1
|
Alhazzani A, Alajlan FS, Alkhathaami AM, Al-Senani FM, Muayqil TA, Alghamdi SA, AlKawi A, AlZahrani S, Bakheet M, Aljohani M, Taher N, Almutairi A, AlQarni M, Alsalman S, Alqahtani SA, Almansour N, Abukhamsin L, Mouminah A, Almodarra N, Mohamed G, Almodhy M, Albogumi E, Alzawahmah M, Alreshaid A, Akhtar N, Hussain MS, Albers GW, Shuaib A. Stroke and high-risk TIA outcomes with reduction of treatment duration when treatment initiated in emergency rooms (SHORTER-study). Int J Stroke 2024:17474930241237120. [PMID: 38395748 DOI: 10.1177/17474930241237120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following transient ischemic attack (TIA) and minor stroke, the risk of recurrent stroke can be significantly reduced with short-duration dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). We wish to investigate whether 10 days of DAPT is as effective as 21 days' treatment. STUDY DESIGN This is an open-label, randomized, parallel-group study comparing whether 10 days of DAPT treatment (ASA + clopidogrel) is non-inferior to 21 days of DAPT in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or high-risk TIA. In both groups, DAPT is started within 24 hours of symptom onset. This study is being conducted in approximately 15 study sites in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The planned sample size is 1932. OUTCOMES Non-inferiority of 10 days compared to 21 days of DAPT in the prevention of the composite endpoint of stroke and death at 90 days in AIS/TIA patients. The primary safety outcome is major intra-cranial and systemic hemorrhage. STUDY PERIOD Enrolment started in the second quarter of 2023, and the completion of the study is expected in the fourth quarter of 2025. DISCUSSION The trial is expected to show that 10 days of DAPT is non-inferior for the prevention of early recurrence of vascular events in patients with high-risk TIAs and minor strokes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Alhazzani
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad S Alajlan
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Alkhathaami
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Taim A Muayqil
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed A Alghamdi
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar AlKawi
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed AlZahrani
- King Fahad General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Nouran Taher
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mustafa AlQarni
- King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadiq Alsalman
- King Fahad Hospital Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Amr Mouminah
- King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehal Almodarra
- National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal Mohamed
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal Almodhy
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eid Albogumi
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alshamrani F, Alnajashi H, AlJumah M, Almuaigel M, Almalik Y, Makkawi S, Alsalman S, Almejally M, Qureshi S, Aljarallah S, AlKhawajah N, Kedah H, Alotaibi H, Saeedi J, Alamri A. Registry of patients with multiple sclerosis and COVID-19 infection in Saudi Arabia. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 52:103004. [PMID: 34049217 PMCID: PMC8103739 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread and developed as a pandemic threatening global health. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)–an autoimmune demyelinating inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS)–are predominantly treated with immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), which can increase the risk of infection. Therefore, there is concern that these patients may have a higher risk of COVID-19. In response to growing concerns of neurologists and patients, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, severity, and possible complications of COVID-19 infection in patients with MS in Saudi Arabia (SA). Methods In this prospective cohort study, demographic and clinical data were obtained from patients residing in SA with MS who had a positive result for COVID-19 per reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test or viral gene sequencing, using respiratory or plasma samples. Comparison of COVID-19 severity groups was performed using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test for numerical variables and Chi-squared test for categorical variables. Results Seventy patients with MS and COVID-19 (71% female) were included in this analysis. Of the 53 (75.7%) patients receiving a DMT at the time of COVID-19 infection, the most frequently used DMTs were fingolimod (25%) and interferon-beta (25%). Nine (13%) patients had MS relapse and were treated with intravenous methylprednisolone in the four weeks before COVID-19 infection. The most common symptoms at the peak of COVID-19 infection were fever (46%), fatigue (37%), and headache (36%). Symptoms lasted for a mean duration of 8.7 days; all symptomatic patients recovered and no deaths were reported. COVID-19 severity was categorized in three groups: asymptomatic (n = 12), mild–not requiring hospitalization (n = 48), and requiring hospitalization (n = 10; two of whom were admitted to the intensive care unit [ICU]). Between the three groups, comparison of age, body mass index , Expanded Disability Severity Score , MS disease duration, and DMT use at the time of infection showed no significant differences. A higher percentage of patients who were admitted to hospital or the ICU (40%; p = 0.026) presented with an MS relapse within the prior four weeks compared with those who were asymptomatic or had a mild infection (both 8.3%). Conclusion These findings present a reassuring picture regarding COVID-19 infection in patients with MS. However, patients with MS who have had a relapse in the preceding four weeks (requiring glucocorticoid treatment) may have an increased risk of severe COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Foziah Alshamrani
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | - Mohammad Almuaigel
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser Almalik
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seraj Makkawi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jameelah Saeedi
- King Abdullah Abdulla Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulla Alamri
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zafar A, Shahid R, Nazish S, Aljaafari D, Alkhamis FA, Alsalman S, Msmar AH, Abbasi B, Alsulaiman AA, Alabdali M. Nonadherence to Antiepileptic Medications: Still a Major Issue to be Addressed in the Management of Epilepsy. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2019; 10:106-112. [PMID: 30765980 PMCID: PMC6337980 DOI: 10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_136_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Medication nonadherence is a significant barrier in achieving seizure freedom in patients with epilepsy. There is a deficiency of data about the reasons for nonadherence in Saudi population. Aims: The aim of this study is to prove the existence of nonadherence to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in patients with epilepsy and identify the responsible factors. Setting and Design: This is a prospective, cross-sectional study carried in the Department of Neurology at King Fahd Hospital of the University affiliated with Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. Subjects and Methods: Patients of all ages diagnosed to have epilepsy as mentioned in their medical record and taking antiepileptic medications were interviewed using a questionnaire. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Statistical significance was defined as two-tailed with a P ≤ 0.05. Results: Among 152 participants, 52.6% were male and 47.4% were female. Mean age of the patients was 28 ± 14.3 (mean ± standard deviation) years. Of 152 patients, 48.7% were found to be nonadherent to their AED therapy. The most commonly identified factor was forgetfulness. Nonadherence was significantly associated with poor seizure control (P = 0.002). Conclusion: Nonadherence to the AED is common among patients with epilepsy and affects seizure control adversely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azra Zafar
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwana Shahid
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saima Nazish
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Danah Aljaafari
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd Ali Alkhamis
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadiq Alsalman
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir H Msmar
- Department of Research Statistical Support, Deanship of Scientific Research, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Badaruddin Abbasi
- Department of Research Ethics, Deanship of Scientific Research, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulla A Alsulaiman
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alabdali
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|