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Zahid H, Afzal N, Arif MM, Zahid M, Nawab S, Qasim MM, Alvi FN, Nazir S, Perveen I, Abbas N, Saleem Y, Mazhar S, Nawaz S, Faridi TA, Awan HMA, Syed Q, Abidi SHI. Microorganism-mediated biodegradation for effective management and/or removal of micro-plastics from the environment: a comprehensive review. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:198. [PMID: 38558101 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03904-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Micro- plastics (MPs) pose significant global threats, requiring an environment-friendly mode of decomposition. Microbial-mediated biodegradation and biodeterioration of micro-plastics (MPs) have been widely known for their cost-effectiveness, and environment-friendly techniques for removing MPs. MPs resistance to various biocidal microbes has also been reported by various studies. The biocidal resistance degree of biodegradability and/or microbiological susceptibility of MPs can be determined by defacement, structural deformation, erosion, degree of plasticizer degradation, metabolization, and/or solubilization of MPs. The degradation of microplastics involves microbial organisms like bacteria, mold, yeast, algae, and associated enzymes. Analytical and microbiological techniques monitor microplastic biodegradation, but no microbial organism can eliminate microplastics. MPs can pose environmental risks to aquatic and human life. Micro-plastic biodegradation involves fragmentation, assimilation, and mineralization, influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. Environmental factors and pre-treatment agents can naturally degrade large polymers or induce bio-fragmentation, which may impact their efficiency. A clear understanding of MPs pollution and the microbial degradation process is crucial for mitigating its effects. The study aimed to identify deteriogenic microorganism species that contribute to the biodegradation of micro-plastics (MPs). This knowledge is crucial for designing novel biodeterioration and biodegradation formulations, both lab-scale and industrial, that exhibit MPs-cidal actions, potentially predicting MPs-free aquatic and atmospheric environments. The study emphasizes the urgent need for global cooperation, research advancements, and public involvement to reduce micro-plastic contamination through policy proposals and improved waste management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Zahid
- Department of Public Health, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Afzal
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Maaz Arif
- Department of Medical Education, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Zahid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Samia Nawab
- Government Graduate College (W), Township, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Ishrat Perveen
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Naaz Abbas
- Minhaj University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Saleem
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sania Mazhar
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaista Nawaz
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Quratulain Syed
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hussain Imam Abidi
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
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2
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Abbas N, Riaz S, Mazhar S, Essa R, Maryam M, Saleem Y, Syed Q, Perveen I, Bukhari B, Ashfaq S, Abidi SHI. Microbial production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): biosynthetic pathways, physical parameter optimization, and health benefits. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:321. [PMID: 37642791 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and α-linolenic acid (ALA), are essential polyunsaturated fatty acids with diverse health benefits. The limited conversion of dietary DHA necessitates its consumption as food supplements. Omega-3 fatty acids possess anti-arrhythmic and anti-inflammatory capabilities, contributing to cardiovascular health. Additionally, DHA consumption is linked to improved vision, brain, and memory development. Furthermore, omega-3 fatty acids offer protection against various health conditions, such as celiac disease, Alzheimer's, hypertension, thrombosis, heart diseases, depression, diabetes, and certain cancers. Fish oil from pelagic cold-water fish remains the primary source of omega-3 fatty acids, but the global population burden creates a demand-supply gap. Thus, researchers have explored alternative sources, including microbial systems, for omega-3 production. Microbial sources, particularly oleaginous actinomycetes, microalgae like Nannochloropsis and among microbial systems, Thraustochytrids stand out as they can store up to 50% of their dry weight in lipids. The microbial production of omega-3 fatty acids is a potential solution to meet the global demand, as these microorganisms can utilize various carbon sources, including organic waste. The biosynthesis of omega-3 fatty acids involves both aerobic and anaerobic pathways, with bacterial polyketide and PKS-like PUFA synthase as essential enzymatic complexes. Optimization of physicochemical parameters, such as carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, temperature, and salinity, plays a crucial role in maximizing DHA production in microbial systems. Overall, microbial sources hold significant promise in meeting the global demand for omega-3 fatty acids, offering an efficient and sustainable solution for enhancing human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naaz Abbas
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Riaz
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sania Mazhar
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ramsha Essa
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maria Maryam
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Saleem
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Quratulain Syed
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Perveen
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bakhtawar Bukhari
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saira Ashfaq
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hussain Imam Abidi
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
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Rea K, Colom J, Simon EA, Khokhlova E, Mazhar S, Barrena M, Enrique M, Martorell P, Perez BA, Tortajada M, Phipps C, Deaton J. Evaluation of Bacillus clausii CSI08, Bacillus megaterium MIT411 and a Bacillus cocktail on gastrointestinal health: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Benef Microbes 2023; 14:165-182. [PMID: 37026366 DOI: 10.3920/bm2022.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the safety, tolerance and impact of 1×109 cfu Bacillus clausii CSI08, 1×109 cfu Bacillus megaterium MIT411 and a probiotic cocktail containing Bacillus subtilis DE111®, Bacillus megaterium MIT411, Bacillus coagulans CGI314, and Bacillus clausii CSI08 with a total count of 2.0×109 cfu administered daily were assessed as compared with a maltodextrin containing placebo control. A total of 98 study participants received daily doses for 45 days, followed by a washout period of 2 weeks. A questionnaire to capture the incidence and duration of upper respiratory tract, urinary tract and/or gastrointestinal complaints and a diary to capture stool regularity and consistency was kept daily to record compliance throughout the 45 days. Faecal and blood samples were collected for microbiological and haematological analysis at the start and end of the treatment period. The probiotic cocktail significantly decreased the incidence of loose stools throughout the entire study. The recorded respiratory, urinary and gastrointestinal symptoms, defecation frequency and other stool consistency were not influenced. No clinically relevant changes in blood parameters, such as liver and kidney function and no serious adverse events appeared during and after administration. There were no changes in symptoms including sadness, irritability, energy, appetite, tension, stress, sleep, cardiovascular events, aches and pains, and dizziness as determined by a mood questionnaire administered to participants at baseline and at the end of the treatment period. Similarly, the measured inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant levels, cholesterol, triglycerides, free amino acids or minerals remained unaffected. There were no negative changes in alpha or beta diversity of the microbiota with any of the treatment groups. These promising data suggest that these treatments were safe and well tolerated, and further work with larger cohorts are justified to determine the efficacy of these potential probiotics in select demographic groups. Trial registration number with clinicaltrials.gov at NCT04758845.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rea
- Deerland Ireland R&D Ltd./ADM, Food Science Building, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - J Colom
- Deerland Ireland R&D Ltd./ADM, Food Science Building, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - E A Simon
- Deerland Ireland R&D Ltd./ADM, Food Science Building, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - E Khokhlova
- Deerland Ireland R&D Ltd./ADM, Food Science Building, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - S Mazhar
- Deerland Ireland R&D Ltd./ADM, Food Science Building, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - M Barrena
- ADM Biopolis, Parc Cientific Universitat de Valencia, Catadratico Agustin Escardino Benlloch, 9. Edificio 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - M Enrique
- ADM Biopolis, Parc Cientific Universitat de Valencia, Catadratico Agustin Escardino Benlloch, 9. Edificio 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - P Martorell
- ADM Biopolis, Parc Cientific Universitat de Valencia, Catadratico Agustin Escardino Benlloch, 9. Edificio 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - B Alvarez Perez
- ADM Biopolis, Parc Cientific Universitat de Valencia, Catadratico Agustin Escardino Benlloch, 9. Edificio 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - M Tortajada
- ADM Biopolis, Parc Cientific Universitat de Valencia, Catadratico Agustin Escardino Benlloch, 9. Edificio 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - C Phipps
- Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes/ADM, 3800 Cobb International Boulevard Kennesaw, GA 30152, USA
| | - J Deaton
- Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes/ADM, 3800 Cobb International Boulevard Kennesaw, GA 30152, USA
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Colom J, Freitas D, Simon A, Khokhlova E, Mazhar S, Buckley M, Phipps C, Deaton J, Brodkorb A, Rea K. Acute physiological effects following Bacillus subtilis DE111 oral ingestion - a randomised, double blinded, placebo-controlled study. Benef Microbes 2023; 14:31-44. [PMID: 36790091 DOI: 10.3920/bm2022.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies using ileostomy samples from study participants demonstrated that the spore-forming probiotic Bacillus subtilis DE111® can germinate in the small intestine as early as 4 hours after ingestion. Metabolomics, proteomics and sequencing technologies, enabled further analysis of these samples for the presence of hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive molecules. In the DE111 treatment group, the polyphenols trigonelline and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, orotic acid, the non-essential amino acid cystine and the lipokine 12,13-diHome were increased. DE111 also reduced acetylcholine levels in the ileostomy samples, and increased the expression of leucocyte recruiting proteins, antimicrobial peptides and intestinal alkaline phosphatases of the brush border in the small intestine. The combination of B. subtilis DE111 and the diet administered during the study increased the expression of the proteins phosphodiesterase ENPP7, ceramidase ASAH2 and the adipokine Zn-alpha-2-glycoprotein that are involved in fatty acid and lipid metabolism. Acute B. subtilis DE111 ingestion had limited detectable effect on the microbiome, with the main change being its increased presence. These findings support previous data suggesting a beneficial role of DE111 in digestion, metabolism, and immune health that appears to begin within hours of consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Colom
- Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, Food Science Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - D Freitas
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - A Simon
- Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, Food Science Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - E Khokhlova
- Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, Food Science Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - S Mazhar
- Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, Food Science Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - M Buckley
- Mercy University Hospital, Grenville PI, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Phipps
- Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, 3800 Cobb International Boulevard Kennesaw, GA, USA 30152, USA
| | - J Deaton
- Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, 3800 Cobb International Boulevard Kennesaw, GA, USA 30152, USA
| | - A Brodkorb
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - K Rea
- Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, Food Science Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Riaz S, Mazhar S, Abidi SH, Syed Q, Abbas N, Saleem Y, Nadeem AA, Maryam M, Essa R, Ashfaq S. Biobutanol production from sustainable biomass process of anaerobic ABE fermentation for industrial applications. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:672. [PMID: 36251102 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The growing population increases the need to develop advanced biological methods for utilizing renewable and sustainable resources to produce environmentally friendly biofuels. Currently, energy resources are limited for global demand and are constantly depleting and creating environmental problems. Some higher chain alcohols, like butanol and ethanol, processing similar properties to gasoline, can be alternate sources of biofuel. However, the industrial production of these alcohols remains challenging because they cannot be efficiently produced by microbes naturally. Therefore, butanol is the most interesting biofuel candidate with a higher octane number produced naturally by microbes through Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol fermentation. Feedstock selection as the substrate is the most crucial step in biobutanol production. Lignocellulosic biomass has been widely used to produce cellulosic biobutanol using agricultural wastes and residue. Specific necessary pretreatments, fermentation strategies, bioreactor designing and kinetics, and modeling can also enhance the efficient production of biobutanol. The recent genetic engineering approaches of gene knock in, knock out, and overexpression to manipulate pathways can increase the production of biobutanol in a user friendly host organism. So far various genetic manipulation techniques like antisense RNA, TargeTron Technology and CRISPR have been used to target Clostridium acetobutylicum for biobutanol production. This review summarizes the recent research and development for the efficient production of biobutanol in various aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Riaz
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sania Mazhar
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hussain Abidi
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan.,Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Quratulain Syed
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Naaz Abbas
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Saleem
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abad Ali Nadeem
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maria Maryam
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ramsha Essa
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saira Ashfaq
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
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Batool SS, Gilani SR, Zainab SS, Harrison WTA, Tahir MN, Haider MS, Syed Q, Mazhar S, Shoaib M. Synthesis, crystal structure, thermal studies, and antimicrobial activity of benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate-copper(II) based coordination polymer incorporating N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Shahzadi Batool
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Post Graduate Islamia college (W), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Rubina Gilani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Sakina Zainab
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Post Graduate Islamia college (W), Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Quratulain Syed
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sania Mazhar
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan
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Batool SS, Gilani SR, Zainab SS, Tahir MN, Harrison WTA, Haider MS, Syed Q, Mazhar S, Shoaib M. Synthesis, structural elucidation, thermal and antimicrobial studies of a heteroleptic Cu(II) complex incorporating hydrogen phthalate and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1922896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Shahzadi Batool
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Post Graduate Islamia College (W), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Rubina Gilani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Sakina Zainab
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Post Graduate Islamia College (W), Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Quratulain Syed
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sania Mazhar
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan
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Maqsood H, Younus S, Qazi S, Mazhar S, Ghaffar U, Basit A. Comparison and risk stratification of patients presenting with syncope in emergency department. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab061.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Introduction :
Syncope is the sudden loss of consciousness, associated with an inability to maintain postural tone, with immediate and spontaneous recovery without requiring electrical or chemical cardioversion. It is a common condition associated with frequent hospitalization or visits to the emergency department. It has a prevalence of 40%, considering a lifetime of 70 years and an annual incidence of 6%. The prognosis after syncope ranges from relatively benign for vasovagal to poor for ventricular tachyarrhythmia, but invariably creates anxiety and potentially life-changing disruption demanding timely resolution Overall, morbidity and mortality in syncope patients are low, but 1-year mortality can reach significantly higher in certain subgroups.
Purpose :
To compare the mortality rates in men and women so that management of the disease and comorbidities can be done accordingly.
Methods :
Anyone who presented to the ED with transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) between 2015 and 2018 (n = 11,718) underwent evaluation for syncope. Initial evaluation included history, physical exam, orthostatic blood pressure, heart rate measurement and a 12-lead ECG with or without echocardiogram. All patients were followed up from their initial ED visit until either April 30, 2019, or death, whichever occurred first.
Results :
Among the patients who presented to the ED, 1,011 (8.62%) females and 1,391 (11.87%) males were admitted to inpatient facilities. The median age of females at the time of diagnosis was 49 years as compared to 54 years for males. Moreover, females had fewer comorbidities (67.9% with Charlson/Deyo comorbidity score of 0) as compared to males (61.8% with Charlson/Deyo comorbidity score of 0). At 30 days, among those admitted, females had a mortality rate of 2.2% vs. 5.1% for males, and among those discharged, females had a mortality rate of 0.1% vs. 0.6% for males (P < .001 for both). At 1 year, among those admitted, females had a mortality rate of 10.9% vs. 15.6% for males, and among those discharged, females had a mortality rate of 1.8% vs. 3.2% for males (P < .001 for both). All data were analyzed on SPSS version 20 and it was found that males had a 1.2 fold greater risk for death at 1 year compared to females.
Conclusion : By comparing the mortality rates of males and females presenting in the emergency department with syncope, we concluded that the mortality rate is higher in males. This finding will help us to manage the high-risk patients of syncope accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Maqsood
- Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - S Younus
- Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - S Qazi
- Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - S Mazhar
- Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - U Ghaffar
- Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - A Basit
- Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
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Saleem H, Mazhar S, Syed Q, Javed MQ, Adnan A. Bio-characterization of food grade pyocyanin bio-pigment extracted from chromogenic Pseudomonas species found in Pakistani native flora. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Bilal A, Sun G, Mazhar S. Survey on recent developments in automatic detection of diabetic retinopathy. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 44:420-440. [PMID: 33526268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a disease facilitated by the rapid spread of diabetes worldwide. DR can blind diabetic individuals. Early detection of DR is essential to restoring vision and providing timely treatment. DR can be detected manually by an ophthalmologist, examining the retinal and fundus images to analyze the macula, morphological changes in blood vessels, hemorrhage, exudates, and/or microaneurysms. This is a time consuming, costly, and challenging task. An automated system can easily perform this function by using artificial intelligence, especially in screening for early DR. Recently, much state-of-the-art research relevant to the identification of DR has been reported. This article describes the current methods of detecting non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, exudates, hemorrhage, and microaneurysms. In addition, the authors point out future directions in overcoming current challenges in the field of DR research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bilal
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - G Sun
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - S Mazhar
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
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Batool SS, Gilani SR, Zainab SS, Tahir MN, Harrison WTA, Haider MS, Syed Q, Mazhar S, Shoaib M. Synthesis, crystal structure, thermal studies and antimicrobial activity of a new chelate complex of copper(II) succinate with N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1795147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Shahzadi Batool
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Post Graduate Islamia college (W), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Rubina Gilani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Sakina Zainab
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Post Graduate Islamia college (W), Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Quratulain Syed
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sania Mazhar
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan
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Batool SS, Gilani SR, Zainab SS, Tahir MN, Harrison WT, Haider MS, Syed Q, Mazhar S, Shoaib M. Synthesis, crystal structure, thermal studies and antimicrobial activity of a mononuclear Cu(II)-cinnamate complex with N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine as co-ligand. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Siddique S, Parveen Z, Firdaus-e-Bareen, Mazhar S. Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oils from leaves of three Melaleuca species of Pakistani flora. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Batool SS, Gilani SR, Zainab SS, Tahir MN, Harrison WTA, Syed Q, Mazhar S. Erratum to: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Monomeric Mixed Ligand Copper(II) Complex Involving N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylethylenediamine and Mefenamate. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s002247661909018x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Batool SS, Gilani SR, Zainab SS, Tahir MN, Harrison WTA, Syed Q, Mazhar S. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Monomeric Mixed Ligand Copper(II) Complex Involving N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylethylenediamine and Mefenamate. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476619070187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Iqbal MS, Saleem Y, Ansari F, Qamar MU, Mazhar S, Hassan A, Nawaz S, Saeed S, Syed Q. Staphylococcus aureus carrying lukS/F Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) toxin genes in hospitals of Lahore city. J Infect Dev Ctries 2018; 12:720-725. [PMID: 31999629 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.9633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Panton Valentine-Leukocidin (PVL) toxin is secreted by Staphylococcus aureus and is mostly associated with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI). This study aims to find out the prevalence of lukS/F-PV gene, which encode PVL toxin from strains of SSTI, burn wounds and nasal colonizers of out-patients and to measure the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus isolates. METHODOLOGY This is an analytical observational cross-section study and was conducted from July 2014 to June 2015 at four tertiary care hospitals and PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 376 random clinical swabs were collected from SSTI (n = 179), nasal nares (n = 134) and burn wounds (n = 63) from out-patients' departments (OPD). The specimens were cultured on nutrient and mannitol salt agar (MSA) and the organism was identified by catalase, coagulase, and DNase tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility, methicillin, inducible clindamycin, and high-level mupirocin (HLMR) resistance were determined as per CLSI guidelines. Molecular identification of mecA and lukS/F-PV genes was performed by PCR. RESULTS We isolated 127 S. aureus, where 41 (32.3%) were MRSA and 86 (67.7%) were MSSA. All MRSA carried mecA gene whereas lukS/F-PV gene was found in 21 MRSA and 31 MSSA strains. Overall, a high antimicrobial resistance was found against MRSA and lukS/F-PV positive MSSA. Inducible clindamycin and high-level mupirocin resistance (HLMR) was 23.6% and 19.5% respectively. CONCLUSIONS A high rate of PVL toxin gene was detected among S. aureus strains and a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistant strains was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shaheen Iqbal
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Labs Complex, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Yasar Saleem
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Labs Complex, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | | | | | - Sania Mazhar
- Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Abida Hassan
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Labs Complex, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Shaista Nawaz
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Labs Complex, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Salman Saeed
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Labs Complex, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Quratulain Syed
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Labs Complex, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Mazhar S, Struhal W, Vosko M, Guger M, Tomasits J, Mitterhumer M, Lukas T, Ransmayr G. Mydriasis und occipitofrontaler Kopfschmerz als Primärmanifestation einer tertiären Lues. Akt Neurol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-987927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Guger M, Schmidegg S, Mazhar S, Gruber F, Vosko M, Ransmayr G. Rituximab bei therapieresistenter generalisierter AChR-AK positiver Myasthenia gravis – Fallbericht. Akt Neurol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-987881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kasimir MT, Mereles D, Aigner C, Mazhar S, Katsch P, Benz A, Kreuscher S, Klepetko W, Grünig E. Sytolischer pulmonalarterieller Druck während Belastung nach bilateraler Lungentransplantation. Pneumologie 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-933834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Immune responses to human rotaviruses were investigated in sheep with a view to obtaining antibodies for passive immunotherapy of humans. Eighteen adult sheep with previous natural exposure to rotavirus serotypes G3 and G6 were immunized parenterally with purified preparations of either individual rotavirus serotypes G1, G2, G3, G4 and G8, or a mixture thereof. Two additional sheep were kept as control animals with the flock. The antibody responses were measured on serial serum samples by neutralization tests. The homotypic antibody response ranged from 100-fold (rarely) up to 100,000-fold increases in titre. Heterotypic responses against serotypes G3 and G6 were demonstrated in 7/12 and 15/18 sheep, respectively, but the increases in titre were lower than the homotypic responses, ranging from 10- to 100-fold in most cases and were 1000-fold in two sheep. Interestingly, no heterotypic response against the human rotavirus serotypes was raised after 3 months; moderate titres of cross-neutralizing antibodies for the human serotypes were only observed after a third inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Beards
- Regional Virus Laboratory, East Birmingham Hospital, UK
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