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Akinyemi AJ, Du XQ, Aguilan J, Sidoli S, Hirsch D, Wang T, Reznik S, Fuloria M, Charron MJ. Human cord plasma proteomic analysis reveals sexually dimorphic proteins associated with intrauterine growth restriction. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300260. [PMID: 38059784 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease later in life and has been shown to affect female and male offspring differently, but the mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify proteomic differences and metabolic risk markers in IUGR male and female neonates when compared to appropriate for gestational age (AGA) babies that will provide a better understanding of IUGR pathogenesis and its associated risks. Our results revealed alterations in IUGR cord plasma proteomes with most of the differentially abundant proteins implicated in peroxisome pathways. This effect was evident in females but not in males. Furthermore, we observed that catalase activity, a peroxisomal enzyme, was significantly increased in females (p < 0.05) but unchanged in males. Finally, we identified risk proteins associated with obesity, type-2 diabetes, and glucose intolerance such as EGF containing fibulin extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and transforming growth factor beta receptor 3 (TGFBR3) proteins unique to females while coagulation factor IX (C9) and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) are unique in males. In conclusion, IUGR may display sexual dimorphism which may be associated with differences in lifelong risk for cardiometabolic disease between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiu Quan Du
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer Aguilan
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - David Hirsch
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Sandra Reznik
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Jamaica, New York, USA
| | - Mamta Fuloria
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Maureen J Charron
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Norman Fleisher Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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2
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Fagiola M, Reznik S, Riaz M, Qyang Y, Lee S, Avella J, Turino G, Cantor J. The relationship between elastin cross linking and alveolar wall rupture in human pulmonary emphysema. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L747-L755. [PMID: 37014816 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00284.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To better define the role of mechanical forces in pulmonary emphysema, we employed methods recently developed in our laboratory to identify microscopic level relationships between airspace size and elastin-specific desmosine and isodesmosine (DID) cross links in normal and emphysematous human lungs. Free DID in wet tissue (a biomarker for elastin degradation) and total DID in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and correlated with alveolar diameter, as determined by the mean linear intercept (MLI) method. There was a positive correlation between free lung DID and MLI (P < 0.0001) in formalin-fixed lungs, and elastin breakdown was greatly accelerated when airspace diameter exceeded 400 µm. In FFPE tissue, DID density was markedly increased beyond 300 µm (P < 0.0001) and leveled off around 400 µm. Elastic fiber surface area similarly peaked at around 400 µm, but to a much lesser extent than DID density, indicating that elastin cross linking is markedly increased in response to early changes in airspace size. These findings support the hypothesis that airspace enlargement is an emergent phenomenon in which initial proliferation of DID cross links to counteract alveolar wall distention is followed by a phase transition involving rapid acceleration of elastin breakdown, alveolar wall rupture, and progression to an active disease state that is less amenable to therapeutic intervention.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The current findings support the hypothesis that airspace enlargement is an emergent phenomenon in which initial proliferation of DID cross links to counteract alveolar wall distention is followed by a phase transition involving rapid acceleration of elastin breakdown, alveolar wall rupture, and progression to an active disease state that is less amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fagiola
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, United States
- Nassau County Medical Examiner, Department of Forensic Toxicology, East Meadow, New York, United States
| | - Sandra Reznik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, United States
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Seoyeon Lee
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Joseph Avella
- Nassau County Medical Examiner, Department of Forensic Toxicology, East Meadow, New York, United States
| | - Gerard Turino
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai - St. Luke's Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Jerome Cantor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, United States
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3
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Lipich T, Maslakova A, Lipich V, Reznik S. [The volunteerism as a social phenomenon during a pandemic: the experience of the Russian Orthodox Church]. Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med 2022; 30:1177-1183. [PMID: 36541292 DOI: 10.32687/0869-866x-2022-30-6-1177-1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Lipich
- The Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "The Belgorod State National Research Institute"
| | - A Maslakova
- The Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "The Belgorod State National Research Institute"
| | - V Lipich
- The Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "The Belgorod State National Research Institute"
| | - S Reznik
- The Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "The Belgorod State National Research Institute"
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Xiao Z, Reznik S. N, N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA) improves survival in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia model. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.51.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. In cases of severe sepsis, the risk of mortality is 40% to 60%. Proinflammatory cytokine levels are elevated in patients causing capillary leakage, coagulation, and organ damage. N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) is a widely used drug excipient, which was found to possess anti-inflammatory properties. In this project, we studied the potential effects of DMA in improving sepsis survival and organ damage and in regulating the immune system.
To study the potential therapeutic effect of DMA, we utilized an LPS-induced endotoxemia murine model to simulate sepsis-like symptoms. DMA improved 72-hour survival from 17% to 83% in severe endotoxemia. Improved mobility and HR were also observed in DMA treated LPS groups as compared to the LPS only groups. To explore the mechanism of DMA’s ability to improve endotoxemia outcomes, primary murine neutrophils were used. DMA reduced mTNFa levels in primary neutrophils treated with LPS for 24 and 48 hours at 10 mM, the same concentration previously reported to attenuate cytokine secretion in vitro. However, mIL-6 levels were not affected. To further study the effect of DMA on macrophages in vitro, differentiation of human monocyte U937 was induced by PMA. In line with our in vivo and ex vivo studies, U937-macrophages released hIL-6 and hTNFa in response to LPS stimulation while DMA significantly reduced cytokine release when cells were treated with DMA and LPS concomitantly. Additionally, cells co-treated with DMA and PMA during differentiation released less cytokines when compared to the corresponding group treated with PMA only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Xiao
- 1Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John’s University
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5
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Reznik S, Tiwari A, Ashby C. Intravenous immunoglobulin: A potential treatment for the post-acute sequelae of SARS-Cov-2 infection? Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2022; 22:660-664. [PMID: 35150477 PMCID: PMC9392972 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2021.6901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Reznik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York City, USA; Departments of Pathology and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Queens, New York City, USA
| | - Amit Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Charles Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York City, USA
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6
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Patki M, Palekar S, Reznik S, Patel K. Self-injectable extended release formulation of Remdesivir (SelfExRem): A potential formulation alternative for COVID-19 treatment. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120329. [PMID: 33540028 PMCID: PMC7948064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There has been a growing and evolving research to find a treatment or a prevention against coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Though mass vaccination will certainly help in reducing number of COVID-19 patients, an effective therapeutic measure must be available too. Intravenous remdesivir (RDV) was the first drug receiving Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of COVID-19. However, in a pandemic like COVID-19, it is essential that drug formulations are readily available, affordable and convenient to administer to every patient around the globe. In this study, we have developed a Self-injectable extended release subcutaneous injection of Remdesivir (SelfExRem) for the treatment of COVID-19. As opposed to intravenous injection, extended release subcutaneous injection has the benefits of reducing face-to-face contact, minimizing hospitalization, reducing dosing frequency and reducing overall health care cost. SelfExRem was developed using a biodegradable polymer, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), dissolved in a biocompatible vehicle. Six different batches were formulated using 2 different grades of low molecular weight PLGA and 3 different PLGA concentration. The force of injection of various polymeric solutions through 23–30-gauge needles were analyzed using a TA.XTplus texture analyzer. The time required for injection was evaluated both manually and by using an autoinjector. In vitro release of all the batches were carried out in 1% v/v tween 80 in phosphate buffer saline. The study indicated that SelfExRem developed with 15% w/v PLGA (75:25) provided a steady release of drug for 48 h and may be a breakthrough approach for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manali Patki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Siddhant Palekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Reznik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA; Departments of Pathology and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ketan Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.
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7
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Gandhi T, Patki M, Kong J, Koya J, Yoganathan S, Reznik S, Patel K. Development of an Arginine Anchored Nanoglobule with Retrograde Trafficking Inhibitor (Retro-2) for the Treatment of an Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Outbreak. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4405-4415. [PMID: 31454253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) or Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) is known to cause sporadic and epidemic gastrointestinal infections with several incidences of outbreaks. Antibiotic-based therapy further worsens the condition by facilitating the release of Shiga toxins (Stx) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Hence, there is an urgent need to develop an antibiotic-free, safe, and effective therapeutic intervention for the treatment of EHEC infections. We proposed a novel therapeutic strategy to address this clinical problem-kill, capture, and inhibit. We aimed to formulate and characterize lauroyl arginate ethyl ester (LAE) and Retro-2 loaded self-nano emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS). Retro-2 is a recently developed novel class of molecule, which can selectively inhibit retrograde transport of Stx. In this paper, we first carried out preformulation studies of Retro-2, followed by the development of SNEDDS forming arginine anchored nanoglobules (AR-NG), characterization of LPS binding to AR-NG, and finally evaluation of activity against EHEC. Retro-2 showed extremely poor solubility at all gastrointestinal pH values, susceptibility to acidic environments, and good permeability. The positively charged AR-NG spontaneously formed a globule size of 102.8 ± 1.9 nm with a surface charge of +52.15 ± 3 mV and increased the solubility of Retro-2. Further, binding and aggregation of LPS and AR-NG were confirmed by particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, fluorescent intensity, turbidity analysis, and a limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test. Additionally, a significant reduction in LPS induced TNF-α was observed in AR-NG treated macrophages. Thus, in this paper, we demonstrate a very promising and innovative therapeutic approach based on the "kill (E. Coli), capture (released LPS), and inhibit (transport of Stx)" concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Gandhi
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , St. John's University , Queens , New York 11439 , United States
| | - Manali Patki
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , St. John's University , Queens , New York 11439 , United States
| | - Jing Kong
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , St. John's University , Queens , New York 11439 , United States
| | - Jagadish Koya
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , St. John's University , Queens , New York 11439 , United States
| | - Sabesan Yoganathan
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , St. John's University , Queens , New York 11439 , United States
| | - Sandra Reznik
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , St. John's University , Queens , New York 11439 , United States
| | - Ketankumar Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , St. John's University , Queens , New York 11439 , United States
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8
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Lulla A, Reznik S, Trombetta L, Billack B. Use of the mouse ear vesicant model to evaluate the effectiveness of ebselen as a countermeasure to the nitrogen mustard mechlorethamine. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:1373-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Lulla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; St. John's University; Jamaica NY 11439 USA
| | - Sandra Reznik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; St. John's University; Jamaica NY 11439 USA
| | - Louis Trombetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; St. John's University; Jamaica NY 11439 USA
| | - Blase Billack
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; St. John's University; Jamaica NY 11439 USA
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9
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Abhichandani K, Shah N, Sundaram S, Chen CH, Yen H, Reznik S. O007 PROLACTIN CONTROLS INFECTION-ASSOCIATED PRETERM BIRTH IN A MURINE MODEL. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(12)60437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Cryptococcosis during pregnancy is well documented, but transmission of infection to the fetus is rare. We describe a premature neonate born to a mother with congenitally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and active cryptococcosis. Histological examination of the placenta revealed Cryptococcus neoformans within the maternal intervillous space with focal invasion into the chorionic villi. A positive serum cryptococcal antigen (1:2) was detected on days 1 and 5 of life. The neonate had no evidence of central nervous system disease and was treated with fluconazole with resolution of antigenemia. This case highlights both the potential for transplacental transmission of C. neoformans infection and the complexities of caring for pregnant mothers who themselves are congenitally infected with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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11
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Klugman S, Gross S, Liang J, Livne K, Gross B, Khabele D, Lopez-Jones M, Cordero D, Reznik S. Erratum to: “Expression of Keratin 8 and TNF-Related Apoptosis-I Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) in Down Syndrome Placentas” [Placenta 2008;29(4):382–4]. Placenta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Klugman SD, Gross SJ, Liang J, Livne K, Gross B, Khabele D, Lopez-Jones M, Cordero DR, Reznik S. Expression of Keratin 8 and TNF-Related Apoptosis-I Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) in Down Syndrome Placentas. Placenta 2008; 29:382-4. [PMID: 18343496 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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13
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Koscica K, Ananth C, Reznik S. The effect of a matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) inhibitor on inflammation-mediated preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2003.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Shanske AL, Pande S, Aref K, Vega-Rich C, Brion L, Reznik S, Timor-Tritsch IE. Omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects (OEIS) in triplet pregnancy after IVF and CVS. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 2003; 67:467-71. [PMID: 12962293 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.10058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects (OEIS) complex is a rare sporadic condition. CASE We identified an infant with major malformations resembling OEIS. He was the product of a 30-week triplet pregnancy conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and evaluated by chorionic villi sampling (CVS). In this article, we review the possible pathogenetic mechanisms in this case, including IVF, multiple gestation, trauma to the uterus or uterine vessels following CVS, and placenta accreta. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the cumulative effects of all or some of these factors may have resulted in uteroplacental insufficiency adequate to produce this phenotype. This case provides additional evidence for the uterine vascular pathogenesis of OEIS complex in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/embryology
- Abnormalities, Multiple/etiology
- Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology
- Anus, Imperforate/embryology
- Anus, Imperforate/etiology
- Anus, Imperforate/pathology
- Bladder Exstrophy/embryology
- Bladder Exstrophy/etiology
- Bladder Exstrophy/pathology
- Chorionic Villi Sampling
- Female
- Fertilization in Vitro
- Hernia, Umbilical/embryology
- Hernia, Umbilical/etiology
- Hernia, Umbilical/pathology
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Male
- Maternal Age
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy, High-Risk
- Spinal Dysraphism/embryology
- Spinal Dysraphism/etiology
- Spinal Dysraphism/pathology
- Triplets
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan L Shanske
- Center for Congenital Disorders, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10467, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Massive acute thymic haemorrhage in the neonate occurs extremely rarely and is associated with haemorrhagic disease of the newborn. A 30 year old woman with an unremarkable previous obstetric history presenting at 37 weeks and 4 days gestation with the complaint of loss of fetal movement was found to have a male fetus with findings at necropsy of massive acute thymic haemorrhage, acute intracranial haemorrhage, and hydrops fetalis. This is the first report of massive acute thymic haemorrhage in utero. Massive thymic haemorrhage should be added to the reported causes of lethal non-immunological hydrops.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Saksenberg
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer, Second Floor, Bronx, NY 10461-2373, USA
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16
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Berkovitch M, Eshel G, Lushkov G, Reznik S, Chen-Levy Z, Pinto O, Koren G. The effect of diazepam in the recovery of rabbits from acute acetaminophen intoxication. Ther Drug Monit 1999; 21:267-73. [PMID: 10365635 DOI: 10.1097/00007691-199906000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that diazepam can reduce mortality of acute iron overdose in rats. The mechanism for that effect is not yet defined. Our objective in the present study was to assess whether diazepam can similarly reduce mortality of experimental acute acetaminophen intoxication. Survival of rabbits was compared among four groups receiving 3 g/kg (body weight) of acetaminophen (LD40) orally each, followed by: 1) nothing (group I), 2) one oral dose of 140 mg/kg N-acetylcystein (NAC) an hour later (group II), 3) intramuscular injection of 7 mg/kg diazepam (group III), 4) intramuscular injection of 7 mg/kg diazepam and one oral dose of 140 mg/kg NAC an hour later (group IV). 37.5% of rabbits in group I died after 16 hours, whereas none of the rabbits in group III died, (p = 0.04). No animal died during the 96-hour observation period in groups II and IV. Two and four hours post drug administration, acetaminophen plasma concentrations (APC) were significantly lower among rabbits in group III than in group I (p = 0.0007 and 0.01, respectively) and significantly lower among rabbits in group IV than in those in group II (p<0.0001 and p = 0.03, respectively). Acetaminophen plasma concentrations 2 hours after drug administration were also significantly lower among rabbits in group III than in those in group II (p = 0.0002). Seven and 24 hours after dosage, APC tended to be higher among rabbits in group III than in those in group I, but not significantly so. Administration of diazepam without NAC did not prevent liver and renal dysfunction. We conclude that early administration of diazepam in acute experimental acetaminophen overdose in rabbits reduced APC and mortality, probably by slowing intestinal motility, which resulted in delayed acetaminophen absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Berkovitch
- Department of Pediatrics, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
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17
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Nath RK, Kwon B, Mackinnon SE, Jensen JN, Reznik S, Boutros S. Antibody to transforming growth factor beta reduces collagen production in injured peripheral nerve. Plast Reconstr Surg 1998; 102:1100-6; discussion 1107-8. [PMID: 9734429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epineurial scarring in peripheral nerve after injury inhibits normal axonal regeneration primarily due to fibroblast deposition of type I collagen. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) family is an important class of signaling molecules that has been shown to stimulate fibroblasts to produce collagen. The aim of this study was to design a prototypic therapeutic system in which the neutralization of TGF-beta in crushed rat sciatic nerve would decrease collagen formation. A total of 45 experimental Lewis rats were used. Group 1 animals (20 rats) sustained a unilateral crush injury to the sciatic nerve with injection of phosphate buffer solution. Group 2 animals (20 rats) sustained a unilateral crush injury to the sciatic nerve with injection of phosphate-buffered saline and goat, anti-rat, panspecific TGF-beta antibody. Group 3 control animals (five rats) underwent only exposure of sciatic nerve with injection of antibody. All animals were killed at 14 days and sciatic nerve specimens were harvested at that time. Slides of experimental tissue were processed using a 35S-labeled oligomer for procollagen alpha-1 mRNA, then dipped in photographic emulsion and examined by darkfield autoradiography. Morphometric analysis of pixel counts was then performed. A significant reduction in total pixel count per high-power field and in total number of fibroblasts per high-power field was found in crushed rat sciatic nerve treated with anti-TGF-beta antibody when compared with those treated only with phosphate-buffered saline. These findings are consistent with successful reduction in procollagen induction after a crush injury by topical administration of blocking antibody against transforming growth factor beta. The concept of growth factor blockade for therapeutic collagen reduction is attractive in the context of nerve injury, and the current article provides a model for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Nath
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Reznik S. "Skinny lips". Mod Pathol 1994; 7:714-5. [PMID: 7991531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Lasdun A, Reznik S, Molineaux CJ, Orlowski M. Inhibition of endopeptidase 24.15 slows the in vivo degradation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1989; 251:439-47. [PMID: 2681686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endopeptidase (EP) 24.15 cleaves the Tyr5-Gly6 bond of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2), and is the primary LHRH degrading enzyme in pituitary and hypothalamic membrane preparations. Potent and specific inhibitors were used to identify the enzymes involved in the in vivo degradation of LHRH. After i.c.v. administration of LHRH, only about 1% of the peptide was recovered from brain after 1 hr. Concurrent administration of LHRH and N-[1-(RS)-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-Ala-Ala-Phe-p-aminobenzoate (cFP-AAF-pAB), a specific inhibitor of EP 24.15, led to a more than 10-fold increase in LHRH recovery. Administration of N-[1-(RS)-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-Phe-pAB (cFP-F-pAB) or captopril, inhibitors of "enkephalinase" (EP 24.11) and angiotensin converting enzyme, respectively, did not significantly increase LHRH recovery. Intravenous administration of LHRH and either cFP-F-pAB or cFP-AAF-pAB but not captopril, led to an increase in the half-life of LHRH from 10 min to 15 and 20 min, respectively. Concurrent administration of both inhibitors resulted in a dramatic 8-fold increase in the half-life of LHRH, similar to values reported for "superactive" analogs of LHRH which are rendered resistant to enzymatic degradation by introduction of a D-amino acid in position 6. Concentrations of plasma LHRH 65 to 80 min after administration of inhibitors were 100- to 200-fold higher than those in controls. The potentiating effect of cFP-F-pAB resulted from inhibition of the in vivo degradation of cFP-AAF-pAB by EP 24.11.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lasdun
- Department of Pharmacology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, City University of New York
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Orlowski M, Reznik S, Ayala J, Pierotti AR. Endopeptidase 24.15 from rat testes. Isolation of the enzyme and its specificity toward synthetic and natural peptides, including enkephalin-containing peptides. Biochem J 1989; 261:951-8. [PMID: 2803255 PMCID: PMC1138921 DOI: 10.1042/bj2610951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Endopeptidase 24.15, a metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.15) with an Mr of about 70,000, was purified to homogeneity from rat testes. The enzyme cleaves preferentially bonds on the carboxyl side of hydrophobic amino acids. Secondary enzyme-substrate interactions at sites removed from the scissile bond are indicated by the finding that a hydrophobic or bulky residue in the P3' position greatly contributes to substrate binding and catalytic efficiency. The isolated enzyme is inhibited by metal chelators and by thiols. Loss of enzymic activity after dialysis against EDTA can be restored by low concentrations of Zn2+ and Co2+ ions. The rate of reaction of the Co2+ enzyme with a synthetic substrate was higher than that of the Zn2+ enzyme. These results are consistent with the classification of the enzyme as a metalloendopeptidase. N-Carboxymethyl peptides that fulfil the binding requirements of the substrate recognition site of the enzyme act as potent competitive inhibitors. Biologically active peptides such as luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, bradykinin and neurotensin are cleaved at sites consistent with the specificity of the enzyme deduced from studies with synthetic peptides. Dynorphin A (1-8)-peptide, beta-neoendorphin, metorphamide, and Metenkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 are rapidly converted to the corresponding enkephalins. The testis enzyme is catalytically and immunologically closely related to the previously identified brain enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Orlowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine City University of New York, NY 10029
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Vaughn C, Chapman J, Chinn B, Ward D, Groshko G, Maniscalco B, Reznik S, Piper D. Activity of 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin C, and methyl CCNU in inoperable adenocarcinoma of pancreas. Am J Clin Oncol 1989; 12:49-52. [PMID: 2492142 DOI: 10.1097/00000421-198902000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-two patients with inoperable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), mitomycin C (Mito-C), and 1(-2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (MeCCNU). Fifteen were evaluable by completing 2 months of therapy. Two patients achieved a complete remission with the above combination. A partial remission seen in four other patients, which produced a response rate of 40% of evaluable, and 27% of entered, patients. Three had stable disease. The average time to progression in this study was 8 months. This combination was well tolerated and no deaths were secondary to drug therapy. Mucositis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hyperpigmentation were the significant toxicities seen in this study. These observations are worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vaughn
- Oncology Service, Providence Hospital, Southfield, Michigan 48075
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