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van Engeland NCA, Suarez Rodriguez F, Rivero-Müller A, Ristori T, Duran CL, Stassen OMJA, Antfolk D, Driessen RCH, Ruohonen S, Ruohonen ST, Nuutinen S, Savontaus E, Loerakker S, Bayless KJ, Sjöqvist M, Bouten CVC, Eriksson JE, Sahlgren CM. Vimentin regulates Notch signaling strength and arterial remodeling in response to hemodynamic stress. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12415. [PMID: 31455807 PMCID: PMC6712036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48218-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The intermediate filament (IF) cytoskeleton has been proposed to regulate morphogenic processes by integrating the cell fate signaling machinery with mechanical cues. Signaling between endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through the Notch pathway regulates arterial remodeling in response to changes in blood flow. Here we show that the IF-protein vimentin regulates Notch signaling strength and arterial remodeling in response to hemodynamic forces. Vimentin is important for Notch transactivation by ECs and vimentin knockout mice (VimKO) display disrupted VSMC differentiation and adverse remodeling in aortic explants and in vivo. Shear stress increases Jagged1 levels and Notch activation in a vimentin-dependent manner. Shear stress induces phosphorylation of vimentin at serine 38 and phosphorylated vimentin interacts with Jagged1 and increases Notch activation potential. Reduced Jagged1-Notch transactivation strength disrupts lateral signal induction through the arterial wall leading to adverse remodeling. Taken together we demonstrate that vimentin forms a central part of a mechanochemical transduction pathway that regulates multilayer communication and structural homeostasis of the arterial wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C A van Engeland
- Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Turku, Finland.,Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Freddy Suarez Rodriguez
- Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Adolfo Rivero-Müller
- Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Turku, Finland.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tommaso Ristori
- Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Turku, Finland.,Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Camille L Duran
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, Texas, USA
| | - Oscar M J A Stassen
- Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel Antfolk
- Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Rob C H Driessen
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Saku Ruohonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi T Ruohonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Salla Nuutinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eriika Savontaus
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sandra Loerakker
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, Texas, USA
| | - Marika Sjöqvist
- Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - John E Eriksson
- Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Cecilia M Sahlgren
- Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Turku, Finland. .,Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. .,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Rinne P, Kadiri J, Velasco-Delgado M, Nuutinen S, Rami M, Savontaus E, Steffens S. Melanocortin 1 receptor deficiency promotes atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-/- mice. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Nuutinen S, Ailanen L, Savontaus E, Rinne P. Melanocortin overexpression limits diet-induced inflammation and atherosclerosis in LDLR -/- mice. J Endocrinol 2018; 236:111-123. [PMID: 29317531 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries. The disease is initiated by endothelial dysfunction that allows the transport of leukocytes and low-density lipoprotein into the vessel wall forming atherosclerotic plaques. The melanocortin system is an endogenous peptide system that regulates, for example, energy homeostasis and cardiovascular function. Melanocortin treatment with endogenous or synthetic melanocortin peptides reduces body weight, protects the endothelium and alleviates vascular inflammation, but the long-term effects of melanocortin system activation on atheroprogression remain largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effects of transgenic melanocortin overexpression in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice overexpressing alpha- and gamma3-MSH (MSH-OE) and their wild-type littermates were fed either a regular chow or Western-style diet for 16 weeks. During this time, their metabolic parameters were monitored. The aortae were collected for functional analysis, and the plaques in the aortic root and arch were characterised by histological and immunohistochemical stainings. The aortic expression of inflammatory mediators was determined by quantitative PCR. We found that transgenic MSH-OE improved glucose tolerance and limited atherosclerotic plaque formation particularly in Western diet-fed mice. In terms of aortic vasoreactivity, MSH-OE blunted alpha1-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction and enhanced relaxation response to acetylcholine, indicating improved endothelial function. In addition, MSH-OE markedly attenuated Western diet-induced upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (Ccl2, Ccl5 and Il6) that contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. These results show that the activation of the melanocortin system improves glucose homeostasis and limits diet-induced vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla Nuutinen
- Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacologyand Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Ailanen
- Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacologyand Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eriika Savontaus
- Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacologyand Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Unit of Clinical PharmacologyTurku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Petteri Rinne
- Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacologyand Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Rinne P, Kadiri JJ, Velasco-Delgado M, Nuutinen S, Viitala M, Hollmén M, Rami M, Savontaus E, Steffens S. Melanocortin 1 Receptor Deficiency Promotes Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E -/- Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 38:313-323. [PMID: 29284608 PMCID: PMC5779319 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The MC1-R (melanocortin 1 receptor) is expressed by monocytes and macrophages where it mediates anti-inflammatory actions. MC1-R also protects against macrophage foam cell formation primarily by promoting cholesterol efflux through the ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily A member 1) and ABCG1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily G member 1). In this study, we aimed to investigate whether global deficiency in MC1-R signaling affects the development of atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Apoe-/- (apolipoprotein E deficient) mice were crossed with recessive yellow (Mc1re/e) mice carrying dysfunctional MC1-R and fed a high-fat diet to induce atherosclerosis. Apoe-/- Mc1re/e mice developed significantly larger atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic sinus and in the whole aorta compared with Apoe-/- controls. In terms of plaque composition, MC1-R deficiency was associated with less collagen and smooth muscle cells and increased necrotic core, indicative of more vulnerable lesions. These changes were accompanied by reduced Abca1 and Abcg1 expression in the aorta. Furthermore, Apoe-/- Mc1re/e mice showed a defect in bile acid metabolism that aggravated high-fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and hepatic lipid accumulation. Flow cytometric analysis of leukocyte profile revealed that dysfunctional MC1-R enhanced arterial accumulation of classical Ly6Chigh monocytes and macrophages, effects that were evident in mice fed a normal chow diet but not under high-fat diet conditions. In support of enhanced arterial recruitment of Ly6Chigh monocytes, these cells had increased expression of L-selectin and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights the importance of MC1-R in the development of atherosclerosis. Deficiency in MC1-R signaling exacerbates atherosclerosis by disturbing cholesterol handling and by increasing arterial monocyte accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petteri Rinne
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Finland (P.R., J.J.K., M.V.-D., S.N., E.S.); Medicity Research Laboratory Turku, University of Turku, Finland (M.V., M.H.); Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Finland (E.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., S.S.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (S.S.).
| | - James J Kadiri
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Finland (P.R., J.J.K., M.V.-D., S.N., E.S.); Medicity Research Laboratory Turku, University of Turku, Finland (M.V., M.H.); Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Finland (E.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., S.S.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Mauricio Velasco-Delgado
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Finland (P.R., J.J.K., M.V.-D., S.N., E.S.); Medicity Research Laboratory Turku, University of Turku, Finland (M.V., M.H.); Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Finland (E.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., S.S.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Salla Nuutinen
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Finland (P.R., J.J.K., M.V.-D., S.N., E.S.); Medicity Research Laboratory Turku, University of Turku, Finland (M.V., M.H.); Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Finland (E.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., S.S.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Miro Viitala
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Finland (P.R., J.J.K., M.V.-D., S.N., E.S.); Medicity Research Laboratory Turku, University of Turku, Finland (M.V., M.H.); Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Finland (E.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., S.S.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Maija Hollmén
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Finland (P.R., J.J.K., M.V.-D., S.N., E.S.); Medicity Research Laboratory Turku, University of Turku, Finland (M.V., M.H.); Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Finland (E.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., S.S.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Martina Rami
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Finland (P.R., J.J.K., M.V.-D., S.N., E.S.); Medicity Research Laboratory Turku, University of Turku, Finland (M.V., M.H.); Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Finland (E.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., S.S.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Eriika Savontaus
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Finland (P.R., J.J.K., M.V.-D., S.N., E.S.); Medicity Research Laboratory Turku, University of Turku, Finland (M.V., M.H.); Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Finland (E.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., S.S.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Sabine Steffens
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Finland (P.R., J.J.K., M.V.-D., S.N., E.S.); Medicity Research Laboratory Turku, University of Turku, Finland (M.V., M.H.); Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Finland (E.S.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., S.S.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (S.S.)
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5
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Rinne P, Rami M, Nuutinen S, Santovito D, van der Vorst EPC, Guillamat-Prats R, Lyytikäinen LP, Raitoharju E, Oksala N, Ring L, Cai M, Hruby VJ, Lehtimäki T, Weber C, Steffens S. Melanocortin 1 Receptor Signaling Regulates Cholesterol Transport in Macrophages. Circulation 2017; 136:83-97. [PMID: 28450348 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.025889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1-R) is expressed by monocytes and macrophages, where it exerts anti-inflammatory actions on stimulation with its natural ligand α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. The present study was designed to investigate the specific role of MC1-R in the context of atherosclerosis and possible regulatory pathways of MC1-R beyond anti-inflammation. METHODS Human and mouse atherosclerotic samples and primary mouse macrophages were used to study the regulatory functions of MC1-R. The impact of pharmacological MC1-R activation on atherosclerosis was assessed in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. RESULTS Characterization of human and mouse atherosclerotic plaques revealed that MC1-R expression localizes in lesional macrophages and is significantly associated with the ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1, which are responsible for initiating reverse cholesterol transport. Using bone marrow-derived macrophages, we observed that α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and selective MC1-R agonists similarly promoted cholesterol efflux, which is a counterregulatory mechanism against foam cell formation. Mechanistically, MC1-R activation upregulated the levels of ABCA1 and ABCG1. These effects were accompanied by a reduction in cell surface CD36 expression and in cholesterol uptake, further protecting macrophages from excessive lipid accumulation. Conversely, macrophages deficient in functional MC1-R displayed a phenotype with impaired efflux and enhanced uptake of cholesterol. Pharmacological targeting of MC1-R in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice reduced plasma cholesterol levels and aortic CD36 expression and increased plaque ABCG1 expression and signs of plaque stability. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify a novel role for MC1-R in macrophage cholesterol transport. Activation of MC1-R confers protection against macrophage foam cell formation through a dual mechanism: It prevents cholesterol uptake while concomitantly promoting ABCA1- and ABCG1-mediated reverse cholesterol transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petteri Rinne
- From Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., D.S., E.P.C.v.d.V., R.Q.-P., L.R., C.W., S.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (P.R., S.N.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere (L.-P.L., E.R., N.O., T.L.); Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland (N.O.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson (M.C., V.J.H.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W., S.S.).
| | - Martina Rami
- From Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., D.S., E.P.C.v.d.V., R.Q.-P., L.R., C.W., S.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (P.R., S.N.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere (L.-P.L., E.R., N.O., T.L.); Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland (N.O.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson (M.C., V.J.H.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W., S.S.)
| | - Salla Nuutinen
- From Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., D.S., E.P.C.v.d.V., R.Q.-P., L.R., C.W., S.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (P.R., S.N.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere (L.-P.L., E.R., N.O., T.L.); Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland (N.O.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson (M.C., V.J.H.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W., S.S.)
| | - Donato Santovito
- From Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., D.S., E.P.C.v.d.V., R.Q.-P., L.R., C.W., S.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (P.R., S.N.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere (L.-P.L., E.R., N.O., T.L.); Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland (N.O.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson (M.C., V.J.H.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W., S.S.)
| | - Emiel P C van der Vorst
- From Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., D.S., E.P.C.v.d.V., R.Q.-P., L.R., C.W., S.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (P.R., S.N.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere (L.-P.L., E.R., N.O., T.L.); Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland (N.O.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson (M.C., V.J.H.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W., S.S.)
| | - Raquel Guillamat-Prats
- From Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., D.S., E.P.C.v.d.V., R.Q.-P., L.R., C.W., S.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (P.R., S.N.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere (L.-P.L., E.R., N.O., T.L.); Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland (N.O.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson (M.C., V.J.H.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W., S.S.)
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- From Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., D.S., E.P.C.v.d.V., R.Q.-P., L.R., C.W., S.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (P.R., S.N.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere (L.-P.L., E.R., N.O., T.L.); Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland (N.O.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson (M.C., V.J.H.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W., S.S.)
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- From Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., D.S., E.P.C.v.d.V., R.Q.-P., L.R., C.W., S.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (P.R., S.N.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere (L.-P.L., E.R., N.O., T.L.); Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland (N.O.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson (M.C., V.J.H.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W., S.S.)
| | - Niku Oksala
- From Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., D.S., E.P.C.v.d.V., R.Q.-P., L.R., C.W., S.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (P.R., S.N.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere (L.-P.L., E.R., N.O., T.L.); Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland (N.O.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson (M.C., V.J.H.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W., S.S.)
| | - Larisa Ring
- From Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., D.S., E.P.C.v.d.V., R.Q.-P., L.R., C.W., S.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (P.R., S.N.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere (L.-P.L., E.R., N.O., T.L.); Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland (N.O.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson (M.C., V.J.H.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W., S.S.)
| | - Minying Cai
- From Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., D.S., E.P.C.v.d.V., R.Q.-P., L.R., C.W., S.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (P.R., S.N.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere (L.-P.L., E.R., N.O., T.L.); Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland (N.O.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson (M.C., V.J.H.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W., S.S.)
| | - Victor J Hruby
- From Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., D.S., E.P.C.v.d.V., R.Q.-P., L.R., C.W., S.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (P.R., S.N.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere (L.-P.L., E.R., N.O., T.L.); Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland (N.O.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson (M.C., V.J.H.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W., S.S.)
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- From Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., D.S., E.P.C.v.d.V., R.Q.-P., L.R., C.W., S.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (P.R., S.N.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere (L.-P.L., E.R., N.O., T.L.); Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland (N.O.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson (M.C., V.J.H.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W., S.S.)
| | - Christian Weber
- From Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., D.S., E.P.C.v.d.V., R.Q.-P., L.R., C.W., S.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (P.R., S.N.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere (L.-P.L., E.R., N.O., T.L.); Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland (N.O.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson (M.C., V.J.H.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W., S.S.)
| | - Sabine Steffens
- From Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany (P.R., M.R., D.S., E.P.C.v.d.V., R.Q.-P., L.R., C.W., S.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland (P.R., S.N.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere (L.-P.L., E.R., N.O., T.L.); Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland (N.O.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson (M.C., V.J.H.); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W., S.S.)
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Sucksdorff M, Rissanen E, Tuisku J, Nuutinen S, Paavilainen T, Rokka J, Rinne J, Airas L. Evaluation of the Effect of Fingolimod Treatment on Microglial Activation Using Serial PET Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:1646-1651. [PMID: 28336784 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.183020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, multiple sclerosis (MS) has been considered a white matter disease with focal inflammatory lesions. It is, however, becoming clear that significant pathology, such as microglial activation, also takes place outside the plaque areas, that is, in areas of normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and gray matter (GM). Microglial activation can be detected in vivo using 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO)-binding radioligands and PET. It is unknown whether fingolimod affects microglial activation in MS. The aim of this study was to investigate whether serial PET can be used to evaluate the effect of fingolimod treatment on microglial activation. Methods: Ten relapsing-remitting MS patients were studied using the TSPO radioligand 11C-(R)-PK11195. Imaging was performed at baseline and after 8 and 24 wk of fingolimod treatment. Eight healthy individuals were imaged for comparison. Microglial activation was evaluated as distribution volume ratio of 11C-(R)-PK11195. Results: The patients had MS for an average of 7.9 ± 4.3 y (mean ± SD), their total relapses averaged 4 ± 2.4, and their Expanded Disability Status Scale was 2.7 ± 0.5. The patients were switched to fingolimod because of safety reasons or therapy escalation. The mean washout period before the initiation of fingolimod was 2.3 ± 1.1 mo. The patients were clinically stable on fingolimod. At baseline, microglial activation was significantly higher in the combined NAWM and GM areas of MS patients than in healthy controls (P = 0.021). 11C-(R)-PK11195 binding was reduced (-12.31%) within the combined T2 lesion area after 6 mo of fingolimod treatment (P = 0.040) but not in the areas of NAWM or GM. Conclusion: Fingolimod treatment reduced microglial/macrophage activation at the site of focal inflammatory lesions, presumably by preventing leukocyte trafficking from the periphery. It did not affect the widespread, diffuse microglial activation in the NAWM and GM. The study opens new vistas for designing future therapeutic studies in MS that use the evaluation of microglial activation as an imaging outcome measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Sucksdorff
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, Finland; and .,Turku PET Centre, Clinical Neurology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, Finland
| | - Eero Rissanen
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, Finland; and.,Turku PET Centre, Clinical Neurology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, Finland
| | - Jouni Tuisku
- Turku PET Centre, Clinical Neurology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, Finland
| | - Salla Nuutinen
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, Finland; and
| | - Teemu Paavilainen
- Turku PET Centre, Clinical Neurology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Rokka
- Turku PET Centre, Clinical Neurology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Rinne
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, Finland; and.,Turku PET Centre, Clinical Neurology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Airas
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, Finland; and.,Turku PET Centre, Clinical Neurology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, Finland
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7
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Kononoff Vanhanen J, Nuutinen S, Tuominen M, Panula P. Histamine H3 Receptor Regulates Sensorimotor Gating and Dopaminergic Signaling in the Striatum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 357:264-72. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.230771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Rinne P, Ahola-Olli A, Nuutinen S, Koskinen E, Kaipio K, Eerola K, Juonala M, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari OT, Savontaus E. Deficiency in Melanocortin 1 Receptor Signaling Predisposes to Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Increased Arterial Stiffness in Mice and Humans. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1678-86. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.305064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1-R) is expressed by vascular endothelial cells and shown to enhance nitric oxide (NO) availability and vasodilator function on pharmacological stimulation. However, the physiological role of MC1-R in the endothelium and its contribution to vascular homeostasis remain unresolved. We investigated whether a lack of functional MC1-R signaling carries a phenotype with predisposition to vascular abnormalities.
Approach and Results—
Recessive yellow mice (MC1R
e/e
), deficient in MC1-R signaling, and their wild-type littermates were studied for morphology and functional characteristics of the aorta. MC1R
e/e
mice showed increased collagen deposition and arterial stiffness accompanied by an elevation in pulse pressure. Contractile capacity and NO-dependent vasodilatation were impaired in the aorta of MC1R
e/e
mice supported by findings of decreased NO availability. These mice also displayed elevated levels of systemic and local cytokines. Exposing the mice to high-sodium diet or acute endotoxemia revealed increased susceptibility to inflammation-driven vascular dysfunction. Finally, we investigated whether a similar phenotype can be found in healthy human subjects carrying variant
MC1-R
alleles known to attenuate receptor function. In a longitudinal analysis of 2001 subjects with genotype and ultrasound data (The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study), weak MC1-R function was associated with lower flow-mediated dilatation response of the brachial artery and increased carotid artery stiffness.
Conclusions—
The present study demonstrates that deficiency in MC1-R signaling is associated with increased arterial stiffness and impairment in endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, suggesting a physiological role for MC1-R in the regulation of arterial tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petteri Rinne
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Pharmaceutics (P.R., S.N., E.K., K.E.,E.S.), the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (A.A-O., O.T.R.), and Department of Pathology (K.K), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine (M.J.), Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R), and the Unit of Clinical Pharmacology (E.S.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere
| | - Ari Ahola-Olli
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Pharmaceutics (P.R., S.N., E.K., K.E.,E.S.), the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (A.A-O., O.T.R.), and Department of Pathology (K.K), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine (M.J.), Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R), and the Unit of Clinical Pharmacology (E.S.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere
| | - Salla Nuutinen
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Pharmaceutics (P.R., S.N., E.K., K.E.,E.S.), the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (A.A-O., O.T.R.), and Department of Pathology (K.K), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine (M.J.), Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R), and the Unit of Clinical Pharmacology (E.S.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere
| | - Emilia Koskinen
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Pharmaceutics (P.R., S.N., E.K., K.E.,E.S.), the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (A.A-O., O.T.R.), and Department of Pathology (K.K), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine (M.J.), Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R), and the Unit of Clinical Pharmacology (E.S.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere
| | - Katja Kaipio
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Pharmaceutics (P.R., S.N., E.K., K.E.,E.S.), the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (A.A-O., O.T.R.), and Department of Pathology (K.K), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine (M.J.), Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R), and the Unit of Clinical Pharmacology (E.S.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere
| | - Kim Eerola
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Pharmaceutics (P.R., S.N., E.K., K.E.,E.S.), the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (A.A-O., O.T.R.), and Department of Pathology (K.K), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine (M.J.), Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R), and the Unit of Clinical Pharmacology (E.S.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere
| | - Markus Juonala
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Pharmaceutics (P.R., S.N., E.K., K.E.,E.S.), the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (A.A-O., O.T.R.), and Department of Pathology (K.K), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine (M.J.), Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R), and the Unit of Clinical Pharmacology (E.S.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere
| | - Mika Kähönen
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Pharmaceutics (P.R., S.N., E.K., K.E.,E.S.), the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (A.A-O., O.T.R.), and Department of Pathology (K.K), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine (M.J.), Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R), and the Unit of Clinical Pharmacology (E.S.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Pharmaceutics (P.R., S.N., E.K., K.E.,E.S.), the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (A.A-O., O.T.R.), and Department of Pathology (K.K), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine (M.J.), Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R), and the Unit of Clinical Pharmacology (E.S.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Pharmaceutics (P.R., S.N., E.K., K.E.,E.S.), the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (A.A-O., O.T.R.), and Department of Pathology (K.K), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine (M.J.), Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R), and the Unit of Clinical Pharmacology (E.S.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere
| | - Eriika Savontaus
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Pharmaceutics (P.R., S.N., E.K., K.E.,E.S.), the Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (A.A-O., O.T.R.), and Department of Pathology (K.K), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine (M.J.), Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R), and the Unit of Clinical Pharmacology (E.S.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere
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Vanhanen J, Nuutinen S, Lintunen M, Mäki T, Rämö J, Karlstedt K, Panula P. Histamine is required for H₃ receptor-mediated alcohol reward inhibition, but not for alcohol consumption or stimulation. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:177-87. [PMID: 23489295 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Conflicting data have been published on whether histamine is inhibitory to the rewarding effects of abused drugs. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of neuronal histamine and, in particular, H₃ receptors in alcohol dependence-related behaviours, which represent the addictive effects of alcohol. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Alcohol-induced conditioned place preference (alcohol-CPP) was used to measure alcohol reward. Alcohol-induced locomotor stimulation, alcohol consumption and kinetics were also assessed. mRNA levels were quantified using radioactive in situ hybridization. KEY RESULTS Low doses of H₃ receptor antagonists, JNJ-10181457 and JNJ-39220675, inhibited alcohol reward in wild-type (WT) mice. However, these H₃ receptor antagonists did not inhibit alcohol reward in histidine decarboxylase knock-out (HDC KO) mice and a lack of histamine did not alter alcohol consumption. Thus H₃ receptor antagonists inhibited alcohol reward in a histamine-dependent manner. Furthermore, WT and HDC KO mice were similarly stimulated by alcohol. The expression levels of dopamine D₁ and D₂ receptors, STEP61 and DARPP-32 mRNA in striatal subregions were unaltered in HDC KO mice. No differences were seen in alcohol kinetics in HDC KO compared to WT control animals. In addition, JNJ-39220675 had no effect on alcohol kinetics in WT mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data suggest that histamine is required for the H₃ receptor-mediated inhibition of alcohol-CPP and support the hypothesis that the brain histaminergic system has an inhibitory role in alcohol reward. Increasing neuronal histamine release via H₃ receptor blockade could therefore be a novel way of treating alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vanhanen
- Neuroscience Center and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Rinne P, Silvola JMU, Hellberg S, Stahle M, Liljenback H, Salomaki H, Koskinen E, Nuutinen S, Saukko P, Knuuti J, Saraste A, Roivainen A, Savontaus E. Pharmacological Activation of the Melanocortin System Limits Plaque Inflammation and Ameliorates Vascular Dysfunction in Atherosclerotic Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1346-54. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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