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford UK
| | | | - V. Willimott
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Norwich UK
| | - M. Ahearne
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Leicester UK
| | - S.N. Faust
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK
| | - P.W. Johnson
- Centre for Cancer Immunology University of Southampton Southampton UK
- Cancer Research UK Centre University of Southampton UK
| | - D. Goldblatt
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College London London UK
| | - A.J. Davies
- Centre for Cancer Immunology University of Southampton Southampton UK
- Cancer Research UK Centre University of Southampton UK
- NIHR/Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Medicine Cancer Centre WISH Laboratory University Hospital Southampton UK
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Soren O, Howlin R, Connett G, Faust S, Kelso M, Webb J. 89 Novel targeted nitric oxide donor pro-drugs disrupt biofilms formed by clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(17)30453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Freund W, Faust S, Birklein F, Billich C, Wunderlich A, Schuetz U. Evolution of regionally accentuated reversible brain grey matter reduction in ultra marathon runners detected by voxel based morphometry. J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.2084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Freund W, Faust S, Billich C, Birklein F, Wunderlich AP, Schütz U. Plastische Veränderungen des Gehirns während eines Ultramarathonlaufs gemessen mit voxelbasierter Morphometrie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1311467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Freund W, Faust S, Schütz U, Wunderlich AP, Billich C. Reversibler Verlust an grauer Hirnsubstanz während eines Ultramarathonlaufs. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1311087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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de Whalley P, Walker W, Snape MD, Oeser C, Casey M, Moulsdale P, Harrill C, Andrews N, Hoschler K, Thompson B, Jones C, Chalk J, Kerridge S, Tomlinson R, Heath PT, Finn A, Faust S, Miller E, Pollard AJ. A 1-year follow-on study from a randomised, head-to-head, multicentre, open-label study of two pandemic influenza vaccines in children. Health Technol Assess 2011; 15:v-vi, xi-xiii, 1-128. [DOI: 10.3310/hta15450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P de Whalley
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Faust S, Dreier T, Schulz C. Temperature and bath gas composition dependence of effective fluorescence lifetimes of toluene excited at 266nm. Chem Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Miclea M, Skrzypczak U, Faust S, Fankhauser F, Graener H, Seifert G. Nonlinear refractive index of porcine cornea studied by z-scan and self-focusing during femtosecond laser processing. Opt Express 2010; 18:3700-3707. [PMID: 20389380 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.003700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the nonlinear refractive index of ex-vivo pig cornea by a combined approach using the standard z-scan technique on extracted corneas or corneal slices, as well as studying the deviations caused by self-focusing during femtosecond laser processing of the pig eyes. The experiments yield consistently an upper limit of 1.2 MW for the critical power of self-focusing in porcine cornea, and a value of 2 x 10(-19) m(2)/W for its nonlinear refractive index. We also demonstrate that due to this nonlinear refraction the cutting depth of typical fs-laser surgery processing in cornea may depend considerably, albeit in a well controllable way, on the laser parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miclea
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Physics Faculty, Optics Department, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Langer K, Anhorn MG, Steinhauser I, Dreis S, Celebi D, Schrickel N, Faust S, Vogel V. Human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles: Reproducibility of preparation process and kinetics of enzymatic degradation. Int J Pharm 2008; 347:109-17. [PMID: 17681686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Revised: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles prepared from human serum albumin (HSA) are versatile carrier systems for drug delivery and can be prepared by an established desolvation process. A reproducible process with a low batch-to-batch variability is required for transfer from the lab to an industrial production. In the present study the batch-to-batch variability of the starting material HSA on the preparation of nanoparticles was investigated. HSA can build dimers and higher aggregates because of a free thiol group present in the molecule. Therefore, the quality of different HSA batches was analysed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC). The amount of dimerised HSA detected by SEC did not affect particle preparation. Higher aggregates of the protein detected in two batches by AUC disturbed nanoparticle formation at pH values below 8.0. At pH 8.0 and above monodisperse particles between 200 and 300 nm could be prepared with all batches, with higher pH values leading to smaller particles. Besides human derived albumin a particle preparation was also feasible based on recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA). Under comparable preparation conditions monodisperse nanoparticles could be achieved and the same effects of protein aggregates on particle formation were observed. For nanoparticulate drug delivery systems the enzymatic degradation is a crucial parameter for the release of an embedded drug. For this reason, besides the particle preparation process, particle degradation in the presence of different enzymes was studied. Under acidic conditions HSA as well as rHSA nanoparticles could be digested by pepsin and cathepsin B. At neutral pH trypsin, proteinase K, and protease were suitable for particle degradation. It could be shown that the kinetics of particle degradation was dependent on the degree of particle stabilisation. Therefore, the degree of particle stabilisation will influence drug release after cellular accumulation of HSA nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Langer
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Biozentrum Niederursel, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Callaghan MJ, Rockett K, Banner C, Haralambous E, Betts H, Faust S, Maiden MCJ, Kroll JS, Levin M, Kwiatkowski DP, Pollard AJ. Haplotypic diversity in human CEACAM genes: effects on susceptibility to meningococcal disease. Genes Immun 2007; 9:30-7. [PMID: 17960155 PMCID: PMC7094765 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion between the opacity-associated adhesin (Opa) proteins of Neisseria meningitidis and human carcino-embryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) proteins is an important stage in the pathogenesis of meningococcal disease, a globally important bacterial infection. Most disease is caused by a small number of meningococcal genotypes known as hyperinvasive lineages. As these are also carried asymptomatically, acquisition of them alone cannot explain why only some hosts develop meningococcal disease. Our aim was to determine whether genetic diversity in CEACAM is associated with susceptibility to meningococcal disease. Frequency distributions of alleles, genotypes and haplotypes were compared in four CEACAM genes in 384 case samples and 190 controls. Linkage disequilibrium among polymorphic sites, haplotype structures and relationships were also analysed. A number of polymorphisms were observed in CEACAM genes but the diversity of CEACAM1, to which most Opa proteins bind, was lower, and a small number of high-frequency haplotypes were detected. Dose-dependent associations of three CEACAM haplotypes with meningococcal disease were observed, with the effect of carrying these haplotypes amplified in homozygous individuals. Two haplotypes were protective while one haplotype in CEACAM6 was associated with a twofold increase in disease susceptibility. These data imply that human CEACAM may be one determinant of human susceptibility to meningococcal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Callaghan
- Department of Paediatrics, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, Oxon, UK.
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Peters MJ, Heyderman RS, Faust S, Dixon GLJ, Inwald DP, Klein NJ. Severe meningococcal disease is characterized by early neutrophil but not platelet activation and increased formation and consumption of platelet-neutrophil complexes. J Leukoc Biol 2003; 73:722-30. [PMID: 12773504 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1002509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 25% of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) circulate in heterotypic complexes with one or more activated platelets. These platelet-neutrophil complexes (PNC) require platelet CD62P expression for their formation and represent activated subpopulations of both cell types. In this study, we have investigated the presence, time course, and mechanisms of PNC formation in 32 cases of severe pediatric meningococcal disease (MD) requiring intensive care. There were marked early increases in PMNL CD11b/CD18 expression and activation, and reduced CD62L expression compared with intensive care unit control cases. Minimal platelet expression of the active form of alphaIIbbeta3 (GpIIb/IIIa) was seen. PNC were reduced on presentation and fell to very low levels after 24 h. Immunostaining of skin biopsies demonstrated that PNC appear outside the circulation in MD. In vitro studies of anticoagulated whole blood inoculated with Neisseria meningitidis supported these clinical findings with marked increases in PMNL CD11b/CD18 expression and activation but no detectable changes in platelet-activated alphaIIbbeta3 or CD62P expression. In vitro PMNL activation with N. meningitidis (or other agonists) potentiated the formation of PNC in response to platelet activation with adenine diphosphate. Therefore, in severe MD, PMNL activation is likely to promote PNC formation, and we suggest that the reduced levels of PNC seen in established MD reflect rapid loss of PNC from the circulation rather than reduced formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Peters
- Infection and Microbiology Unit and. Portex Unit Critical Care Group, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Ivey
- Joint Medical Program and Researcher Center for Family and Community Health School of Public Health University of California, Berkeley, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Ivey
- Center for Family and Community Health 140 Warren Hall School of Public Health University of California Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Ivey
- Center for Family and Community Health 140 Warren Hall School of Public Health University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA.
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D'Ambra AJ, Soika M, Morgan L, Faust S, Arnold F. Absolute molecular-size and molar-mass analysis of meningococcal and pneumococcal conjugates and polysaccharide intermediates by size-exclusion chromatography with detection by multiangle light-scattering photometry and differential refractometry. Dev Biol (Basel) 2001; 103:241-2. [PMID: 11214242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A J D'Ambra
- Product Development, Aventis Pasteur, Inc., Swiftwater, PA 18370, USA
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Fritsche J, Moser M, Faust S, Peuker A, Büttner R, Andreesen R, Kreutz M. Molecular cloning and characterization of a human metalloprotease disintegrin--a novel marker for dendritic cell differentiation. Blood 2000; 96:732-9. [PMID: 10887142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25- [OH](2)VD(3)) modulates the differentiation of monocytic cell lines and monocytes (MOs) in vitro. Up to now several target genes of 1,25(OH)(2)VD(3) have been described in monocytic cell lines; however, little is known about target genes in primary MOs. With the Differential Display technique, we found a transcript up-regulated by 1,25(OH)(2)VD(3) in short-term cultured human blood MOs, which we called MADDAM (metalloprotease and disintegrin dendritic antigen marker; EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ accession no. Y13786). Northern blot analysis confirmed this result and revealed a signal of MADDAM messenger RNA (mRNA) at about 7.5 kilobases (kb). Long-term culture (more than 20 hours) of MOs during macrophage (MAC) differentiation led to a rapid and complete down-regulation of MADDAM expression. In contrast, MADDAM expression was maintained in MOs differentiated along the dendritic cell (DC) pathway and induced in CD34(+)-derived DCs. In addition, in situ hybridization revealed signals of MADDAM mRNA in follicles of human lymph nodes and MADDAM mRNA was detected in freshly isolated human blood-DCs by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). By means of a database search, we found that MADDAM is a member of the ADAM (a metalloprotease and disintegrin) family, the human homologue to murine meltrin-beta (ADAM 19). From these data, we conclude that MADDAM is an important marker for the differentiation and characterization of DCs and the distinction between MACs and DCs. (Blood. 2000;96:732-739)
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fritsche
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and the Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Dark GG, Faust S. A national trainee advisory network: a proposal. Hosp Med 1998; 59:812-4. [PMID: 9850302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Trainees should have a well-defined and consistent communication conduit to the authorities involved with their training. It is important that trainees are involved in the evolution of structured training programmes and for training authorities to receive feedback from individuals in each specialty. This paper proposes a structure for trainee representation on regional and national training authorities to facilitate an advisory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Dark
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey
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Faust S. [For an updated acupuncture]. Rev Med Brux 1998; 19:A290-5. [PMID: 9805959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The author proposes an acupuncture which is characterized by its complete break with the ancient chinese physiopathology and its concepts of "acupuncture points" (in the old sense of the term) of "meridians", "energies", "ying-yang" etc.. This process of renewal of the practice and the theory has been coined "contemporary acupuncture". Its originality stands out in comparison with most teachings of acupuncture which have remained faithful to traditional acupuncture. Contemporary acupuncture creates bridges between acupunture and classical medicine. It offers simple therapeutic gestures to general practitioners. Acupuncture acts, from a clinical point of view, particularly through the following forms of action: a) a relaxing action on striated muscle; b) an anti-inflammatory action on the ligaments; c) an antidepressant and anxiolytic action.
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Kesler KA, Hanosh JJ, O'Donnell J, Faust S, Turrentine MW, Mahomed Y, Brown JW. Heart transplantation in patients with Marfan's syndrome: a survey of attitudes and results. J Heart Lung Transplant 1994; 13:899-904. [PMID: 7803434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Our institution performed an orthotopic heart transplantation in a patient with Marfan's syndrome. The immediate postoperative course was complicated with ultimate discharge; however, this patient died within 1 year as a result of an aortic dissection. On the basis of our experience, we surveyed all heart transplant centers listed with the North American Transplant Coordinator Organization for other patients with Marfan's syndrome who had been referred for transplantation. Nearly one third of responding centers evaluated a total of 30 patients with Marfan's syndrome. Of these, only 13 were formally listed for a donor organ and 11 underwent heart transplantation with an operative mortality of 9.1% (n = 1). Posttransplantation morbidity was significant and includes a 40% (n = 4) incidence of thoracic aorta dissection (one fatal) in operative survivors. There were three other non-dissection-related late deaths for an overall survival of 54.4% after a mean follow-up of 33.0 months. In this shared experience, it appears that the known vascular complications of Marfan's syndrome may diminish the anticipated results after heart transplantation. The reluctance to place these patients on heart transplant donor waiting lists can be justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Kesler
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Indianapolis 46202
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Abstract
This study's purpose was a) to determine the prevalence of DSM-III-R disorders in newly arrived ethnic Vietnamese and ethnic Chinese refugees from Vietnam and b) to determine the correlates of DSM-III-R disorders. A Vietnamese-speaking psychiatrist administered translated sections of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R to 201 Vietnamese new arrivals undergoing mandatory health screening. Overall, 18.4% had one or more current disorders: 8.5% had adjustment disorder and 5.5% had major depression. Ethnic Vietnamese, compared with ethnic Chinese, had significantly (p < .05) higher rates of current posttraumatic stress disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Ethnic differences in psychopathology were largely explained by the fact that ethnic Vietnamese refugees had experienced more traumatic events and separation from family. After adjusting for ethnicity, refugees who reported traumatic events, refugees who were married, and veterans were significantly (p < .05) more likely to have one or more psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Hinton
- Department of Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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24
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De Lay P, Faust S. Depression in Southeast Asian refugees. Am Fam Physician 1987; 36:179-84. [PMID: 3673863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Depressive illness is common among Southeast Asian refugees. Classic vegetative symptoms seem to cross cultural boundaries and have been found in all ethnic groups studied. A migration history is important for eliciting information about the flight experience and the current living situation. Symptomatic treatment, combined with an abbreviated form of psychotherapy, is effective for many patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P De Lay
- San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, California
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25
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Chu FS, Fan TS, Zhang GS, Xu YC, Faust S, McMahon PL. Improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for aflatoxin B1 in agricultural commodities. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1987; 70:854-7. [PMID: 3119560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for aflatoxin B1 in cornmeal and peanut butter was developed. Aflatoxin B1 in cornmeal and peanut butter samples was extracted with 70% methanol in water containing 1% dimethylformamide diluted with assay buffer to a final concentration of 7.0% methanol, and directly subjected to an ELISA procedure that took less than 1 h for quantitative analysis and less than 30 min for screening tests. Analytical recoveries for 5-100 ppb B1 added to the cornmeal and peanut butter were 91 and 95.4%, respectively. The interwell and interassay coefficient of variation was 10% or less at the 20 ppb level and above. Agreement for B1 levels in more than 30 naturally contaminated corn, mixed feed, and peanut butter samples was excellent between the ELISA data and the data obtained from different independent laboratories using TLC or other analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Chu
- University of Wisconsin, Food Research Institute, Madison 53706
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