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Nagaraj S, Sagaya JPJ, Anand J, Malairaj S, Lakshmaiah B, Sathya R, MubarakAli D. RETRACTED ARTICLE: A Cyanobacterium Treated Textile Wastewater for the Plant Growth Enhancement: Experimental Study. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2397. [PMID: 35633432 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Nagaraj
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, India.
| | - John Paul J Sagaya
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - J Anand
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - Sathuvan Malairaj
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - Bhavani Lakshmaiah
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - R Sathya
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600048, India
| | - D MubarakAli
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600048, India.
- Al Siraat Labs Private Limited, CIIC, Seethakathi Estate, Chennai, 600048, India.
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Nagaraj S, Purushothaman P. Assessment of influencing level of rainfall and physical factors on groundwater level for a semi-arid flat terrain watershed using grid-based geospatial analysis: a case study from Lower Palar Basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1159. [PMID: 37673825 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding natural phenomena with the help of modern scientific approaches helps to reach sustainable solutions for current and future water-related problems. In this context, present study aims to assess relative influencing level of physical factors in controlling groundwater level, using a novel grid-based delineation technique, in Lower Palar River Basin, in Kanchipuram and Chengalpattu districts of South India. The influencing factors viz-a-viz: rainfall, soil texture, land use/land cover, terrain slope, geomorphology, lithology, and drainage characteristics were considered for the study. Archived data (2011 to 2020) of monthly rainfall at four rain gauge stations and monthly groundwater level of 22 locations, soil texture, lithology, and geomorphology data were considered for the study. SRTM digital elevation model with 30-m resolution was used for analyzing drainage characteristics and terrain slope. Thematic maps for considered factors were prepared, using common grid delineation method in GIS platform that divided study area into 52 grids, to inter-relate the discrete and continuous parameters with groundwater level. Results indicate that level of influence increases in the order of precipitation followed by lithology, land use/land cover, terrain slope, geomorphology, infiltration number, and soil texture. The study shows groundwater resilience is highly influenced by soil texture and infiltration number compared to other factors considered. It can be concluded that grid-based delineation successfully identifies grids with significant influence of individual factors by comparing with groundwater resilience. Common grid-based delineation method proves to be more effective in assessing groundwater resilience and can be used more efficiently in groundwater studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nagaraj
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - P Purushothaman
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
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Assanvo EF, Nagaraj S, Boa D, Thanikaivelan P. Hybrid collagen-cellulose-Fe 3O 4@TiO 2 magnetic bio-sponges derived from animal skin waste and Kenaf fibers for wastewater remediation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13365. [PMID: 37591909 PMCID: PMC10435533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Water pollution from synthetic dyes and oil spills has a significant impact on the environment and living species. Here, we developed a low-cost, environmentally friendly and easily biodegradable magnetic hybrid bio-sponge nanocomposite from renewable resources such as collagen and cellulose (Kenaf fibre cellulose-collagen, KFCC). We loaded it with magnetic bimetallic Fe3O4@TiO2 (BFT) NPs to produce a photocatalyst material (KFCC-BFT) for the treatment of colored wastewater as well as a sorbent for oil-water separation. The characterization of the bimetallic BFT NPs by XRD, HRTEM and VSM showed the deposition of TiO2 particles onto the surface of Fe3O4 with lattice interlayers spacing of 0.24 and 0.33 nm for Fe3O4 and TiO2, respectively with ferromagnetic property. The UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra result indicated that the band gap energy of bio-sponges decreases with the increase of the bimetallic moiety. The photocatalytic efficiency of the as-prepared magnetic hybrid bio-sponge in the degradation of crystal violet dye was up to 91.2% under visible light conditions and 86.6% under direct sunlight exposure. Furthermore, the magnetic hybrid bio-sponge was used to separate motor oil from water (> 99%) and had a high oil sorption capacity of 46.1 g/g. Investigation of the recyclability and reusability performance for 9 cycles revealed that the bio-sponge had a high sorption capacity for up to 5 cycles. Our results suggest that the bio-polymer-supported BFT hybrid nanocomposite is a cost-effective and easily biodegradable photocatalyst and has great potential for real-field environmental remediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Assanvo
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India
- Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et de Physico-Chimie du Milieu, UFR SFA, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - S Nagaraj
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India
- University of Madras, Chepauk, Chennai, 600005, India
| | - D Boa
- Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et de Physico-Chimie du Milieu, UFR SFA, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - P Thanikaivelan
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India.
- University of Madras, Chepauk, Chennai, 600005, India.
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Aruni A, Nagaraj SS, Deivasigamani S, Chowdhury A, Kumar H, Chatterjee D. Oesophageal carcinosarcoma: a rare neoplasm of the oesophagus. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:186-190. [PMID: 36622226 PMCID: PMC9889181 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal carcinosarcoma (OCS) is a rare oesophageal cancer, expressing both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. Although believed to have a better prognosis, no standard guidelines exist for its diagnosis and management. We report a case of a 60-year male presenting with progressive dysphagia and weight loss. Endoscopy and contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the chest revealed a large polypoidal intraluminal growth at the mid-oesophagus. Endoscopic biopsy revealed a sarcoma of the oesophagus. The patient underwent McKeown minimally invasive oesophagectomy. Final histopathology was suggestive of OCS. Postoperatively, the patient received adjuvant chemoradiation. At 20-month follow-up, he was asymptomatic with no radiological evidence of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aruni
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - SS Nagaraj
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Deivasigamani
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - A Chowdhury
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - H Kumar
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - D Chatterjee
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Patil A, Chanakya K, Shenoy P, Chandrashekara S, Haridas V, Kumar S, Daware M, Janardana R, Pinto B, Subramanian R, Nagaraj S, Singh YP, Singhai S, Jois R, Jain V, Srinivasa C, Dharmanand BG, Dharmapalaiah C, Sangeetha KN, Rao VK, Shobha V. A prospective longitudinal study evaluating the influence of immunosuppressives and other factors on COVID-19 in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. BMC Rheumatol 2022; 6:32. [PMID: 35698182 PMCID: PMC9192133 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-022-00264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We conducted this study to identify the influence of prolonged use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressants (IS) on occurrence and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRDs).
Methods This was a prospective, multicenter, non-interventional longitudinal study across 15 specialist rheumatology centers. Consecutive AIRD patients on treatment with immunosuppressants were recruited and followed up longitudinally to assess parameters contributing to development of COVID-19 and its outcome. Results COVID-19 occurred in 314 (3.45%) of 9212 AIRD patients during a median follow up of 177 (IQR 129, 219) days. Long term HCQ use had no major impact on the occurrence or the outcome of COVID-19. Glucocorticoids in moderate dose (7.5–20 mg/day) conferred higher risk (RR = 1.72) of infection. Among the IS, Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), Cyclophosphamide (CYC) and Rituximab (RTX) use was higher in patients with COVID 19. However, the conventional risk factors such as male sex (RR = 1.51), coexistent diabetes mellitus (RR = 1.64), pre-existing lung disease (RR = 2.01) and smoking (RR = 3.32) were the major contributing risk factors for COVID-19. Thirteen patients (4.14%) died, the strongest risk factor being pre-existing lung disease (RR = 6.36, p = 0.01). Incidence (17.5 vs 5.3 per 1 lakh (Karnataka) and 25.3 vs 7.9 per 1 lakh (Kerala)) and case fatality (4.1% vs 1.3% (Karnataka) and 4.3% vs 0.4% (Kerala)) rate of COVID-19 was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to the general population of the corresponding geographic region. Conclusions Immunosuppressants have a differential impact on the risk of COVID-19 occurrence in AIRD patients. Older age, males, smokers, hypertensive, diabetic and underlying lung disease contributed to higher risk. The incidence rate and the case fatality rate in AIRD patients is much higher than that in the general population.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41927-022-00264-0.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Chanakya
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Sarjapur Road, Bengaluru, 560034, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ramya Janardana
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Sarjapur Road, Bengaluru, 560034, India
| | - Benzeeta Pinto
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Sarjapur Road, Bengaluru, 560034, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vineeta Shobha
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Sarjapur Road, Bengaluru, 560034, India.
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Ramamoorthy K, Raghunandhakumar S, Anand RS, Paramasivam A, Kamaraj S, Nagaraj S, Ezhilarasan D, Lakshmi T, Dua K, Chellappan DK, Veeramuthu A. Anticancer effects and lysosomal acidification in A549 cells by Astaxanthin from Haematococcus lacustris. Bioinformation 2020; 16:965-973. [PMID: 34803274 PMCID: PMC8573450 DOI: 10.6026/97320630016965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AXN) is known to have health benefits by epidemiological studies. Therefore, it is of interest to assess the effect of AXN (derived from indigenous unicellular green alga Haematococcus lacustris) to modulate cell cycle arrest, lysosomal acidification and eventually apoptosis using in vitro in A549 lung cancer cells. Natural extracts of astaxanthin were obtained by standardized methods as reported earlier and characterized by standard HPLC and MS. Treatment of A549 cells with AXN (purified fraction) showed significant reduction in cell viability (about 50%) as compared to crude extract at 50µM concentration. Thus, we show the anticancer effects and lysosomal acidification in A549 cells by Astaxanthin from Haematococcus lacustris for further consideration. Together, our results demonstrated the anticancer potential of AXN from Haematococcus lacustris, which is found to be mediated via its ability to induce cell cycle arrest, lysosomal acidification and apoptotic induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ramamoorthy
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras (Guindy Campus), Chennai, India-600 025
| | | | - RS Anand
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai - 600 025
| | - A Paramasivam
- Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre-Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - S Kamaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University (PG Extension Centre), Dharmapuri - 636701
| | - S Nagaraj
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras (Guindy Campus), Chennai, India-600 025
| | - Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre-Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Thangavelu Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil ,57000,Kualalumpur, Malaysia
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Ooi MB, Li Z, Robison RK, Wang D, Anderson AG, Zwart NR, Bakhru A, Nagaraj S, Mathews T, Hey S, Koonen JJ, Dimitrov IE, Friel HT, Lu Q, Obara M, Saha I, Wang H, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Temkit M, Hu HH, Chenevert TL, Togao O, Tkach JA, Nagaraj UD, Pinho MC, Gupta RK, Small JE, Kunst MM, Karis JP, Andre JB, Miller JH, Pinter NK, Pipe JG. Spiral T1 Spin-Echo for Routine Postcontrast Brain MRI Exams: A Multicenter Multireader Clinical Evaluation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:238-245. [PMID: 32029467 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spiral MR imaging has several advantages compared with Cartesian MR imaging that can be leveraged for added clinical value. A multicenter multireader study was designed to compare spiral with standard-of-care Cartesian postcontrast structural brain MR imaging on the basis of relative performance in 10 metrics of image quality, artifact prevalence, and diagnostic benefit. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven clinical sites acquired 88 total subjects. For each subject, sites acquired 2 postcontrast MR imaging scans: a spiral 2D T1 spin-echo, and 1 of 4 routine Cartesian 2D T1 spin-echo/TSE scans (fully sampled spin-echo at 3T, 1.5T, partial Fourier, TSE). The spiral acquisition matched the Cartesian scan for scan time, geometry, and contrast. Nine neuroradiologists independently reviewed each subject, with the matching pair of spiral and Cartesian scans compared side-by-side, and scored on 10 image-quality metrics (5-point Likert scale) focused on intracranial assessment. The Wilcoxon signed rank test evaluated relative performance of spiral versus Cartesian, while the Kruskal-Wallis test assessed interprotocol differences. RESULTS Spiral was superior to Cartesian in 7 of 10 metrics (flow artifact mitigation, SNR, GM/WM contrast, image sharpness, lesion conspicuity, preference for diagnosing abnormal enhancement, and overall intracranial image quality), comparable in 1 of 10 metrics (motion artifacts), and inferior in 2 of 10 metrics (susceptibility artifacts, overall extracranial image quality) related to magnetic susceptibility (P < .05). Interprotocol comparison confirmed relatively higher SNR and GM/WM contrast for partial Fourier and TSE protocol groups, respectively (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Spiral 2D T1 spin-echo for routine structural brain MR imaging is feasible in the clinic with conventional scanners and was preferred by neuroradiologists for overall postcontrast intracranial evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Ooi
- From Philips Healthcare (M.B.O., I.E.D., H.T.F., Q.L., H.W., Y.W., Y.Z.)
| | - Z Li
- Gainesville, Florida; Barrow Neurological Institute (Z.L., A.G.A., N.R.Z., J.P.K.)
| | - R K Robison
- Rochester, Minnesota; Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.K.R., M.T., H.H.H., J.H.M.)
| | - D Wang
- Phoenix, Arizona; Mayo Clinic (D.W., J.G.P.)
| | - A G Anderson
- Gainesville, Florida; Barrow Neurological Institute (Z.L., A.G.A., N.R.Z., J.P.K.)
| | - N R Zwart
- Gainesville, Florida; Barrow Neurological Institute (Z.L., A.G.A., N.R.Z., J.P.K.)
| | - A Bakhru
- Buffalo, New York; Philips Healthcare (A.B., S.N., T.M.)
| | - S Nagaraj
- Buffalo, New York; Philips Healthcare (A.B., S.N., T.M.)
| | - T Mathews
- Buffalo, New York; Philips Healthcare (A.B., S.N., T.M.)
| | - S Hey
- Bangalore, India; Philips Healthcare, (S.H., J.J.K.), Best, the Netherlands
| | - J J Koonen
- Bangalore, India; Philips Healthcare, (S.H., J.J.K.), Best, the Netherlands
| | - I E Dimitrov
- From Philips Healthcare (M.B.O., I.E.D., H.T.F., Q.L., H.W., Y.W., Y.Z.)
| | - H T Friel
- From Philips Healthcare (M.B.O., I.E.D., H.T.F., Q.L., H.W., Y.W., Y.Z.)
| | - Q Lu
- From Philips Healthcare (M.B.O., I.E.D., H.T.F., Q.L., H.W., Y.W., Y.Z.)
| | - M Obara
- Philips Healthcare (M.O.), Tokyo, Japan
| | - I Saha
- Philips Healthcare (I.S.), Gurgaon, India
| | - H Wang
- From Philips Healthcare (M.B.O., I.E.D., H.T.F., Q.L., H.W., Y.W., Y.Z.)
| | - Y Wang
- From Philips Healthcare (M.B.O., I.E.D., H.T.F., Q.L., H.W., Y.W., Y.Z.)
| | - Y Zhao
- From Philips Healthcare (M.B.O., I.E.D., H.T.F., Q.L., H.W., Y.W., Y.Z.)
| | - M Temkit
- Rochester, Minnesota; Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.K.R., M.T., H.H.H., J.H.M.)
| | - H H Hu
- Rochester, Minnesota; Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.K.R., M.T., H.H.H., J.H.M.)
| | - T L Chenevert
- University of Michigan (T.L.C.), Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - O Togao
- Kyushu University Hospital (O.T.), Kyushu, Japan
| | - J A Tkach
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital (J.A.T., U.D.N.), Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - U D Nagaraj
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital (J.A.T., U.D.N.), Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - M C Pinho
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (M.C.P.), Dallas, Texas
| | - R K Gupta
- Fortis Memorial Research Institute (R.K.G.), Gurgaon, India
| | - J E Small
- Lahey Hospital and Medical Center (J.E.S., M.M.K.), Burlington, Massachusetts
| | - M M Kunst
- Lahey Hospital and Medical Center (J.E.S., M.M.K.), Burlington, Massachusetts
| | - J P Karis
- Gainesville, Florida; Barrow Neurological Institute (Z.L., A.G.A., N.R.Z., J.P.K.)
| | - J B Andre
- University of Washington (J.B.A.), Seattle, Washington
| | - J H Miller
- Rochester, Minnesota; Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.K.R., M.T., H.H.H., J.H.M.)
| | - N K Pinter
- Phoenix, Arizona; DENT Neurologic Institute (N.K.P.)
| | - J G Pipe
- Phoenix, Arizona; Mayo Clinic (D.W., J.G.P.)
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Shobha V, Chandrashekara S, Rao V, Desai A, Jois R, Dharmanand BG, Kumar S, Kumar P, Dharmapalaiah C, Mahendranath KM, Prasad S, Daware MA, Singh Y, Karjigi U, Nagaraj S, Anupama KR. Biologics and risk of tuberculosis in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: A real-world clinical experience from India. Int J Rheum Dis 2018; 22:280-287. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Chandrashekara
- ChanRe Rheumatology and Immunology Center and Research; Bangalore India
| | | | - Anu Desai
- St. John's Medical College Hospital; Bangalore India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K. R. Anupama
- ChanRe Rheumatology and Immunology Center and Research; Bangalore India
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Thomas N, Nagaraj S, Park J, Aronovich S. TMJ Arthroscopy With and Without Botulinum Toxin a in Patients With Arthrogenous and Myogenous Pain. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Kalal BS, Puranik P, Nagaraj S, Rego S, Shet A. Scrub typhus and spotted fever among hospitalised children in South India: Clinical profile and serological epidemiology. Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 34:293-8. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.188315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sundaresan S, Nagaraj S, Rao S, Shet A. High rate of antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections among infants and children in India. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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12
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Elbkheet SA, Mallikarjunaiah HS, Nagaraj S. Mulligan Mobilization Versus Stretching on the Management of Piriformis Syndrome a Comparative Study. International Journal of Physiotherapy 2016. [DOI: 10.15621/ijphy/2016/v3i2/94897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Kalal B, Puranik P, Nagaraj S, Rego S, Shet A. Clinical profile and serological epidemiology of scrub typhus and spotted fever among hospitalized children at a tertiary hospital in South India. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Bouchiat C, El-Zeenni N, Chakrakodi B, Nagaraj S, Arakere G, Etienne J. Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in Bangalore, India: emergence of the ST217 clone and high rate of resistance to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin in the community. New Microbes New Infect 2015; 7:15-20. [PMID: 26110062 PMCID: PMC4475830 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and the circulating clones in Bangalore, India. Susceptibility testing was performed for all cases of SA infections in a tertiary-care hospital. Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) encoding genes were detected, and sequence type and spa type were determined. Out of the 92 collected strains, 52.2% were methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA), isolated from community-acquired (CA) infections in 60.4% and hospital-acquired (HA) infections in 39.6%. S. aureus isolates were also highly resistant to erythromycin (54.3%) and ciprofloxacin (70.6%) in methicillin-susceptible SA (MSSA) and MRSA, as well as in CA and HA infections. MRSA were found to be significantly more resistant to gentamicin (p <0.001), cotrimoxazole (p <0.001) and ciprofloxacin (p 0.001) than MSSA, but no significant difference was observed between CA- and HA-SA. ST217 appeared as a new emerging and prevalent clone, but ST772 remained the predominant clone, all being PVL-positive isolates. Our study points out the high prevalence of MRSA, even in the community, and the worrying increase of resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin among CA-MSSA. Emergence of clone ST217 is reported for the first time in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bouchiat
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, Centre de biologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France ; Faculté de medicine, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon, Lyon, France ; Centre national de référence des staphylocoques, Lyon, France
| | - N El-Zeenni
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, Centre de biologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - B Chakrakodi
- Society for Innovation and Development, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - S Nagaraj
- St. John's Hospital and Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - G Arakere
- Society for Innovation and Development, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - J Etienne
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, Centre de biologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France ; Laboratoire de bactériologie, Centre de biologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France ; Faculté de medicine, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon, Lyon, France
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Lokkur PP, Nagaraj S. The prevalence of bacterial contamination of stethoscope diaphragms: a cross sectional study, among health care workers of a tertiary care hospital. Indian J Med Microbiol 2014; 32:201-2. [PMID: 24713919 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.129845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Nagaraj
- Department of Microbiology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Nagaraj S, Ramlal S, Sripathy MH, Batra HV. Development and evaluation of a novel combinatorial selective enrichment and multiplex PCR technique for molecular detection of major virulence-associated genes of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in food samples. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 116:435-46. [PMID: 24119042 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To develop a multiplex PCR assay coupled with selective enrichment step to detect major virulence-associated genes of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus and evaluate the same directly on contaminated food samples. METHODS AND RESULTS The most important virulence-associated genes of Staph. aureus, which are commonly related to food safety issues, are targeted in this study. They include five major enterotoxigenic genes-sea, seb, sec, seg and sei, tst-which encodes TSST-1, mecA-which confer methicillin resistance and coa-for the enzyme coagulase along with an internal amplification control (IAC) to rule out false-negative result. A modified mannitol salt broth (MSB) supplemented with sodium pyruvate was used for selective enrichment of Staph. aureus from food samples prior to PCR. Evaluation of efficiency of different media revealed that enrichment of samples in modified MSB followed by PCR resulted in specific, sensitive and effective amplification of the targeted genes in comparison with other enrichment media. Incorporation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as PCR enhancer improved the intensity of amplicons. The standardized multiplex PCR (mPCR) format was able to detect all the target genes at a bacterial load of 10(6) CFU ml(-1) in any sample. The PCR results were unequivocally correlated with the conventional methods when the mPCR format was assessed on a total of 91 Staph. aureus isolates. The entire assay was found to be effectual when evaluated on naturally contaminated food samples. CONCLUSIONS The combinatorial approach involving selective enrichment followed by mPCR developed in this study was found to be effective for the detection of toxigenic Staph. aureus directly from various food sources. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The developed format would find a promising application in early detection of food contaminations as well as in the diagnosis of food poisoning due to Staph. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nagaraj
- Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
| | - S Ramlal
- Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
| | - M H Sripathy
- Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
| | - H V Batra
- Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
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Chandran SP, Nagaraj S, Kalal BS, Muralidharan S, Macaden R. In-vitro susceptibility to colistin and tigecycline in New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 producing Enterobacteriaceae. Indian J Med Microbiol 2013; 31:419-20. [PMID: 24064660 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.118889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S P Chandran
- Division of Infectious Disease, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Nagaraj S, Joshi P, Sharma V, Buche A, Mangat G, Samant R, Balakrishnan C. THU0227 Anca-associated vasculitis: A retrospective study from western india. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sharma V, Nagaraj S, Mangat G, Balakrishnan C, Krishna B, Samant R. AB0778 Role of pet scan in the management of patients with takayasu arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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20
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Remany MC, Daly C, Nagaraj S, Panda AK, Jaideep K, Samraj YCT. Evidence for the presence of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and monodon baculovirus (MBV) in wild Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) broodstock, in the southeast coast of India. J Fish Dis 2012; 35:793-798. [PMID: 22924635 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A survey on the presence of the viruses of two economically significant diseases, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and monodon baculovirus (MBV) in wild-collected Penaeus monodon broodstock, was conducted during different seasons of the year in two major coastal areas of southeast India. The broodstock were collected along the coast of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh during summer, premonsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons for three consecutive years. A total of 7905 samples were collected and subjected to MBV screening, and 6709 samples that were screened as MBV negative were diagnosed for WSSV. MBV was detected using rapid malachite green staining and WSSV by nested polymerase chain reaction. Prevalence data of the viruses were analysed using the EpiCalc 2000 program at 95% confidence interval. Samples collected from the Andhra Pradesh coast displayed a slightly higher prevalence of WSSV and MBV infection than those collected from Tamil Nadu, although this difference was not statistically significant (P > 005). In addition, it was found that the prevalence of both WSSV and MBV infections fluctuated according to season. Data on prevalence of these viruses in broodstock would be useful to develop strategies for shrimp health management along the southeast coast of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Remany
- Aquatic Quarantine Facility for L. vannamei, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Aquaculture, MPEDA-Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Govt. of India, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Nagaraj S, Rajaram M, Arulmurugan P, Baskaraboopathy A, Karuppasamy K, Jayappriyan K, Sundararaj R, Rengasamy R. Antiproliferative potential of astaxanthin-rich alga Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow on human hepatic cancer (HepG2) cell line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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23
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Nagaraj S, Arulmurugan P, Rajaram M, Karuppasamy K, Jayappriyan K, Sundararaj R, Vijayanand N, Rengasamy R. Hepatoprotective and antioxidative effects of C-phycocyanin from Arthrospira maxima SAG 25780 in CCl4-induced hepatic damage rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Sharma V, Nagaraj S, Joshi VR. Shoulder X-ray--a clue to multiple myeloma. J Assoc Physicians India 2012; 60:48. [PMID: 22799115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Sharma
- Department of Rheumatology, PD Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Veer Savarkar Marg, Mahim, Mumbai 400 016
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Nagaraj S, Chandran SP, Shamanna P, Macaden R. Carbapenem resistance among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary care hospital in south India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2012; 30:93-5. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.93054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Nagaraj S, Sharma V, Joshi P, Dholaria H, Gondalia TP, Udani V, Balakrishnan C. P59 Juvenile dermatomyositis: a case series of six patients. Indian Journal of Rheumatology 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0973-3698(11)60169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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27
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Nagaraj S, Joshi PN, Mangat G, Kothari J, Gupta S, Balakrishnan C. P79 Peripheral lung sparing: an important CT sign in diffuse pulmonary haemorrhage. Indian Journal of Rheumatology 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0973-3698(11)60189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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28
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Sharma V, Nagaraj S, Samant R, Mangat G, Balakrishnan C, Joshi VR. P41 Takayasu's arteritis at diagnosis: a 10-year single centre study from western India. Indian Journal of Rheumatology 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0973-3698(11)60151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Sharma V, Nagaraj S, Choksey U, Hegde A, Samant R, Balakrishnan C. Bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw. J Assoc Physicians India 2011; 59:516-517. [PMID: 21887911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates are routinely used in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteonecrosis of the jaw is known to be an important but rare complication of bisphosphonate usage. We present our experience with two patients of osteonecrosis of the jaw due to bisphosphonate usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Sharma
- Department of Rheumatology, PD Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Veer Savarkar Marg, Mahim, Mumbai 400016
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Abstract
We introduce a variation density function that profiles the relationship between multiple scalar fields over isosurfaces of a given scalar field. This profile serves as a valuable tool for multifield data exploration because it provides the user with cues to identify interesting isovalues of scalar fields. Existing isosurface-based techniques for scalar data exploration like Reeb graphs, contour spectra, isosurface statistics, etc., study a scalar field in isolation. We argue that the identification of interesting isovalues in a multifield data set should necessarily be based on the interaction between the different fields. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by applying it to explore data from a wide variety of applications.
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Purushothaman S, Prasanna R, Niranjana P, Raghunathan R, Nagaraj S, Rengasamy R. Stereoselective synthesis of hexahydro-3-methyl-1-arylchromeno[3,4-b]pyrrole and its annulated heterocycles as potent antimicrobial agents for human pathogens. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:7288-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nagaraj S, Sharma V, Balakrishnan C, Soman R. P31 Fungal infections in rheumatic diseases: experience with 4 patients. Indian Journal of Rheumatology 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0973-3698(10)60646-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Sharma V, Nagaraj S, Sunil S, Balakrishnan C. P60 Andersson's lesion in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a retrospective study. Indian Journal of Rheumatology 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0973-3698(10)60674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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34
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Sharma V, Nagaraj S, Samant R. P30 Plasma dyscrasias and inflammatory arthritis: not so uncommon association. Indian Journal of Rheumatology 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0973-3698(10)60645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Chatterjee O, Taylor LA, Ahmed S, Nagaraj S, Hall JJ, Finckbeiner SM, Chan PS, Suda N, King JT, Zeeman ML, McCobb DP. Social stress alters expression of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel subunits in mouse adrenal medulla and pituitary glands. J Neuroendocrinol 2009; 21:167-76. [PMID: 19207824 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01823.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels are very prominently expressed in adrenal chromaffin and many anterior pituitary cells, where they shape intrinsic excitability complexly. Stress- and sex-steroids regulate alternative splicing of Slo-alpha, the pore-forming subunit of BK channels, and chronic behavioural stress has been shown to alter Slo splicing in tree shrew adrenals. In the present study, we focus on mice, measuring the effects of chronic behavioural stress on total mRNA expression of the Slo-alpha gene, two key BK channel beta subunit genes (beta2 and beta4), and the 'STREX' splice variant of Slo-alpha. As a chronic stressor, males of the relatively aggressive SJL strain were housed with a different unfamiliar SJL male every 24 h for 19 days. This 'social-instability' paradigm stressed all individuals, as demonstrated by reduced weight gain and elevated corticosterone levels. Five quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain assays were performed in parallel, including beta-actin, each calibrated against a dilution series of its corresponding cDNA template. Stress-related changes in BK expression were larger in mice tested at 6 weeks than 9 weeks. In younger animals, Slo-alpha mRNA levels were elevated 44% and 116% in the adrenal medulla and pituitary, respectively, compared to individually-housed controls. beta2 and beta4 mRNAs were elevated 162% and 194% in the pituitary, but slightly reduced in the adrenals of stressed animals. In the pituitary, dominance scores of stressed animals correlated negatively with alpha and beta subunit expression, with more subordinate individuals exhibiting levels that were three- to four-fold higher than controls or dominant individuals. STREX variant representation was lower in the subordinate subset. Thus, the combination of subunits responding to stress differs markedly between adrenal and pituitary glands. These data suggest that early stress will differentially affect neuroendocrine cell excitability, and call for detailed analysis of functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Chatterjee
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Abstract
A synthetic genetic circuit has been designed whose topology and function echo those of an electronic inverting amplifier. Several variants of this circuit have been built in our laboratory. This paper reports on the testing of one of these variants and contributes to the field both in terms of evaluating the specific amplifier performance and in terms of providing a methodology for performance evaluation of analog genetic circuits. An input source was created and partially calibrated. It was then used to test the circuit through both fluorometer measurements and flow cytometry. In the discussion, consideration is given to cellular loading by the synthetic circuits and the resulting impact on circuit performance. Models developed earlier are compared with the experimental results. The circuit does indeed perform as an inverting amplifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nagaraj
- Inst. of Biomater. & Biomed. Eng., Toronto Univ., ON, Canada
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Katz L, Nauriyal V, Nagaraj S, Finch A, Sproule C, Farrel A, Rich P, IR Research Group. Infrared Imaging for Detection of Compartment Syndrome. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Nagaraj S, Ziske C, Strehl J, Messmer D, Sauerbruch T, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. Dendritic cells pulsed with alpha-galactosylceramide induce anti-tumor immunity against pancreatic cancer in vivo. Int Immunol 2006; 18:1279-83. [PMID: 16772371 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxl059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the Western world. Unfortunately, recent advances in diagnostics, staging and therapy have not resulted in significant improvements. Thus, new approaches are necessary to improve the outcome of patients with exocrine pancreatic cancer. We tested triggering of specific T lymphocytes in vivo by using the immunocompetent mouse strain C57BL/6. In the present study, we tried to enhance the anti-tumor effect against pancreatic carcinoma by supplementary triggering of NKT cells in vivo. We challenged Panc02 tumor-bearing mice by intratumoral vaccination with alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer)-loaded dendritic cells (DCs). A significant expansion of IFNgamma-producing NKT cells was observed which also correlated with decrease in tumor growth in vivo. Hence, DCs loaded with alpha-GalCer could lead to a novel treatment option for patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nagaraj
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Sigmund Freud Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
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Selvan MS, Ross MW, Nagaraj S, Etzel CJ, Shete S. Perception among upper middle class adolescent in Bombay regarding sex and sexuality. Indian J Public Health 2005; 49:250-1. [PMID: 16479912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was carried out among the adolescents in respect to their beliefs about sexual behavior and their intended decision with regard to engaging in sexual activity. Both male and female respondents indicated that they believe that individuals of their age should wait until they are older before engaging in sexual activity. However, there were significant differences between the responses of male and female adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Selvan
- Dept. of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center,1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Nagaraj S, Ziske C, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. Dendritic cell, the immunotherapeutic cell for cancer. Indian J Med Res 2004; 119:133-8. [PMID: 15147117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells play an important role in the development of effective cancer vaccines. These cells have the potential to present tumour-specific antigens and thereby induce an immune response. Various studies involving clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of administering antigen-loaded dendritic cells for cancer therapy. In order to design such experiments it is important to consider specific antigens, which initiate either a CD4+ or CD8+ response or both. The present review discusses the unique properties of dendritic cells as an immunotherapeutic cell for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nagaraj
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
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Nagaraj S, Raghavan R, Macaden R, Kurpad AV. Intestinal parasitic infection and total serum IgG in asymptomatic adult males in an urban slum and efficacy of antiparasitic therapy. Indian J Med Microbiol 2004; 22:54-6. [PMID: 17642688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition is thought to potentiate the polyclonal stimulation of IgE by parasites. This diminishes immunity due to the decrease in specific anti-parasitic IgE. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in chronically undernourished, asymptomatic adult males from a slum and efficacy of anti-parasitic therapy and its effect on total serum IgE were evaluated. Stool specimens from 51 subjects were examined. Anti-helminth and anti-protozoan therapy consisted of oral, single dose albendazole (400mg) and tinidazole (2g) respectively. Total serum IgE was measured. 23 (45.1%) subjects were positive. Albendazole and tinidazole cleared intestinal parasites but had no significant effect on total serum IgE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nagaraj
- Department of Microbiology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore - 560 034, Karnataka, India
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Nagaraj S, Raghavan R, Macaden R, Kurpad AV. INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTION AND TOTAL SERUM IgE IN ASYMPTOMATIC ADULT MALES IN AN URBAN SLUM AND EFFICACY OF ANTIPARASITIC THERAPY. Indian J Med Microbiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)02953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Pressurized capillary electrochromatography is a variant of capillary electrochromatography (CEC) in which the driving force is both electroosmotic and hydraulic. The inlet of the CEC capillary is pressurized using an HPLC pump, and an electric field is simultaneously applied. This work describes a method for the analysis of doxorubicin. Doxorubicin was reacted with Cy5.29.OSu in acetonitrile. The derivative was confirmed by RP-TLC. A CEC system equipped with a VDLIF detector was constructed and used to analyze the derivative. The reaction mixture was injected onto a capillary packed in-house with 3 microm C-18 Luna particles and separation was carried out at 25 kV using 70% acetonitrile/ 30% phosphate (10 mM, pH = 4.8) as the mobile phase. The derivatization reaction was optimized by the investigation of parameters such as reaction time, temperature and concentration of label in order to increase the yield of the derivative. The optimal conditions were determined to be 30 min, 80 degrees C and 50 nmol/mL, respectively. Doxorubicin was extracted from plasma using solid-phase extraction under alkaline conditions, derivatized and injected onto the CEC-VDLIF system. The selectivity of the assay was demonstrated by a lack of interfering peaks due to plasma constituents across the elution window of the derivative peak in blank plasma extracts (n = 6 sources). The limit of detection (LOD) of the assay in plasma calculated as 3 s(b)/m was determined to be 1.7 ng/mL. The precision of the assay determined at a concentration of 167.7 ng/mL (n = 5) was found to be within 7.04 %RSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nagaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980533, Richmond, VA 23298-0533, USA
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Nagaraj S, Rahavendran SV, Karnes HT. Visible diode laser induced fluorescence detection for capillary electrophoretic analysis of amantadine in human plasma following precolumn derivatization with Cy5.29.OSu. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1998; 18:411-20. [PMID: 10096835 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(98)00054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Visible diode laser induced fluorescence (VDLIF) detection (620-700 nm) has become important in bioanalysis due to the increased sensitivity and selectivity that can be achieved in biological matrices. A selective and sensitive capillary electrophoretic method employing VDLIF detection has been developed for the analysis of amantadine in plasma. Amantadine was extracted from plasma into toluene under alkaline conditions and the residue was derivatized with the far-red label Cy5.29.OSu. The reaction mixture was dried under nitrogen, reconstituted and then injected onto a laboratory constructed capillary electrophoresis system equipped with a laboratory constructed visible diode laser detector temperature tuned to oscillate at 647.8 nm. The selectivity of the technique was evaluated by demonstrating a lack of interfering peaks in extracts of blank plasma. A calibration curve ranging from 1.8 to 461.1 ng ml(-1) was shown to be linear. The precision and accuracy of the assay (n = 6) were determined to be within 17% R.S.D. and 15% difference from the nominal concentration respectively. The limits of detection for unextracted amantadine and for amantadine from the extracted concentrate from plasma were determined to be 9.5 fmol and 115 amol respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nagaraj
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0533, USA
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Robson WL, Shashi V, Nagaraj S, Nørgaard JP. Water intoxication in a patient with the Prader-Willi syndrome treated with desmopressin for nocturnal enuresis. J Urol 1997; 157:646-7. [PMID: 8996389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We report on a girl with the Prader-Willi syndrome who received desmopressin for nocturnal enuresis, and water intoxication developed after she ingested a large amount of fluid. MATERIALS AND METHODS The patient received 10 mg. desmopressin at bedtime for enuresis. She was hospitalized when a major motor seizure and coma (Glasgow coma scale 8) occurred after ingesting 48 ounces of fluid. Treatment included 3% saline, followed by 5% dextrose in water and sodium chloride given intravenously. RESULTS Serum sodium increased to 128 mEq./l. and serum glucose remained normal. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the head were normal and revealed no evidence of cerebral pontine myelinosis. Patient consciousness returned to normal by day 5 after the seizure. CONCLUSIONS In patients treated with desmopressin the risk of a seizure or altered level of consciousness can be minimized by not ingesting large quantities of fluid. We recommend that patients drink no more than 8 ounces of fluid on any evening that desmopressin is administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Robson
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study whether there are any differences in growth of the femoral and humeral length between the three major ethnic groups in Malaysia viz Malays, Chinese and Indians. The effect on fetal growth by gender of the baby and parity of the mother was also studied. METHODS The setting was the University of Kuala Lumpur. Thirty-four Malay, 35 Chinese and 34 Indian normal pregnant middle-class women were studied longitudinally by monthly ultrasound scans for 18 to 38 weeks of gestation. The data were subjected to regression analysis; the quadratic curve was found to be the most adequate. Dummy variables were used to determine any effects by gender, parity as well as ethnicity on the length of limb growth. There was no difference in birth weights of the three ethnic groups studied, nor in gender or parity. RESULTS There were found to be significant differences in limb lengths of the Indians (longer) when compared with the Malays and Chinese. Parity seems to affect only Indians in whom the multiparous fetuses have shorter limb lengths than the primaparous. There appears to be no effect by gender. CONCLUSION There appear to be definite differences in growth of limb length between the different Malaysian ethnic groups and this should be taken into account when growth charts are used and when fetal weight formulas are calculated using limb lengths. The limitation of this study was that the numbers of subjects studied were small. Larger studies will be able to confirm or refute the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Raman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Sudarshan MK, Nagaraj S, Savitha B, Veena SG. An epidemiological study of rabies in Bangalore city. J Indian Med Assoc 1995; 93:14-6, 7. [PMID: 7759899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This multicentric study was conducted with the aim of knowing the nature and magnitude of the problem of rabies in Bangalore city. The disease was enzootic and endemic and the principal reservoir of infection was dog. There was stray dog menace due to ineffective dog control measures. Nearly 30% of animal bite victims did not wash their wounds and about 60% of patients started antirabic vaccine late after 24 hours of bite. The antirabies serum (equine) was not available at all. The victims of hydrophobia were both children (37.5%) and adults (62.5%) and the average incubation period ranged from 35-111 days. Pre-exposure antirabic vaccination was not given to dog catching and dog pound staff. Lastly, there was lack of proper laboratory diagnostic facilities for rabies in Bangalore.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Sudarshan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore
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Nagaraj S. Oduvanthalai poisoning. J Assoc Physicians India 1989; 37:294. [PMID: 2613626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Nagaraj S. Smiling in the New Born Infant - Clinical Observation and Hypothesis about Etiology. Indian J Psychiatry 1985; 27:105-6. [PMID: 21927081 PMCID: PMC3011163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Nagaraj
- Department of Anatomy, Tanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur - 613 004
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