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Boccuto F, Carabetta N, Cacia MA, Kanagala SG, Panuccio G, Torella D, De Rosa S. Clinical impact of cerebral protection during transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14166. [PMID: 38269600 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embolization of debris can complicate transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) causing stroke. Cerebral embolism protection (CEP) devices can divert or trap debris. PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of CEP during TAVI vs the standard procedure. DATA SOURCES PubMed, SCOPUS and DOAJ 1/01/2014-04/12/2023. STUDY SELECTION Randomized and observational studies comparing CEP versus standard TAVI, according to PRISMA. PRIMARY OUTCOME stroke. SECONDARY OUTCOMES death, bleeding, vascular access complications, acute kidney injury and infarct area. DATA EXTRACTION Two investigators independently assessed study quality and extracted data. DATA SYNTHESIS Twenty-six articles were included (540.247 patients). The primary endpoint was significantly lower (RR = 0.800 95%CI:0.682-0.940; p = 0.007) with CEP. Similarly, death rates were significantly lower with CEP (RR = 0.610 95%CI:0.482-0.771; p < 0.001). No difference was found for bleeding (RR = 1.053 95%CI:0.793-1.398; p = 0.721), vascular complications (RR = 0.937 95%CI:0.820-1.070; p = 0.334) or AKI (RR = 0.982 95%CI:0.754-1.279; p = 0.891). CONCLUSIONS Use of CEP during TAVI is associated with improved outcomes. Future studies will identify patients who benefit most from CEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Boccuto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicole Carabetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Antonio Cacia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sai Gautham Kanagala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giuseppe Panuccio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Torella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Rosa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
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2
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Goyal A, Abbasi FQ, Tariq MD, Kanagala SG, Changez MIK, Safi D, Basit J, Sulaiman SA, Marsool MDM, Daoud M, Sohail AH. Efficacy and outcomes of antiplatelet therapy versus oral anticoagulants in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:2911-2925. [PMID: 38694361 PMCID: PMC11060210 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recent guidelines suggest that antiplatelet therapy (APT) is the standard of care in the absence of long-term oral anticoagulation (OAC) indications in patients post-transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The superiority of one method over the other remains controversial. Materials and methods Several databases, including MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and EMBASE, were electronically searched. The primary endpoint was the all-cause mortality (ACM) rate. Secondary endpoints included cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke/TIA, haemorrhagic stroke, bleeding events, systemic embolism, and valve thrombosis in post-TAVR patients receiving APT and oral anticoagulants (OACs). Forest plots were generated using Review Manager version 5.4, with a p value less than 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Subgroup analysis was performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Results Twelve studies were selected. No significant differences were observed in APT and OAC group for ACM [risk ratio (RR): 0.67; 95% CI:0.45-1.01; P=0.05], cardiovascular death [RR:0.91; 95% CI:0.73-1.14; P=0.42], MI [RR:1.69; 95% CI:0.43-6.72; P=0.46], Stroke/TIA [RR:0.79; 95% CI:0.58-1.06; P=0.12], ischaemic stroke [RR:0.83; 95% CI:0.50-1.37; P=0.47], haemorrhagic stroke [RR:1.08; 95% CI: 0.23-5.15; P=0.92], major bleeding [RR:0.79; 95% CI:0.51-1.21; P=0.28], minor bleeding [RR:1.09; 95% CI: 0.80-1.47; P=0.58], life-threatening bleeding [RR:0.85; 95% CI:0.55-1.30; P=0.45], any bleeding [RR:0.98; 95% CI:0.83-1.15; P=0.78], and systemic embolism [RR:0.87; 95% CI:0.44-1.70; P=0.68]. The risk of valve thrombosis was higher in patients receiving APT than in those receiving OAC [RR:2.61; 95% CI:1.56-4.36; P =0.0002]. Conclusions Although the risk of valve thrombosis increased in patients receiving APT, the risk of other endpoints was comparable between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Goyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Darsh Safi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Jawad Basit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi
| | - Samia Aziz Sulaiman
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Mohamed Daoud
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Amir H. Sohail
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuqurque, NM
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Jaiswal V, Ang SP, Deb N, Hanif M, Batra N, Kanagala SG, Vojjala N, Rajak K, Roy P, Sharath M, Waleed MS, Wajid Z, Mattumpuram J. Association between Statin Use and Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Meta-Analysis. Medicina (Kaunas) 2024; 60:580. [PMID: 38674227 PMCID: PMC11052115 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy-induced cardiac dysfunction (CIC) is a significant and concerning complication observed among cancer patients. Despite the demonstrated cardioprotective benefits of statins in various cardiovascular diseases, their effectiveness in mitigating CIC remains uncertain. Objective: This meta-analysis aims to comprehensively evaluate the potential cardioprotective role of statins in patients with CIC. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases to identify relevant articles published from inception until 10th May 2023. The outcomes were assessed using pooled odds ratio (OR) for categorical data and mean difference (MD) for continuous data, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results: This meta-analysis comprised nine studies involving a total of 5532 patients, with 1904 in the statin group and 3628 in the non-statin group. The pooled analysis of primary outcome shows that patients who did not receive statin suffer a greater decline in the LVEF after chemotherapy compared to those who receive statin (MD, 3.55 (95% CI: 1.04-6.05), p = 0.01). Likewise, we observed a significantly higher final mean LVEF among chemotherapy patients with statin compared to the non-statin group of patients (MD, 2.08 (95% CI: 0.86-3.30), p > 0.001). Additionally, there was a lower risk of incident heart failure in the statin group compared to the non-statin group of patients (OR, 0.41 (95% CI: 0.27-0.62), p < 0.001). Lastly, the change in the mean difference for LVEDV was not statistically significant between the statin and non-statin groups (MD, 1.55 (95% CI: -5.22-8.33), p = 0.65). Conclusion: Among patients of CIC, statin use has shown cardioprotective benefits by improving left ventricular function and reducing the risk of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Jaiswal
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL 33143, USA
| | - Song Peng Ang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers Health/Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ 08755, USA
| | - Novonil Deb
- North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Darjeeling 734012, West Bengal, India
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Internal Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Nitya Batra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA
| | - Sai Gautham Kanagala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nikhil Vojjala
- Internal Medicine Department, Trinity Health Oakland/Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48341, USA
| | - Kripa Rajak
- Department of Internal Medicine, UPMC Harrisburgh, 111 S Front St., Harrisburg, PA 17101, USA
| | - Poulami Roy
- North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Darjeeling 734012, West Bengal, India
| | - Medha Sharath
- Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Kalasipalya, Bengaluru 560002, Karnataka, India
| | - Madeeha Subhan Waleed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lower Bucks Hospital, Bristo, 501 Bath Rd., Bristol, PA 19007, USA
| | - Zarghoona Wajid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jishanth Mattumpuram
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Aggarwal K, Singh S, Singla A, Kanagala SG, Anamika F, Singh B, Aggarwal P, Jain R. Unveiling the Silent Intruder: H. pylori's Hidden Link to Ischemic Heart Disease. Cardiol Rev 2024:00045415-990000000-00227. [PMID: 38445894 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death. In addition to the well-known risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease, such as age, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hypertension, and obesity, there has been a growing concern regarding cardiac complications stemming from the Gram-negative bacteria Helicobacter pylori. While H. pylori is most commonly associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric lymphoma, it has also been implicated in extra gastric manifestations, encompassing cardiac, neurologic, ocular, and dermatologic issues. Key virulent factors for coronary artery disease include the vacuolating cytotoxin gene A and the cytotoxin-associated gene A. The most likely pathogenic mechanism of the relationship between H. pylori and coronary artery disease is initiating a chronic inflammatory process associated with infection and the modifications of classic risk factors. These alterations lead to the creation of prothrombotic and procoagulant environments. Here, we review the cardiac manifestations of H. pylori and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishk Aggarwal
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Internal Medicine
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ankur Singla
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Fnu Anamika
- Department of Internal Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Amritsar, India
| | - Priyanka Aggarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science & Research, Mullana, Haryana, India
| | - Rohit Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
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Sebastian SA, Co EL, Kanagala SG, Padda I, Sethi Y, Johal G. Metabolic surgery in improving arterial health in obese individuals. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102359. [PMID: 38128633 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Arterial stiffness has gained recognition as a stand-alone risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Obesity is intricately linked to elevated arterial stiffness, the development of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, and the emergence of diastolic dysfunction, all of which collectively contribute substantially to an unfavorable prognosis. Weight loss has become a standard recommendation for all patients with CVD concurrent with morbid obesity; however, randomized evidence to support this recommendation was limited earlier. The latest scientific studies revealed dynamic changes in aortic stiffness after substantial weight loss by bariatric surgery, also known as metabolic surgery, in patients with obesity. There is also a favorable evolution in LV hypertrophy and a significant impact on arterial hypertension and other promising cardiovascular outcomes in obese people after bariatric surgery. METHODS/RESULTS We aimed to examine the cardiovascular effects of various metabolic surgeries in morbidly obese individuals, especially their role in improving arterial health, the potential impact on surrogate markers of atherosclerotic vascular disease, and consequently reducing the likelihood of cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION In conclusion, metabolic surgery is associated with a significant decrease in the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality among obese individuals, alongside remarkable enhancement of arterial health. These findings underscore the critical importance of implementing strategies to combat obesity and reduce adiposity within the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edzel Lorraine Co
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Manila, Philippines
| | - Sai Gautham Kanagala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, United States
| | - Inderbir Padda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Richmond University Medical Center/Mount Sinai, Staten Island, New York, United States
| | - Yashendra Sethi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Government Doon Medical College, HNB Uttarakhand Medical Education University, Dehradun, India
| | - Gurpreet Johal
- Department of Cardiology, University of Washington, Valley Medical Center, Seattle, United States
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Verma A, Anand A, Kanagala SG, Satapathy P, Gaidhane AM, Zahiruddin QS. Addressing the Multifaceted Challenge of Salmonella: Comprehensive Analysis of a Recent Outbreak and Future Strategies. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024; 36:299-300. [PMID: 38345006 DOI: 10.1177/10105395241230745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Amogh Verma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Hapur, India
| | - Ayush Anand
- BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Sai Gautham Kanagala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prakasini Satapathy
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, AL-Mustaqbal University, 51001 Hillah, Babil, Iraq
| | - Abhay M Gaidhane
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Global Health Academy, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India
| | - Quazi Syed Zahiruddin
- South Asia Infant Feeding Research Network (SAIFRN), Division of Evidence Synthesis, Global Consortium of Public Health and Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India
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7
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Sheth P, Mehta F, Jangid G, Anamika FNU, Singh B, Kanagala SG, Jain R. The Rising Use of E-Cigarettes: Unveiling the Health Risks and Controversies. Cardiol Rev 2024:00045415-990000000-00217. [PMID: 38385663 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The use of e-cigarettes has tremendously increased in recent times due to the widespread availability of e-cigarettes in diverse flavors, reduced cost compared to regular cigarettes, and misconception of being comparatively safe, which have led to around 2.55 million US middle and high school students smoking e-cigarettes. These devices use a nicotine-rich liquid, which is aerosolized electronically, producing vapors that may also include hazardous chemicals and heavy metals. E-cigarettes are associated with e-cigarette or vaping-associated lung injury, which presents as an acute respiratory ailment mirroring various pulmonary diseases. Additionally, it causes endothelial dysfunction, alters blood lipid profile by elevating circulating levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, increases sympathetic tone, and is found to correlate with arterial stiffening, hence negatively affecting respiratory, cardiovascular, and overall health. We aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of the data on e-cigarettes and their harmful effects on health in comparison to conventional cigarette use by highlighting the pathophysiology of e-cigarette-induced adverse effects and critically analyzing the data both in favor and against its use. Our review concludes that no matter how much nicotine an e-cigarette contains, evidence shows that using it increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, albeit maybe not as much as smoking regular tobacco. Nonetheless, it is crucial to note that the long-term effects of e-cigarette usage are still not fully understood, and existing data have provided opposing viewpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Sheth
- From the Internal Medicine, Smt. NHL Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Fena Mehta
- From the Internal Medicine, Smt. NHL Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Gurusha Jangid
- Internal Medicine, Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College, Jodhpur, India
| | - F N U Anamika
- Internal Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | | | - Rohit Jain
- Internal Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
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Fatima L, Goyal A, Yakkali S, Jain H, Raza FA, Peer T, Kanagala SG, Sohail AH, Malik J. Precision medicine in Myocardial Infarction With Non-obstructive Coronary Disease (MINOCA): A comprehensive review. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102185. [PMID: 37925046 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, particularly myocardial infarction (MI), are a significant cause of mortality globally. Traditional MIs are commonly linked to substantial coronary artery blockage. However, a distinct subset of patients experience MI with non-obstructive coronary arteries, known as MINOCA. Imaging techniques, such as invasive coronary angiograms, are employed to diagnose MI or assess predisposition to one. Coronary angiograms help visualize vessel blockages; however, these blockages are absent in MINOCA cases, posing a diagnostic challenge. Precision medicine aims to introduce new diagnostic tools to assist in early diagnosis and further management of MINOCA. As percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) does not benefit MINOCA patients, medical management tailored to the specific pathophysiological mechanism of MINOCA is employed. For example, if MINOCA is attributed to plaque disruption with or without plaque thrombus formation, the fundamental treatments may include statins, agents that modulate the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and antiplatelet therapies. On the other hand, if coronary artery spasm is identified as the primary cause, essential intervention involves the use of calcium channel blockers. This approach has been previously utilized in patients with vasospastic angina and could be utilized in MINOCA, although research specific to MINOCA is ongoing. Therefore, the handling of MINOCA underscores the necessity for a tailored therapeutic strategy that corresponds to the underlying physiological mechanism responsible for the patient's clinical symptoms. Ongoing research initiatives are directed at expanding the availability of these treatments, uncovering new biomarkers, creating advanced diagnostic instruments, and establishing a more individualized approach for managing MINOCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laveeza Fatima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Aman Goyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Shreyas Yakkali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Hritvik Jain
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)-Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Fatima Ali Raza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Taha Peer
- Undergraduate student, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), California, LA, USA
| | - Sai Gautham Kanagala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metropolitan Hospital Center, NY, New York, USA
| | - Amir H Sohail
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jahanzeb Malik
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Goyal A, Jain H, Verma A, Jain J, Shamim U, Kanagala SG, Motwani J, Dey RC, Chunawala Z, Sohail AH, Belur AD. The role of renal denervation in cardiology and beyond: An updated comprehensive review and future directives. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102196. [PMID: 37952794 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Renal denervation (RDN) is a minimally invasive intervention performed by denervation of the nervous fibers in the renal plexus, which decreases sympathetic activity. These sympathetic nerves influence various physiological functions that regulate blood pressure (BP), including intravascular volume, electrolyte composition, and vascular tone. Although proven effective in some trials, controversial trials, such as the Controlled Trial of Renal Denervation for Resistant Hypertension (SYMPLICITY-HTN3), have demonstrated contradictory results for the effectiveness of RDN in resistant hypertension (HTN). In the treatment of HTN, individuals with primary HTN are expected to experience greater benefits compared to those with secondary HTN due to the diverse underlying causes of secondary HTN. Beyond its application for HTN, RDN has also found utility in addressing cardiac arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, and managing cases of heart failure. Non-cardiogenic applications of RDN include reducing the intensity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), overcoming insulin resistance, and in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of RDN and its uses in cardiology and beyond, along with providing future directions and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Goyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Hritvik Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amogh Verma
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Hapur, India
| | - Jyoti Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Urooj Shamim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sai Gautham Kanagala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metropolitan Hospital Center, NY, New York, United States
| | - Jatin Motwani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rohit Chandra Dey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Altai State Medical University, Barnaul, Altai Krai, Russia
| | - Zainali Chunawala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Amir H Sohail
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Agastya D Belur
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.
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Jaiswal V, Taha AM, Joshi A, Deb N, Kanagala SG, Nebuwa C, Ang SP, Halder A, Rajak K, Jha M, Pallath Harshakumar S, Mattumpuram J. Implantable cardioverter defibrillators for primary prevention in patients with ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy: A meta-analysis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102198. [PMID: 37952790 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) are one of the leading causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Evidence supporting Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) for the prevention of SCD and mortality has shown conflicting results to date. OBJECTIVE We aim to evaluate the impact of ICD therapy with conventional care for the primary prevention of death of various causes in adults with ICM and NICM. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search on the electronic database for relevant articles from inception until 30th May 2023. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated using a random effect model, and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 13 randomized controlled trials involving 7857 patients were included in the study. Pooled analysis showed that ICD therapy was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of all-cause mortality (OR, 0.69 (95%CI:0.55-0.87), P = 0.001), with a similar trend among ICM and NICM compared with the control group. ICD therapy also reduces the incidence of SCD (OR, 0.32(95%CI: 0.24-0.43), P<0.00001) with a similar trend in ICM and NICM, as well as death due to arrhythmia (OR, 0.35(95%CI: 0.19-0.64), P<0.001). However, the incidence of cardiovascular mortality in the ICD group (OR, 0.77(95%CI: 0.58-1.02), P=0.07) was comparable to the control group. CONCLUSION ICD therapy was associated with a reduction in the incidence of all-cause mortality, sudden cardiac death, and death due to arrhythmia among ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Jaiswal
- Department of Cardiology Research, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Amey Joshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan State University-Sparrow Hospital, United States
| | - Novonil Deb
- North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, India
| | - Sai Gautham Kanagala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metropolitan Hospital Center, NY, New York, United States
| | - Chikodili Nebuwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nuvance Health, Poughkeepsie, NewYork, United States
| | - Song Peng Ang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers Health/Community Medical Center, New Jersey, United States
| | - Anupam Halder
- Department of Internal Medicine, UPMC Harrisburg, PA, United States
| | - Kripa Rajak
- Department of Internal Medicine, UPMC Harrisburg, PA, United States
| | - Mayank Jha
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Government Medical College, Surat, India
| | | | - Jishanth Mattumpuram
- Division of Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, KY 40202, United States.
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Aggarwal K, Boyapati SP, Valecha J, Noor A, Kanwal F, Jain R, Kanagala SG. Arrhythmias and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Unravelling the Connection. Curr Cardiol Rev 2024; 20:CCR-EPUB-137835. [PMID: 38279754 DOI: 10.2174/011573403x279223231227111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) results from gene mutations affecting cardiac sarcomeres and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. With a prevalence of 1:200-1:500 in the general population, HCM is characterised by a hypertrophied and non-dilated left ventricle with predominant involvement of the interventricular septum. The myocardium's structural and intracellular factors, combined with triggers such as physical exertion, autonomic dysfunction, and ischemia, can lead to reentry events, and atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation (AF) which is common among HCM patients. To manage the increased risk of mortality arising from congestive heart failure and thromboembolism, in patients with AF long-term anticoagulation and antiarrhythmic drugs are employed. HCM patients may also encounter supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, such as nonsustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular premature beats, which can potentially lead to sudden cardiac death and necessitate treatment with implanted defibrillators. Physicians must comprehensively analyse clinical, anatomical, hemodynamic, rhythmic, functional, and genetic characteristics to identify HCM patients at high risk of sudden death. This article aims to discuss the pathophysiology of arrhythmia in HCM and clinical recommendations for various ventricular and atrial fibrillation including catheter ablation and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amna Noor
- Services Hospital Center, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Rohit Jain
- Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Shaik T, Bhavsar J, Garg S, Gupta V, Kanagala SG, Jain R. The cardio-oncology continuum: Bridging the gap between cancer and cardiovascular care. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2024; 2024:e202409. [PMID: 38404658 PMCID: PMC10886845 DOI: 10.21542/gcsp.2024.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer and cardiovascular disease are two of the leading causes of death worldwide. Although cancer has historically been viewed as a condition characterized by abnormal cell growth and proliferation, it is now recognized that cancer can lead to a variety of cardiovascular diseases. This is due to the direct impact of cancer on the heart and blood vessels, which can cause myocarditis, pericarditis, and vasculitis. Additionally, cancer patients frequently experience systemic effects such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation, which can contribute to the development of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. It is important to closely monitor patients with cancer, especially those undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy, for cardiovascular risk factors and promptly address them. This article aims to explore the clinical implications of the underlying mechanisms connecting cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Our analysis highlights the need for improved cooperation between oncologists and cardiologists, and specialized treatment for cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Shaik
- Avalon University School of Medicine, Willemstad, Curacao
| | - Jill Bhavsar
- Government Medical College Baroda, Gujarat, India
| | - Shreya Garg
- Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Punjab, India
| | - Vasu Gupta
- Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Punjab, India
| | | | - Rohit Jain
- Avalon University School of Medicine, Willemstad, Curacao
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13
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Shafqat MN, Memon MYY, Javed S, Kanagala SG, Saleem M. Caroli's Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e50871. [PMID: 38249206 PMCID: PMC10799222 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Synonymous with congenital non-obstructive saccular or fusiform intra-hepatic duct dilatation and congenital communicating cavernous ectasia of the intra-hepatic biliary tract, Caroli's syndrome (CS) is an extremely rare fibro-polycystic liver disorder characterized by ductal plate malformation and consequent peri-portal fibrosis due to segmental intra-hepatic duct dilatation. No more than 200 cases of the syndrome have been reported since 1958. CS may affect one or both lobes of the liver, but more commonly it affects the left hepatic lobe. We describe a rare case of CS localized to the right hepatic lobe in a 21-year-old male, who presented with complaints of upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding without any signs or stigmata of chronic liver disease. Personal as well as family history was non-significant except positive for consanguineous parental marriage. General physical examination was unremarkable except for pallor, and upper GI endoscopy revealed columns of bandable esophageal varices which led us to a line of investigations to identify the cause of portal hypertension. Blood tests were non-specific, though imaging studies chiefly abdominal ultrasound, CT abdomen and pelvis with contrast, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) led us to confirmation of the diagnosis of CS in the right hepatic lobe with manifestations of portal hypertension as the predominant feature. Diagnosis was confirmed on liver biopsy which showed right-sided cystic dilations with congenital hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nabeel Shafqat
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Allied Teaching Hospital Gujranwala, Gujranwala, PAK
| | | | - Salman Javed
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, PAK
| | | | - Momina Saleem
- Department of Medicine, Allied Teaching Hospital Gujranwala, Gujranwala, PAK
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14
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Garg S, Kanagala SG, Anamika F, Parikh K, Kaur H, Garg N, Jain R. Beyond Glycemic Control: Mechanistic Insights Into SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure Management. Cardiol Rev 2023:00045415-990000000-00178. [PMID: 38019033 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a common and clinically significant cardiac condition that causes significant morbidity and mortality in the United States. Diabetes and hypertension are 2 of the most common comorbidities associated with heart failure. Other risk factors for heart failure include smoking, obesity, and intrinsic cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction and valvular pathologies. All of these conditions, to some extent, cause remodeling within the cardiomyocyte, which eventually leads to the development of congestive heart failure. Over the years, using diuretics and medications that inhibit the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System has been the traditional treatment for congestive heart failure. But in recent years studies in the diabetic population revealed that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors had a negative impact on the remodeling of cardiomyocytes. In this review, we discuss the numerous molecular mechanisms by which these recently developed medicines inhibit remodeling in cardiomyocytes, independent of their intended effect of decreasing blood glucose levels. Furthermore, it emphasizes the use of these drugs in diabetic as well as non-diabetic patients as a promising adjunct to ongoing heart failure treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Garg
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Punjab, India
| | | | - Fnu Anamika
- Department of Internal Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Kinna Parikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Gujarat, India
| | - Harmanjit Kaur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Punjab, India
| | - Nikita Garg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL
| | - Rohit Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
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15
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Kaur H, Singh S, Kanagala SG, Gupta V, Patel MA, Jain R. Herbal Medicine- A Friend or a Foe of Cardiovascular Disease. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2023; 22:CHAMC-EPUB-134731. [PMID: 37818588 DOI: 10.2174/0118715257251638230921045029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal remedies are used by 80% of the Asian population in primary health care as per WHO. According to current research, the herbal medicine market was valued at nearly USD 166 billion in 2021 and is expected to reach approximately USD 348 billion by 2028. Increased incidence of chronic conditions such as diabetes, asthma, coronary artery disease, osteoarthritis, has fueled the growing interest in traditional herbal and plant-derived treatments among researchers. In addition, rural communities in developing nations have renewed interest in herbal treatments due to lower cost and easy availability. OBJECTIVE Aim of the paper is to highlight the role of five of more commonly used herbal medicines that are Ginkgo biloba, Garlic, Flaxseed, Ginseng, Salvia miltiorrhiza in cardiovascular disorders. METHODS A PubMed search was done using the keywords Herbal Medicine, Ginkgo biloba, Garlic, Flaxseed, Ginseng, Salvia miltiorrhiza. Articles which were available for free access were utilized. No formula inclusion or exclusion criteria was followed. A total of 42 papers were included for the study. CONCLUSION Although there have been encouraging outcomes with the use of these herbal medications, many of these products are poorly monitored and are yet to be studied in detail regarding their adverse effects. Moreover, these medicinal products are known to interact with various drugs. To compete with the expanding pharmaceutical industry, more medicinally helpful herbal items must be used and scientifically validated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samneet Singh
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | | | - Vasu Gupta
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | | | - Rohit Jain
- Department of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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16
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Mahmood R, Said A, Kanagala SG, Gupta V, Jain R. Unraveling the link: exploring the effects of environmental change on the cardiovascular system. Future Cardiol 2023; 19:649-659. [PMID: 37830331 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2023-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change has a particularly detrimental effect on the cardiovascular system, which is highly vulnerable to harmful impacts. The accumulation of particulate matter (PM) and greenhouse gasses in the environment negatively impacts the cardiovascular system through several mechanisms. The burden of climate change-related diseases falls disproportionately on vulnerable populations, including the elderly, the poor, and those with pre-existing health conditions. A key component of addressing the complex interplay between climate change and cardiovascular diseases is acknowledging health disparities among vulnerable populations resulting from climate change, familiarizing themselves with strategies for adapting to changing conditions, educating patients about climate-related cardiovascular risks, and advocating for policies that promote cleaner environments and sustainable practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Mahmood
- Avalon University School of Medicine, Willemstad, Curaçao
| | - Aimen Said
- CMH Lahore Medical College, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Vasu Gupta
- Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rohit Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine Institution: Avalon University School of Medicine, WTC, Piscaderaweg z/n, Willemstad, Curaçao
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17
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Kanagala SG, Sawhney A, Parikh K, Gupta V, Mahmood T, Anamika FNU, Jain R, Garg N. Navigating the challenges of bicuspid aortic valve-aortopathy. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2023; 2023:e202327. [PMID: 38404628 PMCID: PMC10886853 DOI: 10.21542/gcsp.2023.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a congenital heart defect that affects 0.5-2% of the general population with familial predominance. The modifications in hemodynamics and structure change at cellular level contribute to the dilation of aorta, resulting in bicuspid aortopathy, which can result in catastrophic aortic events. The American Heart Association recommends screening first-degree relatives of patients with bicuspid aortic valve and aortic root disease. BAV may or may not be associated with a syndrome, with the non-syndromic variety having a higher chance of predisposition to congenital and vascular abnormalities. Many genes have been implicated in the etiology of non-syndromic aortic aneurysm such as ACTA2, MYH11, FLNA, and SMAD3. Common diagnostic modalities include transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), multi system computer tomography (MSCT), and cardiac MRI. Medical management reduces the rate of disease progression and surgical management is indicated based on the diameter of the ascending aorta, which differs in American and European guidelines. Our article aims to explore the current understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical aspects, and surgical management of bicuspid aortic valve disease. Additionally, we have included a discussion on the management of this condition in special populations, such as athletes and pregnant women, who require distinct treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aanchal Sawhney
- Department of Internal Medicine, Crozer Chester Medical Center, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Vasu Gupta
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | | | - FNU Anamika
- University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Jain
- Penn State Health Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nikita Garg
- Department of Pediatrics, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
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18
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Jangid G, Popoola-Samuel HAO, Goda K, Anamika FNU, Gupta V, Kanagala SG, Munjal RS. Influence of Plant-Based Diet on the Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review. Cardiol Rev 2023:00045415-990000000-00154. [PMID: 37768098 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A plant-based diet (PBD) includes multiple dietary patterns such as vegetarianism, veganism, lacto-ovo-vegetarianism, etc. A well-balanced PBD has positive effects on body mass index, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes, and it is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Due to its high fiber content, which lowers levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high antioxidant content, which prevents capillary wall damage; the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have an anti-inflammatory effect, improvement in glucose homeostasis through improved insulin sensitivity, and impact on the gut microbiota, it has been proven to be beneficial for the heart. Despite their possible benefits, PBDs can be low in essential nutrients such as vitamin B12, zinc, vitamin D, iodine, and amino acids. This review aims to analyze the influence of PBDs on the cardiovascular system and associated disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurusha Jangid
- From Internal Medicine Department, Dr. Sampurnananda Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Kausalya Goda
- Internal Medicine Department, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - F N U Anamika
- Internal Medicine Department, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vasu Gupta
- Internal Medicine Department, Cleveland Clinic, Akron General, Akron, OH
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19
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Aggarwal K, Bansal V, Mahmood R, Kanagala SG, Jain R. Asthma and Cardiovascular Diseases: Uncovering Common Ground in Risk Factors and Pathogenesis. Cardiol Rev 2023:00045415-990000000-00142. [PMID: 37594265 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Asthma and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the 2 common and complex health problems with a substantial global impact. Epidemiological studies indicate that asthma and CVDs are common, with evidence supporting their cooccurrence. Inflammation, oxidative stress, obesity, metabolic syndrome, smoking, secondhand smoke exposure, physical inactivity, and environmental exposures are all risk factors for asthma and CVDs. In addition, inflammatory and immunological pathways, autonomic dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, coagulation, and common genetic risk factors contribute to the asthma-CVD relationship. Asthmatic individuals have higher morbidity and mortality rates related to CVDs and high-risk factors. Techniques such as screening for CVDs in asthma patients, pharmaceutical therapy, and lifestyle changes are critical for effectively managing these comorbid illnesses. Understanding the link between asthma and CVD is necessary for integrated and clinical management approaches to enhance patient outcomes and lessen the burden of these related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasu Bansal
- From the Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Ramsha Mahmood
- Avalon University School of Medicine, Willemstad, Curacao
| | | | - Rohit Jain
- Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, PA
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20
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Abstract
Remdesivir, a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, found extensive use in coronavirus disease 2019-infected patients because it curbs the viral load expansion. Among patients hospitalized as a result of lower respiratory tract infection, remdesivir proved to improve recovery time; however, remdesivir also can induce significant cytotoxic effects on cardiac myocytes. In this narrative review, we discuss the pathophysiological mechanism of remdesivir-induced bradycardia and diagnostic and management strategies for these patients. We conclude that further research is necessary to understand better the mechanism of bradycardia in coronavirus disease 2019 patients with or without cardiovascular disorder treated with remdesivir.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Poonam Jhajj
- Avalon University School of Medicine, Willemstad, Curacao
| | | | - Vasu Gupta
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sachin Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Penn State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Shiau-ing Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Penn State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Rohit Jain
- Avalon University School of Medicine, Willemstad, Curacao,Associate Professor, Avalon University School of Medicine, Willemstad, Curacao
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21
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Mondal A, Kanagala SG, Pingili A, Edusa S, Karipineni S, Mehdi S, Hazra S, Danish A, Borra V, Khatoon G, Chauhan S, Jain A, Desai R. CAN CEREBRAL EMBOLIC PROTECTION DEVICES (CEPD) REDUCE POSTOPERATIVE STROKE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT (TAVR) WITH A PRIOR HISTORY OF STROKE/TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK (TIA)? J Am Coll Cardiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(23)01266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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22
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Mondal A, Kanagala SG, Pingili A, Hazra S, Borra V, Mehdi S, Danish A, Khatoon G, Chauhan S, Jain A, Desai R. A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF THE LONG-TERM ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY IN CANCER PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(23)01394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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23
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Kanagala SG, Gupta V, Kumawat S, Anamika FNU, McGillen B, Jain R. Hospital at home: emergence of a high-value model of care delivery. Egypt J Intern Med 2023; 35:21. [PMID: 36969500 PMCID: PMC10023005 DOI: 10.1186/s43162-023-00206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With increasing healthcare demands for acute illness in patients especially in the times of pandemic, healthcare organizations require modern solutions. Hospital at home (HaH) is one such tool that has the potential to solve these problems without compromising the care of the patients. MAIN BODY Hospitals have been the conventional setting for managing acute sickness patients; however, it could be a very challenging environment for a few patients, especially for the older population who are highly susceptible to hospital-acquired infections. Health care in a hospital setting can also be very expensive, as it often involves a lot of healthcare professionals providing care. HaH service can provide the same quality of care expected in traditional settings. CONCLUSIONS The median length of stay and the rate of readmissions were lower in people under HaH care. Compared with patients in a hospital setting, patients in HaH had better clinical outcomes. HaH unit provides an integrated, flexible, easy-to-scale platform that can be cost-effectively adapted to high-demand situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasu Gupta
- grid.413495.e0000 0004 1767 3121Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sunita Kumawat
- grid.496644.d0000 0004 1772 4558Index Medical College Hospital & Research Center, Indore, India
| | - FNU Anamika
- grid.412444.30000 0004 1806 781XUniversity College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Brian McGillen
- grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Rohit Jain
- grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA USA
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24
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Kanagala SG, Gupta V, Dunn GV, Kaur H, Zieneddine F, Jain R, Garg N. Narrative Review of Anomalous Origin of Coronary Arteries: Pathophysiology, Management, and Treatment. Curr Cardiol Rev 2023; 19:50-55. [PMID: 37259216 PMCID: PMC10636800 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x19666230530095341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery anomalies (CAA) are a diverse group of congenital anomalies and are the second most common cause of sudden cardiac death in the young population after Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM). Symptoms range from chest pain, syncope, or sudden cardiac arrest to completely asymptomatic. The prevalence of congenital coronary artery anomalies in the general population is estimated to be between 1% and 2%. CAA often gets underdiagnosed due to the lack of knowledge of the disease process. Approximately 5% of patients with acute myocardial infarction do not have atherosclerotic coronary artery disease or luminal narrowing due to other causes. Congenital coronary artery anomalies account for 50-60% of this 5% of patients. Most patients are asymptomatic for most of their lives, and chest pain is the most common symptom in symptomatic patients when referred for coronary angiography, typically when the diagnosis is typically made. The malignant coronary artery is a rare presentation of a coronary anomaly when associated with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease or valvular heart disease. Patients with symptoms of an abnormal coronary artery origin will receive medical treatment/observation, exercise restriction, coronary angioplasty with stent deployment, or surgical repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasu Gupta
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Garrett V Dunn
- Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania-17033, United States
| | | | - Farid Zieneddine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA-17033, United States
| | - Rohit Jain
- Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nikita Garg
- Department of Pediatrics, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
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25
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Danish A, Mohammed AS, Kanagala SG, Aized M, Khan AA. An Unusual Case of May-Thurner Syndrome in a Middle-Aged IV Drug Abuser. Cureus 2022; 14:e29360. [PMID: 36304343 PMCID: PMC9585363 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) is an extrinsic venous compression of the iliocaval venous territory by the arterial system. MTS is common in middle-aged women. Despite its importance, it is uncommonly considered in the differential diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), especially in males with other risk factors. Due to the perianal abscess, a 35-year-old male health care worker was abusing IV opioids through his left leg veins. His symptoms included signs and symptoms of cellulitis around the catheter site, followed by recurrent DVTs due to poor response to anticoagulation therapy alone. A comprehensive workup revealed the diagnosis of MTS. The patient eventually required endovenous treatment with stent placement, after which his condition improved dramatically.
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