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Saleh AM, Al-Qudah MA, Nasr A, Rizvi SA, Borai A, Daghistani M. Comprehensive Analysis of the Chemical Composition and In Vitro Cytotoxic Mechanisms of Pallines Spinosa Flower and Leaf Essential Oils Against Breast Cancer Cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 42:2043-2065. [PMID: 28803233 DOI: 10.1159/000479900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In our quest for new natural anticancer agents, we studied the cytotoxicity of the essential oils extracted from flowers and leaves of Pallines spinosa. METHODS The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and solid phase microextraction (SPME) from flowers and leaves of the plant and their composition was determined by GC/GC-MS. The cytotoxicity of the oils was evaluated against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinomas, and the non-cancerous MCF-10-2A cells, using a flow cytometry-based assay Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry, nuclear staining, caspases activation, and Western blotting techniques, and cell cycle by measuring DNA contents. RESULTS The hydrodistilled flower oil contained mainly sesquiterpenes (96.39%), while the leaf sample was dominated by oxygenated-sesquiterpenes (51.60%) and sesquiterpene-hydrocarbons (34.06%). In contrast, the SPME oil contained mainly monoterpene-hydrocarbons (44.09%) and sesquiterpene-hydrocarbons (34.15%) in the flower and leaf samples, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the flower oil against MCF-7 (IC50 0.25 ± 0.03 µg/mL) and MDA-MB-231 (IC50 0.21 ± 0.03 µg/mL) was much stronger than the leaf oil (IC50 2.4 ± 0.5 µg/mL and 1.5 ± 0.1 µg/mL, respectively). The toxicity of the flower oil was ∼5 to 8-times less in normal MCF-10-2A (IC50 1.3 ± 0.2 µg/mL) and blood mononuclear cells (2.80 ± 0.45 µg/mL) as compared to breast and hematological cancer cells, respectively. Both oils induced a caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, and altered the levels of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins. In addition, the oils arrested cell cycle in both cancer cell lines at G0/G1 phase by modulating the expression of cyclin D1, CDK4 and p21 proteins. CONCLUSION The cytotoxicity of P. spinosa oils were mediated by apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, suggesting the potential use of their bioactive compounds as natural anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M Saleh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Al-Qudah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Amre Nasr
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed A Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University (NSU), Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Anwar Borai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Daghistani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Rizvi SA, Hatcher J, Jehan I, Qureshi R. Maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight in Karachi: a case-control study. East Mediterr Health J 2008; 13:1343-52. [PMID: 18341184 DOI: 10.26719/2007.13.6.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight (LBW) among women aged 15-35 years, we carried out a hospital-based, case-control study on 262 cases (mothers of neonates weighing < or = 2.5 kg) and 262 controls (mothers of neonates weighing > 2.5 kg). Odds of delivering a low-birth-weight baby decreased with increase in maternal haemoglobin [odds ratio (OR): 0.701; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62-0.79]. Odds were greater among mothers not using iron supplements during pregnancy (OR: 2.88; 95% CI: 1.83-4.54). Mothers of LBW babies had lower haemoglobin levels before delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Rizvi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Apkarian RP, Shamsi S, Rizvi SA, Benian G, Neal AL, Taylor J, Dublin SN. Cryoetch and Cryo-planing for Low Temperature HRSEM SE-I Imaging of Hydrated Multicellular Microbial and Bioorganic Systems. Microsc Microanal 2006; 12:1120-1121. [DOI: 10.1017/s1431927606063823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
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Cohen BA, Khan O, Jeffery DR, Bashir K, Rizvi SA, Fox EJ, Agius M, Bashir R, Collins TE, Herndon R, Kinkel P, Mikol DD, Picone MA, Rivera V, Tornatore C, Zwibel H. Identifying and treating patients with suboptimal responses. Neurology 2004; 63:S33-40. [PMID: 15623669 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.63.12_suppl_6.s33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated neurologic disease in which acute inflammatory events early in the disease course contribute to subsequent neurologic disability. The early relapsing inflammatory phase is followed by a progressive degenerative phase in which the frequency of acute inflammatory attacks diminishes but progressive loss of neurologic function continues. Current immune therapies are most effective in suppressing the acute inflammatory events that characterize the earlier stages of disease. Optimal suppression of these inflammatory events is likely to have the best potential for delaying or preventing loss of axons and decline in neurologic function. In view of these considerations, and because MS is a heterogeneous disease and response to disease-modifying agents (DMA) varies across individuals, it is important to identify suboptimal responders as early as possible to allow therapeutic modification while the opportunity to avert future loss of function remains. At present, no criteria for identifying suboptimal responders have been validated. In January 2004, a group of neurologists from 16 MS centers in the United States met to develop a consensus on criteria for defining suboptimal response for use in compelling clinical situations and to prompt clinical studies to validate the efficacy of these criteria. Consensus criteria included relapse rates of either 1/year or unchanged from pretreatment rates, incomplete recovery from multiple attacks, evolution of polyregional neurologic involvement, recurrent brainstem or spinal cord lesions, and cumulative loss of neurologic function sufficient to disrupt daily activities. The panel then considered the use of mitoxantrone for patients with worsening MS and a suboptimal response to DMA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Cohen
- Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Abbott Hall 1121, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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Rizvi SA, Naqvi SA, Hussain Z, Hashmi A, Hussain M, Zafar MN, Sultan S, Mehdi H. Management of pediatric urolithiasis in Pakistan: experience with 1,440 children. J Urol 2003; 169:634-7. [PMID: 12544331 DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000041402.50707.c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the efficacy and safety of different modalities for pediatric urolithiasis in a developing country in 2 eras, namely before and after the advent of minimally invasive surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 1,440 children younger than 14 years treated with various modalities during a 14-year period. From 1987 to 1995, 486 and 50 patients were treated with open surgery, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL, Dornier Medical Systems, Inc., Marietta, Georgia) and minimally invasive methods, respectively. Between 1996 and 2000, 518 and 386 children were treated with surgery and minimally invasive methods, respectively. RESULTS Of the 1,440 children 795 (55.2%) had renal, 198 (13.8%) had ureteral and 447 (31%) had bladder calculi. Of the renal stones 556 (70%), 177 (22%) and 62 (7.8%) were treated with open surgery, ESWL and percutaneous nephrolithotomy, respectively. Of the ureteral calculi 85 (43%), 37 (18.6%) and 76 (38%) were managed by ESWL, ureterorenoscopy and open surgery, respectively. Of the bladder calculi 307 (68%), 77 (17.2%) and 63 (14%) were treated with open vesicolithotomy, transurethral pneumatic cystolithotripsy and ESWL, respectively. The renal stone clearance rate was 98% after open surgery, 84% after ESWL and 68% after percutaneous nephrolithotomy monotherapy at 3 months of followup. Similarly the ureteral stone-free rate was 54% after ESWL and 86.9% after ureterorenoscopy. Of the patients with bladder calculi 48% and 93% become stone-free after ESWL and transurethral pneumatic cystolithotripsy, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The use of ESWL, percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ureterorenoscopy has resulted in treating a large number of children with a short hospital stay and early return to school. Open surgery is reserved only for complex stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Rizvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
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Rizvi SA, Naqvi SA. Kidney transplantation in Pakistan. Clin Transpl 2001:381-2. [PMID: 11512344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S A Rizvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
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Stroosma OB, Scheltinga MR, van der Akker LH, Rizvi SA, Naqvi SA, Kootstra G. Successful transplantation of a divided horse-shoe kidney following prolonged donor hypotension and long-distance transportation. Transpl Int 2001; 14:56-7. [PMID: 11263559 DOI: 10.1007/s001470050745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Removing entrapped pacing and defibrillator leads has been greatly simplified by making use of the excimer laser extractor. Sixty-two leads were successfully removed, although where appropriate, portions of the lead remained in place in 10 cases. There were two serious complications, one tear of the superior vena cava during an ICD extraction and one tear of the atrium during an atrial lead extraction. Both were controlled successfully through emergency sternotomy. Although extracting entrapped leads has been much simplified by making use of the laser extractor, the process is not free of serious complications. Those involved in explanting leads should be aware of the outcomes and be prepared for emergent management.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Parsonnet
- Division of Surgical Research, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, 201 Lyons Avenue, Newark, NJ,
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Zafar MN, Abbas K, Muzaffer R, Hafiz S, Hussain Z, Naqvi A, Rizvi SA. Impact of CREG matching on renal allograft survival in one haplotype matched transplants. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:1838. [PMID: 11119961 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M N Zafar
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation Dow Medical College and Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Naqvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jawad
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To study the outcome of high-energy transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) in patients with obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). PATIENT AND METHODS Between September 1995 and March 1998, patients presenting with urinary retention secondary to BPH were recruited into the study. Their mean age was 67.2 years (range 50-85 years). The mean catheterization time prior to treatment was 3 months (range 15 days-1 year). Among the 200 patients treated during this period, 30 were high anesthesia risk (American Society of Anesthesiologists Class III/IV). The patients were treated in a single 1-hour session using high-energy (Prostatron 2.5) software, the range of energy transmitted being 111.9 to 214.2 kJ (mean 196.3 kJ). Symptoms were scored according to the International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS). The mean prostate volume subjected to TUMT was 59 cc (range 40-149.7 cc). The patients were followed every 3 months with measurements of peak flow rate, postvoiding residual urine volume estimation, and IPSS. RESULTS Of the 200 patients, 33 were lost to follow-up, 155 were responsive (catheter free with physiologically acceptable peak flow rate), and 12 (7%) were nonresponsive. Only 4 patients (2%) experienced deterioration in their flow rates during the follow-up period of 2 years. They underwent transurethral resection. High-energy thermotherapy resulted in irritative voiding complaints in 80% of patients for 2 to 4 weeks. CONCLUSION The initial results were encouraging, and the 2-year follow-up has shown appreciable sustainability in the treatment outcome, particularly in patients at high anesthesia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Naqvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Rizvi SA. [The use of transpedicular system of stabilization in surgical treatment of vertebral column tumors]. Klin Khir 2000:37-9. [PMID: 10857341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The experience of application of the titanium transpedicular systems in 23 patients with the vertebral column (VC) tumor was summarized. In all the patients good VC stability was noted after the operation, what had permitted to conduct their early activization.
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Naqvi SM, Rizvi SA. Accumulation of chromium and copper in three different soils and bioaccumulation in an aquatic plant, Alternanthera philoxeroides. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2000; 65:55-61. [PMID: 10874080 DOI: 10.1007/s0012800094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S M Naqvi
- Division of Science and Mathematics, Delgado Community College, New Orleans, LA 70119-4399, USA
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Rizvi SA. Pediatric renal transplantation in Pakistan. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:652-3. [PMID: 10812154 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)00932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S A Rizvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Dow Medical College and Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Rizvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Rizvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Rizvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Rizvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Dow Medical College and Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. computer%siut%
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Rizvi SA, Naqvi SA, Hussain Z, Hafiz S, Akhtar F, Zafar N, Altaf H, Ahmed E, Hussain M. Factors influencing renal transplantation in a developing country. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:1810-1. [PMID: 9723292 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S A Rizvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
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Kievit JK, Nederstigt AP, Oomen AP, Rizvi SA, Naqvi A, Thiel G, De Meester J, Kootstra G. Outcome of machine-perfused non-heart-beating donor kidneys, not allocated within the Eurotransplant area. Transpl Int 1998; 11 Suppl 1:S421-3. [PMID: 9665031 DOI: 10.1007/s001470050513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Eleven non-heart-beating (NHB) donor kidneys considered vital during machine perfusion (MP), could not be allocated inside Eurotransplant (ET). With the help of ET, five kidneys were transplanted in Karachi and six in Basel. Our goal was to prove that NHB kidneys successfully passing MP viability tests can be transplanted safely. METHODS Donor age, serum creatinine (some post-mortem) and warm ischaemic time were, respectively, (mean and range): 44 (14-70) years, 137 mumol/l, and 44 (9-80) min. Reasons for refusal were: bold ureter (one), suboptimal flush (one), relatively long hypotensive phase (seven), and donor age of 70 years (two). After 8 h of MP, mean lactate dehydrogenase, intrarenal resistance and alpha glutathione S-transferase were (including range): 556 U/l (range 366-819 U/l), 0.86 mmHg/ml per min (0.41-1.15 mmHg/ml per min) and 1188 micrograms/l (575-2677 micrograms/l), respectively. Mean cold ischaemic time was 45 (range 28-72) h. RESULTS Two kidneys showed immediate function, and nine showed delayed function. Mean creatinine levels after 1, 3 and 6 months were 295, 200 and 206 mumol/l, respectively. Four patients died for reasons not related to their kidney transplantation. CONCLUSIONS We claim that MP can successfully assess viability of NHB donor kidneys. The reluctance to accept MP, and judged vital, NHB donor kidneys is not longer justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Kievit
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Rizvi SA. Present state of dialysis and transplantation in Pakistan. Am J Kidney Dis 1998; 31:xlv-xlviii. [PMID: 9531170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S A Rizvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Dow Medical College & Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Wang LC, Rizvi SA, Nasrabadi NM. A modular neural network vector predictor for predictive image coding. IEEE Trans Image Process 1998; 7:1198-1217. [PMID: 18276333 DOI: 10.1109/83.704311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a modular neural network vector predictor that improves the predictive component of a predictive vector quantization (PVQ) scheme. The proposed vector prediction technique consists of five dedicated predictors (experts), where each expert predictor is optimized for a particular class of input vectors. An input vector is classified into one of five classes, based on its directional variances. One expert predictor is optimized for stationary blocks, and each of the other four expert predictors are optimized to predict horizontal, vertical, 45 degrees , and 135 degrees diagonally oriented edge-blocks, respectively. An integrating unit is then used to select or combine the outputs of the experts in order to form the final output of the modular network. Therefore, no side information is transmitted to the receiver about the selected predictor or the integration of the predictors. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme gives an improvement of 1.7 dB over a single multilayer perceptron (MLP) predictor. Furthermore, if the information about the predictor selection is sent to the receiver, the improvement could be up to 3 dB over a single MLP predictor. The perceptual quality of the predicted images is also significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Wang
- SONY Semicond. Co. of America, San Jose, CA 95134, USA.
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Hussain M, Ali B, Ahmed S, Zafar N, Naqvi SA, Rizvi SA. Prediction of renal function recovery in obstructive renal failure due to stones. J PAK MED ASSOC 1997; 47:159-61. [PMID: 9301168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Two hundred and thirty-nine patients with renal and ureteric calculi associated with renal failure were evaluated for recovery potential before definitive surgery. Ultrasonography was carried out pre-operatively in all, followed by percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) as an initial management before definitive surgery. Diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA) scan was done in 125 patients after percutaneous nephrostomy, findings of pre- operative DTPA scan were correlated with post-operative drop in serum creatinine. Urine pH, urine Na+, initial diuresis, creatinine clearance and serum creatinine were measured serially after 24 hours and then every week for 6 weeks. Patients were re-evaluated with serum creatinine after 3 months of surgery. Ultrasonography was found to be reliable in predicting future recovery of renal functions in 76.5% cases and true obstruction of shorter duration (F4-group) on DTPA scan in 81.9% cases. Urine pH of 6 or less, post-PCN diuresis and natriuresis were good prognostic indicators. PCN was found to be most reliable method of predicting future recovery of renal function after relief of obstruction with 97.8% accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hussain
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Rizvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
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Abstract
The performance of a classical linear vector predictor is limited by its ability to exploit only the linear correlation between the blocks. However, a nonlinear predictor exploits the higher order correlations among the neighboring blocks, and can predict edge blocks with increased accuracy. We have investigated several neural network architectures that can be used to implement a nonlinear vector predictor, including the multilayer perceptron (MLP), the functional link (FL) network, and the radial basis function (RBF) network. Our experimental results show that a neural network predictor can predict the blocks containing edges with a higher accuracy than a linear predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Rizvi
- Coll. of Staten Island, City Univ. of New York, NY
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Rizvi SA, Anwar Naqvi SA. Renal replacement therapy in pakistan. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 1996; 7:404-408. [PMID: 18417773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S A Rizvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Dow Medical College and Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Abstract
Advances in residual vector quantization (RVQ) are surveyed. Definitions of joint encoder optimality and joint decoder optimality are discussed. Design techniques for RVQs with large numbers of stages and generally different encoder and decoder codebooks are elaborated and extended. Fixed-rate RVQs, and variable-rate RVQs that employ entropy coding are examined. Predictive and finite state RVQs designed and integrated into neural-network based source coding structures are revisited. Successive approximation RVQs that achieve embedded and refinable coding are reviewed. A new type of successive approximation RVQ that varies the instantaneous block rate by using different numbers of stages on different blocks is introduced and applied to image waveforms, and a scalar version of the new residual quantizer is applied to image subbands in an embedded wavelet transform coding system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Barnes
- Georgia Tech. Res. Inst., Georgia Inst. of Technol., Atlanta, GA
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Naqvi
- Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Dow Medical College and Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Rizvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Dow Medical College and Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Rizvi SA, Naqvi A. The need to increase transplantation activity in developing countries. Transplant Proc 1995; 27:2739-40. [PMID: 7482897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S A Rizvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
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Naqvi SA, Rizvi SA. Renal transplantation in Pakistan. Transplant Proc 1995; 27:2778. [PMID: 7482912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S A Naqvi
- Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Dow Medical College and Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Naqvi AA, Khaliq M, Zafar MN, Rizvi SA. Pneumatic lithotripsy: a new modality for treatment of ureteric stones. J PAK MED ASSOC 1995; 45:9-11. [PMID: 7731087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Two hundred and twenty ureteric stones in 214 patients were fragmented intracorporeally by pneumatic lithotripsy under general/regional anaesthesia in a day care set-up. Patients were followed-up weekly and retreatment was done at 4 weeks where necessary. Majority (77%) of patients were in the age group 21-40 years with a male to female ratio of 2:1. Stone location was 86% in the lower third, 11% in the middle and 3% in the upper third ureter. Size of stones was less than 6 mm in 14%, 7-12 mm in 67% and more than 20 mm in 4% cases. All 81% stones of < 12 mm were fragmented in one treatment session while single treatment rate for stones 13-18 mm was 85% and 44% for more than 20 mm size. Overall non-fragmentation rate was 0.9%. Stone free state at four weeks was 95%. Complications were observed in 8.6% cases which included urosepsis, haematuria and perforations. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) in 45 stones showed majority (64%) to be composed of calcium oxalate. Our experience shows that PL is a safe and effective means of performing intracorporeal lithotripsy for both large and hard ureteric stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Naqvi
- Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Dow Medical College and Civil Hospital, Karachi
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Abstract
This paper presents a new vector quantization technique called predictive residual vector quantization (PRVQ). It combines the concepts of predictive vector quantization (PVQ) and residual vector quantization (RVQ) to implement a high performance VQ scheme with low search complexity. The proposed PRVQ consists of a vector predictor, designed by a multilayer perceptron, and an RVQ that is designed by a multilayer competitive neural network. A major task in our proposed PRVQ design is the joint optimization of the vector predictor and the RVQ codebooks. In order to achieve this, a new design based on the neural network learning algorithm is introduced. This technique is basically a nonlinear constrained optimization where each constituent component of the PRVQ scheme is optimized by minimizing an appropriate stage error function with a constraint on the overall error. This technique makes use of a Lagrangian formulation and iteratively solves a Lagrangian error function to obtain a locally optimal solution. This approach is then compared to a jointly designed and a closed-loop design approach. In the jointly designed approach, the predictor and quantizers are jointly optimized by minimizing only the overall error. In the closed-loop design, however, a predictor is first implemented; then the stage quantizers are optimized for this predictor in a stage-by-stage fashion. Simulation results show that the proposed PRVQ scheme outperforms the equivalent RVQ (operating at the same bit rate) and the unconstrained VQ by 2 and 1.7 dB, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed PRVQ outperforms the PVQ in the rate-distortion sense with significantly lower codebook search complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Rizvi
- Dept. of Electr. and Comput. Eng., State Univ. of New York, Buffalo, NY
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Abstract
The finite-state vector quantization scheme called dynamic finite-state vector quantization (DFSVQ) is investigated with regard to its subcodebook construction. In the DFSVQ, each input block is encoded by a small codebook called the subcodebook which is created from a much larger codebook called supercodebook. Each subcodebook is constructed by selecting, using a reordering procedure, a set of appropriate code-vectors from the supercodebook. The performance of the DFSVQ depends on this reordering procedure; therefore, several reordering procedures are introduced and their performance are evaluated. The reordering procedures investigated, are based on the conditional histogram of the code-vectors, index prediction, vector prediction, nearest neighbor design, and the frequency usage of the code-vectors. The performance of the reordering procedures are evaluated by comparing their hit ratios (the number of blocks encoded by the subcodebook) and their computational complexity. Experimental results are presented and it is found that the reordering procedure based on the vector prediction performs the best when compared with the other reordering procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Nasrabadi
- Dept. of Electr. and Comput. Eng., State Univ. of New York, Buffalo, NY
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the treatment of ureteric stones by laser lithotripsy (LL) and pneumatic lithotripsy (PL), and to evaluate the results of the two treatment modalities to assess effectiveness, complications and cost benefits. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between January 1993 and February 1994 200 ureteric stones in 194 patients were fragmented intracorporeally, 48 by LL and 152 by PL. The ages of the patients ranged from 31 to 40 years with a male to female ratio of 2:1. All procedures were performed under general/regional anaesthetic in a day-care set-up. Patients were followed at weekly intervals. Re-treatment was carried out at 4 weeks where necessary. RESULTS The majority of the stones treated (84%) were in the lower third of the ureter, 69% measured 7-12 mm in diameter, and 61% were composed of calcium oxalate. Ninety-three per cent of the stones were fragmented in one treatment session. The overall stone-free status at 4 weeks was 95% for PL and 84% for LL. The non-fragmentation rate was 10% for LL and 1% for PL. Post-treatment complications were encountered in 8% of the patients treated by LL and 7% by PL. CONCLUSIONS Our experience shows that PL and LL both provide a safe and effective means of performing intracorporeal lithotripsy for smaller ureteric stones. However, PL is more effective in fragmenting larger and harder stones. Moreover, PL is more user-friendly and highly cost-effective compared with LL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Naqvi
- Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Dow Medical College and Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Hiran S, Pande TK, Rizvi SA, Vishwanathan KA. Dapsone syndrome. J Assoc Physicians India 1994; 42:497. [PMID: 7852239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Hiran
- JLN Hospital & Research Centre, Bhilai, Madhya, Pradesh
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Abstract
The effects of income (money available to spend during the experimental session) on human choice were examined in a concurrent-schedule arrangement. Subjects were 7 nicotine-dependent smokers, and reinforcers were puffs on the subject's usual brand of cigarette ("own") and puffs on a less preferred brand of cigarette with equal nicotine content ("other"). Across sessions, income varied and the price of the two reinforcers was held constant, with the other puffs one fifth the price of the own puffs. As income increased, consumption of own puffs increased while consumption of the less expensive other puffs decreased. These effects of income on choice were highly consistent across subjects. For some subjects, however, income had little effect on total puff consumption. Finally, an additional condition examined whether price and income manipulations would have functionally equivalent effects on choice by repeating an income condition in which the price of the other brand was increased. Although the increased price of the other puffs decreased their consumption in 4 subjects, 2 subjects showed increased consumption of the other puffs at the higher price. The results, when defined in economic terms, indicate that the own puffs were a normal good (consumption and income are directly related), the other puffs were an inferior good (consumption and income are inversely related), and the direct relationship between consumption of the other puffs and their price is defined as a Giffengood effect. The latter result also suggests that for these 2 subjects, price and income manipulations had equivalent effects on choice. These results extend findings from previous studies that have examined the effects of income on choice responding to human subjects and drug reinforcers, and provide a framework for further experimental tests of the effects of income on human choice behavior. Methodological and theoretical implications for the study of choice and for behavioral pharmacology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J DeGrandpre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington 05401-1419
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Naqvi SA, Hussain M, Askari H, Hashmi A, Hussain Z, Hussain I, Hafiz S, Yazdani I, Rizvi SA. Is there a place for prophylaxis against tuberculosis following renal transplantation? Transplant Proc 1992; 24:1912. [PMID: 1412909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S A Naqvi
- Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
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Hashmi A, Hussain M, Askari H, Hussain Z, Hafiz S, Hussain I, Yazdani I, Naqvi A, Rizvi SA. Multiple respiratory tract infections with particular reference to immunocompromised patients. Transplant Proc 1992; 24:1927-8. [PMID: 1412914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Hashmi
- Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
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Naqvi SA, Hussain M, Askari H, Hashmi A, Hussain Z, Hussain I, Hafiz S, Yazdani I, Rizvi SA. Economics of renal rehabilitation in Pakistan: a case for increasing transplantation activity. Transplant Proc 1992; 24:2125-6. [PMID: 1413008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S A Naqvi
- Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
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Vishwanathan KA, Rizvi SA, Pahuja R, Pandey TK. Subacute sequelae of carbon monoxide poisoning. J Assoc Physicians India 1989; 37:349. [PMID: 2613647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Sarma PS, Das SR, Chawda BK, Rizvi SA, Chaturvedi U, Bhagoliwal SK. Granulocytopenia, jaundice and hepatic coma with disseminated tuberculosis. J Assoc Physicians India 1986; 34:591-3. [PMID: 3793681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
One hundred and fifty children up to the age of 12 years with documented evidence of renal or ureteric stones were studied between July 1973 and June 1983. The peak age group was between 10 and 12 years, the male to female ratio being 1.9:1. Abdominal pain was the commonest presenting symptom (66.6%). Asymptomatic stones or vague symptoms in 23 patients warrant a higher index of suspicion of renal stone disease in children. Thirty patients had associated renal insufficiency. One third of the children had a positive urine culture, Proteus spp. being the commonest organism. Congenital anomalies of the urinary tract were seen in 12% of patients. In the majority (59%), aetiological factors related to stone formation could not be identified. One hundred and thirty patients underwent surgery for removal of stones. Analysis of calculi by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy revealed that stones were predominantly of mixed type, calcium oxalate being the commonest compound. The overall recurrence rate following surgical removal was 15%.
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Naqvi SA, Rizvi SA, Shahjehan S. Analysis of urinary calculi by chemical methods. J PAK MED ASSOC 1984; 34:147-53. [PMID: 6433055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Anwar Naqvi SA, Rizvi SA, Shahjehan S. Role of infection in bladder stone disease in children. J PAK MED ASSOC 1984; 34:132-7. [PMID: 6429384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Naqvi SA, Rizvi SA, Shahjehan S. Bladder stone disease in children: clinical studies. J PAK MED ASSOC 1984; 34:94-101. [PMID: 6429380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Rizvi SA, Naqvi SA. Paediatric nephrolithiasis in Pakistan. J PAK MED ASSOC 1982; 32:177-82. [PMID: 6818383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ram RK, Rizvi SA, Tripathi ON. Transport of ions across an artificial membrane incorporated with some phospholipids. Indian J Biochem Biophys 1982; 19:213-6. [PMID: 6293965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Rizvi SA, Naqvi SA. 250 cases of carcinoma of urinary bladder: a preliminary review. J PAK MED ASSOC 1981; 31:102-5. [PMID: 6788979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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