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Sherif YA, Erdene S, Khan L, Rosengart TK, Asturias Simons SM, Davis RW, Philipo GS. Fidelity in Academic Global Surgery and Research: Incorporating Trustworthiness in the Development of Research Partnerships, Infrastructure, and Policy. J Am Coll Surg 2024:00019464-990000000-00977. [PMID: 38682803 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000001104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Academic global surgery consists of collaborative partnerships that address surgical inequities through research, training, education, advocacy, and diplomacy. It has been characterized by increased scholastic production through global surgery publications, dedicated global surgery sessions within scientific conferences, global surgery-specific research grants, database development to support global surgery research, global surgery research fellowships, and global surgery-based academic promotion paradigms. The increased emphasis on global surgery research has been accompanied by multiple ethical challenges. This article reviews critical ethical dilemmas presented by global surgery research efforts and proposes interventions on the partnership, infrastructural, and policy levels to enhance fidelity within research partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmna A Sherif
- Center for Global Surgery at the Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Sarnai Erdene
- Department of Surgery, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Lubna Khan
- Center for Global Surgery at the Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Todd K Rosengart
- Center for Global Surgery at the Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
| | | | - Rachel W Davis
- Center for Global Surgery at the Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Godfrey Sama Philipo
- The College of Surgeons of East Central and Southern Africa
- Branch for Global Surgical Care, The University of British Columbia
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Pawlak N, Dart C, Aguilar HS, Ameh E, Bekele A, Jimenez MF, Lakhoo K, Ozgediz D, Roy N, Terfera G, Ademuyiwa AO, Alayande BT, Alonso N, Anderson GA, Anyanwu SNC, Aregawi AB, Bandyopadhyay S, Banu T, Bedada AG, Belachew AG, Botelho F, Bua E, Campos LN, Dodgion C, Drejza M, Durieux ME, Dutta R, Erdene S, Vaz Ferreira R, Gathuya Z, Ghosh D, Jawa RS, Johnson WD, Khan FA, Navas Leon FJ, Long KL, Macleod JBA, Mahajan A, Maine RG, Malolos GZC, McClain CD, Nabukenya MT, Nthumba PM, Nwomeh BC, Ojuka DK, Penny N, Quiodettis MA, Rickard J, Roa L, Salgado LS, Samad L, Seyi-Olajide JO, Smith M, Starr N, Stewart RJ, Tarpley JL, Trostchansky JL, Trostchansky I, Weiser TG, Wobenjo A, Wollner E, Jayaraman S. Correction: Academic global surgical competencies: A modified Delphi consensus study. PLOS Glob Public Health 2023; 3:e0002414. [PMID: 37708095 PMCID: PMC10501557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002102.].
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Sherif YA, Adam MA, Imana A, Erdene S, Davis RW. Remote Robotic Surgery and Virtual Education Platforms: How Advanced Surgical Technologies Can Increase Access to Surgical Care in Resource-Limited Settings. Semin Plast Surg 2023; 37:217-222. [PMID: 37842543 PMCID: PMC10569862 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Advanced surgical technologies consist of remote and virtual platforms that facilitate surgical care and education. It also includes the infrastructure necessary to utilize these platforms (e.g., internet access, robotic systems, and simulators). Given that 5 billion people lack access to safe and timely surgical care, the appeal of these technologies to the field of global surgery lies primarily in its ability to eliminate geographical barriers and address surgeon shortages. This article discusses the use of virtual and remote technologies in resource-limited settings, the potential applications of these technologies, the possible barriers to their integration, and the impact these technologies may have on access to surgical care and education. Specifically, it will explore how robotic surgery, telesurgery, virtual education platforms, and simulations have the potential to be instrumental in enhancing worldwide access to safe surgical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmna A. Sherif
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Center for Global Surgery at the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Aimee Imana
- Sudanese Consortium for Surgical Development, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sarnai Erdene
- Department of Surgery, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Rachel W. Davis
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Center for Global Surgery at the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Pawlak N, Dart C, Aguilar HS, Ameh E, Bekele A, Jimenez MF, Lakhoo K, Ozgediz D, Roy N, Terfera G, Ademuyiwa AO, Alayande BT, Alonso N, Anderson GA, Anyanwu SNC, Aregawi AB, Bandyopadhyay S, Banu T, Bedada AG, Belachew AG, Botelho F, Bua E, Campos LN, Dodgion C, Drejza M, Durieux ME, Dutta R, Erdene S, Ferreira RV, Gathuya Z, Ghosh D, Jawa RS, Johnson WD, Khan FA, Leon FJN, Long KL, Macleod JBA, Mahajan A, Maine RG, Malolos GZC, McClain CD, Nabukenya MT, Nthumba PM, Nwomeh BC, Ojuka DK, Penny N, Quiodettis MA, Rickard J, Roa L, Salgado LS, Samad L, Seyi-Olajide JO, Smith M, Starr N, Stewart RJ, Tarpley JL, Trostchansky JL, Trostchansky I, Weiser TG, Wobenjo A, Wollner E, Jayaraman S. Academic global surgical competencies: A modified Delphi consensus study. PLOS Glob Public Health 2023; 3:e0002102. [PMID: 37450426 PMCID: PMC10348592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Academic global surgery is a rapidly growing field that aims to improve access to safe surgical care worldwide. However, no universally accepted competencies exist to inform this developing field. A consensus-based approach, with input from a diverse group of experts, is needed to identify essential competencies that will lead to standardization in this field. A task force was set up using snowball sampling to recruit a broad group of content and context experts in global surgical and perioperative care. A draft set of competencies was revised through the modified Delphi process with two rounds of anonymous input. A threshold of 80% consensus was used to determine whether a competency or sub-competency learning objective was relevant to the skillset needed within academic global surgery and perioperative care. A diverse task force recruited experts from 22 countries to participate in both rounds of the Delphi process. Of the n = 59 respondents completing both rounds of iterative polling, 63% were from low- or middle-income countries. After two rounds of anonymous feedback, participants reached consensus on nine core competencies and 31 sub-competency objectives. The greatest consensus pertained to competency in ethics and professionalism in global surgery (100%) with emphasis on justice, equity, and decolonization across multiple competencies. This Delphi process, with input from experts worldwide, identified nine competencies which can be used to develop standardized academic global surgery and perioperative care curricula worldwide. Further work needs to be done to validate these competencies and establish assessments to ensure that they are taught effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Pawlak
- Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christine Dart
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | | | - Emmanuel Ameh
- National Hospital Division of Paediatric Surgery, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Abebe Bekele
- University of Global Health Equity, Butaro, Rwanda
- Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Maria F. Jimenez
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Doruk Ozgediz
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nobhojit Roy
- The George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India
| | - Girma Terfera
- Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Adesoji O. Ademuyiwa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Soham Bandyopadhyay
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University Global Surgery Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Tahmina Banu
- Chittagong Research Institute for Children Surgery, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Fabio Botelho
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Emmanuel Bua
- Busitema University Mbale Hospital, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Leticia Nunes Campos
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Chris Dodgion
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michalina Drejza
- Specialty Trainee in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel E. Durieux
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Rohini Dutta
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarnai Erdene
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | | | - Dhruva Ghosh
- NIHR Health Research Unit On Global Surgery, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, India
| | | | - Walter D. Johnson
- Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - Kristin L. Long
- Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jana B. A. Macleod
- Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anshul Mahajan
- Global Surgery Fellow, WHO Collaboration Centre (WHOCC) for Research in Surgical Care Delivery in LMICs’, Mumbai, India
| | - Rebecca G. Maine
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Craig D. McClain
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Program in Global Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Peter M. Nthumba
- Department of Surgery, AIC Kijabe Hospital, Kijabe, Kenya
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Benedict C. Nwomeh
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Norgrove Penny
- Branch for Global Surgical Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer Rickard
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lina Roa
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Lubna Samad
- Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Global, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Martin Smith
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nichole Starr
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Stewart
- Global Initiative for Children’s Surgery, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - John L. Tarpley
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | | | - Thomas G. Weiser
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | | | - Elliot Wollner
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sudha Jayaraman
- Department of Surgery, Center for Global Surgery, University of Utah Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
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Ganbaatar B, Badarch BI, Batsuuri B, Orgoi S, Sainbyan T, Batjargal G, Erdene S, Zandanbazar U, Tuul M. Massive gastrointestinal bleeding following living donor liver transplantation: a case report. Korean Journal of Transplantation 2022. [DOI: 10.4285/atw2022.f-4953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bayarbileg Ganbaatar
- Organ Transplantation Center, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Bat-Ireedui Badarch
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Batsaikhan Batsuuri
- Organ Transplantation Center, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Sergelen Orgoi
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Tamir Sainbyan
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ganzorig Batjargal
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Sarnai Erdene
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Undarmaa Zandanbazar
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Monkhbold Tuul
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Erdene S, Setevdorj O, Badarch BI, Batsuuri B, Batjargal G, Bat-Erdene B, Zandanbazar U, Sandag E, Orgoi S. Nonsurgical treatment of abdominal compartment syndrome in a patient following living donor liver transplantation: a case report. Korean Journal of Transplantation 2022. [DOI: 10.4285/atw2022.f-5068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarnai Erdene
- Department of Surgery, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Otgonbayar Setevdorj
- Department of Surgery, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Bat-Ireedui Badarch
- Department of Surgery, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Batsaikhan Batsuuri
- Department of Surgery, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ganzorig Batjargal
- Department of Surgery, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Batsaikhan Bat-Erdene
- Department of Surgery, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Undarmaa Zandanbazar
- Department of Surgery, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Erdene Sandag
- Department of Surgery, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Sergelen Orgoi
- Department of Surgery, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Nunez JM, Nellermoe J, Davis A, Ruhnke S, Gonchigjav B, Bat-Erdene N, Zorigtbaatar A, Jalali A, Bagley K, Katz M, Pioli H, Bat-Erdene B, Erdene S, Orgoi S, Price RR, Lundeg G. Establishing a baseline for surgical care in Mongolia: a situational analysis using the six indicators from the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e051838. [PMID: 35863828 PMCID: PMC9316021 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To inform national planning, six indicators posed by the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery were collected for the Mongolian surgical system. This situational analysis shows one lower middle-income country's ability to collect the indicators aided by a well-developed health information system. DESIGN An 11-year retrospective analysis of the Mongolian surgical system using data from the Health Development Center, National Statistics Office and Household Socio-Economic Survey. Access estimates were based on travel time to capable hospitals. Provider density, surgical volume and postoperative mortality were calculated at national and regional levels. Protection against impoverishing and catastrophic expenditures was assessed against standard out-of-pocket expenditure at government hospitals for individual operations. SETTING Mongolia's 81 public hospitals with surgical capability, including tertiary, secondary and primary/secondary facilities. PARTICIPANTS All operative patients in Mongolia's public hospitals, 2006-2016. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes were national-level results of the indicators. Secondary outcomes include regional access; surgeons, anaesthesiologists and obstetricians (SAO) density; surgical volume; and perioperative mortality. RESULTS In 2016, 80.1% of the population had 2-hour access to essential surgery, including 60% of those outside the capital. SAO density was 47.4/100 000 population. A coding change increased surgical volume to 5784/100 000 population, and in-hospital mortality decreased from 0.27% to 0.14%. All households were financially protected from caesarean section. Appendectomy carried 99.4% and 98.4% protection, external femur fixation carried 75.4% and 50.7% protection from impoverishing and catastrophic expenditures, respectively. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy carried 42.9% protection from both. CONCLUSIONS Mongolia meets national benchmarks for access, provider density, surgical volume and postoperative mortality with notable limitations. Significant disparities exist between regions. Unequal access may be efficiently addressed by strengthening or building key district hospitals in population-dense areas. Increased financial protections are needed for operations involving hardware or technology. Ongoing monitoring and evaluation will support the development of context-specific interventions to improve surgical care in Mongolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade M Nunez
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jonathan Nellermoe
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Andrea Davis
- Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Simon Ruhnke
- Berliner Institut für Empirische Integrations- und Migrationsforschung/BIM, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nomindari Bat-Erdene
- Department of Surgery, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - Ali Jalali
- Cornell University Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Kevin Bagley
- Southwest Memorial Hospital, Cortez, Colorado, USA
| | - Micah Katz
- Cayuga Medical Center, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Hannah Pioli
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Batsaikhan Bat-Erdene
- Department of Surgery, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Sarnai Erdene
- Department of Surgery, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Sergelen Orgoi
- Department of Surgery, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Raymond R Price
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ganbold Lundeg
- Department of Critical Care and Anaesthesia, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Goodman LF, Chuluun E, Sanjaa B, Urjin S, Erdene S, Khad N, Jamiyanjav A, Stephenson J, Farmer DL. A Nationwide Assessment of Pediatric Surgical Capacity in Mongolia. World J Surg 2018; 42:3432-3442. [PMID: 29619512 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-018-4613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mongolia is a country characterized by its vast distances and extreme climate. An underdeveloped medical transport infrastructure makes patient transfer from outlying regions dangerous. Providing pediatric surgical care locally is crucial to improve the lives of children in the countryside. This is the first structured assessment of nationwide pediatric surgical capacity. METHODS Operation rates were calculated using data from the Mongolian Center for Health Development and population data from the Mongolian Statistical Information Service. The Pediatric Personnel, Infrastructure, Procedures, Equipment, and Supplies (PediPIPES) survey tool was used to collect data at all survey sites. Descriptive data analyses were completed using Excel. Studies of association were completed using Stata. All reported percentages are of the hospitals outside of the capital (n = 21). RESULTS All provincial hospitals have general surgeons; seven (33.3%) of them have pediatric surgeon(s). One facility has no anesthesiologist. All facilities perform basic procedures and provide anesthesia. Four (19%) can treat common congenital anomalies. All facilities have basic operating room equipment. Nine hospitals do not have pulse oximetry available. Twelve hospitals do not have pediatric surgical instruments always available. Pediatric supplies are lacking. CONCLUSIONS Provincial hospitals in Mongolia can perform basic procedures. However, essential pediatric supplies are lacking. Consequently, certain life-saving procedures are not available to children outside of the capital. Only a few improvements would be amendable to low-cost process improvement adjustment, and the majority of needs require resource additions. Procedure, equipment, and supply availability should be further explored to develop a comprehensive nationwide pediatric surgical program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Goodman
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Health, 2315 Stockton Boulevard OP512, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Erdenetsetseg Chuluun
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, S. Zorig Street-3, Sukhbaatar District, P.O. Box 48/111, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Burmaa Sanjaa
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, S. Zorig Street-3, Sukhbaatar District, P.O. Box 48/111, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Sanchin Urjin
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, S. Zorig Street-3, Sukhbaatar District, P.O. Box 48/111, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Sarnai Erdene
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, S. Zorig Street-3, Sukhbaatar District, P.O. Box 48/111, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Narantuya Khad
- Department for Statistics and Information Technology, Center for Health Development, Enkhtaivan Street - 13b, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Adiyasuren Jamiyanjav
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, National Center for Maternal and Child Health, Khuvsgalch Road, Bayangol District, Ulaanbaatar, 16060, Mongolia
| | - Jacob Stephenson
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Health, 2221 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Diana L Farmer
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Health, 2221 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
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Wells KM, Lee YJ, Erdene S, Erdene S, Sanchin U, Sergelen O, Zhang C, Rodriguez BP, deVries CR, Price RR. Building operative care capacity in a resource limited setting: The Mongolian model of the expansion of sustainable laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgery 2016; 160:509-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ng-Kamstra JS, Greenberg SLM, Abdullah F, Amado V, Anderson GA, Cossa M, Costas-Chavarri A, Davies J, Debas HT, Dyer GSM, Erdene S, Farmer PE, Gaumnitz A, Hagander L, Haider A, Leather AJM, Lin Y, Marten R, Marvin JT, McClain CD, Meara JG, Meheš M, Mock C, Mukhopadhyay S, Orgoi S, Prestero T, Price RR, Raykar NP, Riesel JN, Riviello R, Rudy SM, Saluja S, Sullivan R, Tarpley JL, Taylor RH, Telemaque LF, Toma G, Varghese A, Walker M, Yamey G, Shrime MG. Global Surgery 2030: a roadmap for high income country actors. BMJ Glob Health 2016; 1:e000011. [PMID: 28588908 PMCID: PMC5321301 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2015-000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Millennium Development Goals have ended and the Sustainable Development Goals have begun, marking a shift in the global health landscape. The frame of reference has changed from a focus on 8 development priorities to an expansive set of 17 interrelated goals intended to improve the well-being of all people. In this time of change, several groups, including the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery, have brought a critical problem to the fore: 5 billion people lack access to safe, affordable surgical and anaesthesia care when needed. The magnitude of this problem and the world's new focus on strengthening health systems mandate reimagined roles for and renewed commitments from high income country actors in global surgery. To discuss the way forward, on 6 May 2015, the Commission held its North American launch event in Boston, Massachusetts. Panels of experts outlined the current state of knowledge and agreed on the roles of surgical colleges and academic medical centres; trainees and training programmes; academia; global health funders; the biomedical devices industry, and news media and advocacy organisations in building sustainable, resilient surgical systems. This paper summarises these discussions and serves as a consensus statement providing practical advice to these groups. It traces a common policy agenda between major actors and provides a roadmap for maximising benefit to surgical patients worldwide. To close the access gap by 2030, individuals and organisations must work collectively, interprofessionally and globally. High income country actors must abandon colonial narratives and work alongside low and middle income country partners to build the surgical systems of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Ng-Kamstra
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah L M Greenberg
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Fizan Abdullah
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vanda Amado
- Department of Surgery, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
- Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Geoffrey A Anderson
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matchecane Cossa
- National Program of Surgery, Ministry of Health of Mozambique, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Haile T Debas
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
- University of California Global Health Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - George S M Dyer
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarnai Erdene
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Paul E Farmer
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Partners In Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Lars Hagander
- Pediatric Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Division of Pediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Adil Haider
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Harvard Medical School and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew J M Leather
- King's Centre for Global Health, King's Health Partners and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yihan Lin
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Faculty of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert Marten
- The Rockefeller Foundation, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Craig D McClain
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John G Meara
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mira Meheš
- The G4 Alliance, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles Mock
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Global Injury Section, Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Centre, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Swagoto Mukhopadhyay
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine Integrated General Surgery Program, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sergelen Orgoi
- Department of Surgery, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Essential Emergency and Surgical Care (MOG1), Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - Raymond R Price
- Department of Surgery, Center for Global Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Intermountain Surgical Specialists, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nakul P Raykar
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Johanna N Riesel
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Plastic Surgery Combined Residency Program, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Riviello
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Harvard Medical School and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Trauma, Burns, and Surgical Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Saurabh Saluja
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard Sullivan
- King's Centre for Global Health, King's Health Partners and King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cancer Policy, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John L Tarpley
- Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Surgical Service, VA Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, USA
| | - Robert H Taylor
- Department of Surgery, Branch for International Surgical Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Louis-Franck Telemaque
- Department of Surgery, State Medical School, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
- State University Hospital, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Gabriel Toma
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Asha Varghese
- Developing Health Globally, GE Foundation, Fairfield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Melanie Walker
- President's Delivery Unit, World Bank Group, Washington DC, USA
| | - Gavin Yamey
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark G Shrime
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Otology and Laryngology and Office of Global Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Wells KM, Lee YJ, Erdene S, Erdene S, Sanchin U, Sergelen O, Presson A, Zhang C, Rodriguez B, deVries C, Price R. Expansion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a resource limited setting, Mongolia: a 9-year cross-sectional retrospective review. Lancet 2015; 385 Suppl 2:S38. [PMID: 26313086 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefits of laparoscopic cholecystectomy have been largely unavailable to most people in developing countries. Mongolia has an extremely high incidence of gallbladder disease. In 2005, only 2% of cholecystectomies were being done laparoscopically. Open cholecystectomies were associated with high rates of wound infections, complications, and increased recovery time. Because of the unacceptable complications associated with open cholecystectomies, and nearly 50% of the nomadic population needing faster post-operative recovery times, a national project for the development of laparoscopic surgery was organised. Multi-institutional collaboration between the Mongolia Health Sciences University, the Dr W C Swanson Family Foundation (SFF), the University of Utah, Intermountain Healthcare, and the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) led to the promulgation of a formalised countrywide laparoscopic training programme during the past 9 years. This is a retrospective review of the transition from open to laparoscopic cholecystectomy throughout Mongolia. METHODS Demographic patient data, diagnosis, and operation preformed-laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy, between January, 2005, and September, 2013, were collected and trends were analysed from seven regional diagnostic referral and treatment centres, and two tertiary academic medical centres from six of the 21 provinces (Aimags) throughout Mongolia. Data were analysed by individual training centre, by year, and then compared between rural and urban centres. FINDINGS Nearly 16 000 cholecystectomies were analysed and compared (4417 [28·2%] men; 11 244 [71·8%] women). Men and women underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with the same frequency (41·2% men, 43·2% women) and had similar age (men, mean 52·2 years [SD 14·8]; women, mean 49·4 years [SD 15·7]). By 2013, 62% of gallbladders were removed laparoscopically countrywide as opposed to only 2% in 2005. More than 315 Mongolian practitioners have received laparoscopic training in 19 of 21 Aimags. On average 60% of cholecystectomies are done laparoscopically in urban surgical centres, up from 2%, versus 55% in rural surgical centres, up from 0%, in 2005. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy surpassed open cholecystectomy as the primary method for gallbladder removal countrywide in 2011. INTERPRETATION By 2013, 62% of cholecystectomies countrywide were done laparoscopically, a great increase from 9 years ago. Despite being a resource limited country, the expansion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy has transformed the care of biliary tract disease in Mongolia. FUNDING The University of Utah Center for Global Surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Wells
- The University of Utah Center for Global Surgery, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Yu-Jin Lee
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sarnai Erdene
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences (MNUMS), Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Sandag Erdene
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences (MNUMS), Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Urjin Sanchin
- Second General Hospital Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Orgoi Sergelen
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences (MNUMS), Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Angela Presson
- Department of Epidemiology and Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Brandon Rodriguez
- The University of Utah Center for Global Surgery, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Catherine deVries
- The University of Utah Center for Global Surgery, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Raymond Price
- Intermountain Healthcare and The University of Utah Center for Global Surgery, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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