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Sonawane PD, Gharat SA, Jozwiak A, Barbole R, Heinicke S, Almekias-Siegl E, Meir S, Rogachev I, Connor SEO, Giri AP, Aharoni A. A BAHD-type acyltransferase concludes the biosynthetic pathway of non-bitter glycoalkaloids in ripe tomato fruit. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4540. [PMID: 37500644 PMCID: PMC10374582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato is the highest value fruit and vegetable crop worldwide, yet produces α-tomatine, a renowned toxic and bitter-tasting anti-nutritional steroidal glycoalkaloid (SGA) involved in plant defense. A suite of modifications during tomato fruit maturation and ripening converts α-tomatine to the non-bitter and less toxic Esculeoside A. This important metabolic shift prevents bitterness and toxicity in ripe tomato fruit. While the enzymes catalyzing glycosylation and hydroxylation reactions in the Esculeoside A pathway have been resolved, the proposed acetylating step remains, to date, elusive. Here, we discovered that GAME36 (GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM36), a BAHD-type acyltransferase catalyzes SGA-acetylation in cultivated and wild tomatoes. This finding completes the elucidation of the core Esculeoside A biosynthetic pathway in ripe tomato, allowing reconstitution of Esculeoside A production in heterologous microbial and plant hosts. The involvement of GAME36 in bitter SGA detoxification pathway points to a key role in the evolution of sweet-tasting tomato as well as in the domestication and breeding of modern cultivated tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant D Sonawane
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany.
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
| | - Sachin A Gharat
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Adam Jozwiak
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ranjit Barbole
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sarah Heinicke
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Efrat Almekias-Siegl
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Sagit Meir
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ilana Rogachev
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Sarah E O' Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
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Lorensen MDBB, Bjarnholt N, St-Pierre B, Heinicke S, Courdavault V, O'Connor S, Janfelt C. Spatial localization of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in Rauvolfia tetraphylla by high resolution mass spectrometry imaging. Phytochemistry 2023; 209:113620. [PMID: 36863602 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) are a large group of biosynthetic compounds, which have pharmacological properties. One of these MIAs, reserpine, was discovered in the 1950s and has shown properties as an anti-hypertension and anti-microbial agent. Reserpine was found to be produced in various plant species within the genus of Rauvolfia. However, even though its presence is well known, it is still unknown in which tissues Rauvolfia produce reserpine and where the individual steps in the biosynthetic pathway take place. In this study, we explore how matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) can be used in the investigation of a proposed biosynthetic pathway by localizing reserpine and the theoretical intermediates of it. The results show that ions corresponding to intermediates of reserpine were localized in several of the major parts of Rauvolfia tetraphylla when analyzed by MALDI- and DESI-MSI. In stem tissue, reserpine and many of the intermediates were found compartmentalized in the xylem. For most samples, reserpine itself was mainly found in the outer layers of the sample, suggesting it may function as a defense compound. To further confirm the place of the different metabolites in the reserpine biosynthetic pathway, roots and leaves of R. tetraphylla were fed a stable-isotope labelled version of the precursor tryptamine. Subsequently, several of the proposed intermediates were detected in the normal version as well as in the isotope labelled versions, confirming that they were synthesized in planta from tryptamine. In this experiment, a potential novel dimeric MIA was discovered in leaf tissue of R. tetraphylla. The study constitutes to date the most comprehensive spatial mapping of metabolites in the R. tetraphylla plant. In addition, the article also contains new illustrations of the anatomy of R. tetraphylla.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nanna Bjarnholt
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory and Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Sarah Heinicke
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Sarah O'Connor
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Janfelt
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Kreienbrink A, Heinicke S, Duong Pham TT, Frank R, Lönnecke P, Hey-Hawkins E. Carbaborane-Substituted 1,2,3-Triphospholanes and 1-Aza-2,5-diphospholane: New Synthetic Approaches. Chemistry 2013; 20:1434-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Heinicke S, Roth B, Krüger G, Günther H. [An unusual form of craniofacial dysmorphism with mechanical respiratory disturbances in newborns (author's transl)]. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 1982; 130:110-3. [PMID: 7062919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Gross and histologic findings at autopsy of a one week old newborn baby with respiratory distress and mechanical obstacles to adequate intubation revealed a variation of the craniofacial dysmorphy syndrome: hypoplasia of the mandible combined with dysplastic and hypoplastic tongue and complete situs inversus. The tongue consisted of an hypoplastic smooth anterior part and a hypertrophic posterior part with the usual papillae. Both parts were separated by a deep sulcus across the middle of the tongue with a predominantly fibrous amuscular bottom. Because of this anomaly the posterior part of the tongue was retracted covering the orifice of the larynx and thus causing the respiratory distress. The lesion is discussed in context with data of similar syndromes.
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Künzig HJ, Heinicke S, Schmitz-Röckerath B. Neue Aspekte für die Behandlung des Hirsutismus: Messung des freien Testosterons. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02429750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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