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Hwang I, Ji SC, Oh J, Kim H, Cha H, Kim J, Lee CS, Yu KS, Lee S. Randomised clinical trial: Safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of zastaprazan (JP-1366), a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, in healthy subjects. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 57:763-772. [PMID: 36732884 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zastaprazan (JP-1366) is a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker with favourable preclinical safety and efficacy profile being developed for the treatment of acid-related diseases. AIMS To investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of zastaprazan. METHODS A randomised, open-label, placebo- and active-controlled, single and multiple ascending dose clinical trial was conducted in healthy Korean male subjects. Intragatric pH and serum gastrin were measured to assess the pharmacodynamics, while serial blood and urine samples were collected to assess the pharmacokinetics. Pharmacogenomic evaluation was conducted to explore genetic variants, which can affect the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Safety and tolerability including hepatotoxicity were evaluated. RESULTS Suppression of gastric acid secretion increased as the dose of zastaprazan increased. The percentage of time that gastric pH was over 4 (%Time pH >4) with zastaprazan 20 mg (85.19%) and 40 mg (91.84%) were similar to or greater than that with esomeprazole 40 mg (72.06%). Zastaprazan was rapidly absorbed within 2 h and eliminated with a half-life of 6-10 h. Pharmacogenomic analysis found no genetic variant of drug metabolising enzymes including CYP2C19 or drug transporters associated with the exposure of zastaprazan. Zastaprazan was well tolerated with no clinically significant changes in safety and tolerability assessments. CONCLUSIONS Zastaprazan was safe and well tolerated after a single oral dose up to 60 mg and multiple oral doses up to 40 mg. It also showed rapid, potent suppression of gastric acid secretion. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile of zastaprazan was suitable for treatment of patients with acid-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyoung Hwang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chun Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseong Oh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Onconic Therapeutics Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Cha
- Onconic Therapeutics Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - John Kim
- Onconic Therapeutics Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SeungHwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hwang JG, Jeong SI, Kim YK, Lee Y, Ji SC, Lee S, Park MK. Common ABCB1 SNP, C3435T could affect systemic exposure of dapagliflozin in healthy subject. Transl Clin Pharmacol 2022; 30:212-225. [PMID: 36632075 PMCID: PMC9810488 DOI: 10.12793/tcp.2022.30.e23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a transporter that plays an excretory role in epithelial cells. It is encoded by ABCB1, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this gene can affect systemic drug exposure. Dapagliflozin and sitagliptin, used in type 2 diabetes treatment, are P-gp substrates. Here, we aimed to investigate whether ABCB1 polymorphisms affect dapagliflozin and sitagliptin pharmacokinetics (PK) in healthy Korean subjects. The study population consisted of 100 healthy Korean subjects (94 men and 6 women) who participated in four different clinical trials and received dapagliflozin and sitagliptin doses of 10 and 100 mg, respectively. We determined ABCB1 genotypes for the C3435T, C1236T, and G2677T/A SNPs. The relationship between the genotypes and dapagliflozin PKs was examined. Dapagliflozin and sitagliptin PK parameters were not statistically significantly affected by ABCB1 SNP genotypes. However, homozygous 3435TT subjects showed higher dapagliflozin PK parameters than CT and CC subjects. In subjects with the 3435TT and those with 3435CC and 3435CT genotypes, mean Cmax, AUCinf, and AUC0-1 values of dapagliflozin were 223.06 ng/mL and 194.81 ng /mL (p = 0.2767), 673.58 ng*h/mL and 573.96 ng*h/mL (p = 0.0492), and 128.53 ng*h/mL and 104.61 ng*h/mL (p = 0.2678), respectively. In summary, dapagliflozin and sitagliptin PK parameters were not significantly different between individuals with C1236T and C2677T/A ABCB1 genetic polymorphisms. Dapagliflozin exhibited higher systemic exposure in 3435TT subjects than in CC/CT subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gi Hwang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sae Im Jeong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yu Kyong Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sang Chun Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - SeungHwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Min Kyu Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Kim AH, Lee Y, Kim E, Ji SC, Chung JY, Cho JY. Assessment of Oral Vancomycin-Induced Alterations in Gut Bacterial Microbiota and Metabolome of Healthy Men. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:629438. [PMID: 34123865 PMCID: PMC8190408 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.629438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several classes of antibiotics have reduced the mortality caused by infectious diseases; however, orally administered antibiotics alter the composition of gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis-related disease. Therefore, in this study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing- and metabolomics-based approaches to investigate the effects of oral vancomycin on gut bacterial microbiota and the metabolome in biospecimens collected from healthy men. Samples collected from 11 healthy men were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to analyze the gut bacterial microbiota, and GC-TOFMS-based untargeted metabolomics was performed to analyze fecal, urine, and plasma metabolomics. Spearman's rank correlation was utilized to explore the associations between gut bacterial microbiota and metabolome. Fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed decreased relative abundance of genera belonging to the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and increased relative abundance of genera of the phyla Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria. Fecal metabolomics analysis showed that levels of uracil, L-aspartic acid, lithocholic acid, and deoxycholic acid were significantly higher at baseline, whereas that of dihydrouracil was significantly higher after vancomycin administration. No significant metabolic markers were selected from urine and plasma metabolomics analysis. This study demonstrates that oral vancomycin administration induces alterations in gut bacterial microbiota and metabolome. Correlation analysis between our two datasets shows that alteration of the gut bacterial microbiota, induced by oral vancomycin, potentially affected the systemic activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase. This correlation should be further examined in future studies to define the effects of gut bacterial microbiota on drug-metabolizing enzymes, thereby contributing to the development of personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew HyoungJin Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunwoo Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Chun Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Chung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim E, Kim AH, Lee Y, Ji SC, Cho JY, Yu KS, Chung JY. Effects of vancomycin-induced gut microbiome alteration on the pharmacodynamics of metformin in healthy male subjects. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:1955-1966. [PMID: 33982376 PMCID: PMC8504811 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a major treatment for type 2 diabetes. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of gut microbiome dysbiosis on the pharmacokinetics and antihyperglycemic effects of metformin. Healthy adult males aged 19-45 years with no defecation abnormalities were recruited for this 4-period clinical study: baseline; post-metformin (i.e., multiple oral doses of 1000 mg metformin on days 1-4); post-vancomycin (i.e., multiple oral doses of 500 mg vancomycin on days 11-17 inducing gut microbiome changes); and post-metformin + vancomycin (i.e., multiple oral doses of 1000 mg metformin on days 16-19). In each period, serum glucose and insulin concentrations following an oral glucose tolerance test, fecal samples for gut microbiome composition, and safety data were obtained. Following metformin dosing, plasma and urine samples for pharmacokinetics were collected. Nine subjects completed the study. The pharmacokinetics of metformin remained unchanged, and the antihyperglycemic effect was significantly decreased after vancomycin administration (p value = 0.039), demonstrating the weak relationship between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin. Relative abundances of some genus were changed after vancomycin administration, and tended to correlate with the antihyperglycemic effects of metformin (p value = 0.062 for Erysipelatoclostridium; p value = 0.039 for Enterobacter; and p value = 0.086 for Faecalibacterium). Adverse events occurred in all subjects and were resolved without sequelae. In conclusion, a decrease in the antihyperglycemic effect of metformin was observed after concomitant administration with vancomycin, without changes in metformin pharmacokinetics. The antihyperglycemic effect was tended to correlate with the relative abundance of several genus, suggesting that the effect of metformin is partly attributable to the gut microbiome (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03809260).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunwoo Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Andrew Hyoungjin Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Chun Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Chung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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Lee S, Lee Y, Kim AH, Yoon S, Lee J, Ji SC, Yoon SH, Lee S, Yu KS, Jang IJ, Cho JY. Urinary metabolic markers reflect on hepatic, not intestinal, CYP3A activity in healthy subjects. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 36:100374. [PMID: 33348239 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) plays an important role in oral drug metabolism, but only endogenous metabolic markers for measuring hepatic CYP3A activity were identified. Our study evaluated whether hepatic CYP3A markers reflected intestinal CYP3A activity. An open-label, three-period, six-treatment, one-sequence clinical trial was performed in 16 healthy Korean males. In the control phase, all subjects received a single dose of intravenous (IV) and oral midazolam (1 mg and 5 mg, respectively). Clarithromycin (500 mg) was administered twice daily for 4 days to inhibit hepatic and intestinal CYP3A, and 500 mL of grapefruit juice was given to inhibit intestinal CYP3A. Clarithromycin significantly inhibited total CYP3A activity, and the clearance of IV and apparent clearance of oral midazolam decreased by 0.15- and 0.32-fold, respectively. Grapefruit juice only reduced the apparent clearance of oral midazolam by 0.84-fold, which indicates a slight inhibition of intestinal CYP3A activity. Urinary markers, including 6β-OH-cortisol/cortisol and 6β-OH-cortisone/cortisone, were significantly decreased 0.5-fold after clarithromycin administration but not after grapefruit juice. The fold changes in 6β-OH-cortisol/cortisol and 6β-OH-cortisone/cortisone did not correlate to changes in intestinal availability but did correlate to hepatic availability. In conclusion, endogenous metabolic markers are only useful to measure hepatic, but not intestinal, CYP3A activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Andrew HyoungJin Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
| | - Sumin Yoon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jieon Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Chun Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo Hyun Yoon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - SeungHwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Sunwoo J, Ji SC, Oh J, Ban MS, Nam JY, Kim B, Song GS, Yu KS, Jang IJ, Lee S. Pharmacodynamics of tegoprazan and revaprazan after single and multiple oral doses in healthy subjects. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 52:1640-1647. [PMID: 33131095 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs) are emerging as novel treatments for acid-related disorders including gastroesophageal reflux disease. Tegoprazan and revaprazan are approved P-CABs in South Korea, but the pharmacodynamics and safety/tolerability of the two drugs have never been compared. AIMS To evaluate the pharmacodynamics and safety/tolerability of tegoprazan and revaprazan after single and multiple oral doses METHODS: A randomised, open-label, active-controlled study was conducted in Helicobacter pylori-negative healthy Korean male subjects. Tegoprazan 50 mg or revaprazan 200 mg was administered orally, once daily for 7 days; 24-h intragastric pH monitoring and serum gastrin were measured for pharmacodynamic evaluation. Safety parameters including serum microRNA-122 (miR-122) level were also collected. RESULTS After a single dose, the %Time pH ≥4 for tegoprazan was greater than that for revaprazan (54.5% vs 25.1%). After multiple doses, the %Time pH ≥4 for tegoprazan was also greater than that for revaprazan (68.2% vs 25.3%). %Time pH ≥4 during 12 hours at nighttime for tegoprazan was greater than that for revaprazan (71.8% vs 31.9%). The changes in the serum gastrin were not clinically significant for either drug. Despite the slight increases of serum miR-122 for each drug, tegoprazan and revaprazan were well tolerated considering other safety parameters including AST and ALT levels. CONCLUSION Tegoprazan 50 mg showed stronger gastric acid suppression than revaorazan 200 mg. Both drugs were well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Sunwoo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chun Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseong Oh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu Seong Ban
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Nam
- Division of Clinical Development, HK inno.N Corp., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongtae Kim
- Division of Clinical Development, HK inno.N Corp., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Seog Song
- Division of Clinical Development, HK inno.N Corp., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SeungHwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee S, Kim AH, Yoon S, Lee J, Lee Y, Ji SC, Yoon SH, Lee S, Yu KS, Jang IJ, Cho JY. The utility of CYP3A activity endogenous markers for evaluating drug-drug interaction between sildenafil and CYP3A inhibitors in healthy subjects. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 36:100368. [PMID: 33348240 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A-related drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies are needed during drug development to determine clinical interaction effects. We aimed to evaluate DDI between sildenafil and two CYP3A inhibitors, clarithromycin and itraconazole, regarding the changes in pharmacokinetics and endogenous markers. An open-label, one-sequence, one-period, two-treatment parallel study was conducted in 32 healthy Korean subjects. Each of 16 subjects were randomly assigned to the clarithromycin and itraconazole groups. Both groups received a single dose of sildenafil 25 mg as a control, and either clarithromycin 250 mg or itraconazole 100 mg was administered four times to inhibit CYP3A activity. Pharmacokinetics of sildenafil showed the similar magnitude of inhibitory effects of the two inhibitors on total CYP3A activity; both inhibitors similarly increased systemic exposure of sildenafil by 2-fold. Urinary 6β-OH-cortisone/cortisone and plasma 4β-OH-cholesterol were significantly decreased after clarithromycin administration but not after itraconazole. A significant correlation between sildenafil CL/F and metabolic markers of CYP3A activity was observed after clarithromycin administration. We confirmed that sildenafil has moderate pharmacokinetic interaction with clarithromycin and itraconazole. Endogenous markers well reflected the CYP3A inhibition of clarithromycin, suggesting possible utility in DDI study with moderate to strong CYP3A inhibition; however, there are limitations in predicting intestinal CYP3A mediated DDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Andrew HyoungJin Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
| | - Sumin Yoon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jieon Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Chun Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo Hyun Yoon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - SeungHwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Sunwoo J, Ji SC, Kim AH, Yu K, Cho J, Jang I, Lee S. Impact of Vancomycin-Induced Changes in the Intestinal Microbiota on the Pharmacokinetics of Simvastatin. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 13:752-760. [PMID: 32058642 PMCID: PMC7359932 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of drugs are affected in several ways by interactions with microbiota. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oral vancomycin on the gut microbiota and, consequently, on the PKs of simvastatin. An open-label, single arm, sequential crossover study was conducted in six healthy Korean male subjects. After 6 days on a control diet, simvastatin 40 mg was orally administered to the subjects before and after 1 week of oral vancomycin treatment. Blood samples for PK analysis and fecal samples for metagenomic and metabolomic analyses were collected. After vancomycin treatment, the richness of microbiota considerably decreased, and the composition was altered. In particular, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased, whereas that of proteobacteria increased. In addition, changes in fecal metabolites, including D-glucuronic acid, were observed. However, systemic exposure of simvastatin was not changed whereas that of hydroxysimvastatin showed a tendency to increase. The relationship between the change of PKs of simvastatin and the change of gut microbiota and fecal metabolites were not clearly observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Sunwoo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Sang Chun Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Andrew HyoungJin Kim
- Department of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Kyung‐Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Joo‐Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - In‐Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - SeungHwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and HospitalSeoulKorea
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Han KH, Kim B, Ji SC, Kang HG, Cheong HI, Cho JY, Ha IS. Mechanism of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression and Novel Biomarkers: A Metabolomic Analysis of Experimental Glomerulonephritis. Metabolites 2020; 10:E169. [PMID: 32344531 PMCID: PMC7240957 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10040169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While a complex network of cellular and molecular events is known to be involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the divergence point between reversal and progression and the event that triggers CKD progression are still unknown. To understand the different mechanisms between reversible and irreversible kidney disease and to search for urinary biomarkers that can predict prognosis, a metabolomic analysis was applied to compare acute and chronic experimental glomerulonephritis (GN) models. Four metabolites, namely, epoxyoctadecenoic acid (EpOME), epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (EpETE), α-linolenic acid (ALA), and hydroxyretinoic acid, were identified as predictive markers after comparing the chronic nephritis model with acute nephritis and control groups (false discovery rate adjusted p-value (q-value) < 0.05). Renal mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 and epoxide hydrolase was also identified as being involved in the production of epoxide metabolites from these polyunsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.05). These results suggested that the progression of chronic kidney disease is associated with abnormally activated epoxide hydrolase, leading to an increase in EpOME and EpETE as pro-inflammatory eicosanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Hee Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Aran 13gil 15, Jeju-si, Jeju 63241, Korea;
| | - Bora Kim
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (B.K.); (S.C.J.); (H.G.K.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sang Chun Ji
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (B.K.); (S.C.J.); (H.G.K.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hee Gyung Kang
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (B.K.); (S.C.J.); (H.G.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Hae Il Cheong
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Il-Soo Ha
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (B.K.); (S.C.J.); (H.G.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea;
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Kim DJ, Yoon S, Ji SC, Yang J, Kim YK, Lee S, Yu KS, Jang IJ, Chung JY, Cho JY. Author Correction: Ursodeoxycholic acid improves liver function via phenylalanine/tyrosine pathway and microbiome remodelling in patients with liver dysfunction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17003. [PMID: 31719650 PMCID: PMC6851095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Da Jung Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonghae Yoon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sang Chun Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - SeungHwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Chung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea. .,Metabolomics Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Lee S, Yoon S, Chung H, Ji SC, Yoon SH, Yu K, Cho J, Chung J. Pharmacokinetics of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Elderly Volunteers Compared With Younger Adults in a Korean Population. J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 59:1085-1092. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghae Yoon
- Clinical Trials CenterSeoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Chung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and ToxicologyKorea University Guro HospitalSeoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chun Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Yoon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Joo‐Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Yong Chung
- Clinical Trials CenterSeoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and Bundang Hospital Seongnam Republic of Korea
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12
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Kim DJ, Chung H, Ji SC, Lee S, Yu KS, Jang IJ, Cho JY. Ursodeoxycholic acid exerts hepatoprotective effects by regulating amino acid, flavonoid, and fatty acid metabolic pathways. Metabolomics 2019; 15:30. [PMID: 30830474 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is an intestinal bacterial metabolite with hepatoprotective effects. However, molecular mechanisms underlying its effects remain unclear. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of UDCA by using global metabolomics analyses in healthy subjects. METHODS Healthy Korean men were administered UDCA at dosage of 400, 800, or 1200 mg daily for 2 weeks. Serum samples were collected and used for liver function tests and to determine miR-122 expression levels. Urinary and plasma global metabolomics analyses were conducted using a liquid chromatography system coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/QTOFMS) and gas chromatography-TOFMS (GC/TOFMS). Unsupervised multivariate analysis (principal component analysis) was performed to identify discriminative markers before and after treatment. RESULTS Alanine transaminase score and serum miR-122 levels decreased significantly after 2 weeks of treatment. Through LC- and GC-based metabolomic profiling, we identified 40 differential metabolites in plasma and urine samples. CONCLUSIONS Regulation of liver function scores and metabolic alternations highlight the potential hepatoprotective action of UDCA, which were primarily associated with amino acid, flavonoid, and fatty acid metabolism in healthy men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Jung Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Chung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Chun Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - SeungHwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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13
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Kim DJ, Yoon S, Ji SC, Yang J, Kim YK, Lee S, Yu KS, Jang IJ, Chung JY, Cho JY. Ursodeoxycholic acid improves liver function via phenylalanine/tyrosine pathway and microbiome remodelling in patients with liver dysfunction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11874. [PMID: 30089798 PMCID: PMC6082879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a metabolic by-product of intestinal bacteria, showing hepatoprotective effects. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the action mechanisms underlying the protective effects of UDCA and vitamin E against liver dysfunction using metabolomics and metagenomic analysis. In this study, we analysed blood and urine samples from patients with obesity and liver dysfunction. Nine patients were randomly assigned to receive UDCA (300 mg twice daily), and 10 subjects received vitamin E (400 IU twice daily) for 8 weeks. UDCA significantly improved the liver function scores after 4 weeks of treatment and effectively reduced hepatic deoxycholic acid and serum microRNA-122 levels. To better understand its protective mechanism, a global metabolomics study was conducted, and we found that UDCA regulated uremic toxins (hippuric acid, p-cresol sulphate, and indole-derived metabolites), antioxidants (ascorbate sulphate and N-acetyl-L-cysteine), and the phenylalanine/tyrosine pathway. Furthermore, microbiome involvement, particularly of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, was demonstrated through metagenomic analysis of bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles. Meanwhile, vitamin E treatment did not result in such alterations, except that it reduced uremic toxins and liver dysfunction. Our findings suggested that both treatments were effective in improving liver function, albeit via different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Jung Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonghae Yoon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sang Chun Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - SeungHwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Chung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea. .,Metabolomics Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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14
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Sunwoo J, Oh J, Moon SJ, Ji SC, Lee SH, Yu KS, Kim HS, Lee A, Jang IJ. Safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of DWP14012, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, in healthy male subjects. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 48:206-218. [PMID: 29863280 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, DWP14012, is in clinical development as a potential alternative to proton pump inhibitors for the treatment of acid-related diseases. AIMS To evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of DWP14012 in humans. METHODS A randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo- and active-controlled, single- and multiple-ascending dose (SAD and MAD, respectively) study was conducted in healthy male subjects without Helicobacter pylori infection. Subjects randomly received a single oral dose of 10-320 mg DWP14012, esomeprazole (active comparator) or placebo in the SAD study (n = 72) and once daily doses of 20-160 mg DWP14012, esomeprazole or placebo for 7 days in the MAD study (n = 48; 8:2:2). Tolerability was evaluated using a microRNA-122 assay. Pharmacodynamics were evaluated through 24-hour gastric pH monitoring, and pharmacokinetics were evaluated plasma and urine DWP14012 concentrations. RESULTS DWP14012 was generally well tolerated. The liver toxicity of DWP14012 was not higher than that of placebo after multiple oral administrations. DWP14012 showed rapid and sustained suppression of gastric acid secretion for 24 hours after dosing. Clear dose-response and exposure-response relationships were observed. Plasma concentrations of DWP14012 increased in a dose-proportional manner in the MAD study, whereas in the SAD study, DWP14012 did not significantly accumulate in the plasma. CONCLUSIONS DWP14012 was well tolerated, and showed a rapid and long-lasting gastric acid suppression effect in healthy subjects. These results justify further investigation of DWP14012 in patients with acid-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sunwoo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Oh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Moon
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju-so, Korea
| | - S C Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - K-S Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - H S Kim
- Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, Korea
| | - A Lee
- Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, Korea
| | - I-J Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Kim A, Oh J, Kim B, Lee J, Ji SC, Lee S, Yu KS, Jang IJ, Cho JY. Evaluation of CYP3A activity among subjects with different CYP2C19 genotypes using endogenous metabolic markers. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2016.10.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Lee J, Ji SC, Kim B, Yi S, Shin KH, Cho JY, Lim KS, Lee SH, Yoon SH, Chung JY, Yu KS, Park HS, Kim SH, Jang IJ. Exploration of Biomarkers for Amoxicillin/Clavulanate-Induced Liver Injury: Multi-Omics Approaches. Clin Transl Sci 2016; 10:163-171. [PMID: 27785887 PMCID: PMC5421739 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore potential biomarkers for amoxicillin/clavulanate‐induced liver injury (AC‐DILI), we conducted a clinical trial in 32 healthy subjects based on multi‐omics approaches. Every subject was administered amoxicillin/clavulanate for 14 days. The liver‐specific microRNA‐122 (miR‐122) level increased prior to and correlated well with the observed alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level increase. This result indicates its potential as a sensitive early marker for AC‐DILI. We also identified urinary metabolites, such as azelaic acid and 7‐methylxanthine, with levels that significantly differed among the groups classified by ALT elevation level on day 8 after drug administration (P < 0.05). Lymphocyte proliferation in response to the drug was also observed. These findings demonstrate sequential changes in the process of AC‐DILI, including metabolic changes, increased miR‐122 level, increased liver enzyme activity, and enhanced lymphocyte proliferation after drug administration. In conclusion, this study provides potential biomarkers for AC‐DILI based on currently known mechanisms using comprehensive multi‐omics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S C Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - B Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Yi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - K H Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - J Y Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - K S Lim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA University School of Medicine and CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Yoon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Y Chung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - K S Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - H S Park
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - I J Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Oh J, Ji SC, Lee H, Yu KS, Jang IJ. Response to "Induction of both P-glycoprotein and specific cytochrome P450 by aspirin eventually does not alter the antithrombotic effect of clopidogrel". Clin Pharmacol Ther 2015; 97:325. [PMID: 25669937 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Oh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Ji SC, Pan YT, Lu QY, Sun ZY, Liu YZ. Screening of differentially expressed genes between multiple trauma patients with and without sepsis. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:1855-64. [PMID: 24668673 DOI: 10.4238/2014.march.17.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify critical genes associated with septic multiple trauma by comparing peripheral whole blood samples from multiple trauma patients with and without sepsis. A microarray data set was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. This data set included 70 samples, 36 from multiple trauma patients with sepsis and 34 from multiple trauma patients without sepsis (as a control set). The data were preprocessed, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were then screened for using packages of the R language. Functional analysis of DEGs was performed with DAVID. Interaction networks were then established for the most up- and down-regulated genes using HitPredict. Pathway-enrichment analysis was conducted for genes in the networks using WebGestalt. Fifty-eight DEGs were identified. The expression levels of PLAU (down-regulated) and MMP8 (up-regulated) presented the largest fold-changes, and interaction networks were established for these genes. Further analysis revealed that PLAT (plasminogen activator, tissue) and SERPINF2 (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade F, member 2), which interact with PLAU, play important roles in the pathway of the component and coagulation cascade. We hypothesize that PLAU is a major regulator of the component and coagulation cascade, and down-regulation of PLAU results in dysfunction of the pathway, causing sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Ji
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Y T Pan
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Y Lu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Y Sun
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Z Liu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China
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19
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Oh J, Shin D, Lim KS, Lee S, Jung KH, Chu K, Hong KS, Shin KH, Cho JY, Yoon SH, Ji SC, Yu KS, Lee H, Jang IJ. Aspirin decreases systemic exposure to clopidogrel through modulation of P-glycoprotein but does not alter its antithrombotic activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2014; 95:608-16. [PMID: 24566733 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2014.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Decreased oral clopidogrel absorption caused by induction of intestinal permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) expression after aspirin administration was observed in rats. This study evaluated the effect of aspirin coadministration on the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of clopidogrel in humans. A single 75-mg dose of clopidogrel was orally administered before and after 2 and 4 weeks of once-daily 100-mg aspirin administration in 18 healthy volunteers who were recruited based on CYP2C19 and PON1 genotypes. Plasma concentrations of clopidogrel and its active metabolite, H4, and relative platelet inhibition (RPI) were determined. The P-gp microRNA miR-27a increased by up to 7.67-fold (P = 0.004) and the clopidogrel area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) decreased by 14% (P > 0.05), but the AUC of H4 remained unchanged and RPI increased by up to 15% (P = 0.002) after aspirin administration. These findings indicate low-dose aspirin coadministration may decrease clopidogrel bioavailability but does not decrease its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - D Shin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - K S Lim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - K-H Jung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Chu
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - K S Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - K-H Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - J-Y Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Yoon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S C Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - K-S Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - I-J Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Yun SH, Ji SC, Jeon HJ, Wang X, Kim SW, Bak G, Lee Y, Lim HM. The CnuK9E H-NS complex antagonizes DNA binding of DicA and leads to temperature-dependent filamentous growth in E. coli. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45236. [PMID: 23028867 PMCID: PMC3441716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cnu (an OriC-binding nucleoid protein) associates with H-NS. A variant of Cnu was identified as a key factor for filamentous growth of a wild-type Escherichia coli strain at 37°C. This variant (CnuK9E) bears a substitution of a lysine to glutamic acid, causing a charge reversal in the first helix. The temperature-dependent filamentous growth of E. coli bearing CnuK9E could be reversed by either lowering the temperature to 25°C or lowering the CnuK9E concentration in the cell. Gene expression analysis suggested that downregulation of dicA by CnuK9E causes a burst of dicB transcription, which, in turn, elicits filamentous growth. In vivo assays indicated that DicA transcriptionally activates its own gene, by binding to its operator in a temperature-dependent manner. The antagonizing effect of CnuK9E with H-NS on DNA-binding activity of DicA was stronger at 37°C, presumably due to the lower operator binding of DicA at 37°C. These data suggest that the temperature-dependent negative effect of CnuK9E on DicA binding plays a major role in filamentous growth. The C-terminus of DicA shows significant amino acid sequence similarity to the DNA-binding domains of RovA and SlyA, regulators of pathogenic genes in Yersinia and Salmonella, respectively, which also show better DNA-binding activity at 25°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Yun
- Department of Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Taejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chun Ji
- Department of Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Taejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Jin Jeon
- Department of Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Taejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Taejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Wouk Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pioneer Research Center for Controlling of Harmful Algal Blooming, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunu Bak
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon M. Lim
- Department of Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Taejon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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21
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Yun SH, Ji SC, Jeon HJ, Wang X, Lee Y, Choi BS, Lim HM. A mutational study of Cnu reveals attractive forces between Cnu and H-NS. Mol Cells 2012; 33:211-6. [PMID: 22358512 PMCID: PMC3887714 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-0006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cnu is a small 71-amino acid protein that complexes with H-NS and binds to a specific sequence in the replication origin of the E. coli chromosome. To understand the mechanism of interaction between Cnu and H-NS, we used bacterial genetics to select and analyze Cnu variants that cannot complex with H-NS. Out of 2,000 colonies, 40 Cnu variants were identified. Most variants (82.5%) had a single mutation, but a few variants (17.5%) had double amino acid changes. An in vitro assay was used to identify Cnu variants that were truly defective in H-NS binding. The changes in these defective variants occurred exclusively at charged amino acids (Asp, Glu, or Lys) on the surface of the protein. We propose that the attractive force that governs the Cnu-H-NS interaction is an ionic bond, unlike the hydrophobic interaction that is the major attractive force in most proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Yun
- Department of Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
| | - Sang Chun Ji
- Department of Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
- Present address: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
| | - Heung Jin Jeon
- Department of Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
| | - Younghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
| | - Byong-Seok Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
| | - Heon M. Lim
- Department of Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
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Ji SC, Wang X, Yun SH, Jeon HJ, Lee HJ, Kim H, Lim HM. In vivo transcription dynamics of the galactose operon: a study on the promoter transition from P1 to P2 at onset of stationary phase. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17646. [PMID: 21445255 PMCID: PMC3060815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative analyses of the 5′ end of gal transcripts indicate that transcription from the galactose operon P1 promoter is higher during cell division. When cells are no longer dividing, however, transcription is initiated more often from the P2 promoter. Escherichia coli cells divide six times before the onset of the stationary phase when grown in LB containing 0.5% galactose at 37°C. Transcription from the two promoters increases, although at different rates, during early exponential phase (until the third cell division, OD600 0.4), and then reaches a plateau. The steady-state transcription from P1 continues in late exponential phase (the next three cell divisions, OD600 3.0), after which transcription from this promoter decreases. However, steady-state transcription from P2 continues 1 h longer into the stationary phase, before decreasing. This longer steady-state P2 transcription constitutes the promoter transition from P1 to P2 at the onset of the stationary phase. The intracellular cAMP concentration dictates P1 transcription dynamics; therefore, promoter transition may result from a lack of cAMP-CRP complex binding to the gal operon. The decay rate of gal-specific transcripts is constant through the six consecutive cell divisions that comprise the exponential growth phase, increases at the onset of the stationary phase, and is too low to be measured during the stationary phase. These data suggest that a regulatory mechanism coordinates the synthesis and decay of gal mRNAs to maintain the observed gal transcription. Our analysis indicates that the increase in P1 transcription is the result of cAMP-CRP binding to increasing numbers of galactose operons in the cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chun Ji
- Department of Biological Science, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Taejon, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Three assay methods for quantification of the two galactoseoperon mRNAs that only differ by 5 bases in their 5'-end are presented. The 5' ends of each mRNA were extended by ligating the 3'-end of the abundant 5S rRNA. This ligation extends the 5' ends of the two gal mRNAs long enough to be distinguished by the specific PCR primers in the following quantification reactions. Quantification of the corresponding cDNAs was performed either by primer extension assay or real-time qPCR. To circumvent the problem of the RNA ligation reaction (i.e. very low ligation efficiency), we devised a new method that employs real-time qPCR directly for the quantification of the gal transcripts which differ by 5 bases in their 5'-ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chun Ji
- Department of Biological Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Lee HJ, Jeon HJ, Ji SC, Yun SH, Lim HM. Establishment of an mRNA gradient depends on the promoter: an investigation of polarity in gene expression. J Mol Biol 2008; 378:318-27. [PMID: 18374359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We found six mRNA species specific to the galactose operon of Escherichia coli. Analyses of both ends of the mRNAs indicated that while the 5' ends are fixed at the promoter region, the 3' ends vary along the operon. The resulting gal mRNA map suggests generation of an mRNA concentration gradient that is higher in the promoter-proximal region and lower toward the distal region. Real-time RT-PCR analyses of the amount of each mRNA species confirmed the existence of the gradient. This gradient of mRNA concentration could serve as an underlying mechanism for the long known phenomenon "natural polarity." Further analyses of the 3' ends of the mRNAs showed that they are generated by either an unknown mRNA processing/transcription termination mechanism(s) or Rho-dependent intra-cistronic transcription termination. The results showed also that transcription from the P2 promoter can yield a more severe mRNA gradient than that from the P1 promoter, suggesting that the slope of the mRNA gradient depends on which promoter the transcription has initiated from. These results led us to suggest a novel gene regulation model in which transcription initiation is tightly coupled to mRNA processing and/or transcription termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Lee
- Department of Biology, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Taejon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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Ji SC, Kim D, Yoon JH, Lee CH. Metagenomic analysis of BTEX-contaminated forest soil microcosm. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 17:668-672. [PMID: 18051281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A microcosmal experiment using a metagenomic technique was designed to assess the effect of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) on an indigenous bacterial community in a Daejeon forest soil. A compositional shift of bacterial groups in an artificial BTEX-contaminated soil was examined by the 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE method. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNAs in the dominant DGGE bands showed that the number of Actinobacteria and Bacillus populations increased. To confirm these observations, we performed PCR to amplify the 23S rDNA and 16S rDNA against the sample metagenome using Actinobacteria-targeting and Bacilli-specific primer sets, respectively. The result further confirmed that a bacterial community containing Actinobacteria and Bacillus was affected by BTEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chun Ji
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
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Kim MS, Bae SH, Yun SH, Lee HJ, Ji SC, Lee JH, Srivastava P, Lee SH, Chae H, Lee Y, Choi BS, Chattoraj DK, Lim HM. Cnu, a novel oriC-binding protein of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 2005; 187:6998-7008. [PMID: 16199570 PMCID: PMC1251610 DOI: 10.1128/jb.187.20.6998-7008.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have found, using a newly developed genetic method, a protein (named Cnu, for oriC-binding nucleoid-associated) that binds to a specific 26-base-pair sequence (named cnb) in the origin of replication of Escherichia coli, oriC. Cnu is composed of 71 amino acids (8.4 kDa) and shows extensive amino acid identity to a group of proteins belonging to the Hha/YmoA family. Cnu was previously discovered as a protein that, like Hha, complexes with H-NS in vitro. Our in vivo and in vitro assays confirm the results and further suggest that the complex formation with H-NS is involved in Cnu/Hha binding to cnb. Unlike the hns mutants, elimination of either the cnu or hha gene did not disturb the growth rate, origin content, and synchrony of DNA replication initiation of the mutants compared to the wild-type cells. However, the cnu hha double mutant was moderately reduced in origin content. The Cnu/Hha complex with H-NS thus could play a role in optimal activity of oriC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Suk Kim
- Department of Biology, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Taejon, 305-764 Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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Ji SC, Conway JG, Thurman RG, Cha YN. Enhancement of O-dealkylation in mouse liver by dietary administrations of BHA and BHT: studies with isolated perfused livers and hepatic microsomes. Yonsei Med J 1986; 27:106-13. [PMID: 3092476 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.1986.27.2.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Ji SC. [Application of self-made wire guide apparatus for Smith-Petersen nailing (author's transl)]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 1981; 19:239-41. [PMID: 7261791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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