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Sergeant K, Goertz S, Halime S, Tietgen H, Heidt H, Minestrini M, Jacquard C, Zimmer S, Renaut J. Exploration of the Diversity of Vicine and Convicine Derivatives in Faba Bean ( Vicia faba L.) Cultivars: Insights from LC-MS/MS Spectra. Molecules 2024; 29:1065. [PMID: 38474577 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
While numerous Fabaceae seeds are a good nutritional source of high-quality protein, the use of some species is hampered by toxic effects caused by exposure to metabolites that accumulate in the seeds. One such species is the faba or broad bean (Vicia faba L.), which accumulates vicine and convicine. These two glycoalkaloids cause favism, the breakdown of red blood cells in persons with a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Because this is the most common enzyme deficiency worldwide, faba bean breeding efforts have focused on developing cultivars with low levels of these alkaloids. Consequently, quantification methods have been developed; however, they quantify vicine and convicine only and not the derivatives of these compounds that potentially generate the same bio-active molecules. Based on the recognition of previously unknown (con)vicine-containing compounds, we screened the fragmentation spectra of LC-MS/MS data from five faba bean cultivars using the characteristic fragments generated by (con)vicine. This resulted in the recognition of more than a hundred derivatives, of which 89 were tentatively identified. (Con)vicine was mainly derivatized through the addition of sugars, hydroxycinnamic acids, and dicarboxylic acids, with a group of compounds composed of two (con)vicine residues linked by dicarboxyl fatty acids. In general, the abundance profiles of the different derivatives in the five cultivars mimicked that of vicine and convicine, but some showed a derivative-specific profile. The description of the (con)vicine diversity will impact the interpretation of future studies on the biosynthesis of (con)vicine, and the content in potentially bio-active alkaloids in faba beans may be higher than that represented by the quantification of vicine and convicine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Sergeant
- Biotechnologies and Environmental Analytics Platform (BEAP), Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5, Rue Bommel, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Simon Goertz
- NPZ Innovation GmbH, Hohenlieth-Hof 1, 24363 Holtsee, Germany
| | - Salma Halime
- Biotechnologies and Environmental Analytics Platform (BEAP), Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5, Rue Bommel, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, RIBP USC 1488, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Hanna Tietgen
- NPZ Innovation GmbH, Hohenlieth-Hof 1, 24363 Holtsee, Germany
| | - Hanna Heidt
- Institut fir Biologësch Landwirtschaft an Agrarkultur Luxemburg a.s.b.l (IBLA), 1 Wantergaass, L-7664 Medernach, Luxembourg
| | - Martina Minestrini
- Biotechnologies and Environmental Analytics Platform (BEAP), Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5, Rue Bommel, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), UCLouvain, Croix du 11 Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Cédric Jacquard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, RIBP USC 1488, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Stephanie Zimmer
- Institut fir Biologësch Landwirtschaft an Agrarkultur Luxemburg a.s.b.l (IBLA), 1 Wantergaass, L-7664 Medernach, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Biotechnologies and Environmental Analytics Platform (BEAP), Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5, Rue Bommel, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg
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