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Sonawane PD, Gharat SA, Jozwiak A, Barbole R, Heinicke S, Almekias-Siegl E, Meir S, Rogachev I, Connor SEO, Giri AP, Aharoni A. A BAHD-type acyltransferase concludes the biosynthetic pathway of non-bitter glycoalkaloids in ripe tomato fruit. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4540. [PMID: 37500644 PMCID: PMC10374582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato is the highest value fruit and vegetable crop worldwide, yet produces α-tomatine, a renowned toxic and bitter-tasting anti-nutritional steroidal glycoalkaloid (SGA) involved in plant defense. A suite of modifications during tomato fruit maturation and ripening converts α-tomatine to the non-bitter and less toxic Esculeoside A. This important metabolic shift prevents bitterness and toxicity in ripe tomato fruit. While the enzymes catalyzing glycosylation and hydroxylation reactions in the Esculeoside A pathway have been resolved, the proposed acetylating step remains, to date, elusive. Here, we discovered that GAME36 (GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM36), a BAHD-type acyltransferase catalyzes SGA-acetylation in cultivated and wild tomatoes. This finding completes the elucidation of the core Esculeoside A biosynthetic pathway in ripe tomato, allowing reconstitution of Esculeoside A production in heterologous microbial and plant hosts. The involvement of GAME36 in bitter SGA detoxification pathway points to a key role in the evolution of sweet-tasting tomato as well as in the domestication and breeding of modern cultivated tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant D Sonawane
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany.
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
| | - Sachin A Gharat
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Adam Jozwiak
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ranjit Barbole
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sarah Heinicke
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Efrat Almekias-Siegl
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Sagit Meir
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ilana Rogachev
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Sarah E O' Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
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2
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Negin B, Hen-Avivi S, Almekias-Siegl E, Shachar L, Jander G, Aharoni A. Tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) cuticular wax composition is essential for leaf retention during drought, facilitating a speedy recovery following rewatering. New Phytol 2023; 237:1574-1589. [PMID: 36369885 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of extensive study, the role of cuticular lipids in sustaining plant fitness is far from being understood. We utilized genome-edited tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) to investigate the significance of different classes of epicuticular wax in abiotic stress such as cuticular water loss, drought, and light response. We generated mutants displaying a range of wax compositions. Four wax mutants and one cutin mutant were extensively investigated for alterations in their response to abiotic factors. Although the mutations led to elevated cuticular water loss, the wax mutants did not display elevated transpiration or reduced growth under nonstressed conditions. However, under drought, plants lacking alkanes were unable to reduce their transpiration, leading to leaf death, impaired recovery, and stem cracking. By contrast, plants deficient in fatty alcohols exhibited elevated drought tolerance, which was part of a larger trend of plant phenotypes not clustering by a glossy/glaucous appearance in the parameters examined in this study. We conclude that although alkanes have little effect on whole N. glauca transpiration and biomass gain under normal, nonstressed conditions, they are essential during drought responses, since they enable plants to seal their cuticle upon stomatal closure, thereby reducing leaf death and facilitating a speedy recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Negin
- Plant and Environmental Science Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Shelly Hen-Avivi
- Plant and Environmental Science Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Efrat Almekias-Siegl
- Plant and Environmental Science Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Lior Shachar
- Plant and Environmental Science Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Plant and Environmental Science Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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3
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Panda S, Jozwiak A, Sonawane PD, Szymanski J, Kazachkova Y, Vainer A, Vasuki Kilambi H, Almekias-Siegl E, Dikaya V, Bocobza S, Shohat H, Meir S, Wizler G, Giri AP, Schuurink R, Weiss D, Yasuor H, Kamble A, Aharoni A. Steroidal alkaloids defence metabolism and plant growth are modulated by the joint action of gibberellin and jasmonate signalling. New Phytol 2022; 233:1220-1237. [PMID: 34758118 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are protective metabolites constitutively produced by Solanaceae species. Genes and enzymes generating the vast structural diversity of SGAs have been largely identified. Yet, mechanisms of hormone pathways coordinating defence (jasmonate; JA) and growth (gibberellin; GA) controlling SGAs metabolism remain unclear. We used tomato to decipher the hormonal regulation of SGAs metabolism during growth vs defence tradeoff. This was performed by genetic and biochemical characterisation of different JA and GA pathways components, coupled with in vitro experiments to elucidate the crosstalk between these hormone pathways mediating SGAs metabolism. We discovered that reduced active JA results in decreased SGA production, while low levels of GA or its receptor led to elevated SGA accumulation. We showed that MYC1 and MYC2 transcription factors mediate the JA/GA crosstalk by transcriptional activation of SGA biosynthesis and GA catabolism genes. Furthermore, MYC1 and MYC2 transcriptionally regulate the GA signalling suppressor DELLA that by itself interferes in JA-mediated SGA control by modulating MYC activity through protein-protein interaction. Chemical and fungal pathogen treatments reinforced the concept of JA/GA crosstalk during SGA metabolism. These findings revealed the mechanism of JA/GA interplay in SGA biosynthesis to balance the cost of chemical defence with growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Panda
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rural delivery Negev, 85280, Israel
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Adam Jozwiak
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Prashant D Sonawane
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Jedrzej Szymanski
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Yana Kazachkova
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Andrii Vainer
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Himabindu Vasuki Kilambi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Efrat Almekias-Siegl
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Varvara Dikaya
- Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Samuel Bocobza
- Department of Vegetable Research, ARO-Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Hagai Shohat
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Sagit Meir
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Guy Wizler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Robert Schuurink
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - David Weiss
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Hagai Yasuor
- Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rural delivery Negev, 85280, Israel
| | - Avinash Kamble
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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4
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Barchi L, Pietrella M, Venturini L, Minio A, Toppino L, Acquadro A, Andolfo G, Aprea G, Avanzato C, Bassolino L, Comino C, Molin AD, Ferrarini A, Maor LC, Portis E, Reyes-Chin-Wo S, Rinaldi R, Sala T, Scaglione D, Sonawane P, Tononi P, Almekias-Siegl E, Zago E, Ercolano MR, Aharoni A, Delledonne M, Giuliano G, Lanteri S, Rotino GL. A chromosome-anchored eggplant genome sequence reveals key events in Solanaceae evolution. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11769. [PMID: 31409808 PMCID: PMC6692341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
With approximately 450 species, spiny Solanum species constitute the largest monophyletic group in the Solanaceae family, but a high-quality genome assembly from this group is presently missing. We obtained a chromosome-anchored genome assembly of eggplant (Solanum melongena), containing 34,916 genes, confirming that the diploid gene number in the Solanaceae is around 35,000. Comparative genomic studies with tomato (S. lycopersicum), potato (S. tuberosum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum) highlighted the rapid evolution of miRNA:mRNA regulatory pairs and R-type defense genes in the Solanaceae, and provided a genomic basis for the lack of steroidal glycoalkaloid compounds in the Capsicum genus. Using parsimony methods, we reconstructed the putative chromosomal complements of the key founders of the main Solanaceae clades and the rearrangements that led to the karyotypes of extant species and their ancestors. From 10% to 15% of the genes present in the four genomes were syntenic paralogs (ohnologs) generated by the pre-γ, γ and T paleopolyploidy events, and were enriched in transcription factors. Our data suggest that the basic gene network controlling fruit ripening is conserved in different Solanaceae clades, and that climacteric fruit ripening involves a differential regulation of relatively few components of this network, including CNR and ethylene biosynthetic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Barchi
- University of Torino - DISAFA - Plant Genetics and Breeding, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Pietrella
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Casaccia Res Ctr, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Roma, Italy.,Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, 47121, Forlì, Italy
| | - Luca Venturini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Rd, Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Minio
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Toppino
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, 26836, Montanaso Lombardo, LO, Italy
| | - Alberto Acquadro
- University of Torino - DISAFA - Plant Genetics and Breeding, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Andolfo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Aprea
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Casaccia Res Ctr, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Roma, Italy
| | - Carla Avanzato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Bassolino
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, 26836, Montanaso Lombardo, LO, Italy
| | - Cinzia Comino
- University of Torino - DISAFA - Plant Genetics and Breeding, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dal Molin
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferrarini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Louise Chappell Maor
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ezio Portis
- University of Torino - DISAFA - Plant Genetics and Breeding, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Sebastian Reyes-Chin-Wo
- UC Davis Genome Center-GBSF, 451 Health Sciences Drive, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Riccardo Rinaldi
- University of Torino - DISAFA - Plant Genetics and Breeding, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Tea Sala
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, 26836, Montanaso Lombardo, LO, Italy
| | - Davide Scaglione
- IGA Technology Services, Via J. Linussio, 51, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Prashant Sonawane
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Paola Tononi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Efrat Almekias-Siegl
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Elisa Zago
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Massimo Delledonne
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Giuliano
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Casaccia Res Ctr, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Roma, Italy.
| | - Sergio Lanteri
- University of Torino - DISAFA - Plant Genetics and Breeding, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Leonardo Rotino
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, 26836, Montanaso Lombardo, LO, Italy
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5
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Cohen H, Dong Y, Szymanski J, Lashbrooke J, Meir S, Almekias-Siegl E, Zeisler-Diehl VV, Schreiber L, Aharoni A. A Multilevel Study of Melon Fruit Reticulation Provides Insight into Skin Ligno-Suberization Hallmarks. Plant Physiol 2019; 179:1486-1501. [PMID: 30700539 PMCID: PMC6446765 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The skin of fleshy fruit is typically covered by a thick cuticle. Some fruit species develop different forms of layers directly above their skin. Reticulation, for example, is a specialized suberin-based coating that ornaments some commercially important melon (Cucumis melo) fruit and is an important quality trait. Despite its importance, the structural, molecular, and biochemical features associated with reticulation are not fully understood. Here, we performed a multilevel investigation of structural attributes, chemical composition, and gene expression profiles on a set of reticulated and smooth skin melons. High-resolution microscopy, surface profiling, and histochemical staining assays show that reticulation comprises cells with heavily suberized walls accumulating large amounts of typical suberin monomers, as well as lignified cells localized underneath the specialized suberized cell layer. Reticulated skin was characterized by induced expression of biosynthetic genes acting in the core phenylpropanoid, suberin, lignin, and lignan pathways. Transcripts of genes associated with lipid polymer assembly, cell wall organization, and loosening were highly enriched in reticulated skin tissue. These signatures were exclusive to reticulated structures and absent in both the smooth surfaces observed in between reticulated regions and in the skin of smooth fruit. Our data provide important insights into the molecular and metabolic bases of reticulation and its tight association with skin ligno-suberization during melon fruit development. Moreover, these insights are likely to contribute to melon breeding programs aimed at improving postharvest qualities associated with fleshy fruit surface layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Cohen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yonghui Dong
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jedrzej Szymanski
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Justin Lashbrooke
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sagit Meir
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Efrat Almekias-Siegl
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Lukas Schreiber
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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6
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Tzfadia O, Bocobza S, Defoort J, Almekias-Siegl E, Panda S, Levy M, Storme V, Rombauts S, Jaitin DA, Keren-Shaul H, Van de Peer Y, Aharoni A. The 'TranSeq' 3'-end sequencing method for high-throughput transcriptomics and gene space refinement in plant genomes. Plant J 2018; 96:223-232. [PMID: 29979480 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput RNA sequencing has proven invaluable not only to explore gene expression but also for both gene prediction and genome annotation. However, RNA sequencing, carried out on tens or even hundreds of samples, requires easy and cost-effective sample preparation methods using minute RNA amounts. Here, we present TranSeq, a high-throughput 3'-end sequencing procedure that requires 10- to 20-fold fewer sequence reads than the current transcriptomics procedures. TranSeq significantly reduces costs and allows a greater increase in size of sample sets analyzed in a single experiment. Moreover, in comparison with other 3'-end sequencing methods reported to date, we demonstrate here the reliability and immediate applicability of TranSeq and show that it not only provides accurate transcriptome profiles but also produces precise expression measurements of specific gene family members possessing high sequence similarity. This is difficult to achieve in standard RNA-seq methods, in which sequence reads cover the entire transcript. Furthermore, mapping TranSeq reads to the reference tomato genome facilitated the annotation of new transcripts improving >45% of the existing gene models. Hence, we anticipate that using TranSeq will boost large-scale transcriptome assays and increase the spatial and temporal resolution of gene expression data, in both model and non-model plant species. Moreover, as already performed for tomato (ITAG3.0; www.solgenomics.net), we strongly advocate its integration into current and future genome annotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Tzfadia
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Samuel Bocobza
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jonas Defoort
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Efrat Almekias-Siegl
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sayantan Panda
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Matan Levy
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Veronique Storme
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephane Rombauts
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Hadas Keren-Shaul
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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7
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Sonawane PD, Pollier J, Panda S, Szymanski J, Massalha H, Yona M, Unger T, Malitsky S, Arendt P, Pauwels L, Almekias-Siegl E, Rogachev I, Meir S, Cárdenas PD, Masri A, Petrikov M, Schaller H, Schaffer AA, Kamble A, Giri AP, Goossens A, Aharoni A. Corrigendum: Plant cholesterol biosynthetic pathway overlaps with phytosterol metabolism. Nat Plants 2017; 3:17101. [PMID: 28604681 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2017.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.205.
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8
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Sonawane PD, Pollier J, Panda S, Szymanski J, Massalha H, Yona M, Unger T, Malitsky S, Arendt P, Pauwels L, Almekias-Siegl E, Rogachev I, Meir S, Cárdenas PD, Masri A, Petrikov M, Schaller H, Schaffer AA, Kamble A, Giri AP, Goossens A, Aharoni A. Plant cholesterol biosynthetic pathway overlaps with phytosterol metabolism. Nat Plants 2016; 3:16205. [PMID: 28005066 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The amount of cholesterol made by many plants is not negligible. Whereas cholesterogenesis in animals was elucidated decades ago, the plant pathway has remained enigmatic. Among other roles, cholesterol is a key precursor for thousands of bioactive plant metabolites, including the well-known Solanum steroidal glycoalkaloids. Integrating tomato transcript and protein co-expression data revealed candidate genes putatively associated with cholesterol biosynthesis. A combination of functional assays including gene silencing, examination of recombinant enzyme activity and yeast mutant complementation suggests the cholesterol pathway comprises 12 enzymes acting in 10 steps. It appears that half of the cholesterogenesis-specific enzymes evolved through gene duplication and divergence from phytosterol biosynthetic enzymes, whereas others act reciprocally in both cholesterol and phytosterol metabolism. Our findings provide a unique example of nature's capacity to exploit existing protein folds and catalytic machineries from primary metabolism to assemble a new, multi-step metabolic pathway. Finally, the engineering of a 'high-cholesterol' model plant underscores the future value of our gene toolbox to produce high-value steroidal compounds via synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant D Sonawane
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Jacob Pollier
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Sayantan Panda
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Jedrzej Szymanski
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- School of Computer Sciences and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hassan Massalha
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Meital Yona
- Israel Structural Proteomics Centre, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tamar Unger
- Israel Structural Proteomics Centre, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Philipp Arendt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Laurens Pauwels
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Efrat Almekias-Siegl
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ilana Rogachev
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sagit Meir
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Pablo D Cárdenas
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Athar Masri
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Marina Petrikov
- Department of Vegetable Research, ARO-Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Hubert Schaller
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS &Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Botanique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Arthur A Schaffer
- Department of Vegetable Research, ARO-Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Avinash Kamble
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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9
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Hen-Avivi S, Savin O, Racovita RC, Lee WS, Adamski NM, Malitsky S, Almekias-Siegl E, Levy M, Vautrin S, Bergès H, Friedlander G, Kartvelishvily E, Ben-Zvi G, Alkan N, Uauy C, Kanyuka K, Jetter R, Distelfeld A, Aharoni A. A Metabolic Gene Cluster in the Wheat W1 and the Barley Cer-cqu Loci Determines β-Diketone Biosynthesis and Glaucousness. Plant Cell 2016; 28:1440-60. [PMID: 27225753 PMCID: PMC4944414 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The glaucous appearance of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants, that is the light bluish-gray look of flag leaf, stem, and spike surfaces, results from deposition of cuticular β-diketone wax on their surfaces; this phenotype is associated with high yield, especially under drought conditions. Despite extensive genetic and biochemical characterization, the molecular genetic basis underlying the biosynthesis of β-diketones remains unclear. Here, we discovered that the wheat W1 locus contains a metabolic gene cluster mediating β-diketone biosynthesis. The cluster comprises genes encoding proteins of several families including type-III polyketide synthases, hydrolases, and cytochrome P450s related to known fatty acid hydroxylases. The cluster region was identified in both genetic and physical maps of glaucous and glossy tetraploid wheat, demonstrating entirely different haplotypes in these accessions. Complementary evidence obtained through gene silencing in planta and heterologous expression in bacteria supports a model for a β-diketone biosynthesis pathway involving members of these three protein families. Mutations in homologous genes were identified in the barley eceriferum mutants defective in β-diketone biosynthesis, demonstrating a gene cluster also in the β-diketone biosynthesis Cer-cqu locus in barley. Hence, our findings open new opportunities to breed major cereal crops for surface features that impact yield and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Hen-Avivi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Orna Savin
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Radu C Racovita
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Wing-Sham Lee
- Plant Biology and Crop Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolai M Adamski
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Efrat Almekias-Siegl
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Matan Levy
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sonia Vautrin
- INRA-Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Hélène Bergès
- INRA-Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Gilgi Friedlander
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Elena Kartvelishvily
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Noam Alkan
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Cristobal Uauy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Kostya Kanyuka
- Plant Biology and Crop Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Reinhard Jetter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada Department of Botany, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Assaf Distelfeld
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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