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BONETTI GABRIELE, DHULI KRISTJANA, MICHELINI SERENA, MICHELINI SILVIA, MICHELINI SANDRO, RICCI MAURIZIO, CESTARI MARINA, BERTELLI MATTEO. Dietary supplements in lymphedema. J Prev Med Hyg 2022; 63:E200-E205. [PMID: 36479479 PMCID: PMC9710411 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lymphedema is a chronic inflammatory disorder resulting from ineffective fluid uptake by the lymphatic system, and the effects are principally felt in the lower limbs. The condition is said to be primary when caused by genetic mutations and secondary when caused by injuries, infections, or surgery. Lymphedema, a worldwide pathology, does not have an effective therapy so far. Leukotriene B4 has recently been identified as a key molecule in lymphedema pathogenesis. Surgical, nonsurgical, and pharmacological treatments have been proposed; however, they do not cure the disease and only ameliorate the symptoms. Nutrition and nutritional status are extremely important in lymphedema physiopathology. Obesity is a comorbidity that exacerbates the risk for secondary lymphedema and constitutes a negative prognostic factor. Indeed, anti-inflammatory foods and their effects on the inflammatory state and on oxidative stress are now being investigated for their possible therapeutic role in lymphedema. Although no special diet has so far been proven to be very effective, specific dietary tips could help in alleviating the edematous state of patients with lymphedema. A few supplements have been tested for lymphedema treatment. Among them, GARLIVE® containing hydroxytyrosol, hesperidin, spermidine and vitamin A, exhibited promising effects in the animal model. Hydroxytyrosol, a polyphenol from olives, showed anti-inflammatory effects and reduced leukotriene B4 synthesis, thus holding promise as a potential natural candidate for lymphedema treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- GABRIELE BONETTI
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- Correspondence: Gabriele Bonetti, MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), 38068, Italy. E-mail:
| | | | - SERENA MICHELINI
- Unit of Physical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - SANDRO MICHELINI
- Vascular Diagnostics and Rehabilitation Service, Marino Hospital, ASL Roma 6, Marino, Italy
| | - MAURIZIO RICCI
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Italy
| | - MARINA CESTARI
- Study Centre Pianeta Linfedema, Terni, Italy
- Lymphology Sector of the Rehabilitation Service, USLUmbria2, Terni, Italy
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
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BONETTI GABRIELE, HERBST KARENL, DHULI KRISTJANA, KIANI AYSHAKARIM, MICHELINI SERENA, MICHELINI SILVIA, CECCARINI MARIARACHELE, MICHELINI SANDRO, RICCI MAURIZIO, CESTARI MARINA, CODINI MICHELA, BECCARI TOMMASO, BELLINATO FRANCESCO, GISONDI PAOLO, BERTELLI MATTEO. Dietary supplements for lipedema. J Prev Med Hyg 2022; 63:E169-E173. [PMID: 36479502 PMCID: PMC9710418 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipedema is a chronic disease that mostly manifests in females as the abnormal distribution of subcutaneous adipose connective tissue, usually coupled with bruising, pain, and edema. Lipedema molecular pathophysiology is currently not clear, but several studies suggest that genetics and hormonal imbalance participate in lipedema pathogenesis. Women with lipedema present in some cases with elevated body mass index, and the appearance of obesity in addition to lipedema, where the obesity can cause serious health issues as in lipedema-free individuals with obesity, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Unlike obesity, lipedema tissue does not respond well to diet or physical exercise alone. Therefore, in this review we discuss the effect of various dietary supplements that, along with diet and physical exercise, cause fat burning and weight loss, and which could potentially be important in the treatment of lipedema. Indeed, an effective fat burner should convert stored fats into energy, mobilize and break down triglycerides in adipocytes, boost metabolism and inhibit lipogenesis. Common ingredients of fat burning supplements are green tea, caffeine, chromium, carnitine, and conjugated linoleic acid. The use of fat burners could act synergistically with a healthy diet and physical exercise for decreasing adipose tissue deposition in patients with lipedema and resolve related health issues. The effects of fat burners in human studies are sometimes contradictory, and further studies should test their effectiveness in treating lipedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- GABRIELE BONETTI
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- Correspondence: Gabriele Bonetti, MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), 38068, Italy. E-mail:
| | - KAREN L. HERBST
- Total Lipedema Care, Beverly Hills California and Tucson Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - SERENA MICHELINI
- Unit of Physical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - SANDRO MICHELINI
- Vascular Diagnostics and Rehabilitation Service, Marino Hospital, ASL Roma 6, Marino, Italy
| | - MAURIZIO RICCI
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Italy
| | - MARINA CESTARI
- Study Centre Pianeta Linfedema, Terni, Italy
- Lymphology Sector of the Rehabilitation Service, USL Umbria 2, Terni, Italy
| | - MICHELA CODINI
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia, Perugia
| | - TOMMASO BECCARI
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia, Perugia
| | - FRANCESCO BELLINATO
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - PAOLO GISONDI
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
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