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Versele M, del Pino Garcia J, Vandecaetsbeek I, Castermans K, Kellens R, Haeck W, Klaassen H, Bourin A, De Clercq D, Allasia S, Boland S, Marchand A, Chaltin P, Bollen M. Abstract 53: Discovery of novel potent and orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitors of ENPP1 to stabilize cGAMP and ATP in the tumor microenvironment and boost anti-tumor immunity. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Extracellular 2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) has a critical immune-transmitter role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor cells produce and secrete cGAMP, which primes immune cells for tumor rejection through STING (stimulator of interferon genes) signalling (Marcus et al., Immunity 2018; Carozza et al., Nature Cancer 2020). Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (ENPP1) is the only enzyme known to hydrolyze extracellular cGAMP. In concert with the ectoATPase CD39 and the 5'-nucleotidase CD73, ENPP1 also contributes to the generation of an immunosuppressive TME by converting extracellular ATP into adenosine. ENPP1 is overexpressed in a number of tumor types, including breast cancer, liver cancer, thyroid cancer and sarcomas, and has been associated with poor outcome. Hence, inhibition of ENPP1 is an emerging strategy to augment anti-tumor immunity by stabilizing extracellular cGAMP and ATP, thereby turning cold tumors into immunologically hot tumors. Here, we report on the identification and characterization of novel chemical series of ENPP1 inhibitors. A drug-like small-molecule library (~160,000 compounds) was screened to identify inhibitors of ENPP1-mediated cGAMP hydrolysis. Hits were confirmed to also inhibit ATP hydrolysis by ENPP1, but not nucleotide hydrolysis mediated by the closely related ENPP2 (autotaxin) enzyme. A selection of hits, chemically distinct from previously reported ENPP1 inhibitors (such as those based on QS1; Carroza et al, Cell Chem Biol, 2020), were subjected to hit-to-lead optimization supported by structure-based guidance. This led to the identification of ENPP1 inhibitors with sub-nM potency on ENPP1 in biochemical assays, which maintained a >1000x selectivity window with respect to ENPP2 and to other phosphodiesterases. These compounds translated well to stabilization of nucleotides in the presence of ENPP1-overexpressing cancer cell lines, with IC50 values in the nM range. A selection of compounds was profiled for DMPK (drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic) parameters, and compounds with a suitable profile were prioritized for in vivo evaluation. Orally bio-available, metabolically stable compounds were assessed in mouse syngeneic tumor models, selected on the basis of high ENPP1 and high cGAS (cGAMP synthase) expression. Stabilization of cGAMP, activation of a STING-mediated cytokine response and immune-cell infiltration/activation in the TME were used as pharmacodynamic endpoints. An update on in vivo efficacy data in a range of ENPP1-positive tumor models will be provided during the presentation. These novel orally bioavailable ENPP1 inhibitors unleash local, TME-restricted, innate immune activation, and hold the promise to overcome the current limitations of direct STING agonists.
Citation Format: Matthias Versele, Javier del Pino Garcia, Ilse Vandecaetsbeek, Karolien Castermans, Ranie Kellens, Wanda Haeck, Hugo Klaassen, Arnaud Bourin, Dries De Clercq, Sara Allasia, Sandro Boland, Arnaud Marchand, Patrick Chaltin, Mathieu Bollen. Discovery of novel potent and orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitors of ENPP1 to stabilize cGAMP and ATP in the tumor microenvironment and boost anti-tumor immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 53.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Chaltin
- 3Center for Drug Design and Discovery (CD3), Leuven, Belgium
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Muratore M, Allasia S, Viglierchio P, Abbate M, Aleotti S, Masse A, Bistolfi A. Surgical treatment of traumatic thoracolumbar fractures: a retrospective review of 101 cases. Musculoskelet Surg 2020; 105:49-59. [PMID: 32026381 DOI: 10.1007/s12306-020-00644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the outcomes of vertebral stabilisation after acute traumatic thoracolumbar fractures, correlating the outcome with patient clinical data, type and location of fracture, presence of neurological damage, timing of surgical intervention and number of instrumented levels. The results have been evaluated also through the AO classification and AOSIS score. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 101 patients with traumatic thoracolumbar injuries from T3 to L5 operated 2011-2016 by posterior or antero-posterior fixation. The demographic data, trauma dynamics, number and type of fractures, associated lesions, timing of surgery, hospital stay, AOSIS score, RKA, SF-36 and ODI scores, pre- and post-operative neurological condition (ASIA grade), possible complications and re-interventions were evaluated for each patient. RESULTS Fractures mainly involved the region between T11 and L2. The probability of medullary involvement increases with the increase in severity of the main fracture type with no relation with the vertebral region. Type B and C fractures were common in the thoracic region and rare in the thoracolumbar junction. ODI and SF-36 scores were significantly better in patients with a lower AOSIS score, specifically in lesions classified as type A, amyelic and with no comorbidity. No difference was found in the clinical scores between thoracic, thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures, nor between male and female patients. None of the 10 patients with ASIA A lesion at presentation achieved any degree of recovery: 50% of them had a thoracic lesion. Re-intervention rate was 15%. Hospital stay was significantly higher in patients with type C fractures, and complication rate was on average 14% (7% in type A fractures, 16% in B and 25% in C). CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the validity of the posterior approach in the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. Outcomes and complication risks are related to fracture severity. Surgical treatment can be recommended even with an AOSIS score of two or three. The combined antero-posterior approach could be useful in cases with LSC > 8, especially in the thoracolumbar region. The degree of neurological recovery depends on fracture type, location, ASIA score and presence of comorbidities. Early intervention in myelic patients allows for a better prognosis. Level of evidence III retrospective case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Muratore
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabilitation, Orthopaedic and Trauma Centre, CTO, Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - S Allasia
- School of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of the Studies of Turin, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - P Viglierchio
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabilitation, Orthopaedic and Trauma Centre, CTO, Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - M Abbate
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabilitation, Orthopaedic and Trauma Centre, CTO, Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - S Aleotti
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabilitation, Orthopaedic and Trauma Centre, CTO, Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - A Masse
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabilitation, Orthopaedic and Trauma Centre, CTO, Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy.,School of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of the Studies of Turin, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - A Bistolfi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabilitation, Orthopaedic and Trauma Centre, CTO, Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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Balercia G, Bonomi M, Giagulli VA, Lanfranco F, Rochira V, Giambersio A, Accardo G, Esposito D, Allasia S, Cangiano B, De Vincentis S, Condorelli RA, Calogero A, Pasquali D. Thyroid function in Klinefelter syndrome: a multicentre study from KING group. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:1199-1204. [PMID: 30912057 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prevalence and the etiopathogenesis of thyroid dysfunctions in Klinefelter syndrome (KS) are still unclear. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenetic role of hypogonadism in the thyroid disorders described in KS, with the scope to distinguish between patients with KS and hypogonadism due to other causes (Kallmann syndrome, idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, iatrogenic hypogonadism and acquired hypogonadotropic hypogonadism after surgical removal of pituitary adenomas) called non-KS. Therefore, we evaluated thyroid function in KS and in non-KS hypogonadal patients. METHODS This is a case-control multicentre study from KING group: Endocrinology clinics in university-affiliated medical centres. One hundred and seventy four KS, and sixty-two non-KS hypogonadal men were enrolled. The primary outcome was the prevalence of thyroid diseases in KS and in non-KS. Changes in hormonal parameters were evaluated. Exclusion criterion was secondary hypothyroidism. Analyses were performed using Student's t test. Mann-Whitney test and Chi-square test. RESULTS FT4 was significantly lower in KS vs non-KS. KS and non-KS presented similar TSH and testosterone levels. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) was diagnosed in 7% of KS. Five KS developed hypothyroidism. The ratio FT3/FT4 was similar in both groups. TSH index was 1.9 in KS and 2.3 in non-KS. Adjustment for differences in age, sample size and concomitant disease in multivariate models did not alter the results. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated in KS no etiopathogenic link to hypogonadism or change in the set point of thyrotrophic control in the altered FT4 production. The prevalence of HT in KS was similar to normal male population, showing absence of increased risk of HT associated with the XXY karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Balercia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Bonomi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - V A Giagulli
- Outpatient Clinic for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Conversano Hospital, Conversano, Bari, Italy
| | - F Lanfranco
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - V Rochira
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Modena, Ospedale Civile Di Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
| | - A Giambersio
- Healt Center "Maria Teresa Di Calcutta, Potenza, Italy
| | - G Accardo
- Department of Advanced Medical And Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - D Esposito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Allasia
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - B Cangiano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - S De Vincentis
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Modena, Ospedale Civile Di Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
| | - R A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", Catania, Italy
| | - A Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", Catania, Italy
| | - D Pasquali
- Department of Advanced Medical And Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy.
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Zavattaro M, Ceruti C, Motta G, Allasia S, Marinelli L, Di Bisceglie C, Tagliabue MP, Sibona M, Rolle L, Lanfranco F. Treating varicocele in 2018: current knowledge and treatment options. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:1365-1375. [PMID: 30284221 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Varicocele is defined as a state of varicosity and tortuosity of the pampiniform plexus around the testis caused by retrograde blood flow through the internal spermatic vein. The prevalence of clinically relevant varicocele ranges from 5 to 20% in the male population and is often associated with infertility and reduction of sperm quality. In this review, the pathophysiology and clinical aspects of varicocele are reviewed along with therapeutic options and treatment effects on sperm parameters and fertility both in adult and in pediatric/adolescent subjects. METHODS We conducted a Medline and a PubMed search from 1965 to 2018 to identify publications related to varicocele clinical aspects, treatment procedures and treatment outcomes. Keywords used for the search were: "varicocele", "varicocelectomy", "sclerotherapy", "male infertility", "subfertility", and "semen abnormalities". RESULTS Data from a large number of studies in adolescent and adult males indicate that varicocele correction improves semen parameters in the majority of patients, reducing oxidative stress and improving sperm nuclear DNA integrity either with surgical or percutaneous approach. CONCLUSIONS Varicocele repair seems to represent a cost-effective therapeutic option for all males (both adolescent and adults) with a clinical varicocele in the presence of testicular hypotrophy, worsening sperm alterations or infertility. On the other hand, some investigators questioned the role of varicocelectomy in the era of assisted reproduction. Thus, a better understanding of the pathophysiology of varicocele-associated male subfertility is of paramount importance to elucidating the deleterious effects of varicocele on spermatogenesis and possibly formulating new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zavattaro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - C Ceruti
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G Motta
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - S Allasia
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - L Marinelli
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - C Di Bisceglie
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - M P Tagliabue
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - M Sibona
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - L Rolle
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - F Lanfranco
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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Dumbacher M, Van Dooren T, Princen K, De Witte K, Farinelli M, Lievens S, Tavernier J, Dehaen W, Wera S, Winderickx J, Allasia S, Kilonda A, Spieser S, Marchand A, Chaltin P, Hoogenraad CC, Griffioen G. Modifying Rap1-signalling by targeting Pde6δ is neuroprotective in models of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:50. [PMID: 30257685 PMCID: PMC6158915 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuronal Ca2+ dyshomeostasis and hyperactivity play a central role in Alzheimer’s disease pathology and progression. Amyloid-beta together with non-genetic risk-factors of Alzheimer’s disease contributes to increased Ca2+ influx and aberrant neuronal activity, which accelerates neurodegeneration in a feed-forward fashion. As such, identifying new targets and drugs to modulate excessive Ca2+ signalling and neuronal hyperactivity, without overly suppressing them, has promising therapeutic potential. Methods Here we show, using biochemical, electrophysiological, imaging, and behavioural tools, that pharmacological modulation of Rap1 signalling by inhibiting its interaction with Pde6δ normalises disease associated Ca2+ aberrations and neuronal activity, conferring neuroprotection in models of Alzheimer’s disease. Results The newly identified inhibitors of the Rap1-Pde6δ interaction counteract AD phenotypes, by reconfiguring Rap1 signalling underlying synaptic efficacy, Ca2+ influx, and neuronal repolarisation, without adverse effects in-cellulo or in-vivo. Thus, modulation of Rap1 by Pde6δ accommodates key mechanisms underlying neuronal activity, and therefore represents a promising new drug target for early or late intervention in neurodegenerative disorders. Conclusion Targeting the Pde6δ-Rap1 interaction has promising therapeutic potential for disorders characterised by neuronal hyperactivity, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13024-018-0283-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dumbacher
- reMYND NV, Gaston Geenslaan 1, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium.,Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Van Dooren
- reMYND NV, Gaston Geenslaan 1, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Katrien Princen
- reMYND NV, Gaston Geenslaan 1, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Koen De Witte
- reMYND NV, Gaston Geenslaan 1, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Mélissa Farinelli
- E-Phy-Science, IPMC, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Sam Lievens
- Orionis Biosciences, Technologiepark 12B, Zwijnaarde-Ghent, 9052, Belgium.,Cytokine Receptor Lab, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, Medical Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Cytokine Receptor Lab, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, Medical Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f - box 2404, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Wera
- ViroVet NV, Ambachtenlaan 1, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 box 2433, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Sara Allasia
- Cistim Leuven vzw, Gaston Geenslaan 2, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Amuri Kilonda
- Cistim Leuven vzw, Gaston Geenslaan 2, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Spieser
- Cistim Leuven vzw, Gaston Geenslaan 2, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Marchand
- Cistim Leuven vzw, Gaston Geenslaan 2, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Patrick Chaltin
- Cistim Leuven vzw, Gaston Geenslaan 2, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium.,Center for Drug Design and Development (CD3), KU Leuven, Waaistraat 6, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Steroid myopathy is a non-inflammatory toxic myopathy that occurs as side effect of exogenous and endogenous glucocorticoid excess. The purpose of this review is to examine issues that limit our understanding of this myopathy with respect to nosology, etiopathogenesis, conditioning factors, and muscle fiber selectivity. We suggest that if more data were available on these issues, the understanding of steroid myopathy would be enhanced substantially, thus allowing an early detection of its occurrence (before the appearance of clinical or laboratory signs) and a proper treatment of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Minetto
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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Deagostino A, Venturello P, Allasia S, Prandi C, Zavattaro C. A New Practical Synthesis of Germylalkoxydienes, Acylgermanes and Ethynylgermanes from α,β-Unsaturated and α-Phenyl Acetals. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-918414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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