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Princepe D, Czarnobai S, Caetano RA, Marquitti FMD, de Aguiar MAM, Araujo SBL. Intermittent migration can induce pulses of speciation in a two-island system. Evolution 2024; 78:758-767. [PMID: 38064721 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Geographic barriers can come and go depending on natural conditions. These fluctuations cause population cycles of expansion and contraction, introducing intermittent migrations that may not hinder speciation but rather promote diversification. Here, we study a neutral 2-island speciation model with intermittent migration driven by sea-level fluctuations. Seabed depth modulates isolation and connection periods between the islands, with migration occurring during connection periods with a certain probability. Mating is restricted to genetically compatible individuals on the same island and offspring inherit genomes from both parents through recombination. We observe speciation pulses that would not occur under strict isolation or continuous migration, with infrequent, temporary increases in species richness happening at different times depending on the combination of geographic settings and migration probability. The resulting dynamic patterns of richness exhibit contrasting behavior between connected and isolated scenarios, often including species that do not persist. Prolonged isolation can reduce richness to 1 species per island, resembling patterns commonly associated with archipelagos under sea-level fluctuations. Together with other studies, our results in out-of-equilibrium populations support the relevance of investigating the impact of variable migration on diversification, particularly in regions of high diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Princepe
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Quantitative Life Sciences Section, The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Czarnobai
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Caetano
- Departamento de Física Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Flavia M D Marquitti
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcus A M de Aguiar
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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2
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Freitas O, Campos PRA, Araujo SBL. Patch biogeography under intermittent barriers: macroevolutionary consequences of microevolutionary processes. J Evol Biol 2024:voae035. [PMID: 38512341 DOI: 10.1093/jeb/voae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The processes that generate biodiversity start on a microevolutionary scale, where each individual's history can impact the species' history. This manuscript presents a theoretical study that examines the macroevolutionary patterns that emerge from the microevolutionary dynamics of populations inhabiting two patches. The model is neutral, meaning that neither survival nor reproduction depends on a fixed genotype, yet individuals must have minimal genetic similarity to reproduce. We used historical sea level oscillation over the past 800 thousand years to hypothesize periods when individuals could migrate from one patch to another. In our study, we keep track of each speciation and extinction event, build the complete and extant phylogenies, and characterize the macroevolutionary patterns regarding phylogeny balance, acceleration of speciation, and crown age. We also evaluate ecological patterns: richness, beta diversity, and species distribution symmetry. The balance of the complete phylogeny can be a sign of the speciation mode, contrasting speciation induced by migration and isolation (vicariance). The acceleration of the speciation process is also affected by the geographical barriers and the duration of the isolation period, with high isolation times leading to accelerated speciation. We report the correlation between ecological and macroevolutionary patterns and show it decreases with the time spent in isolation. We discuss, in light of our results, the challenge of integrating present-time community ecology with macroevolutionary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmar Freitas
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife-PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Paulo R A Campos
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife-PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Sabrina B L Araujo
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81531, Brazil
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3
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D'Bastiani E, Princepe D, Marquitti FMD, Boeger WA, Campião KM, Araujo SBL. Effect of Host-Switching on the Ecological and Evolutionary Patterns of Parasites. Syst Biol 2023; 72:912-924. [PMID: 37097763 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Speciation via host-switching is a macroevolutionary process that emerges from a microevolutionary dynamic where individual parasites switch hosts, establish a new association, and reduce reproductive contact with the original parasite lineage. Phylogenetic distance and geographic distribution of the hosts have been shown to be determinants of the capacity and opportunity of the parasite to change hosts. Although speciation via host-switching has been reported in many host-parasite systems, its dynamic on the individual, population and community levels is poorly understood. Here we propose a theoretical model to simulate parasite evolution considering host-switching events on the microevolutionary scale, taking into account the macroevolutionary history of the hosts, to evaluate how host-switching can affect ecological and evolutionary patterns of parasites in empirical communities at regional and local scales. In the model, parasite individuals can switch hosts under variable intensity and have their evolution driven by mutation and genetic drift. Mating is sexual and only individuals that are sufficiently similar can produce offspring. We assumed that parasite evolution occurs at the same evolutionary time scale as their hosts, and that the intensity of host-switching decreases as the host species differentiate. Ecological and evolutionary patterns were characterized by the turnover of parasite species among host species, and parasite evolutionary tree imbalance respectively. We found a range of host-switching intensity that reproduces ecological and evolutionary patterns observed in empirical communities. Our results showed that turnover decreased as host-switching intensity increased, with low variation among the model replications. On the other hand, tree imbalance showed wide variation and non-monotonic tendency. We concluded that tree imbalance was sensitive to stochastic events, whereas turnover may be a good indicator of host-switching. We found that local communities corresponded to higher host-switching intensity when compared to regional communities, highlighting that spatial scale is a limitation for host-switching. [Dispersal of parasites, opportunity and capacity of interaction, phylogenetic conservatism, and community structure.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira D'Bastiani
- Laboratório de Interações Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR-Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Débora Princepe
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP-Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Flavia M D Marquitti
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP-Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP-Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Walter A Boeger
- Laboratório de Interações Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR-Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR-Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Karla M Campião
- Laboratório de Interações Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR-Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR-Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Sabrina B L Araujo
- Laboratório de Interações Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR-Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR-Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
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4
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Trivellone V, B. L. Araujo S, Panassiti B. HostSwitch: An R Package to Simulate the Extent of Host-Switching by a Consumer. The R Journal 2023. [DOI: 10.32614/rj-2023-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Princepe D, Czarnobai S, Pradella TM, Caetano RA, Marquitti FMD, de Aguiar MAM, Araujo SBL. Diversity patterns and speciation processes in a two-island system with continuous migration. Evolution 2022; 76:2260-2271. [PMID: 36036483 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Geographic isolation is a central mechanism of speciation, but perfect isolation of populations is rare. Although speciation can be hindered if gene flow is large, intermediate levels of migration can enhance speciation by introducing genetic novelty in the semi-isolated populations or founding small communities of migrants. Here, we consider a two-island neutral model of speciation with continuous migration and study diversity patterns as a function of the migration probability, population size, and number of genes involved in reproductive isolation (dubbed as genome size). For small genomes, low levels of migration induce speciation on the islands that otherwise would not occur. Diversity, however, drops sharply to a single species inhabiting both islands as the migration probability increases. For large genomes, sympatric speciation occurs even when the islands are strictly isolated. Then species richness per island increases with the probability of migration, but the total number of species decreases as they become cosmopolitan. For each genome size, there is an optimal migration intensity for each population size that maximizes the number of species. We discuss the observed modes of speciation induced by migration and how they increase species richness in the insular system while promoting asymmetry between the islands and hindering endemism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Princepe
- Instituto de Física 'Gleb Wataghin', Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brasil
| | - Simone Czarnobai
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Thiago M Pradella
- Instituto de Física 'Gleb Wataghin', Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo A Caetano
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Flavia M D Marquitti
- Instituto de Física 'Gleb Wataghin', Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brasil.,Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brasil
| | - Marcus A M de Aguiar
- Instituto de Física 'Gleb Wataghin', Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brasil
| | - Sabrina B L Araujo
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
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6
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Perez DM, Klunk CL, Araujo SBL. Imperfect synchrony in animal displays: why does it occur and what is the true role of leadership? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200339. [PMID: 34420387 PMCID: PMC8384059 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchrony can be defined as the precise coordination between independent individuals, and this behaviour is more enigmatic when it is imperfect. The traditional theoretical explanation for imperfect synchronous courtship is that it arises as a by-product of the competition between males to broadcast leading signals to attract female attention. This competition is considered an evolutionary stable strategy maintained through sexual selection. However, previous studies have revealed that leading signals are not honest indicators of male quality. We studied imperfect courtship synchrony in fiddler crabs to mainly test whether (i) signal leadership and rate are defined by male quality and (ii) signal leadership generates synchrony. Fiddler crab males wave their enlarged claws during courtship, and females prefer leading males-displaying ahead of their neighbour(s). We filmed groups of waving males in the field to detect how often individuals were leaders and if they engaged in synchrony. Overall, we found that courtship effort is not directly related to male size, a general proxy for quality. Contrary to the long-standing assumption, we also revealed that leadership is not directly related to group synchrony, but faster wave rate correlates with both leadership and synchrony. This article is part of the theme issue 'Synchrony and rhythm interaction: from the brain to behavioural ecology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M. Perez
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Parana 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Cristian L. Klunk
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Parana 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Sabrina B. L. Araujo
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Biological Interactions, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Parana 81531-990, Brazil
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7
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Perez DM, Crisigiovanni EL, Pie MR, Rorato AC, Lopes SR, Araujo SBL. Ecology and signal structure drive the evolution of synchronous displays. Evolution 2019; 74:434-446. [PMID: 31503329 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Animal synchrony is found in phylogenetically distant animal groups, indicating behavioral adaptations to different selective pressures and in different signaling modalities. A notable example of synchronous display is found in fiddler crabs in that males wave their single enlarged claw during courtship. They present species-specific signals, which are composed of distinctive movement signatures. Given that synchronous waving has been reported for several fiddler crab species, the display pattern could influence the ability of a given species to sufficiently adjust wave timing to allow for synchrony. In this study, we quantified the wave displays of fiddler crabs to predict their synchronous behavior. We combined this information with the group's phylogenetic relationships to trace the evolution of display synchrony in an animal taxon. We found no phylogenetic signal in interspecific variation in predicted wave synchrony, which mirrors the general nonphylogenetic pattern of synchrony across animal taxa. Interestingly, our analyses show that the phenomenon of synchronization stems from the peculiarities of display pattern, mating systems, and the complexity of microhabitats. This is the first study to combine mathematical simulations and phylogenetic comparative methods to reveal how ecological factors and the mechanics of animal signals affect the evolution of the synchronous phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Perez
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Enzo L Crisigiovanni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil.,Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531, Brazil
| | - Marcio R Pie
- Departamento de Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531, Brazil
| | - Ana C Rorato
- Earth System Science Center, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, 12227, Brazil
| | - Sergio R Lopes
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531, Brazil
| | - Sabrina B L Araujo
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531, Brazil.,Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Interações, Biological Interactions, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531, Brazil
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Braga MP, Araujo SBL, Agosta S, Brooks D, Hoberg E, Nylin S, Janz N, Boeger WA. Host use dynamics in a heterogeneous fitness landscape generates oscillations in host range and diversification. Evolution 2018; 72:1773-1783. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P. Braga
- Department of Zoology Stockholm University 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Salvatore Agosta
- Center for Environmental Studies and Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia 23284
| | - Daniel Brooks
- Institute for Advanced Studies Kőszeg, Europe House, Kőszeg Chernel st. 14 H‐9730 Hungary
| | - Eric Hoberg
- US National Parasite Collection, US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Maryland 20705
| | - Sören Nylin
- Department of Zoology Stockholm University 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Niklas Janz
- Department of Zoology Stockholm University 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Walter A. Boeger
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Evolutionary Parasitology, Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba PR 81531 Brazil
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9
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Araujo SBL, Braga MP, Brooks DR, Agosta SJ, Hoberg EP, von Hartenthal FW, Boeger WA. Understanding Host-Switching by Ecological Fitting. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139225. [PMID: 26431199 PMCID: PMC4592216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that parasites are highly specialized with respect to their hosts, empirical evidence demonstrates that host switching rather than co-speciation is the dominant factor influencing the diversification of host-parasite associations. Ecological fitting in sloppy fitness space has been proposed as a mechanism allowing ecological specialists to host-switch readily. That proposal is tested herein using an individual-based model of host switching. The model considers a parasite species exposed to multiple host resources. Through time host range expansion can occur readily without the prior evolution of novel genetic capacities. It also produces non-linear variation in the size of the fitness space. The capacity for host colonization is strongly influenced by propagule pressure early in the process and by the size of the fitness space later. The simulations suggest that co-adaptation may be initiated by the temporary loss of less fit phenotypes. Further, parasites can persist for extended periods in sub-optimal hosts, and thus may colonize distantly related hosts by a "stepping-stone" process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina B. L. Araujo
- Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular e Parasitologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19073, Curitiba, PR 81531–980, Brazil
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19044, Curitiba, PR 81531–980, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pires Braga
- Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular e Parasitologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19073, Curitiba, PR 81531–980, Brazil
| | - Daniel R. Brooks
- Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular e Parasitologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19073, Curitiba, PR 81531–980, Brazil
| | - Salvatore J. Agosta
- Center for Environmental Studies and Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Eric P. Hoberg
- US National Parasite Collection, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, BARC East No. 1180, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Francisco W. von Hartenthal
- Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Caixa Postal 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531–990, Brazil
| | - Walter A. Boeger
- Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular e Parasitologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19073, Curitiba, PR 81531–980, Brazil
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Araujo SBL, Viswanathan GM, de Aguiar MAM. Home range evolution and its implication in population outbreaks. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2010; 368:5661-5677. [PMID: 21078641 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2010.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the phenomenon of population outbreaks in a spatial predator-prey model, and we found that pattern formation and outbreaks occur if the predators have a limited neighbourhood of interaction with the preys. The outbreaks can display a scale-invariant power-law tail, indicating self-organized criticality. We have also studied the system from an evolutionary point of view, where the predator home range is a hereditary trait subjected to mutations. We found that mutation drives the predator home range area to an optimal value where pattern formation and outbreaks are still present, but the latter are much less frequent. We developed analytical approximations using mean field and pair correlation techniques that indicate that the predation strategy is crucial for existence of this optimal home range area.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B L Araujo
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6165, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Araujo SBL, de Aguiar MAM. Synchronization and stability in noisy population dynamics. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2008; 77:022903. [PMID: 18352073 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.77.022903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We study the stability and synchronization of predator-prey populations subjected to noise. The system is described by patches of local populations coupled by migration and predation over a neighborhood. When a single patch is considered, random perturbations tend to destabilize the populations, leading to extinction. If the number of patches is small, stabilization in the presence of noise is maintained at the expense of synchronization. As the number of patches increases, both the stability and the synchrony among patches increase. However, a residual asynchrony, large compared with the noise amplitude, seems to persist even in the limit of an infinite number of patches. Therefore, the mechanism of stabilization by asynchrony recently proposed by Abta [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 098104 (2007)], combining noise, diffusion, and nonlinearities, seems to be more general than first proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina B L Araujo
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6165, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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