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Earnist S, Nawaz S, Ullah I, Bhinder MA, Imran M, Rasheed MA, Shehzad W, Zahoor MY. Mitochondrial DNA diversity and maternal origins of Pakistani donkey. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e256942. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.256942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Domestic donkey plays a key role as a draft animal in rural economy of Pakistan where its population is increasing every year. The complete mtDNA control region of forty randomly sampled donkeys was PCR- amplified and sequenced bi-directionally using specific primers. Distinct mtDNA haplotypes obtained in the current study (KY446001−KY446011) were subjected to haplotype (h) and nucleotide diversity (π) measures using DnaS as well as to phylogenetic, Network, and AMOVA analyses. There were a total 27 polymorphic sites present within 11 unique mtDNA haplotypes from the studied 40 animals from different regions. Neighbor-joining network and median-joining network both illustrated the splitting of all these haplotypes into two well-defined Nubian and Somali lineages, confirming African maternal origin of Pakistani domestic donkey. Diversity parameters h (0.967± 0.037) and π (0.02917± 0.00307) were found to reveal high levels of genetic diversity in Pakistani donkeys. AMOVA demonstrated only 1% of genetic differences between two mtDNA maternal lineages, pointing to lack of population substructure in Pakistani donkeys as is the case with worldwide domestic donkey population. Pakistani donkeys have African maternal origin and high levels of mtDNA diversity. High genetic diversity may be due to non-selective breeding and heteroplasmy. We herein provide the first report on mtDNA diversity of control region in Pakistani domestic donkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Earnist
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - S. Nawaz
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - I. Ullah
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | | | - M. Imran
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - M. A. Rasheed
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - W. Shehzad
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - M. Y. Zahoor
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
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2
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Murphy E, North E, Nawaz S, Omigie D. The influence of music liking on episodic memory for rich spatiotemporal contexts. Memory 2023; 31:589-604. [PMID: 37083746 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2022.2154367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
It is thought that the presence of music influences episodic memory encoding. However, no studies have isolated the influence of music liking - the hedonic value listeners attribute to a musical stimulus - from that of the core affect induced by the presence of that music. In an online survey, participants rated musical excerpts in terms of how much they liked them, as well as in terms of felt valence, felt arousal and familiarity. These ratings were then used to inform the stimuli presented in an online episodic memory task which, across different scenarios, involved dragging cued objects to cued locations and then recalling details of what was moved, where they were moved to and the order of movements made. Our results showed an influence of liking and music-reward sensitivity on memory for what was moved, as well as a detrimental effect of arousing musical stimuli on memory for un-cued scenario details. Taken together, our study showcases the importance of episodic memory paradigms that involve rich spatiotemporal contexts and provides insights into how different aspects of episodic memory may be influenced by the presence of music.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London, London, UK
| | - E North
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London, London, UK
| | - S Nawaz
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London, London, UK
| | - D Omigie
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London, London, UK
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Asif M, Hayat Z, Rahman A, Qamar MF, Nawaz S, Ijaz M, Badar IH, Asif AR, Yar MK. Effects of mannan-oligosaccharide supplementation on gut health, immunity, and production performance of broilers. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e250132. [PMID: 35584455 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.250132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to investigate the effect of mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on intestinal histomorphology, immunity against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and productive parameters of broilers. A total of 1800, day old broiler chicks of Cobb-500 strain were selected and randomly assorted into 6 treatment groups: T1 (basal diet without antibiotics as negative control); T2 (basal diet plus antibiotics as positive control group); T3 (basal diet plus 200g/ton MOS); T4 (basal diet plus 400g/ton MOS); T5 (basal diet plus 600g/ton MOS) and T6 (basal diet plus 800g/ton MOS). Each treatment was having 6 replicates and the feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded on weekly basis. Results showed that, MOS supplemented birds have significantly higher feed intake, weight gain and FCR (P < 0.05). Similarly, supplementation of MOS showed positive effect on villus height and crypt depth both in jejunum and ilium. Goblet cell density was unaffected by MOS addition (P < 0.05). Furthermore, birds fed with diets containing MOS, exhibited better productive performance in comparison to positive and negative control groups. In conclusion, MOS can replace antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) as non-microbial performance-enhancing feed advocates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Asif
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Jhang Campus, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Z Hayat
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Jhang Campus, Jhang, Pakistan.,University of Sargodha, College of Agriculture, Department of Animal Sciences, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - A Rahman
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Jhang Campus, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - M F Qamar
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Jhang Campus, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - S Nawaz
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Department of Meat Science and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Ijaz
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Jhang Campus, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - I H Badar
- University of Agriculture, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Anatomy, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - A R Asif
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Jhang Campus, Jhang, Pakistan.,Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Wuhan, China
| | - M K Yar
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Jhang Campus, Jhang, Pakistan
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Nawaz S, Gu K, Fernandez F, Chen H, Bhat A, Gan G, Tan T. Utility of Myocardial Work in Predicting Cardiovascular Outcomes in a Diabetic Population. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Awan F, Ali MM, Afridi IQ, Kalsoom S, Firyal S, Nawaz S, Akhtar R, Iqbal A, Saeed S, Naseer R, Mehmood T, Luqman N, Ahmad H, Sadia H, Taseer MSA, Khan AR, Rafique N. Drinking water quality of various sources in Peshawar, Mardan, Kohat and Swat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e255755. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.255755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The present study involves the chemical and bacteriological analysis of water from different sources i.e., bore, wells, bottle, and tap, from Peshawar, Mardan, Swat and Kohat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan. From each district, 50 water samples (10 samples from each source), regardless of urban and rural status, were collected from these sources and analysed for sulphates, nitrates, nitrites, chlorides, total soluble solids and coliforms (E. coli). Results indicated that majority of the water sources had unacceptable E. coli count i.e.> 34 CFU/100mL. E. coli positive samples were high in Mardan District, followed by Kohat, Swat and Peshawar district. Besides this, the some water sources were also chemically contaminated by different inorganic fertilizers (nitrates/nitrites of sodium, potassium) but under safe levels whereas agricultural and industrial wastes (chloride and sulphate compounds) were in unsafe range. Among all districts, the water quality was found comparatively more deteriorated in Kohat and Mardan districts than Peshawar and Swat districts. Such chemically and bacteriologically unfit water sources for drinking and can cause human health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Awan
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - M. M. Ali
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | | | - S. Kalsoom
- Virtual University of Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - S. Firyal
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - S. Nawaz
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - R. Akhtar
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A. Iqbal
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - S. Saeed
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - R. Naseer
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - T. Mehmood
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - N. Luqman
- Department of Livestock and Dairy Development, Pakistan
| | - H.M. Ahmad
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - H. Sadia
- Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Pakistan
| | | | - A. R. Khan
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - N. Rafique
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
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Khatiwada R, Bowring D, Chou AS, Sonnenschein A, Wester W, Mitchell DV, Braine T, Bartram C, Cervantes R, Crisosto N, Du N, Rosenberg LJ, Rybka G, Yang J, Will D, Kimes S, Carosi G, Woollett N, Durham S, Duffy LD, Bradley R, Boutan C, Jones M, LaRoque BH, Oblath NS, Taubman MS, Tedeschi J, Clarke J, Dove A, Hashim A, Siddiqi I, Stevenson N, Eddins A, O'Kelley SR, Nawaz S, Agrawal A, Dixit AV, Gleason JR, Jois S, Sikivie P, Sullivan NS, Tanner DB, Solomon JA, Lentz E, Daw EJ, Perry MG, Buckley JH, Harrington PM, Henriksen EA, Murch KW, Hilton GC. Axion Dark Matter Experiment: Detailed design and operations. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:124502. [PMID: 34972408 DOI: 10.1063/5.0037857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Axion dark matter experiment ultra-low noise haloscope technology has enabled the successful completion of two science runs (1A and 1B) that looked for dark matter axions in the 2.66-3.1 μeV mass range with Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnisky sensitivity [Du et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 151301 (2018) and Braine et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 101303 (2020)]. Therefore, it is the most sensitive axion search experiment to date in this mass range. We discuss the technological advances made in the last several years to achieve this sensitivity, which includes the implementation of components, such as the state-of-the-art quantum-noise-limited amplifiers and a dilution refrigerator. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of a frequency tunable microstrip superconducting quantum interference device amplifier in run 1A, and a Josephson parametric amplifier in run 1B, along with novel analysis tools that characterize the system noise temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Khatiwada
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA and Fermilab Quantum Institute, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Bowring
- Accelerator Physics Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A S Chou
- Particle Physics Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Sonnenschein
- Particle Physics Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Wester
- Particle Physics Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D V Mitchell
- Particle Physics Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Braine
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - C Bartram
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - R Cervantes
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N Crisosto
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N Du
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - L J Rosenberg
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Rybka
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J Yang
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D Will
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - S Kimes
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Carosi
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Woollett
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Durham
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - L D Duffy
- Accelerators and Electrodynamics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Bradley
- NRAO Technology Center, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - C Boutan
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M Jones
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - B H LaRoque
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - N S Oblath
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M S Taubman
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - J Tedeschi
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - John Clarke
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Dove
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Hashim
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - I Siddiqi
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N Stevenson
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Eddins
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S R O'Kelley
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Nawaz
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Agrawal
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A V Dixit
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J R Gleason
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - S Jois
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - P Sikivie
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - N S Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D B Tanner
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J A Solomon
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - E Lentz
- Department of Physics, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - E J Daw
- Department of Physics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - M G Perry
- Department of Physics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - J H Buckley
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - P M Harrington
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - E A Henriksen
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - K W Murch
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - G C Hilton
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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Nawaz S, Lee G, Tison K, Kobrynski L. M272 STAT1 GAIN-OF-FUNCTION MUTATION IN A PATIENT WITH MULTIFOCAL ENTEROCOLITIS, SLE, AND FAMILY HISTORY OF CMC. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.08.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chakraborty P, Gallo M, Smith M, Hood R, Nawaz S, Chettri S, Norris A, Casterline J, Turner A. P67 Non-use of preferred contraceptive method among contracepting women in Ohio. Contraception 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2020.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Aber A, Phillips P, Hughes J, Keetharuth AD, Rooney G, Radley S, Walters S, Nawaz S, Jones G, Michaels J. Electronic personal assessment questionnaire for vascular conditions (ePAQ-VAS): development and validity. Br J Surg 2020; 107:1004-1012. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This paper describes the development and validation of an electronic personal assessment questionnaire for vascular conditions (ePAQ-VAS) that captures the symptomatology, quality of life and clinically relevant data of patients presenting to vascular services.
Methods
A two-stage survey was conducted in patients attending a tertiary vascular department. Patients completed the ePAQ-VAS remotely online, or on site using an electronic tablet. In the first stage of the survey, the responses were used to perform confirmatory factor analysis to assess the construct validity and remove redundant items. The internal reliability of disease-specific scales was investigated. In the second stage of the survey, the acceptability, known-group validity, test–retest reliability, and responsiveness of ePAQ-VAS was assessed.
Results
In total, 721 patients completed ePAQ-VAS. Their mean(s.d.) age was 63·5(15·7) years and 468 (64·9 per cent) were men. Some 553 patients (76·7 per cent) completed the questionnaire in clinic and the remainder completed the questionnaire online. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the conceptual model for ePAQ-VAS structure and eliminated six items. Internal reliability was acceptable for all the scales (Cronbach's α greater than 0·7). The test–retest reliability measured by the intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0·65 to 0·99. The results showed that the instrument was responsive over time with the standardized response mean ranging from 0·69 to 1·60.
Conclusion
ePAQ-VAS is a holistic data-collection process that is relevant to vascular service users and has potential to contribute to patient-focused care and the collection of aggregate data for service evaluation. A demonstration version of the final version of ePAQ can be viewed at http://demo-questionnaire.epaq.co.uk/home/project?id=VASC_1.7&page=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aber
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - P Phillips
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Hughes
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - A D Keetharuth
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - G Rooney
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - S Walters
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Nawaz
- Sheffield Vascular Institute, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - G Jones
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Vascular Institute, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - J Michaels
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Braine T, Cervantes R, Crisosto N, Du N, Kimes S, Rosenberg LJ, Rybka G, Yang J, Bowring D, Chou AS, Khatiwada R, Sonnenschein A, Wester W, Carosi G, Woollett N, Duffy LD, Bradley R, Boutan C, Jones M, LaRoque BH, Oblath NS, Taubman MS, Clarke J, Dove A, Eddins A, O'Kelley SR, Nawaz S, Siddiqi I, Stevenson N, Agrawal A, Dixit AV, Gleason JR, Jois S, Sikivie P, Solomon JA, Sullivan NS, Tanner DB, Lentz E, Daw EJ, Buckley JH, Harrington PM, Henriksen EA, Murch KW. Extended Search for the Invisible Axion with the Axion Dark Matter Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:101303. [PMID: 32216421 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports on a cavity haloscope search for dark matter axions in the Galactic halo in the mass range 2.81-3.31 μeV. This search utilizes the combination of a low-noise Josephson parametric amplifier and a large-cavity haloscope to achieve unprecedented sensitivity across this mass range. This search excludes the full range of axion-photon coupling values predicted in benchmark models of the invisible axion that solve the strong CP problem of quantum chromodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Braine
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - R Cervantes
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N Crisosto
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N Du
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - S Kimes
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - L J Rosenberg
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Rybka
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J Yang
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D Bowring
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A S Chou
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Khatiwada
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Sonnenschein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W Wester
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G Carosi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Woollett
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - L D Duffy
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, California 87545, USA
| | - R Bradley
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - C Boutan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M Jones
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - B H LaRoque
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - N S Oblath
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M S Taubman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - J Clarke
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Dove
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Eddins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S R O'Kelley
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Nawaz
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - I Siddiqi
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N Stevenson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Agrawal
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A V Dixit
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J R Gleason
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - S Jois
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - P Sikivie
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J A Solomon
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - N S Sullivan
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D B Tanner
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - E Lentz
- University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - E J Daw
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J H Buckley
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | | | - E A Henriksen
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - K W Murch
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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11
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Kashif M, Awan MB, Nawaz S, Amjad M, Talib B, Farooq M, Nizami AS, Rehan M. Untapped renewable energy potential of crop residues in Pakistan: Challenges and future directions. J Environ Manage 2020; 256:109924. [PMID: 31818740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sustainability in power generation mainly depends on the transition from fossils to sustainable energy resources. Biomass from the crop residue has huge potential for renewable power generation, but it is still not utilized to its full potential. This study presents a comprehensive methodology to evaluate and forecast the current and future availability of selective crop residue to generate renewable energy. A forecast model incorporating historical trends in the crop yield has been developed in MATLAB and implemented for crop residue based biomass resource assessment of five primary crops (wheat straw, rice husk, rice straw, cotton straw, corn stover, and bagasse) in order to estimate the energy generation potential for Pakistan from 2018 till 2035. It was found that about 40 million tonnes of crop residue was available in Pakistan for power generation in the year 2018 considering a residue removal (availability) factor of 50%. This translates to an estimated potential of about 11,000 MW of electricity generation capacity using crop residue derived biomass for 2018. This capacity is predicted to gradually increase up to 16,000 MW by the year 2035 based on the trends in the growth of crop production since 2001. The suitability of a potential region for the installation of 100 MW biomass-fired power plants was also assessed by calculating crop residue density and an equivalent collection radius (Re) of 50 km (km). Punjab province of Pakistan, being an agricultural province, with relatively better road infrastructure can sustain crop residue based power plants of up to 7000 MW cumulative capacity at various locations. The challenges, such as economic, logistics, regulatory and political barriers, in generating renewable energy from biomass along with their potential solutions were also discussed. The study also provides a baseline for future research to evaluate and forecast the growth in bio-power generation potential of any biomass resource in a region based on crop yield and area of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kashif
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Central Punjab, Johar Town, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - M B Awan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Central Punjab, Johar Town, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Nawaz
- Department of Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore (KSK Campus), Pakistan
| | - M Amjad
- Department of Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore (KSK Campus), Pakistan.
| | - B Talib
- Department of Civil Technology, University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Farooq
- Department of Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore (KSK Campus), Pakistan
| | - A S Nizami
- Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Rehan
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Sydenham EW, Shephard GS, Thiel PG, Stockenström S, Snijman PW, Van Schalkwyk DJ, Castegnaro M, Kamimura H, Lauren DR, Miller JD, Nawaz S, Pascale M, Pittet A, Savard ME, Schillack VR, Scudamore K, Sizoo EA, Smith WA, Stack ME, Ueno Y, Viljoen CC, Visconti A, van der Westhuizen L. Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Fumonisins B1, B2, and B3 in Corn: AOAC–IUPAC Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/79.3.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for simultaneous determination of fumonisins B1 (FB1), B2 (FB2), and B3 (FB3) in corn was subjected to a collaborative study involving 12 participants from 10 countries, in which the accuracy and reproducibility characteristics of the method were established. Mean analyte recoveries from corn ranged from 81.1 to 84.2% for FB1 (at a spiking range of 500 to 8000 ng/g), from 75.9 to 81.9% for FB2 (at a spiking range of 200 to 3200 ng/g), and from 75.8 to 86.8% for FB3 (at a spiking range of 100 to 1600 ng/g). The valid data were statistically evaluated after exclusion of outliers. Relative standard deviations for within-laboratory repeatability ranged from 5.8 to 13.2% for FB1, from 7.2 to 17.5% for FB2, and from 8.0 to 17.2% for FB3. Relative standard deviations for between-laboratory reproducibility varied from 13.9 to 22.2% for FB1, from 15.8 to 26.7% for FB2, and from 19.5 to 24.9% for FB3. HORRAT ratios, calculated for the individual toxin analogues, ranged from 0.75 to 1.73. The LC method for determination of fumonisins B1, B2, and B3 in corn (at concentrations of 800–12800 ng total fumonisins/g) has been adopted by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Sydenham
- Medical Research Council, Programme on Mycotoxins and Experimental Carcinogenesis, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Gordon S Shephard
- Medical Research Council, Programme on Mycotoxins and Experimental Carcinogenesis, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Pieter G Thiel
- Medical Research Council, Programme on Mycotoxins and Experimental Carcinogenesis, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Sonja Stockenström
- Medical Research Council, Programme on Mycotoxins and Experimental Carcinogenesis, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Petra W Snijman
- Medical Research Council, Programme on Mycotoxins and Experimental Carcinogenesis, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
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13
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Fernandez F, Nawaz S, Bhat A, Chen H, Fernandez A, Gan G, Hung J, Handschumacher M, Nunes M, Tan T. 364 Left Atrial Cross Sectional Area as a Measure of Left Atrial Remodelling in Patients With Hypertension and Diabetes. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Fernandez F, Nawaz S, Chen H, Bhat A, Makarious D, Gan G, Hung J, Handschumacher M, Nunes M, Tan T. 430 Validation of Left Atrial Mid Cross-Sectional Area, a Novel 2D Measure of Left Atrial Remodelling, Using 3D Echocardiography in a Cohort of Healthy Subjects. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Iqbal A, Nawaz S, Javid A, Gulraiz S, Khan MKA, Rashid M, Noor T, Khan M, Ali MM. Comparative performance-based studies of second generation anticoagulant rodenticides bromadiolone and flocoumafen in Mus musculus. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2019; 34:03. [PMID: 31845562 DOI: 10.23812/19-459-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Iqbal
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Nawaz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Javid
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Gulraiz
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College for Women, Gulberg, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M K A Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - M Rashid
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - T Noor
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M M Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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16
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Nawaz S, Zierkiewicz W, Michalczyk M, Ghaffar A, Jabeen F, Ahmad S. DFT Analysis of Copper(II) Complexes of cis-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane (Dach), [Cu(Dach)2(N3)]Cl·3H2O and [Cu(Dach)2-Ag(CN)2-Cu(Dach)2][Ag(CN)2]3. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476619040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Aber A, Tong TS, Chilcott J, Thokala P, Maheswaran R, Thomas SM, Nawaz S, Walters S, Michaels J. Sex differences in national rates of repair of emergency abdominal aortic aneurysm. Br J Surg 2018; 106:82-89. [PMID: 30395361 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the sex differences in both the rate and type of repair for emergency abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in England. METHODS Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data sets from April 2002 to February 2015 were obtained. Clinical and administrative codes were used to identify patients who underwent primary emergency definitive repair of ruptured or intact AAA, and patients with a diagnosis of AAA who died in hospital without repair. These three groups included all patients with a primary AAA who presented as an emergency. Sex differences between repair rates and type of surgery (endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) versus open repair) over time were examined. RESULTS In total, 15 717 patients (83·3 per cent men) received emergency surgical intervention for ruptured AAA and 10 276 (81·2 per cent men) for intact AAA; 12 767 (62·0 per cent men) died in hospital without attempted repair. The unadjusted odds ratio for no repair in women versus men was 2·88 (95 per cent c.i. 2·75 to 3·02). Women undergoing repair of ruptured AAA were older and had a higher in-hospital mortality rate (50·0 versus 41·0 per cent for open repair; 30·9 versus 23·5 per cent for EVAR). After adjustment for age, deprivation and co-morbidities, the odds ratio for no repair in women versus men was 1·34 (1·28 to 1·40). The in-hospital mortality rate after emergency repair of an intact AAA was also higher among women. CONCLUSION Women who present as an emergency with an AAA are less likely to undergo repair than men. Although some of this can be explained by differences in age and co-morbidities, the differences persist after case-mix adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aber
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - T S Tong
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Chilcott
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - P Thokala
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - R Maheswaran
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - S M Thomas
- Sheffield Vascular Institute, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Nawaz
- Sheffield Vascular Institute, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Walters
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Michaels
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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18
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Nawaz S, Goyal A, Farooqi M, Pai S, Snapper S, Raje N, Field M. A CASE OF VERY EARLY ONSET INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE, CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE, AND RECURRENT INFECTIONS. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.09.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Tew GA, Batterham AM, Colling K, Gray J, Kerr K, Kothmann E, Nawaz S, Weston M, Yates D, Danjoux G. Randomized feasibility trial of high-intensity interval training before elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Br J Surg 2017; 104:1791-1801. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This study assessed the feasibility of a preoperative high-intensity interval training (HIT) programme in patients awaiting elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.
Methods
In this feasibility trial, participants were allocated by minimization to preoperative HIT or usual care. Patients in the HIT group were offered three exercise sessions per week for 4 weeks, and weekly maintenance sessions if surgery was delayed. Feasibility and acceptability outcomes were: rates of screening, eligibility, recruitment, retention, outcome completion, adverse events and adherence to exercise. Data on exercise enjoyment (Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale, PACES), cardiorespiratory fitness (anaerobic threshold and peak oxygen uptake), quality of life, postoperative morbidity and mortality, duration of hospital stay and healthcare utilization were also collected.
Results
Twenty-seven patients were allocated to HIT and 26 to usual care (controls). Screening, eligibility, recruitment, retention and outcome completion rates were 100 per cent (556 of 556), 43·2 per cent (240 of 556), 22·1 per cent (53 of 240), 91 per cent (48 of 53) and 79–92 per cent respectively. The overall exercise session attendance rate was 75·8 per cent (276 of 364), and the mean(s.d.) PACES score after the programme was 98(19) (‘enjoyable’); however, the intensity of exercise was generally lower than intended. The mean anaerobic threshold after exercise training (adjusted for baseline score and minimization variables) was 11·7 ml per kg per min in the exercise group and 11·4 ml per kg per min in controls (difference 0·3 (95 per cent c.i. –0·4 to 1·1) ml per kg per min). There were trivial-to-small differences in postoperative clinical and patient-reported outcomes between the exercise and control groups.
Conclusion
Despite the intensity of exercise being generally lower than intended, the findings support the feasibility and acceptability of both preoperative HIT and the trial procedures. A definitive trial is warranted. Registration number: ISRCTN09433624 (https://www.isrctn.com/).
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Tew
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A M Batterham
- School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - K Colling
- Department of Academic Anaesthesia, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - J Gray
- Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - K Kerr
- Department of Anaesthesia, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - E Kothmann
- Department of Academic Anaesthesia, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - S Nawaz
- Sheffield Vascular Institute, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Weston
- Department of Psychology, Sport and Exercise, School of Social Sciences, Business and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - D Yates
- Department of Anaesthesia, York Hospital, York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
| | - G Danjoux
- Department of Academic Anaesthesia, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
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20
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Nawaz SZ, Keightley AJ, Desai A, Granville-Chapman J, Elliott D, Newman K, Khaleel A. Displaced intracapsular neck of femur fractures: Outcome of 810 hydroxyapetite coated (HAC) uncemented hemiarthroplasties. Injury 2017; 48:909-913. [PMID: 28259379 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A Cochrane review influenced new NICE guidelines, which recommended surgeons: Offer cemented implants to patients undergoing surgery with arthroplasty. However our trust routinely uses HAC uncemented stem (Taperloc®, Biomet) hemiarthroplasties. A review of a consecutive series of uncemented HAC stem hemiarthroplasties including measures such as intro-operative complications, mortality and revision surgery. Prospectively collected data between January 2008 and June 2014 was used, with medical record and radiographic reviews performed. 810 consecutive Taperloc uncemented hemiarthroplasty with monopolar heads were performed in 763 patients, with a minimum 12 month follow-up (12-90) follow-up. Mean age 83yrs; 71% female. Meantime to operation was 28.5h. 30day mortality: 4.4% (33/763). One year mortality was 11.2% (89/763). 2.5% (20/810) were admitted on a separate admission with the periprosthetic fracture. 0.6% (5/810) were revised to total hip replacement for subsidence and associated pain. Only 1% (8/810) had intraoperative calcar fractures, all of which were treated with intraoperative cabling with no evidence of clinically relevant subsidence or medium term complications requiring revision surgery within a year. To the author's knowledge this is largest outcome series for modern design uncemented hemiarthroplasty. Our study shows comparable data to cemented hemiarthroplasty but no deaths in the first 2days post-op. Our series also demonstrates a well below average mortality figures which are clearly multifactorial but believe uncemented prosthesis play a role. We believe that uncemented proven stem design hemiarthroplasty remains a safe and good surgical option for displaced intracapsular fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Z Nawaz
- Rowley Bristow Orthopaedic Unit, Ashford and St Peters NHS Foundation Trust, Australia.
| | - A J Keightley
- Rowley Bristow Orthopaedic Unit, Ashford and St Peters NHS Foundation Trust, Australia
| | - A Desai
- Rowley Bristow Orthopaedic Unit, Ashford and St Peters NHS Foundation Trust, Australia
| | - J Granville-Chapman
- Rowley Bristow Orthopaedic Unit, Ashford and St Peters NHS Foundation Trust, Australia
| | - D Elliott
- Rowley Bristow Orthopaedic Unit, Ashford and St Peters NHS Foundation Trust, Australia
| | - K Newman
- Rowley Bristow Orthopaedic Unit, Ashford and St Peters NHS Foundation Trust, Australia
| | - A Khaleel
- Rowley Bristow Orthopaedic Unit, Ashford and St Peters NHS Foundation Trust, Australia
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21
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Nawaz S. ENGAGING MINORITY ETHNIC COMMUNITIES TO IMPROVE ACCESS TO PALLIATIVE CARE: BARRIERS AND STRATEGIES. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2014-000838.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Doig KI, Peters JJP, Nawaz S, Walker D, Walker M, Lees MR, Beanland R, Sanchez AM, McConville CF, Palkar VR, Lloyd-Hughes J. Structural, optical and vibrational properties of self-assembled Pbn+1(Ti1-x Fex)nO(3n+1)-δ Ruddlesden-Popper superstructures. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7719. [PMID: 25591924 PMCID: PMC4296293 DOI: 10.1038/srep07719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bulk crystals and thin films of PbTi1−xFexO3−δ (PTFO) are multiferroic, exhibiting ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism at room temperature. Here we report that the Ruddlesden-Popper phase Pbn+1(Ti1−xFex)nO3n+1−δ forms spontaneously during pulsed laser deposition of PTFO on LaAlO3 substrates. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy were utilised to perform a structural and compositional analysis, demonstrating that and . The complex dielectric function of the films was determined from far-infrared to ultraviolet energies using a combination of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, Fourier transform spectroscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The simultaneous Raman and infrared activity of phonon modes and the observation of second harmonic generation establishes a non-centrosymmetric point group for Pbn+1(Ti0.5Fe0.5)nO3n+1−δ, a prerequisite for (but not proof of) ferroelectricity. No evidence of macroscopic ferromagnetism was found in SQUID magnetometry. The ultrafast optical response exhibited coherent magnon oscillations compatible with local magnetic order, and additionally was used to study photocarrier cooling on picosecond timescales. An optical gap smaller than that of BiFeO3 and long photocarrier lifetimes may make this system interesting as a ferroelectric photovoltaic.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Doig
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - J J P Peters
- University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - S Nawaz
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - D Walker
- University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M Walker
- University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M R Lees
- University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Beanland
- University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - A M Sanchez
- University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - C F McConville
- University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - V R Palkar
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - J Lloyd-Hughes
- University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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Al-Jundi W, Madbak K, Beard J, Nawaz S, Tew G. Systematic Review of Home-based Exercise Programmes for Individuals with Intermittent Claudication. J Vasc Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Zaman M, Zaman S, Nguyen ML, Smith TJ, Nawaz S. The effect of urease and nitrification inhibitors on ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions from simulated urine patches in pastoral system: a two-year study. Sci Total Environ 2013; 465:97-106. [PMID: 23375867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This field study evaluated the effects of applying a combination of urease (UI) and nitrification inhibitors (NI) on ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from urine patches, using zeolite, single superphosphate (SSP) and urea fertilizer as a carrier. The trial was conducted on a Typic Haplustepts silt loam soil, near Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand during 2009-11. The treatments in 2009 included: a control (no urine or inhibitor), urine alone at 600 kg N ha(-1), and urine with either double inhibitor (DI) a mixture (1:7 ratio w/w) of UI (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (nBTPT - trade name Agrotain®) and NI, dicyandiamide (DCD) or DCD alone at 10 kg ha(-1) using zeolite and SSP as carriers. In 2010 trials, both zeolite and urea were used as carriers for DI and DCD. DI-zeolite and DI-urea were equally effective and reduced the average NH3 losses from applied urine over two years by 34.6% in autumn and 40% in spring respectively. The nBTPT in DI-SSP was decomposed by the free acid produced during its dissolution and therefore increased NH3 emission as does DCD alone. DCD consistently increased NH3 emissions by 39% and 15.6% in autumn and spring respectively. Spring application resulted in NH3-N losses of 16.9% as a percentage of the total N applied compared to 8.4% in autumn. Over the two years, the DI reduced N2O emissions by 53% in autumn and 46% in spring over urine alone treatment; the equivalent reductions for DCD were 42% and 39% for autumn and spring, respectively. These results suggest that applying DI in autumn and spring using zeolite or urea carrier five days prior to grazing has the most potential to reduce NH3 and N2O losses from specific urination event than using DCD alone; and therefore warrants further research to improve its longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zaman
- Ballance Agri-Nutrients Limited New Zealand, Private Bag 12503, Tauranga Mail Centre, Tauranga 3143, New Zealand.
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25
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Connor MJ, Nawaz S, Prasad V, Mahir S, Rattan R, Bernard J, Adds PJ. The posterior epidural ligaments: a cadaveric and histological investigation in the lumbar region. ISRN Anat 2013; 2013:424058. [PMID: 25938100 PMCID: PMC4392955 DOI: 10.5402/2013/424058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. Incidental durotomy is a relatively common complication for patients undergoing posterior spinal surgery. Delineating anatomical variants in the posterior lumbar spinal canal is crucial in reducing future rates of incidental durotomy. Materials and Methods. The ligamentous attachments between the dura mater and ligamentum flavum in the lumbar region of 17 soft-fixed cadavers were investigated. The lumbar vertebral columns were removed, and cross-sectional dissection was performed at levels L1-S1. Anterior retraction of the dorsal dura mater identified attachments between the dorsal surface of the dura mater and the ligamentum flavum. Histological staining of the ligamentous attachments was carried out with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and elastic van Gieson (EVG). Results. Posterior epidural ligaments were present in 9 (52.9%) cadavers. Nine (9) separate ligaments were identified in these cadavers, with 3 (33.3%) at L3/L4, 5 (55.5%) at L4/L5, and 1 (11.1%) at L5/S1. Histology confirmed the presence of poorly differentiated collagen-based connective tissue, distinct from the normal anatomy. Conclusions. This study confirms the presence of multiple dorsomedial posterior epidural ligaments at the main sites for posterior spinal surgery (L3-S1). An intraoperative awareness of the variability of such connections may be an important step in reducing static rates of incidental durotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Connor
- Division of Biomedical Sciences (Anatomy), St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - S Nawaz
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London SW170QT, UK
| | - V Prasad
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London SW170QT, UK
| | - S Mahir
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London SW170QT, UK
| | - R Rattan
- Department of Histopathology, Frimley Park Hospital NHS Trust, London GU16 7UJ, UK
| | - J Bernard
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London SW170QT, UK
| | - P J Adds
- Division of Biomedical Sciences (Anatomy), St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
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Granville-Chapman J, Nawaz SZ, Trompeter A, Newman KJ, Elliott DS. Freehand 'figure 4' technique for tibial intramedullary nailing: introduction of technique and review of 87 cases. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2013; 24:1311-5. [PMID: 24013812 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-013-1306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intramedullary nailing of tibial fractures is commonplace, and freehand operative techniques are increasingly popular. The standard freehand method has the knee of the injured leg flexed over a radiolucent bolster. This requires the theatre fluoroscope to swing from antero-posterior to lateral position several times. Furthermore, guide wire placement, reaming and nail insertion are all performed well above most surgeons' shoulder height. Alternatively the leg is hung over the edge of the table, and the assistant must crouch and hold the leg until the nail is passed beyond the fracture. We describe a freehand figure 4 position technique for tibial nailing which is easier both for the surgeons and the radiographer, and present a series of 87 consecutive cases utilising this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Granville-Chapman
- Rowley Bristow Orthopaedic Unit, Ashford and St Peters Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford Road, Chertsey, Surrey, UK,
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Nawaz S, Arpaia R, Lombardi F, Bauch T. Microwave response of superconducting YBa2Cu3O(7-δ) nanowire bridges sustaining the critical depairing current: evidence of Josephson-like behavior. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:167004. [PMID: 23679634 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.167004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the zero-field critical supercurrent of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-δ) bridges patterned from 50 nm thick films as a function of bridge width, ranging from 2 μm to 50 nm. The critical current density monotonically increases for decreasing bridge width even for widths smaller than the Pearl length. This behavior is accounted for by considering current crowding effects at the junction between the bridge and the wider electrodes. Comparison to numerical calculations of the current distributions in our bridge geometries of various widths yields a (local) critical current density at 4.2 K of 1.3×10(8) A/cm(2), the Ginzburg Landau depairing current density. The observation of up to 160 Shapiro-like steps in the current voltage characteristics under microwave irradiation substantiates the pristine character of our nanobridges with cross sections as small as 50×50 nm(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nawaz
- Deptartment of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Quantum Device Physics Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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Nawaz S, Hillborg H, Hedenqvist M, Gedde U. Migration of a phenolic antioxidant from aluminium oxide-poly(ethylene-co-butyl acrylate) nanocomposites in aqueous media. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Parveen Z, Nawaz S, Siddique S, Shahzad K. Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil from Leaves of Curcuma longa L. Kasur Variety. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 75:117-22. [PMID: 23901173 PMCID: PMC3719142 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.113544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil from the leaves of Curcuma longa L. Kasur variety grown in Pakistan was extracted by hydro-distillation. Chemical constituents of the essential oil were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The chromatographic analysis of oil showed 25 constituents, out of which nine chemical constituents were identified. The eucalyptol (10.27%) was the major component of the essential oil. α-pinene (1.50%), β-phellandrene (2.49%), β-pinene (3.57%), limonene (2.73%), 1,3,8-p-menthatriene (1.76%), ascaridole epoxide (1.452%), 2-methylisoborneol (2.92%), 5-isopropyl-6-methyl-hepta-3, dien-2-ol (2.07%) were also present in considerable quantity. The antimicrobial properties of leaves of Curcuma longa were tested by disc diffusion method against various human pathogens, including eight fungal and five bacterial strains. Essential oil showed maximum resistance against Fusarium miniformes MAY 3629 followed by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 whereas; it exhibited least resistance against Fusarium oxysporium ATCC 48122. The results of the antimicrobial assay revealed that essential oil showed significant inhibitory activity against the tested organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Parveen
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozpur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - S. Nawaz
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozpur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - S. Siddique
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozpur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - K. Shahzad
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozpur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
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Nordell P, Nawaz S, Azhdar B, Hillborg H, Gedde UW. Preparation and characterization of aluminum oxide-poly(ethylene-co-butyl acrylate) nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- SZ Nawaz
- St Peter's Hospital Chertsey, UK
| | - O Chan
- St Peter's Hospital Chertsey, UK
| | - K Newman
- St Peter's Hospital Chertsey, UK
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Rüffer T, Lang H, Nawaz S, Isab AA, Ahmad S, Athar MM. Crystal structure of bis(triphenylphosphine) bis(N,N′-dibutylthiourea)silver(I) nitrate. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476611050313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Alzahrani T, Nawaz S, Delvi B, Hajjar W. Percutaneous tracheotomy: Forceps vs. cone dilatation techniques. Saudi J Anaesth 2011; 5:300-2. [PMID: 21957411 PMCID: PMC3168349 DOI: 10.4103/1658-354x.84106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Percutanoeous tracheotomy (PT) is a minimal invasive procedure alternative to surgical tracheotomy. PT offers an added advantage of enormous decrease of time interval between decision of doing tracheotomy and actually doing it. Moreover hazards of patient transport can be avoided as it can be safely performed at the bedside. We started doing PT in 2003 and performed 100 cases using forceps dilatation. Later we switched over to cone dilatation where we performed 215 cases. This study aims to compare two techniques of forceps vs. cone dilatation methods for PT. Methods: A total of 100 cases of PT were performed starting from December 2003 to August 2005 using the forceps dilatation method (group A). Further 215 cases were conducted (group B) from September 2003 to July 2008 using the cone dilatation method. Time of performing both procedures was recorded. Also incidence of complications was also recorded in both groups. Results: The incidence of minor bleeding in group A was 9%, whereas in group B was 5.58%. Major bleeding occurred in two patients in group B. Both cases suffered of pneumothorax and emphysema. One patient developed life-threatening tension pneumothorax and required cardio pulmonary resuscitation. This was one case in this series, in which the procedure has contributed to patient's morbidity. Guide wire-related technical difficulties were seen in 2% of the cases in group A, and 3.7% of cases in group B. Conclusion: forceps dilatation PT is superior to the cone dilatation technique in terms of safety. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Alzahrani
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Morter S, Bennet G, Fish J, Richards J, Allen D, Nawaz S, Iturriza-Gómara M, Brolly S, Gray J. Norovirus in the hospital setting: virus introduction and spread within the hospital environment. J Hosp Infect 2011; 77:106-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2010.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nawaz S, Khan FA, Tabasum S, Zakria M, Saeed A, Iqbal MZ. Phylogenetic relationships among Saccharum clones in Pakistan revealed by RAPD markers. Genet Mol Res 2010; 9:1673-82. [PMID: 20799164 DOI: 10.4238/vol9-3gmr903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Forty sugarcane genotypes (clones), including elite lines, commercial cultivars of Saccharum officinarum and S. barberi clones, were fingerprinted with 30 RAPD markers, using a PCR-based marker assay. The genetic distance for RAPD data was determined according to Nei, and relationships between accessions were graphed in a dendrogram. Genetic distance values ranging from 16.2 to 86.3% were observed among the 40 sugarcane accessions. The lowest genetic distance was found between genotypes US-406 and US-186. These two genotypes differed from each other in only 25 bands with 15 different primers. Genotypes Col-54 and CP-72-2086 were the second most similar group, with a genetic distance of 19.46%. The most dissimilar of all the accessions were CP-77-400 and US-133, with a genetic distance of 86.3%. RAPD fingerprints help sugarcane breeders clarify the genetic pedigree of commercial sugarcane varieties and can be used to evaluate the efficiency of conventional breeding methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nawaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Nawaz S, Khan FA, Tabasum S, Iqbal MZ, Saeed A. Genetic studies of "noble cane" for identification and exploitation of genetic markers. Genet Mol Res 2010; 9:1011-22. [PMID: 20533196 DOI: 10.4238/vol9-2gmr795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Forty genotypes (clones) of sugarcane, including elite lines, commercial cultivars of Saccharum officinarum and clones of S. barberi were fingerprinted with 50 SSR markers using a PCR-based marker assay. Nei's genetic distances for SSR data were determined and relationships between accessions were portrayed graphically in the form of a dendrogram. Genetic distance values ranging from 0.60 to 1.11 were observed among the 40 sugarcane accessions. The shortest genetic distance of 0.60 was seen between genotypes US-804 and US-130. These two genotypes differed from each other only in 10 bands, with 20 primers. The most dissimilar of the accessions were CP-77-400 and US-133, with a genetic distance of 1.11. SSR fingerprints can help sugarcane breeders to clarify the genetic pedigree of commercial sugarcane varieties and evaluate the efficiency of breeding methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nawaz
- CABB, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Abstract
DNA profiles of 40 sugarcane genotypes were constructed with 30 RAPD markers. Sugarcane genotypes of both Saccharum officinarum and S. barberi were included in this study. Multiple alleles were detected from each RAPD; there was a high level of polymorphism. On average, 7.93 alleles were produced per primer, giving a total of 238 alleles. The genetic distances between these genotypes were assessed with the POPGENE DNA sequence analysis software. A dendrogram was constructed from these data; cultivated species of sugarcane formed clusters with S. barberi genotypes. The 40 genotypes were clustered into two main groups; genetic distances ranged from 20.29 to 64.66%. These RAPD fingerprints will help sugarcane breeders to evaluate the efficiency of current conventional breeding methods and will help characterize the genetic pedigree of commercial sugarcane varieties. These data will also be valuable for conservation and utilization of the genetic resources in germplasm collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tabasum
- College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Tew GA, Nawaz S, Zwierska I, Blagojevic M, Saxton JM. Physiological Predictors of Maximum Treadmill Walking Performance in Patients with Intermittent Claudication. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1308/003588409x432220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Tew G, Nawaz S, Blagojevic M, Zwierska I, Saxton J. Physiological Predictors of Maximum Treadmill Walking Performance in Patients with Intermittent Claudication. Int J Sports Med 2009; 30:467-72. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1111110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Baig SM, Din MA, Hassan H, Azhar A, Baig JM, Aslam M, Anjum I, Farooq M, Hussain MS, Rasool M, Nawaz S, Qureshi JA, Zaman T. Prevention of beta-thalassemia in a large Pakistani family through cascade testing. Public Health Genomics 2008; 11:68-70. [PMID: 18196920 DOI: 10.1159/000111641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report cascade testing of a large Pakistani family for beta-thalassemia alleles. The family was still practicing consanguineous marriages and was at risk of having more affected births. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to show that identification of disease carriers in families with index cases in order to create awareness about disease and provide genetic counseling would result in reduction of the frequency of beta-thalassemia in Pakistan. METHODS In this large family with an index case, 27 available living members were tested for beta-thalassemia. Carriers of the disease were detected by measuring hemoglobin indices, and amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction was used for mutation analysis. Genetic counseling was provided to members of this family. RESULTS There were already 3 marriages between the carrier members and 1 between a carrier and noncarrier in this large family; 12 (44.4%) members were found to carry the mutant gene, representing a very high carrier rate compared to the 5.4% carrier frequency of beta-thalassemia in the general population of Pakistan. The family was counseled for prevention of affected births. The initially reluctant family gradually became cooperative and seriously attended the genetic counseling sessions. CONCLUSION Cascade testing is more practical than general population screening in a country with limited health facilities where consanguineous marriages are practiced. This report emphasizes the need of extensive testing within families with index cases to identify the carriers of beta-thalassemia in order to reduce disease occurrence through awareness and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Baig
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Saxton JM, Zwierska I, Hopkinson K, Espigares E, Choksy S, Nawaz S, Walker R, Pockley AG. Effect of upper- and lower-limb exercise training on circulating soluble adhesion molecules, hs-CRP and stress proteins in patients with intermittent claudication. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2008; 35:607-13. [PMID: 18226561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2007.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of exercise training on levels of circulating biomarkers associated with the progression of atherosclerosis and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with intermittent claudication. METHODS Circulating levels of soluble adhesion molecules (sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, sE-selectin), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and stress proteins (Hsp60 and Hsp70) in patients randomised to a 24-week programme of arm- or leg-cranking exercise were compared with those in usual care controls. RESULTS Arm and leg exercise similarly improved lower-limb aerobic exercise capacity (20% vs 19%, respectively; P<0.001) and maximum walking distance (30% vs 35%, respectively; P<0.001). Improvements in training limb-specific peak oxygen consumption were attenuated for patients in the highest vs lowest quartile for circulating sVCAM-1 levels at baseline (3% vs 25% respectively, P<0.001). Although circulating hs-CRP levels tended to be lower in the arm-cranking group (-1.55 [95% CI: -1.06 to -2.26]mgl(-1)), exercise training had no effect on circulating levels of soluble adhesion molecules or stress proteins. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that high levels of circulating sVCAM-1 are associated with an attenuated exercise training response and that arm-cranking exercise may provide an effective stimulus for evoking systemic anti-inflammatory adaptations in patients with intermittent claudication.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Saxton
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Crescent Campus, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK.
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Nieto Y, Woods J, Nawaz F, Baron A, Jones RB, Shpall EJ, Nawaz S. Prognostic analysis of tumour angiogenesis, determined by microvessel density and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, in high-risk primary breast cancer patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 2007; 97:391-7. [PMID: 17609662 PMCID: PMC2360317 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to early breast cancer, the prognostic effect of tumour angiogenesis in tumours with advanced axillary spread has been less studied. We retrospectively analysed the effect of microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by immunohistochemistry on the outcome of 215 patients treated uniformly within prospective trials of high-dose chemotherapy for 4-9 and >/=10 positive nodes, and followed for a median of 9 (range 3-13) years. Microvessel density was associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression (P<0.001) and tumour size (P=0.001). Vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression (51% of patients) was associated with overexpression of EGFR (P=0.01) and HER2 (P<0.05), but not with MVD (P=0.3). High MVD was associated with worse relapse-free survival (74 vs 44%, P<0.001) and overall survival (76 vs 44%, P<0.001). Vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression had no effect on outcome. Multivariate analyses showed a prognostic effect of MVD independently of other known prognostic factors in this patient population. In conclusion, tumour angiogenesis, expressed as MVD, is a major independent prognostic factor in breast cancer patients with extensive axillary involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nieto
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Nieto Y, Woods J, Jones RB, Shpall EJ, Bearman SI, Baron AE, Nawaz S. Prognostic analysis of intratumor microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in high-risk primary breast cancer (HRPBC) patients (PTS) receiving high-dose chemotherapy (HDC). J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Nieto
- Clin Univ de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Univ of Colorado, Denver, CO; MD Anderson, Houston, TX; Rocky Mount Cancer Ctr, Denver, CO
| | - J. Woods
- Clin Univ de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Univ of Colorado, Denver, CO; MD Anderson, Houston, TX; Rocky Mount Cancer Ctr, Denver, CO
| | - R. B. Jones
- Clin Univ de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Univ of Colorado, Denver, CO; MD Anderson, Houston, TX; Rocky Mount Cancer Ctr, Denver, CO
| | - E. J. Shpall
- Clin Univ de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Univ of Colorado, Denver, CO; MD Anderson, Houston, TX; Rocky Mount Cancer Ctr, Denver, CO
| | - S. I. Bearman
- Clin Univ de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Univ of Colorado, Denver, CO; MD Anderson, Houston, TX; Rocky Mount Cancer Ctr, Denver, CO
| | - A. E. Baron
- Clin Univ de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Univ of Colorado, Denver, CO; MD Anderson, Houston, TX; Rocky Mount Cancer Ctr, Denver, CO
| | - S. Nawaz
- Clin Univ de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Univ of Colorado, Denver, CO; MD Anderson, Houston, TX; Rocky Mount Cancer Ctr, Denver, CO
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Robinson J, Nawaz S, Whitbread T, Beard JD. Prospective randomized multicentre double-blind placebo-controlled trial of the use of aprotonin in ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Br J Surg 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.2000.01420-21.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This study assessed whether the use of aprotonin affects the number of blood products transfused, and the morbidity and mortality rates associated with the repair of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).
Methods
Nine centres with local ethics committee approval for the trial were involved in the recruitment of 77 patients. A bolus of either 2 million units of aprotonin, followed by an infusion of 500 000 units every 30 min, or placebo, was prepared and aprotonin was administered to 38 patients, with 39 receiving the placebo. The number of blood products transfused during surgery and in the first 12 h after operation was noted, along with the incidence of complications, mortality rates and length of hospital stay. Analysis of the difference between blood product transfusion was by the Kruskal–Wallis test.
Results
Seventeen of the 38 patients receiving aprotonin and 17 of the 39 given placebo died within 30 days, with an overall mortality rate of 44 per cent. The median amount of blood given to the aprotonin group after operation was 1 (range 0–14) units, while for the placebo group it was 3 (range 0–13) units (P = 0·02). In the aprotonin group, ten patients developed renal failure and ten had respiratory complications. The corresponding figures for the placebo group were nine and 17 respectively. For survivors, the median hospital stay was 12 (range 7–33) days for the aprotonin group and 15 (range 8–52) days for the placebo group.
Conclusion
The use of high-dose aprotonin in ruptured AAA repair leads to less requirement for blood products. It does not appear to affect survival or the incidence of postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Robinson
- Sheffield Vascular Institute, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Nawaz
- Sheffield Vascular Institute, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - J D Beard
- Sheffield Vascular Institute, Sheffield, UK
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Nawaz S, Wilkinson CH, Walker RD, Pockley AG, Wood RFM. Putting your heart into walking further. Br J Surg 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.2000.01420-34.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Leg exercise training improves maximum walking distance (MWD) in claudicants, but it also causes neutrophil activation and may, as a consequence, elicit damage to the coronary circulation. It was hypothesized that symptomatic improvements induced by exercise programmes result from systemic cardiovascular effects rather than localized changes in the lower limb. The aim of this study was to develop an upper body training programme that would enhance cardiovascular fitness while avoiding potentially damaging inflammatory responses.
Methods
Sixty-three stable claudicants were recruited; all underwent arm and leg ergometry exercise assessments. Peripheral blood was obtained before and 1 h after exercise. The intensity (median channel of fluorescence; MCF) of neutrophil CD11b expression (as a measure of neutrophil activation) was determined using whole blood flow cytometry. Patients were randomized to an arm (n = 24) or leg (n = 24) training programme structured to achieve identical heart rate changes. Training involved two supervised sessions per week for 6 weeks. Controls undertook no exercise (n = 15). The MWD was determined at the beginning and end of training.
Results
Arm exercise had no effect on neutrophil expression of CD11b, whereas expression was significantly increased by leg exercise (Table). Arm and leg training increased the maximum work rate from 75 to 100 W (P = 0·004; Wilcoxon test) and there was a concomitant decrease in the submaximal heart rate (arm group 150 to 131 beats min−1; leg group 155 to 136 beats min−1; P = 0·002). These cardiovascular changes were accompanied by an increased MWD (Table). There were no changes in the control group.
Conclusion
Upper body training can increase walking distance in claudicants without neutrophil activation and maximizing cardiovascular fitness appears to be the key to improving symptoms in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nawaz
- Sheffield Vascular Institute, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - R D Walker
- Sheffield Vascular Institute, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - R F M Wood
- Sheffield Vascular Institute, Sheffield, UK
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Abstract
Ischaemia of the bowel may arise from a number of causes affecting the arterial and venous compartments of the vascular tree. This article addresses the causes and consequences of arterial obstruction, which may compromise the supply of oxygenated blood to the bowel. These events may occur as an acute phenomenon, or they may present in a chronic fashion. The therapeutic options available to treat this condition are largely dependent on the mode of presentation and the amount of time that is available before irreversible damage occurs to the bowel integrity. In the acute phase, the viability of the bowel is in doubt, and this necessitates an open operative approach to assess the amount of bowel infarction which has already occurred. A variety of operative procedures are then available to limit this bowel loss and to secure the viability of the remaining bowel. In the more chronic phase there are alternative, less invasive procedures that may be appropriate for the patient, who may have suffered a prolonged period of undernourishment and dehydration. In such cases the immediate bowel viability is not in doubt, but the medium/long-term survival is compromised. Treatment options appropriate to each clinical scenario are discussed, along with the major technical issues associated with these treatments. A team approach to the most appropriate management plan is stressed, and the published outcomes reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Cleveland
- Sheffield Vascular Institute, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
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