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Sebag SC, Hao M, Qian Q, Upara C, Ding Q, Zhu M, Banas JA, Cao H, Hong L, Yang L. A medium chain fatty acid, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid (6-HHA), protects against obesity and insulin resistance. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1892-1894. [PMID: 38572116 PMCID: PMC10985024 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara C. Sebag
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Meihua Hao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Qingwen Qian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Chawin Upara
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Qiong Ding
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Min Zhu
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Banas
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Huojun Cao
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Liu Hong
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Sebag SC, Qian Q, Upara C, Ding Q, Cao H, Hong L, Yang L. A Medium Chain Fatty Acid, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid (6-HHA), Protects Against Obesity and Insulin Resistance. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.19.549684. [PMID: 37502899 PMCID: PMC10370144 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.19.549684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, a worldwide health problem, increases the risk for developing metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance and diabetes. It is well recognized that obesity-associated chronic inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of systemic metabolic dysfunction. Previously, we revealed an anti-inflammatory role for spent culture supernatants isolated from the oral commensal bacterial species Streptococcus gordonii (Sg-SCS). Here, we identified that 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid (6-HHA), a medium chain fatty acid (MCFA), is the one of the key components of Sg-SCS . We found that treatment of 6-HHA in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) significantly reduced HFD-mediated weight gain which was largely attributed to a decrease in fat mass. Systemically, 6-HHA improves obesity-associated glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Furthermore, administration of 6-HHA suppressed obesity-associated systemic inflammation and dyslipidemia. At the cellular level, treatment of 6-HHA ameliorated aberrant inflammatory and metabolic transcriptomic signatures in white adipose tissue of mice with diet-induced obesity (HFD). Mechanistically, we found that 6-HHA suppressed adipocyte-proinflammatory cytokine production and lipolysis, the latter through Gαi-mediated signaling. This work provides direct evidence for the anti-obesity effects of a novel MCFA, which could be a new therapeutic treatment for combating obesity. KEY POINTS Hydroxyhexanoic medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are dietary and bacterial-derived energy sources, however, the outcomes of using MCFAs in treating metabolic disorders are diverse and complex. The MCFA 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid (6-HHA) is a metabolite secreted by the oral bacterial commensal species Streptococcus gordonii; here we investigated its role in modulating high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic dysfunction. In a murine model of obesity, we found 6-HHA-mediated improvement of diet-mediated adiposity, insulin resistance and inflammation were in part due to actions on white adipose tissue (WAT).6-HHA suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production and lipolysis through Gi-mediated signaling in differentiated white adipocytes.
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Roy SJ, Koval OM, Sebag SC, Ait-Aissa K, Allen BG, Spitz DR, Grumbach IM. Retraction notice to Corrigendum to "Inhibition of CaMKII in mitochondria preserves endothelial barrier function after irradiation" [Free Radical Biol. Med. 146, January (2020) 287-298]. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:468. [PMID: 35718632 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Authors and Editor-in-Chief. Some of the data presented in Figure 6C, F and G of the paper to which this corrigendum relates were reported incorrectly in the published article. After being contacted by the Journal, the authors discovered an unintentional error in how the original data were analyzed that could affect the accuracy of the subsequent analysis. The raw data were incorrectly grouped in the analysis software, thereby altering the comparisons. Therefore the authors wish to retract the paper and corrigendum and will recollect and reanalyze the data appropriately. The authors apologize for any inconvenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Roy
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Rd., 4336 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Olha M Koval
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Rd., 4336 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Sara C Sebag
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Rd., 4336 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Karima Ait-Aissa
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Rd., 4336 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Bryan G Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, B180 Medical Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, B180 Medical Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Rd., 4336 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, B180 Medical Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 601 Hwy 6 West, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
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Roy SJ, Koval OM, Sebag SC, Ait-Aissa K, Allen BG, Spitz DR, Grumbach IM. Retraction notice to "Inhibition of CaMKII in mitochondria preserves endothelial barrier function after irradiation" [Free Radic. Biol. Med. 146C (2020) 287-298]. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 187:204. [PMID: 35662482 PMCID: PMC9302445 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Authors and Editor-in-Chief. Some of the data presented in Figure 6C, F and G of the above-titled paper were reported incorrectly in the published article. After being contacted by the Journal, the authors discovered an unintentional error in how the original data were analyzed that could affect the accuracy of the subsequent analysis. The raw data were incorrectly grouped in the analysis software, thereby altering the comparisons. Therefore the authors wish to retract the paper and will recollect and reanalyze the data appropriately. The authors apologize for any inconvenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Roy
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 169 Newton Rd, 4336 PBDB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Olha M Koval
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 169 Newton Rd, 4336 PBDB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Sara C Sebag
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 169 Newton Rd, 4336 PBDB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Karima Ait-Aissa
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 169 Newton Rd, 4336 PBDB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Bryan G Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, B180 Medical Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, B180 Medical Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 169 Newton Rd, 4336 PBDB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, B180 Medical Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 601 Hwy 6 West, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
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Sebag SC, Koval OM, Paschke JD, Winters CJ, Comellas AP, Grumbach IM. Corrigendum to “Inhibition of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter prevents IL-13 and allergen-mediated airway epithelial apoptosis and loss of barrier function” [362/2 (2018) 400–411]. Exp Cell Res 2022; 412:113022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Roy SJ, Koval OM, Sebag SC, Ait-Aissa K, Allen BG, Spitz DR, Grumbach IM. Corrigendum to "Inhibition of CaMKII in mitochondria preserves endothelial barrier function after irradiation" [146, January (2020) 287-298]. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:118-119. [PMID: 34587565 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Roy
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Rd., 4336 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Olha M Koval
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Rd., 4336 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Sara C Sebag
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Rd., 4336 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Karima Ait-Aissa
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Rd., 4336 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Bryan G Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, B180 Medical Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, B180 Medical Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Rd., 4336 PBDB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, B180 Medical Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 601 Hwy 6 West, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
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Sebag SC, Zhang Z, Qian Q, Li M, Zhu Z, Harata M, Li W, Zingman LV, Liu L, Lira VA, Potthoff MJ, Bartelt A, Yang L. ADH5-mediated NO bioactivity maintains metabolic homeostasis in brown adipose tissue. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110003. [PMID: 34788615 PMCID: PMC8640996 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity is tightly regulated by cellular redox status, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Protein S-nitrosylation, the nitric-oxide-mediated cysteine thiol protein modification, plays important roles in cellular redox regulation. Here we show that diet-induced obesity (DIO) and acute cold exposure elevate BAT protein S-nitrosylation, including UCP1. This thermogenic-induced nitric oxide bioactivity is regulated by S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR; alcohol dehydrogenase 5 [ADH5]), a denitrosylase that balances the intracellular nitroso-redox status. Loss of ADH5 in BAT impairs cold-induced UCP1-dependent thermogenesis and worsens obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Adh5 expression is induced by the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), and administration of an HSF1 activator to BAT of DIO mice increases Adh5 expression and significantly improves UCP1-mediated respiration. Together, these data indicate that ADH5 controls BAT nitroso-redox homeostasis to regulate adipose thermogenesis, which may be therapeutically targeted to improve metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C. Sebag
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Zeyuan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Qingwen Qian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Zhiyong Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mikako Harata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wenxian Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Leonid V. Zingman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Vitor A. Lira
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA,College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Matthew J. Potthoff
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336 Munich, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 München, Germany,Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence:
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Zhang Z, Qian Q, Li M, Shao F, Ding WX, Lira VA, Chen SX, Sebag SC, Hotamisligil GS, Cao H, Yang L. The unfolded protein response regulates hepatic autophagy by sXBP1-mediated activation of TFEB. Autophagy 2021; 17:1841-1855. [PMID: 32597296 PMCID: PMC8386593 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1788889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective macroautophagy/autophagy and a failure to initiate the adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) in response to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction. However, whether and how unresolved ER stress leads to defects in the autophagy pathway and to the progression of obesity-associated hepatic pathologies remains unclear. Obesity suppresses the expression of hepatic spliced XBP1 (X-box binding protein 1; sXBP1), the key transcription factor that promotes the adaptive UPR. Our RNA-seq analysis revealed that sXBP1 regulates genes involved in lysosomal function in the liver under fasting conditions. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyzes of both primary hepatocytes and whole livers further showed that sXBP1 occupies the -743 to -523 site of the promoter of Tfeb (transcription factor EB), a master regulator of autophagy and lysosome biogenesis. Notably, this occupancy was significantly reduced in livers from patients with steatosis. In mice, hepatic deletion of Xbp1 (xbp1 LKO) suppressed the transcription of Tfeb as well as autophagy, whereas hepatic overexpression of sXbp1 enhanced Tfeb transcription and autophagy. Moreover, overexpression of Tfeb in the xbp1 LKO mouse liver ameliorated glucose intolerance and steatosis in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO). Conversely, loss of TFEB function impaired the protective role of sXBP1 in hepatic steatosis in mice with DIO. These data indicate that sXBP1-Tfeb signaling has direct functional consequences in the context of obesity. Collectively, our data provide novel insight into how two organelle stress responses are integrated to protect against obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction.Abbreviations: AAV8: adeno-associated virus serotype 8; ACTB: actin, beta; ANOVA: analysis of variance; ATF6: activating transcription factor-6; ATG: autophagy related; BECN1: beclin 1; BMI: body mass index; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; CLEAR: coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation; Cre: cre recombinase; DIO: diet-induced obesity; EBSS: Earle's balanced salt solution; EIF2AK3/PERK: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERN1/IRE1: endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to nucleus signaling 1; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HFD: high-fat diet; h: hours; HSCs: hepatic stellate cells; INS: insulin; L/A: ammonium chloride and leupeptin; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; mRNA: messenger RNA; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; RD: regular diet; RFP: red fluorescent protein; SERPINA7/TBG: serpin family A member 7; SQSTM1/p62: sequestome 1; sXbp1 LOE: liver-specific overexpression of spliced Xbp1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TG: thapsigargin; TN: tunicamycin; UPR: unfolded protein response; wks: weeks; WT: wild type; XBP1: X-box binding protein 1; xbp1 LKO: liver-specific Xbp1 knockout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Qingwen Qian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Fan Shao
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Department of Endodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Vitor A. Lira
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sophia X. Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sara C. Sebag
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Gökhan S. Hotamisligil
- Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research and Dept. Molecular Metabolism, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Broad Institute of Harvard-MIT, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huojun Cao
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Department of Endodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA,CONTACT Ling Yang Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Huojun Cao Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Department of Endodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA,CONTACT Ling Yang Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Huojun Cao Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Department of Endodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Roy SJ, Koval OM, Sebag SC, Ait-Aissa K, Allen BG, Spitz DR, Grumbach IM. Inhibition of CaMKII in mitochondria preserves endothelial barrier function after irradiation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:287-298. [PMID: 31711984 PMCID: PMC7274136 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Damage to the microvascular endothelium is an important part of normal tissue injury after radiation exposure and driven by the production of pro-oxidants. The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is present in the mitochondrial matrix (mitoCaMKII) where it regulates Ca2+ uptake via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) and pro-oxidant production. Here, we demonstrate that radiation exposure disrupts endothelial cell barrier integrity in vitro, but can be abrogated by inhibition of mitoCaMKII, MCU, or opening of the mitochondrial transition pore. Scavenging of mitochondrial pro-oxidants with mitoTEMPO before, but not after irradiation, protected barrier function. Furthermore, markers of apoptosis and mitochondrial pro-oxidant production were elevated at 24 h following irradiation and abolished by mitoCaMKII inhibition. Endothelial barrier dysfunction was detected as early as 2 h after irradiation. Despite only mildly impaired mitochondrial respiration, the intracellular ATP levels were significantly reduced 4 h after irradiation and correlated with barrier function. MitoCaMKII inhibition improved intracellular ATP concentrations by increasing glycolysis. Finally, DNA double strand break repair and non-homologous end joining, two major drivers of ATP consumption after irradiation, were greatly increased but not significantly affected by mitoCaMKII inhibition. These findings support the hypothesis that mitoCaMKII activity is linked to mitochondrial pro-oxidant production, reduced ATP production, and loss of endothelial barrier function following irradiation. The inhibition of mitoCaMKII is a promising approach to limiting radiation-induced endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Roy
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 169 Newton Rd, 4336 PBDB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Olha M Koval
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 169 Newton Rd, 4336 PBDB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Sara C Sebag
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 169 Newton Rd, 4336 PBDB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Karima Ait-Aissa
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 169 Newton Rd, 4336 PBDB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Bryan G Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, B180 Medical Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, B180 Medical Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 169 Newton Rd, 4336 PBDB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, B180 Medical Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 601 Hwy 6 West Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
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Koval OM, Nguyen EK, Santhana V, Fidler TP, Sebag SC, Rasmussen TP, Mittauer DJ, Strack S, Goswami PC, Abel ED, Grumbach IM. Loss of MCU prevents mitochondrial fusion in G 1-S phase and blocks cell cycle progression and proliferation. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/579/eaav1439. [PMID: 31040260 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) in physiologic cell proliferation remains to be defined. Here, we demonstrated that the MCU was required to match mitochondrial function to metabolic demands during the cell cycle. During the G1-S transition (the cycle phase with the highest mitochondrial ATP output), mitochondrial fusion, oxygen consumption, and Ca2+ uptake increased in wild-type cells but not in cells lacking MCU. In proliferating wild-type control cells, the addition of the growth factors promoted the activation of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and the phosphorylation of the mitochondrial fission factor Drp1 at Ser616 The lack of the MCU was associated with baseline activation of CaMKII, mitochondrial fragmentation due to increased Drp1 phosphorylation, and impaired mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. The mitochondrial fission/fusion ratio and proliferation in MCU-deficient cells recovered after MCU restoration or inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation or of CaMKII in the cytosol. Our data highlight a key function for the MCU in mitochondrial adaptation to the metabolic demands during cell cycle progression. Cytosolic CaMKII and the MCU participate in a regulatory circuit, whereby mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake affects cell proliferation through Drp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha M Koval
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Emily K Nguyen
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Velarchana Santhana
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Trevor P Fidler
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sara C Sebag
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Tyler P Rasmussen
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Dylan J Mittauer
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Stefan Strack
- Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Prabhat C Goswami
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. .,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
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11
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Nixon BR, Sebag SC, Glennon MS, Hall EJ, Kounlavong ES, Freeman ML, Becker JR. Nuclear localized Raf1 isoform alters DNA-dependent protein kinase activity and the DNA damage response. FASEB J 2018; 33:1138-1150. [PMID: 30106602 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800336r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Raf1/c-Raf is a well-characterized serine/threonine-protein kinase that links Ras family members with the MAPK/ERK signaling cascade. We have identified a novel splice isoform of human Raf1 that causes protein truncation and loss of the C-terminal kinase domain (Raf1-tr). We found that Raf1-tr has increased nuclear localization compared with full-length Raf1, and this finding was secondary to reduced binding of Raf1-tr to the cytoplasmic chaperone FK506 binding protein 5. We show that Raf1-tr has increased binding to DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), which inhibits DNA-PK function and causes amplification of irradiation- and bleomycin-induced DNA damage. We found that the human colorectal cancer cell line, HCT-116, displayed reduced expression of Raf1-tr, and reintroduction of Raf1-tr sensitized the cells to bleomycin-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we identified differential Raf1-tr expression in breast cancer cell lines and showed that breast cancer cells with increased Raf1-tr expression become sensitized to bleomycin-induced apoptosis. Collectively, these results demonstrate a novel Raf1 isoform in humans that has a unique noncanonical role in regulating the double-stranded DNA damage response pathway through modulation of DNA-PK function.-Nixon, B. R., Sebag, S. C., Glennon, M. S., Hall, E. J., Kounlavong, E. S., Freeman, M. L., Becker, J. R. Nuclear localized Raf1 isoform alters DNA-dependent protein kinase activity and the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Nixon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Sara C Sebag
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Michael S Glennon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Eric J Hall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Emily S Kounlavong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Michael L Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Jason R Becker
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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12
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Sebag SC, Koval OM, Paschke JD, Winters CJ, Comellas AP, Grumbach IM. Inhibition of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter prevents IL-13 and allergen-mediated airway epithelial apoptosis and loss of barrier function. Exp Cell Res 2017; 362:400-411. [PMID: 29225050 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are increasingly recognized as key mediators of acute cellular stress responses in asthma. However, the distinct roles of regulators of mitochondrial physiology on allergic asthma phenotypes are currently unknown. The mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) resides in the inner mitochondrial membrane and controls mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake into the mitochondrial matrix. To understand the function of MCU in models of allergic asthma, in vitro and in vivo studies were performed using models of functional deficiency or knockout of MCU. In primary human respiratory epithelial cells, MCU inhibition abrogated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential and protected from apoptosis in response to the pleiotropic Th2 cytokine IL-13. Consequently, epithelial barrier function was maintained with MCU inhibition. Similarly, the endothelial barrier was preserved in respiratory epithelium isolated from MCU-/- mice after exposure to IL-13. In the ovalbumin-model of allergic airway disease, MCU deficiency resulted in decreased apoptosis within the large airway epithelial cells. Concordantly, expression of the tight junction protein ZO-1 was preserved, indicative of maintenance of epithelial barrier function. These data implicate mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake through MCU as a key controller of epithelial cell viability in acute allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Sebag
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Olha M Koval
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John D Paschke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Christopher J Winters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alejandro P Comellas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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13
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Morris AS, Sebag SC, Paschke JD, Wongrakpanich A, Ebeid K, Anderson ME, Grumbach IM, Salem AK. Cationic CaMKII Inhibiting Nanoparticles Prevent Allergic Asthma. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2166-2175. [PMID: 28460526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a common lung disease affecting over 300 million people worldwide and is associated with increased reactive oxygen species, eosinophilic airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus production. Targeting of novel therapeutic agents to the lungs of patients with asthma may improve efficacy of treatments and minimize side effects. We previously demonstrated that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) is expressed and activated in the bronchial epithelium of asthmatic patients. CaMKII inhibition in murine models of allergic asthma reduces key disease phenotypes, providing the rationale for targeted CaMKII inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach for asthma. Herein we developed a novel cationic nanoparticle (NP)-based system for delivery of the potent and specific CaMKII inhibitor peptide, CaMKIIN, to airways.1 CaMKIIN-loaded NPs abrogated the severity of allergic asthma in a murine model. These findings provide the basis for development of innovative, site-specific drug delivery therapies, particularly for treatment of pulmonary diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie S Morris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa , 115 South Grand Avenue, S228 PHAR, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Sara C Sebag
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - John D Paschke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | | | - Kareem Ebeid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa , 115 South Grand Avenue, S228 PHAR, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States.,Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System , 601 US-6, Iowa City, Iowa 52246, United States
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa , 115 South Grand Avenue, S228 PHAR, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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14
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Nixon BR, Williams AF, Glennon MS, de Feria AE, Sebag SC, Baldwin HS, Becker JR. Alterations in sarcomere function modify the hyperplastic to hypertrophic transition phase of mammalian cardiomyocyte development. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e90656. [PMID: 28239655 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains unclear how perturbations in cardiomyocyte sarcomere function alter postnatal heart development. We utilized murine models that allowed manipulation of cardiac myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3) expression at critical stages of cardiac ontogeny to study the response of the postnatal heart to disrupted sarcomere function. We discovered that the hyperplastic to hypertrophic transition phase of mammalian heart development was altered in mice lacking MYBPC3 and this was the critical period for subsequent development of cardiomyopathy. Specifically, MYBPC3-null hearts developed evidence of increased cardiomyocyte endoreplication, which was accompanied by enhanced expression of cell cycle stimulatory cyclins and increased phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. Interestingly, this response was self-limited at later developmental time points by an upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. These results provide valuable insights into how alterations in sarcomere protein function modify postnatal heart development and highlight the potential for targeting cell cycle regulatory pathways to counteract cardiomyopathic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sara C Sebag
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - H Scott Baldwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology.,Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology
| | - Jason R Becker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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15
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Sebag SC, Koval OM, Paschke JD, Winters CJ, Jaffer OA, Dworski R, Sutterwala FS, Anderson ME, Grumbach IM. Mitochondrial CaMKII inhibition in airway epithelium protects against allergic asthma. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e88297. [PMID: 28194433 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive ROS promote allergic asthma, a condition characterized by airway inflammation, eosinophilic inflammation, and increased airway hyperreactivity (AHR). The mechanisms by which airway ROS are increased and the relationship between increased airway ROS and disease phenotypes are incompletely defined. Mitochondria are an important source of cellular ROS production, and our group discovered that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is present in mitochondria and activated by oxidation. Furthermore, mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant therapy reduced the severity of allergic asthma in a mouse model. Based on these findings, we developed a mouse model of CaMKII inhibition targeted to mitochondria in airway epithelium. We challenged these mice with OVA or Aspergillus fumigatus. Mitochondrial CaMKII inhibition abrogated AHR, inflammation, and eosinophilia following OVA and A. fumigatus challenge. Mitochondrial ROS were decreased after agonist stimulation in the presence of mitochondrial CaMKII inhibition. This correlated with blunted induction of NF-κB, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and eosinophilia in transgenic mice. These findings demonstrate a pivotal role for mitochondrial CaMKII in airway epithelium in mitochondrial ROS generation, eosinophilic inflammation, and AHR, providing insights into how mitochondrial ROS mediate features of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Sebag
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Olha M Koval
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - John D Paschke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Omar A Jaffer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ryszard Dworski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fayyaz S Sutterwala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Department of Medicine and.,Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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16
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Winters CJ, Koval O, Murthy S, Allamargot C, Sebag SC, Paschke JD, Jaffer OA, Carter AB, Grumbach IM. CaMKII inhibition in type II pneumocytes protects from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by preventing Ca2+-dependent apoptosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L86-94. [PMID: 26545899 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00132.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium and calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) translates increases in intracellular Ca(2+) into downstream signaling events. Its function in pulmonary pathologies remains largely unknown. CaMKII is a well-known mediator of apoptosis and regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+). ER stress and apoptosis of type II pneumocytes lead to aberrant tissue repair and progressive collagen deposition in pulmonary fibrosis. Thus we hypothesized that CaMKII inhibition alleviates fibrosis in response to bleomycin by attenuating apoptosis and ER stress of type II pneumocytes. We first established that CaMKII was strongly expressed in the distal respiratory epithelium, in particular in surfactant protein-C-positive type II pneumocytes, and activated after bleomycin instillation. We generated a novel transgenic model of inducible expression of the CaMKII inhibitor peptide AC3-I limited to type II pneumocytes (Tg SPC-AC3-I). Tg SPC-AC3-I mice were protected from development of pulmonary fibrosis after bleomycin exposure compared with wild-type mice. CaMKII inhibition also provided protection from apoptosis in type II pneumocytes in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, intracellular Ca(2+) levels and ER stress were increased by bleomycin and significantly blunted with CaMKII inhibition in vitro. These data demonstrate that CaMKII inhibition prevents type II pneumocyte apoptosis and development of pulmonary fibrosis in response to bleomycin. CaMKII inhibition may therefore be a promising approach to prevent or ameliorate the progression of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olha Koval
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Shubha Murthy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Chantal Allamargot
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sara C Sebag
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John D Paschke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Omar A Jaffer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - A Brent Carter
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Free Radical and Radiation Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa; and Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa; and
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17
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Sebag SC, Bastarache JA, Ware LB. Mechanical stretch inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced keratinocyte-derived chemokine and tissue factor expression while increasing procoagulant activity in murine lung epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:7875-7884. [PMID: 23362270 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.403220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the innate immune stimulant LPS augments mechanical ventilation-induced pulmonary coagulation and inflammation. Whether these effects are mediated by alveolar epithelial cells is unclear. The alveolar epithelium is a key regulator of the innate immune reaction to pathogens and can modulate both intra-alveolar inflammation and coagulation through up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and tissue factor (TF), the principal initiator of the extrinsic coagulation pathway. We hypothesized that cyclic mechanical stretch (MS) potentiates LPS-mediated alveolar epithelial cell (MLE-12) expression of the chemokine keratinocyte-derived cytokine (KC) and TF. Contrary to our hypothesis, MS significantly decreased LPS-induced KC and TF mRNA and protein expression. Investigation into potential mechanisms showed that stretch significantly reduced LPS-induced surface expression of TLR4 that was not a result of increased degradation. Decreased cell surface TLR4 expression was concomitant with reduced LPS-mediated NF-κB activation. Immunofluorescence staining showed that cyclic MS markedly altered LPS-induced organization of actin filaments. In contrast to expression, MS significantly increased LPS-induced cell surface TF activity independent of calcium signaling. These findings suggest that cyclic MS of lung epithelial cells down-regulates LPS-mediated inflammatory and procoagulant expression by modulating actin organization and reducing cell surface TLR4 expression and signaling. However, because LPS-induced surface TF activity was enhanced by stretch, these data demonstrate differential pathways regulating TF expression and activity. Ultimately, loss of LPS responsiveness in the epithelium induced by MS could result in increased susceptibility of the lung to bacterial infections in the setting of mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Sebag
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2650
| | - Julie A Bastarache
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2650
| | - Lorraine B Ware
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2650; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2650.
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18
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Bastarache JA, Sebag SC, Clune JK, Grove BS, Lawson WE, Janz DR, Roberts LJ, Dworski R, Mackman N, Ware LB. Low levels of tissue factor lead to alveolar haemorrhage, potentiating murine acute lung injury and oxidative stress. Thorax 2012; 67:1032-9. [PMID: 23033361 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-201781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic blockade of tissue factor (TF) attenuates acute lung injury (ALI) in animal models of sepsis but the effects of global TF deficiency are unknown. We used mice with complete knockout of mouse TF and low levels (∼1%) of human TF (LTF mice) to test the hypothesis that global TF deficiency attenuates lung inflammation in direct lung injury. METHODS LTF mice were treated with 10 μg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle administered by direct intratracheal injection and studied at 24 h. RESULTS Contrary to our hypothesis, LTF mice had increased lung inflammation and injury as measured by bronchoalveolar lavage cell count (3.4×10(5) wild-type (WT) LPS vs 3.3×10(5) LTF LPS, p=0.947) and protein (493 μg/ml WT LPS vs 1014 μg/ml LTF LPS, p=0.006), proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-10, IL-12, p<0.035 WT LPS vs LTF LPS) and histology compared with WT mice. LTF mice also had increased haemorrhage and free haemoglobin in the airspace accompanied by increased oxidant stress as measured by lipid peroxidation products (F(2) isoprostanes and isofurans). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that global TF deficiency does not confer protection in a direct lung injury model. Rather, TF deficiency causes increased intra-alveolar haemorrhage following LPS leading to increased lipid peroxidation. Strategies to globally inhibit TF may be deleterious in patients with ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Bastarache
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, USA.
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19
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Sebag SC, Bastarache JA, Ware LB. Therapeutic modulation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2012; 12:1481-96. [PMID: 21401517 DOI: 10.2174/138920111798281171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI) are characterized by excessive intraalveolar fibrin deposition, driven, at least in part by inflammation. The imbalance between activation of coagulation and inhibition of fibrinolysis in patients with ALI/ARDS favors fibrin formation and appears to occur both systemically and in the lung and airspace. Tissue factor (TF), a key mediator of the activation of coagulation in the lung, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS. As such, there have been numerous investigations modulating TF activity in a variety of experimental systems in order to develop new therapeutic strategies for ALI/ARDS. This review will summarize current understanding of the role of TF and other proteins of the coagulation cascade as well the fibrinolysis pathway in the development of ALI/ARDS with an emphasis on the pathways that are potential therapeutic targets. These include the TF inhibitor pathway, the protein C pathway, antithrombin, heparin, and modulation of fibrinolysis through plasminogen activator- 1 (PAI-1) or plasminogen activators (PA). Although experimental studies show promising results, clinical trials to date have proven unsuccessful in improving patient outcomes. Modulation of coagulation and fibrinolysis has complex effects on both hemostasis and inflammatory pathways and further studies are needed to develop new treatment strategies for patients with ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Sebag
- Department of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, T1218 MCN, 1161 21st Avenue S. Nashville, TN 37232-2650, USA
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20
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Bastarache JA, Sebag SC, Grove BS, Ware LB. Interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α act synergistically to up-regulate tissue factor in alveolar epithelial cells. Exp Lung Res 2012; 37:509-17. [PMID: 21913843 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2011.605512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibrin deposition mediated through activation of tissue factor (TF) in the airspace is central to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Defining the mechanisms of TF regulation in the lung is critical to understanding pulmonary fibrin formation. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) up-regulates TF in the injured lung, and there is emerging evidence that another cytokine, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), also modulates expression. The effects of TNF-α and IFN-γ on regulation of TF were studied in alveolar epithelial A549 cells. In addition, potential mechanisms of modulation of TF expression by the 2 cytokines were analyzed with the hypothesis that IFN-γ acts synergistically with TNF-α to up-regulate alveolar epithelial TF through modulation of TNF receptor (TNFR) expression. TNF-α but not IFN-γ treatment increased TF mRNA, protein, and cell surface TF activity. The combination of IFN-γ and TNF-α treatment augmented the effects of TNF-α on TF up-regulation and also increased release of procoagulant microparticles (MPs) from A549 cells. IFN-γ modulated expression of both TNF-α receptors. Studies utilizing neutralizing antibodies against the two TNF receptors showed that the TF effects were mediated primarily through augmentation of TNFR1-dependent cellular responses. These findings have important implications for regulation of fibrin formation in the lung in the setting of acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Bastarache
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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