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Caffrey AJ, Lafontaine S, Dailey J, Varnum S, Lerno LA, Zweigenbaum J, Heymann H, Ebeler SE. Characterization of Humulus lupulus glycosides with porous graphitic carbon and sequential high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography fractionation. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1674:463130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lafontaine S, Caffrey A, Dailey J, Varnum S, Hale A, Eichler B, Dennenlöhr J, Schubert C, Knoke L, Lerno L, Dagan L, Schönberger C, Rettberg N, Heymann H, Ebeler SE. Evaluation of Variety, Maturity, and Farm on the Concentrations of Monoterpene Diglycosides and Hop Volatile/Nonvolatile Composition in Five Humulus lupulus Cultivars. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:4356-4370. [PMID: 33750127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pentose-hexose monoterpene alcohol glycosides were isolated and semiquantitatively measured in dried Humulus lupulus cones using UHPLC-qTOF-MS/MS and HPLC fractionation followed by GC-MS. The samples evaluated included hop cones from five important dual-purpose cultivars (varieties) in the United States, from two locations (farms) per variety and from three distinct harvest time points (maturities) per location, as dictated by dry-matter (% w/w) at the time of harvest. Hop variety accounted for the biggest variation among the concentrations of pentose-hexose monoterpene alcohol glycosides as well as other volatile and nonvolatile chemical factors measured in the samples. This indicates that genetics plays a major role in hop flavor production. Interestingly, "maturity", or ripeness at the time of harvest, was the next most significant factor impacting the concentrations of pentose-hexose monoterpene alcohol glycosides along with most of the other volatile and nonvolatile factors (such as total oil concentration and composition). However, maturity notably had a bigger impact on some cultivars such as Sabro, Mosaic, Simcoe, and Citra. Surprisingly, farm (i.e., location, farming practices, etc.) accounted for the least amount of variation among the concentrations of the different analytical factors. These results highlight the importance of breeding/genetics as well as considering hop maturity/ripeness at the time of harvest on the production and subsequent development of analytical chemical factors associated with driving hoppy beer flavor. It is essential for future studies assessing the impact of different farming practices and locations (i.e., regionality, terroir, etc.) on the constituents in hops important for hoppy beer flavor to consider and account for the impact of hop maturity as well as genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Lafontaine
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, 595 Hilgard Lane, Davis, California, United States 95616
| | - Andrew Caffrey
- Department of Viticulture and Enology and Food Safety and Measurement Facility, University of California Davis, 595 Hilgard Lane, Davis, California, United States 95616
| | - Jeff Dailey
- John I. Haas, Inc., HAAS Innovations Center, 1600 River Road, Yakima, Washington, United States 98902
| | - Scott Varnum
- John I. Haas, Inc., HAAS Innovations Center, 1600 River Road, Yakima, Washington, United States 98902
| | - Ashley Hale
- Yakima Chief Ranches, 11051 Lateral A Road, Toppenish, Washington, United States 98948
| | - Brent Eichler
- Versuchs- und Lehranstalt für Brauerei in Berlin (VLB) e.V., Seestrasse 13, Berlin, Germany 13353
| | - Johanna Dennenlöhr
- Versuchs- und Lehranstalt für Brauerei in Berlin (VLB) e.V., Seestrasse 13, Berlin, Germany 13353
| | - Christian Schubert
- Versuchs- und Lehranstalt für Brauerei in Berlin (VLB) e.V., Seestrasse 13, Berlin, Germany 13353
| | - Laura Knoke
- Versuchs- und Lehranstalt für Brauerei in Berlin (VLB) e.V., Seestrasse 13, Berlin, Germany 13353
| | - Larry Lerno
- Department of Viticulture and Enology and Food Safety and Measurement Facility, University of California Davis, 595 Hilgard Lane, Davis, California, United States 95616
| | - Laurent Dagan
- Nyseos, 53 rue Claude François, Parc 2000, Montpellier, France 34080
| | | | - Nils Rettberg
- Versuchs- und Lehranstalt für Brauerei in Berlin (VLB) e.V., Seestrasse 13, Berlin, Germany 13353
| | - Hildegarde Heymann
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, 595 Hilgard Lane, Davis, California, United States 95616
| | - Susan E Ebeler
- Department of Viticulture and Enology and Food Safety and Measurement Facility, University of California Davis, 595 Hilgard Lane, Davis, California, United States 95616
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Lafontaine S, Varnum S, Roland A, Delpech S, Dagan L, Vollmer D, Kishimoto T, Shellhammer T. Impact of harvest maturity on the aroma characteristics and chemistry of Cascade hops used for dry-hopping. Food Chem 2019; 278:228-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene Probasco
- John I. Haas, Inc., P.O. Box 1441, Yakima, WA 98907, U.S.A
| | - Jason Perrault
- Select Botanicals Group, 11051 Lateral A Road, Toppenish, WA 89949, U.S.A
| | - Scott Varnum
- John I. Haas, Inc., P.O. Box 1441, Yakima, WA 98907, U.S.A
| | - David Hysert
- retired from John I. Haas, Inc., 2281 Walbran Drive, Courtenay, BC V9N 9E4, Canada
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