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Dorsey ER, Kinel D, Pawlik ME, Zafar M, Lettenberger SE, Coffey M, Auinger P, Hylton KL, Shaw CW, Adams JL, Barbano R, Braun MK, Schwarz HB, Lawrence BP, Kieburtz K, Tanner CM, de Miranda BR, Goldman SM. Dry-Cleaning Chemicals and a Cluster of Parkinson's Disease and Cancer: A Retrospective Investigation. Mov Disord 2024; 39:606-613. [PMID: 38389433 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE), a carcinogenic dry-cleaning chemical, may be linked to Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether PD and cancer were elevated among attorneys who worked near a contaminated site. METHODS We surveyed and evaluated attorneys with possible exposure and assessed a comparison group. RESULTS Seventy-nine of 82 attorneys (96.3%; mean [SD] age: 69.5 [11.4] years; 89.9% men) completed at least one phase of the study. For comparison, 75 lawyers (64.9 [10.2] years; 65.3% men) underwent clinical evaluations. Four (5.1%) of them who worked near the polluted site reported PD, more than expected based on age and sex (1.7%; P = 0.01) but not significantly higher than the comparison group (n = 1 [1.3%]; P = 0.37). Fifteen (19.0%), compared to four in the comparison group (5.3%; P = 0.049), had a TCE-related cancer. CONCLUSIONS In a retrospective study, diagnoses of PD and TCE-related cancers appeared to be elevated among attorneys who worked next to a contaminated dry-cleaning site. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ray Dorsey
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Health & Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Dan Kinel
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Health & Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Meghan E Pawlik
- Center for Health & Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Maryam Zafar
- Center for Health & Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samantha E Lettenberger
- Center for Health & Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Madeleine Coffey
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Uniondale, New York, USA
| | - Peggy Auinger
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Health & Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Kevin L Hylton
- Kevin Hylton Environmental Services, Inc., Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Carol W Shaw
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jamie L Adams
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Health & Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Richard Barbano
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Melanie K Braun
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Heidi B Schwarz
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - B Paige Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Karl Kieburtz
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Health & Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Caroline M Tanner
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Health, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Briana R de Miranda
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samuel M Goldman
- Division of Occupational, Environmental, and Climate Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Aamodt WW, Kluger BM, Mirham M, Job A, Lettenberger SE, Mosley PE, Seshadri S. Caregiver Burden in Parkinson Disease: A Scoping Review of the Literature from 2017-2022. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2024; 37:96-113. [PMID: 37551798 PMCID: PMC10802092 DOI: 10.1177/08919887231195219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Caregiver burden is a term that refers to the adverse effect of caregiving on the physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and financial well-being of the caregiver. Caregiver burden is associated with providing care to an individual with a chronic illness or disability, and the unique symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) can amplify a patient's needs and reliance on others, leading to adverse outcomes for patients and their caregivers. In this scoping review of the literature from January 2017 through April 2022 that included 114 studies, we provide an updated, evidence-based summary of patient and caregiver-related factors that contribute to caregiver burden in PD. We also describe the impact of caregiver stress and burden on caregivers based on qualitative research studies and review recent interventions to mitigate burden. By providing clinical updates for practitioners, this review is designed to improve recognition of caregiver burden in the post-pandemic era and foster the development of targeted interventions to reduce caregiver burden in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitley W. Aamodt
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Translational Center of Excellence for Neuroepidemiology and Neurology Outcomes Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benzi M. Kluger
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Miray Mirham
- School of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Anna Job
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Philip E. Mosley
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Sandhya Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Dorsey ER, Zafar M, Lettenberger SE, Pawlik ME, Kinel D, Frissen M, Schneider RB, Kieburtz K, Tanner CM, De Miranda BR, Goldman SM, Bloem BR. Trichloroethylene: An Invisible Cause of Parkinson's Disease? J Parkinsons Dis 2023; 13:203-218. [PMID: 36938742 PMCID: PMC10041423 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-225047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The etiologies of Parkinson's disease (PD) remain unclear. Some, such as certain genetic mutations and head trauma, are widely known or easily identified. However, these causes or risk factors do not account for the majority of cases. Other, less visible factors must be at play. Among these is a widely used industrial solvent and common environmental contaminant little recognized for its likely role in PD: trichloroethylene (TCE). TCE is a simple, six-atom molecule that can decaffeinate coffee, degrease metal parts, and dry clean clothes. The colorless chemical was first linked to parkinsonism in 1969. Since then, four case studies involving eight individuals have linked occupational exposure to TCE to PD. In addition, a small epidemiological study found that occupational or hobby exposure to the solvent was associated with a 500% increased risk of developing PD. In multiple animal studies, the chemical reproduces the pathological features of PD.Exposure is not confined to those who work with the chemical. TCE pollutes outdoor air, taints groundwater, and contaminates indoor air. The molecule, like radon, evaporates from underlying soil and groundwater and enters homes, workplaces, or schools, often undetected. Despite widespread contamination and increasing industrial, commercial, and military use, clinical investigations of TCE and PD have been limited. Here, through a literature review and seven illustrative cases, we postulate that this ubiquitous chemical is contributing to the global rise of PD and that TCE is one of its invisible and highly preventable causes. Further research is now necessary to examine this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ray Dorsey
- Center for Health + Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Maryam Zafar
- Center for Health + Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Meghan E Pawlik
- Center for Health + Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dan Kinel
- Center for Health + Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Myrthe Frissen
- Radboud University Medical Centre; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Department of Neurology; Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders; Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ruth B Schneider
- Center for Health + Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Karl Kieburtz
- Center for Health + Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Caroline M Tanner
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Briana R De Miranda
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Samuel M Goldman
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, School of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Radboud University Medical Centre; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Department of Neurology; Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders; Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Kelm-Nelson CA, Lechner SA, Lettenberger SE, Kaldenberg TAR, Pahapill NK, Regenbaum A, Ciucci MR. Pink1 -/- rats are a useful tool to study early Parkinson disease. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab077. [PMID: 33928251 PMCID: PMC8066864 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Kelm-Nelson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sarah A Lechner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Samantha E Lettenberger
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Taylor A R Kaldenberg
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Natalie K Pahapill
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Amy Regenbaum
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michelle R Ciucci
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Marquis JM, Lettenberger SE, Kelm-Nelson CA. Early-onset Parkinsonian behaviors in female Pink1-/- rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 377:112175. [PMID: 31542395 PMCID: PMC6824965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive, neurological disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Although instability, rigidity, tremor, and bradykinesia are considered hallmark motor signs of the disease, these are not apparent until mid-to-late stage. In addition to limb motor impairment, individuals with PD also exhibit early-onset speech dysfunction and reduced vocal intelligibility as well as anhedonia and anxiety. Many of these clinical signs vary according to sex in humans with PD. In this study, a translational genetic rat model of early-onset PD (Pink1-/-) was used to address significant gaps in knowledge concerning sex-specific characteristics of limb sensorimotor deficits, vocal motor dysfunction, and changes in affective state. Traditional behavioral tests of limb function, ultrasonic vocalization, anxiety, and anhedonia in the Pink1-/- female rat and wildtype controls were used to test the hypothesis that behavioral performance would significantly differ between genotypes, and that these differences would increase with disease progression (age of the rat). Results demonstrate that Pink1-/- female rats do not exhibit limb sensorimotor deficits but do have significantly reduced intensity (loudness) of vocalizations, and present with anhedonia and anxiety by 8 months of age. Consistent with an early-disease model, Pink1-/- female rats do not exhibit significant decreases in nigrostriatal catecholamines/metabolites, as measured by HPLC. These results are significant in expanding knowledge of early-onset deficits in the female Pink1-/- genetic rat model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Marquis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Samantha E Lettenberger
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Cynthia A Kelm-Nelson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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