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Voigtlaender S, Pawelczyk J, Geiger M, Vaios EJ, Karschnia P, Cudkowicz M, Dietrich J, Haraldsen IRJH, Feigin V, Owolabi M, White TL, Świeboda P, Farahany N, Natarajan V, Winter SF. Artificial intelligence in neurology: opportunities, challenges, and policy implications. J Neurol 2024; 271:2258-2273. [PMID: 38367046 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Neurological conditions are the leading cause of disability and mortality combined, demanding innovative, scalable, and sustainable solutions. Brain health has become a global priority with adoption of the World Health Organization's Intersectoral Global Action Plan in 2022. Simultaneously, rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) are revolutionizing neurological research and practice. This scoping review of 66 original articles explores the value of AI in neurology and brain health, systematizing the landscape for emergent clinical opportunities and future trends across the care trajectory: prevention, risk stratification, early detection, diagnosis, management, and rehabilitation. AI's potential to advance personalized precision neurology and global brain health directives hinges on resolving core challenges across four pillars-models, data, feasibility/equity, and regulation/innovation-through concerted pursuit of targeted recommendations. Paramount actions include swift, ethical, equity-focused integration of novel technologies into clinical workflows, mitigating data-related issues, counteracting digital inequity gaps, and establishing robust governance frameworks balancing safety and innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Voigtlaender
- Systems Neuroscience Division, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Virtual Diagnostics Team, QuantCo Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Johannes Pawelczyk
- Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Graduate Center of Medicine and Health, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mario Geiger
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- NVIDIA, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eugene J Vaios
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Philipp Karschnia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University and University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Merit Cudkowicz
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ira R J Hebold Haraldsen
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Valery Feigin
- National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mayowa Owolabi
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Lebanese American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tara L White
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sebastian F Winter
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Vaios EJ, Shenker RF, Hendrickson PG, Wan Z, Niedzwiecki D, Winter SF, Shih HA, Dietrich J, Wang C, Salama AKS, Clarke JM, Allen K, Sperduto P, Mullikin T, Kirkpatrick JP, Floyd SR, Reitman ZJ. Long-Term Intracranial Outcomes With Combination Dual Immune-Checkpoint Blockade and Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Patients With Melanoma and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Brain Metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:1507-1518. [PMID: 38097090 PMCID: PMC11056239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The intracranial benefit of offering dual immune-checkpoint inhibition (D-ICPI) with ipilimumab and nivolumab to patients with melanoma or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases (BMs) is unknown. We hypothesized that D-ICPI improves local control compared with SRS alone. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with melanoma or NSCLC treated with SRS from 2014 to 2022 were evaluated. Patients were stratified by treatment with D-ICPI, single ICPI (S-ICPI), or SRS alone. Local recurrence, intracranial progression (IP), and overall survival were estimated using competing risk and Kaplan-Meier analyses. IP included both local and distant intracranial recurrence. RESULTS Two hundred eighty-eight patients (44% melanoma, 56% NSCLC) with 1,704 BMs were included. Fifty-three percent of patients had symptomatic BMs. The median follow-up was 58.8 months. Twelve-month local control rates with D-ICPI, S-ICPI, and SRS alone were 94.73% (95% CI, 91.11%-96.90%), 91.74% (95% CI, 89.30%-93.64%), and 88.26% (95% CI, 84.07%-91.41%). On Kaplan-Meier analysis, only D-ICPI was significantly associated with reduced local recurrence (P = .0032). On multivariate Cox regression, D-ICPI (hazard ratio [HR], 0.4003; 95% CI, 0.1781-0.8728; P = .0239) and planning target volume (HR, 1.022; 95% CI, 1.004-1.035; P = .0059) correlated with local control. One hundred seventy-three (60%) patients developed IP. The 12-month cumulative incidence of IP was 41.27% (95% CI, 30.27%-51.92%), 51.86% (95% CI, 42.78%-60.19%), and 57.15% (95% CI, 44.98%-67.59%) after D-ICPI, S-ICPI, and SRS alone. On competing risk analysis, only D-ICPI was significantly associated with reduced IP (P = .0408). On multivariate Cox regression, D-ICPI (HR, 0.595; 95% CI, 0.373-0.951; P = .0300) and presentation with >10 BMs (HR, 2.492; 95% CI, 1.668-3.725; P < .0001) remained significantly correlated with IP. The median overall survival after D-ICPI, S-ICPI, and SRS alone was 26.1 (95% CI, 15.5-40.7), 21.5 (16.5-29.6), and 17.5 (11.3-23.8) months. S-ICPI, fractionation, and histology were not associated with clinical outcomes. There was no difference in hospitalizations or neurologic adverse events between cohorts. CONCLUSIONS The addition of D-ICPI for patients with melanoma and NSCLC undergoing SRS is associated with improved local and intracranial control. This appears to be an effective strategy, including for patients with symptomatic or multiple BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J Vaios
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rachel F Shenker
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Peter G Hendrickson
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zihan Wan
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Donna Niedzwiecki
- Duke Cancer Institute Biostatistics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sebastian F Winter
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Helen A Shih
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chunhao Wang
- Departments of Medical Physics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - April K S Salama
- Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jeffrey M Clarke
- Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Karen Allen
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Paul Sperduto
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Trey Mullikin
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - John P Kirkpatrick
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Scott R Floyd
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zachary J Reitman
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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Winter SF, Walsh D, Catsman-Berrevoets C, Feigin V, Destrebecq F, Dickson SL, Leonardi M, Hoemberg V, Tassorelli C, Ferretti MT, Dé A, Chadha AS, Lynch C, Bakhtadze S, Saylor D, Hwang S, Rostasy K, Kluger BM, Wright C, Zee PC, Dodick DW, Jaarsma J, Owolabi MO, Zaletel J, Albreht T, Dhamija RK, Helme A, Laurson-Doube J, Amos A, Baingana FK, Baker GA, Sofia F, Galvin O, Hawrot T. National plans and awareness campaigns as priorities for achieving global brain health. Lancet Glob Health 2024; 12:e697-e706. [PMID: 38485433 PMCID: PMC10951964 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Neurological conditions are the leading cause of death and disability combined. This public health crisis has become a global priority with the introduction of WHO's Intersectoral Global Action Plan on Epilepsy and Other Neurological Disorders 2022-2031 (IGAP). 18 months after this plan was adopted, global neurology stakeholders, including representatives of the OneNeurology Partnership (a consortium uniting global neurology organisations), take stock and advocate for urgent acceleration of IGAP implementation. Drawing on lessons from relevant global health contexts, this Health Policy identifies two priority IGAP targets to expedite national delivery of the entire 10-year plan: namely, to update national policies and plans, and to create awareness campaigns and advocacy programmes for neurological conditions and brain health. To ensure rapid attainment of the identified priority targets, six strategic drivers are proposed: universal community awareness, integrated neurology approaches, intersectoral governance, regionally coordinated IGAP domestication, lived experience-informed policy making, and neurological mainstreaming (advocating to embed brain health into broader policy agendas). Contextualised with globally emerging IGAP-directed efforts and key considerations for intersectoral policy design, this novel framework provides actionable recommendations for policy makers and IGAP implementation partners. Timely, synergistic pursuit of the six drivers might aid WHO member states in cultivating public awareness and policy structures required for successful intersectoral roll-out of IGAP by 2031, paving the way towards brain health for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F Winter
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; International Bureau for Epilepsy, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Donna Walsh
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; International Bureau for Epilepsy, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Coriene Catsman-Berrevoets
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; European Paediatric Neurology Society, Paris, France; Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Valery Feigin
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; World Stroke Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Frédéric Destrebecq
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; European Brain Council, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Suzanne L Dickson
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; European Brain Council, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matilde Leonardi
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; World Federation for Neurorehabilitation, North Shields, UK; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico CarloBesta, Milan, Italy
| | - Volker Hoemberg
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; World Federation for Neurorehabilitation, North Shields, UK
| | - Cristina Tassorelli
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; International Headache Society, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Ferretti
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Women's Brain Project, Bottighofen, Switzerland
| | - Anna Dé
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; Women's Brain Project, Bottighofen, Switzerland
| | | | - Chris Lynch
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; Alzheimer's Disease International, London, UK
| | - Sophia Bakhtadze
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; European Paediatric Neurology Society, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Deanna Saylor
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; World Neurology Foundation, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Soonmyung Hwang
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; World Neurology Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Rostasy
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; European Paediatric Neurology Society, Paris, France; Department of Paediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Benzi M Kluger
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; International Neuropalliative Care Society, Roseville, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Claire Wright
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; Meningitis Research Foundation, Bristol, UK; Confederation of Meningitis Organisations, Bristol, UK
| | - Phyllis C Zee
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; World Sleep Society, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David W Dodick
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; International Headache Society Global Patient Advocacy Coalition, London, UK; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Atria Academy of Science and Medicine, New York, NY, USA; American Migraine Foundation, New York, NY, USA; American Brain Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joke Jaarsma
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; European Federation of Neurological Associations, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mayowa O Owolabi
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; World Federation for Neurorehabilitation, North Shields, UK; Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, and Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; African Stroke Organization, Ibadan, Nigeria; Lebanese American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Jelka Zaletel
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tit Albreht
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rajinder K Dhamija
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; World Federation for Neurorehabilitation, North Shields, UK; International Neuropalliative Care Society, Roseville, MN, USA; Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anne Helme
- Multiple Sclerosis International Federation, London, UK
| | | | - Action Amos
- International Bureau for Epilepsy, Washington, DC, USA; International Bureau for Epilepsy African Region, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Florence K Baingana
- Regional Advisor, Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization African Region, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Gus A Baker
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; International Bureau for Epilepsy, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Francesca Sofia
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; International Bureau for Epilepsy, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Orla Galvin
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; European Federation of Neurological Associations, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tadeusz Hawrot
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; European Federation of Neurological Associations, Brussels, Belgium
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Safeer V S M, Sahu JK, Madaan P, Winter SF, Baker GA, Bansal D. Estimating the active and lifetime prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in Asian Countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 154:109739. [PMID: 38518674 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the current era of the World Health Organization's Intersectoral Global Action Plan on Epilepsy and Other Neurological Disorders 2022-2031 (IGAP), precise and updated estimates of epilepsy burden are vital in formulating policies to improve the care of persons with epilepsy, especially in Asian countries with significant treatment gap. Hence, we aimed to consolidate the available data and quantify epilepsy prevalence and incidence estimates in Asian countries. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Ovid, and Scopus databases from inception until March 2023 for studies reporting epilepsy prevalence and incidence in Asian countries. We applied random effects meta-analysis to generate the pooled prevalence and incidence using the Meta package in R. Additionally, we performed a subgroup meta-analysis to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. A meta-regression analysis was conducted to examine the trend of epilepsy over time. RESULTS A total of 99 studies with 100,654,124 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence was 5.6 per 1000 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 4.4-6.8) for active epilepsy and 6.7 per 1000 (95 % CI 5.7-7.9) for lifetime epilepsy. The pooled incidence rate of epilepsy was 52.5 per 100,000 person-years (95 % CI 42.7-79.4). The subgroup analysis revealed a higher prevalence of active epilepsy (6.7/1000) and lifetime epilepsy (8.6/1000) in West Asia than in other regions. The funnel plot and Egger's test (p-value =<0.0001) revealed publication bias for active epilepsy. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight a high prevalence of active and lifetime epilepsy in West Asia and emphasize the necessity of implementing and formulating specific strategies to tackle the epilepsy burden in this region. Furthermore, high-quality epidemiological studies incorporating economic burdens and comorbidities associated with epilepsy in Asia are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Safeer V S
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Sahu
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Priyanka Madaan
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India; Department of Pediatric Neurology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Faridabad, India
| | - Sebastian F Winter
- Head of Policy and Research, International Bureau for Epilepsy, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Gus A Baker
- Secretary General, International Bureau for Epilepsy, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Dipika Bansal
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India.
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Kossmann MRP, Ehret F, Roohani S, Winter SF, Ghadjar P, Acker G, Senger C, Schmid S, Zips D, Kaul D. Histopathologically confirmed radiation-induced damage of the brain - an in-depth analysis of radiation parameters and spatio-temporal occurrence. Radiat Oncol 2023; 18:198. [PMID: 38087368 PMCID: PMC10717523 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-023-02385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced damage (RID) after radiotherapy (RT) of primary brain tumors and metastases can be challenging to clinico-radiographically distinguish from tumor progression. RID includes pseudoprogression and radiation necrosis; the latter being irreversible and often associated with severe symptoms. While histopathology constitutes the diagnostic gold standard, biopsy-controlled clinical studies investigating RID remain limited. Whether certain brain areas are potentially more vulnerable to RID remains an area of active investigation. Here, we analyze histopathologically confirmed cases of RID in relation to the temporal and spatial dose distribution. METHODS Histopathologically confirmed cases of RID after photon-based RT for primary or secondary central nervous system malignancies were included. Demographic, clinical, and dosimetric data were collected from patient records and treatment planning systems. We calculated the equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions (EQD22) and the biologically effective dose (BED2) for normal brain tissue (α/β ratio of 2 Gy) and analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution using frequency maps. RESULTS Thirty-three patients were identified. High-grade glioma patients (n = 18) mostly received one normofractionated RT series (median cumulative EQD22 60 Gy) to a large planning target volume (PTV) (median 203.9 ccm) before diagnosis of RID. Despite the low EQD22 and BED2, three patients with an accelerated hyperfractionated RT developed RID. In contrast, brain metastases patients (n = 15; 16 RID lesions) were often treated with two or more RT courses and with radiosurgery or fractionated stereotactic RT, resulting in a higher cumulative EQD22 (median 162.4 Gy), to a small PTV (median 6.7 ccm). All (n = 34) RID lesions occurred within the PTV of at least one of the preceding RT courses. RID in the high-grade glioma group showed a frontotemporal distribution pattern, whereas, in metastatic patients, RID was observed throughout the brain with highest density in the parietal lobe. The cumulative EQD22 was significantly lower in RID lesions that involved the subventricular zone (SVZ) than in lesions without SVZ involvement (median 60 Gy vs. 141 Gy, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Accelerated hyperfractionated RT can lead to RID despite computationally low EQD22 and BED2 in high-grade glioma patients. The anatomical location of RID corresponded to the general tumor distribution of gliomas and metastases. The SVZ might be a particularly vulnerable area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario R P Kossmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiation Oncology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Pius-Hospital Oldenburg, Georgstr. 12, 26121, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Felix Ehret
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiation Oncology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Siyer Roohani
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiation Oncology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian F Winter
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Pirus Ghadjar
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiation Oncology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Güliz Acker
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiation Oncology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neurosurgery, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Senger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiation Oncology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Schmid
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neuropathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Zips
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiation Oncology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Kaul
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiation Oncology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Karschnia P, Arrillaga-Romany IC, Eichler A, Forst DA, Gerstner E, Jordan JT, Ly I, Plotkin SR, Wang N, Martinez-Lage M, Winter SF, Tonn JC, Rejeski K, von Baumgarten L, Cahill DP, Nahed BV, Shankar GM, Abramson JS, Barnes JA, El-Jawahri A, Hochberg EP, Johnson PC, Soumerai JD, Takvorian RW, Chen YB, Frigault MJ, Dietrich J. Neurotoxicity and management of primary and secondary central nervous system lymphoma after adoptive immunotherapy with CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cells. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:2239-2249. [PMID: 37402650 PMCID: PMC10708936 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells targeting CD19 have been established as a leading engineered T-cell therapy for B-cell lymphomas; however, data for patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement are limited. METHODS We retrospectively report on CNS-specific toxicities, management, and CNS response of 45 consecutive CAR T-cell transfusions for patients with active CNS lymphoma at the Massachusetts General Hospital over a 5-year period. RESULTS Our cohort includes 17 patients with primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL; 1 patient with 2 CAR T-cell transfusions) and 27 patients with secondary CNS lymphoma (SCNSL). Mild ICANS (grade 1-2) was observed after 19/45 transfusions (42.2%) and severe immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) (grade 3-4) after 7/45 transfusions (15.6%). A larger increase in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and higher rates of ICANS were detected in SCNSL. Early fever and baseline C-reactive protein levels were associated with ICANS occurrence. CNS response was seen in 31 cases (68.9%), including a complete response of CNS disease in 18 cases (40.0%) which lasted for a median of 11.4 ± 4.5 months. Dexamethasone dose at time of lymphodepletion (but not at or after CAR T-cell transfusion) was associated with an increased risk for CNS progression (hazard ratios [HR] per mg/d: 1.16, P = .031). If bridging therapy was warranted, the use of ibrutinib translated into favorable CNS-progression-free survival (5 vs. 1 month, HR 0.28, CI 0.1-0.7; P = .010). CONCLUSIONS CAR T-cells exhibit promising antitumor effects and a favorable safety profile in CNS lymphoma. Further evaluation of the role of bridging regimens and corticosteroids is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Karschnia
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section for Neuro-Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel C Arrillaga-Romany
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - April Eichler
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deborah A Forst
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gerstner
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin T Jordan
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ina Ly
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott R Plotkin
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy Wang
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Martinez-Lage
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sebastian F Winter
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joerg-Christian Tonn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section for Neuro-Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Rejeski
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, Section for Cellular Immunotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Louisa von Baumgarten
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section for Neuro-Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian V Nahed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ganesh M Shankar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeremy S Abramson
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, and Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Barnes
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, and Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Areej El-Jawahri
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, and Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ephraim P Hochberg
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, and Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - P Connor Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, and Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob D Soumerai
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, and Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ronald W Takvorian
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, and Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yi-Bin Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew J Frigault
- Department of Medicine, Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Winter SF, Vaios EJ, Shih HA, Grassberger C, Parsons MW, Gardner MM, Ehret F, Kaul D, Boehmerle W, Endres M, Dietrich J. Mitigating Radiotoxicity in the Central Nervous System: Role of Proton Therapy. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:1524-1549. [PMID: 37728819 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Central nervous system (CNS) radiotoxicity remains a challenge in neuro-oncology. Dose distribution advantages of protons over photons have prompted increased use of brain-directed proton therapy. While well-recognized among pediatric populations, the benefit of proton therapy among adults with CNS malignancies remains controversial. We herein discuss the role of protons in mitigating late CNS radiotoxicities in adult patients. Despite limited clinical trials, evidence suggests toxicity profile advantages of protons over conventional radiotherapy, including retention of neurocognitive function and brain volume. Modelling studies predict superior dose conformality of protons versus state-of-the-art photon techniques reduces late radiogenic vasculopathies, endocrinopathies, and malignancies. Conversely, potentially higher brain tissue necrosis rates following proton therapy highlight a need to resolve uncertainties surrounding the impact of variable biological effectiveness of protons on dose distribution. Clinical trials comparing best photon and particle-based therapy are underway to establish whether protons substantially improve long-term treatment-related outcomes in adults with CNS malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F Winter
- Department of Neurology and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Junior Clinician Scientist Program, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Eugene J Vaios
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Helen A Shih
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemens Grassberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael W Parsons
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychology Assessment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa M Gardner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychology Assessment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Felix Ehret
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Junior Clinician Scientist Program, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Kaul
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Boehmerle
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- ExcellenceCluster NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- Department of Neurology and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Karschnia P, Kurz SC, Brastianos PK, Winter SF, Gordon A, Jones S, Pisapia M, Nayyar N, Tonn JC, Batchelor TT, Plotkin SR, Dietrich J. Association of MTHFR Polymorphisms With Leukoencephalopathy Risk in Patients With Primary CNS Lymphoma Treated With Methotrexate-Based Regimens. Neurology 2023; 101:e1741-e1746. [PMID: 37527941 PMCID: PMC10624483 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The folate antagonist high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) is integral to induction chemotherapy for primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL); however, it can be associated with leukoencephalopathy. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is involved in intracellular folate depletion. We assessed whether MTHFR polymorphisms affect the risk of leukoencephalopathy. METHODS We retrospectively searched our database at the Massachusetts General Hospital for newly diagnosed PCNSL treated with HD-MTX (without radiotherapy nor intrathecal chemotherapy). RESULTS Among 68 patients with PCNSL, MTHFR polymorphisms were found in 60 individuals (88.2%) including a 677C→T genotype, a 1298A→C genotype, or a combined 677C→T/1298A→C genotype. Neither MTX clearance nor response to induction therapy was affected by specific genotypes, and complete response was achieved in 72.1% of patients by HD-MTX-based induction. However, the 1298A→C genotype was associated with increased frequency and severity of leukoencephalopathy over time (odds ratio 4.0, CI 1.5-11.4). Such genotype predicted treatment-induced leukoencephalopathy with a sensitivity of 71.0% and a specificity of 62.2% (area under the curve 0.67, CI 0.5-0.8; p = 0.019). While progression-free survival did not differ in genotype-based subgroups, overall survival was lower for the 1298A→C genotype. DISCUSSION The MTHFR 1298A→C genotype may serve to identify patients with PCNSL at elevated risk of HD-MTX-induced leukoencephalopathy. This seems to translate into reduced survival, potentially due to decreased functional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Karschnia
- From the Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K., P.K.B., S.F.W., A.G., S.J., M.P., N.N., S.R.P., J.D.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K., J.-C.T.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) (P.K.), Partner Site Munich; Section for Neuro-Oncology (S.C.K.), Department of Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Germany; and Department of Neurology (T.T.B.), Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Sylvia C Kurz
- From the Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K., P.K.B., S.F.W., A.G., S.J., M.P., N.N., S.R.P., J.D.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K., J.-C.T.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) (P.K.), Partner Site Munich; Section for Neuro-Oncology (S.C.K.), Department of Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Germany; and Department of Neurology (T.T.B.), Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Priscilla K Brastianos
- From the Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K., P.K.B., S.F.W., A.G., S.J., M.P., N.N., S.R.P., J.D.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K., J.-C.T.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) (P.K.), Partner Site Munich; Section for Neuro-Oncology (S.C.K.), Department of Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Germany; and Department of Neurology (T.T.B.), Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sebastian F Winter
- From the Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K., P.K.B., S.F.W., A.G., S.J., M.P., N.N., S.R.P., J.D.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K., J.-C.T.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) (P.K.), Partner Site Munich; Section for Neuro-Oncology (S.C.K.), Department of Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Germany; and Department of Neurology (T.T.B.), Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Amanda Gordon
- From the Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K., P.K.B., S.F.W., A.G., S.J., M.P., N.N., S.R.P., J.D.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K., J.-C.T.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) (P.K.), Partner Site Munich; Section for Neuro-Oncology (S.C.K.), Department of Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Germany; and Department of Neurology (T.T.B.), Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - SooAe Jones
- From the Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K., P.K.B., S.F.W., A.G., S.J., M.P., N.N., S.R.P., J.D.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K., J.-C.T.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) (P.K.), Partner Site Munich; Section for Neuro-Oncology (S.C.K.), Department of Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Germany; and Department of Neurology (T.T.B.), Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michelle Pisapia
- From the Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K., P.K.B., S.F.W., A.G., S.J., M.P., N.N., S.R.P., J.D.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K., J.-C.T.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) (P.K.), Partner Site Munich; Section for Neuro-Oncology (S.C.K.), Department of Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Germany; and Department of Neurology (T.T.B.), Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Naema Nayyar
- From the Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K., P.K.B., S.F.W., A.G., S.J., M.P., N.N., S.R.P., J.D.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K., J.-C.T.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) (P.K.), Partner Site Munich; Section for Neuro-Oncology (S.C.K.), Department of Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Germany; and Department of Neurology (T.T.B.), Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joerg-Christian Tonn
- From the Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K., P.K.B., S.F.W., A.G., S.J., M.P., N.N., S.R.P., J.D.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K., J.-C.T.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) (P.K.), Partner Site Munich; Section for Neuro-Oncology (S.C.K.), Department of Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Germany; and Department of Neurology (T.T.B.), Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tracy T Batchelor
- From the Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K., P.K.B., S.F.W., A.G., S.J., M.P., N.N., S.R.P., J.D.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K., J.-C.T.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) (P.K.), Partner Site Munich; Section for Neuro-Oncology (S.C.K.), Department of Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Germany; and Department of Neurology (T.T.B.), Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Scott R Plotkin
- From the Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K., P.K.B., S.F.W., A.G., S.J., M.P., N.N., S.R.P., J.D.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K., J.-C.T.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) (P.K.), Partner Site Munich; Section for Neuro-Oncology (S.C.K.), Department of Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Germany; and Department of Neurology (T.T.B.), Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- From the Division of Neuro-Oncology (P.K., P.K.B., S.F.W., A.G., S.J., M.P., N.N., S.R.P., J.D.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (P.K., J.-C.T.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) (P.K.), Partner Site Munich; Section for Neuro-Oncology (S.C.K.), Department of Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Germany; and Department of Neurology (T.T.B.), Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Vaios EJ, Shenker RF, Hendrickson P, Wan Z, Niedzwiecki D, Winter SF, Dietrich J, Salama AKS, Clarke J, Allen KJ, Mullikin TC, Floyd SR, Kirkpatrick JP, Reitman ZJ. Intracranial Control with Combined Dual Immune-Checkpoint Blockade and SRS for Melanoma and NSCLC Brain Metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S171-S172. [PMID: 37784428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) It is unknown whether the use of dual immune-checkpoint inhibition (D-ICI) combined with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) affects local control of brain metastases (BMs). We sought to characterize the efficacy of SRS and D-ICI in patients with BMs in a large, single-institution cohort. MATERIALS/METHODS Patients with melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) BMs treated with SRS from January 1, 2016 to August 1, 2022 were evaluated. Patients were stratified by treatment with D-ICI versus single ICI (S-ICI). Concurrent ICI was defined as ICI given within four weeks of SRS. Local recurrence (LR), intracranial progression (IP), and overall survival (OS) were estimated using competing risk and Kaplan-Meier analyses. IP included both local and distant intracranial recurrence. RESULTS One thousand seven hundred four SRS-treated BMs from 288 patients met inclusion criteria. 55% of patients were symptomatic from their BMs at presentation. Median age, KPS, number of lesions, and SRS courses were 64 (Q1Q3:56-70.5), 90 (80-90), 2 (1-4), and 1 (1-2), respectively. One hundred twenty-eight (44%) melanoma and 160 (56%) NSCLC patients were included. 82 (28.5%), 129 (44.8%), and 77 (26.7%) patients were treated with D-ICI, S-ICI, or SRS alone. Median SRS dose, fractions, and PTV were 20 (Q1Q3:20-25), 1 (1-5), and 0.3cc3 (0.1-1.2). The median follow-up was 14.3 months. One hundred twenty-seven (7.45%) BMs recurred post-SRS and the median time to LR was 4.8 months (Q1Q3:3.0-9.2). On competing risk analysis, LR was significantly reduced with D-ICI (HR: 0.452, p = 0.0024), but not with S-ICI (HR: 0.693, p = 0.0596) compared to SRS alone. The 1-year LR was 3.77% (95% CI = 2.19-6.00), 6.8% (5.19-8.70), and 8.96% (6.48-11.93) with D-ICI, S-ICI, and SRS alone. The median time to IP was 4.1 months (Q1Q3 = 2.9-9.5). On competing risk analysis, IP was significantly reduced with D-ICI (HR = 0.638, p = 0.031), but not with S-ICI (HR = 0.756, p = 0.106) compared to SRS alone. 1-year IP was 40.05% (95% CI = 29.14-50.70), 51.86% (42.78-60.19), and 58.49% (46.30-68.84) with D-ICI, S-ICI, and SRS alone. Concurrent delivery of D-ICI and SRS significantly reduced IP (HR = 0.463, p = 0.0071), whereas other combinations of timing and ICI did not reach significance. Median OS was 11.9 months after SRS. On Kaplan Meier analysis, OS was significantly improved with D-ICI (HR = 0.616, 95% CI = 0.412-0.923, p = 0.019), but not with S-ICI (HR = 0.877, 95% CI = 0.633-1.217, p = 0.433) compared to SRS alone. Hospitalizations (p = 0.021) and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) (p<0.001) were increased with D-ICI. Any grade radiation necrosis (RN) was also increased with D-ICI (p = 0.013), but neurologic adverse events were comparable across cohorts (p = 0.572). CONCLUSION D-ICI combined with SRS was associated with improved local control, intracranial control, and overall survival compared to SRS alone, whereas S-ICI was not associated with an improvement in these outcomes. However, D-ICI was also associated with increased risks of irAEs and RN.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Vaios
- Duke University, Durham, NC; Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - R F Shenker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - P Hendrickson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Z Wan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - D Niedzwiecki
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - S F Winter
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - J Dietrich
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - J Clarke
- Duke University, Department of Medical Oncology, Durham, NC
| | - K J Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - T C Mullikin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Rochester, MN
| | - S R Floyd
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - J P Kirkpatrick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Z J Reitman
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Boston, MA
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10
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Winter SF, Walsh D, Grisold W, Jordan JT, Singhi P, Cross JH, Guekht A, Hawrot T, Destrebecq F, Feigin VL, Kariuki SM, Owolabi MO, Singh G, Dietrich J, Craven A, Amos A, Mehndiratta MM, Secco M, Baker GA, Sofia F. Uniting for global brain health: Where advocacy meets awareness. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 145:109295. [PMID: 37348407 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F Winter
- International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE), Washington, DC, USA; OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Donna Walsh
- International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE), Washington, DC, USA; OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Justin T Jordan
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Pratibha Singhi
- International Child Neurology Association (ICNA), Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Helen Cross
- International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), Flower Mound, TX, USA
| | - Alla Guekht
- International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), Flower Mound, TX, USA
| | - Tadeusz Hawrot
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; European Federation of Neurological Associations (EFNA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Destrebecq
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; European Brain Council (EBC), Brussels, Belgium; European Brain Foundation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valery L Feigin
- OneNeurology Partnership, Brussels, Belgium; National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, NZ
| | - Symon M Kariuki
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi 80108, Kenya; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mayowa O Owolabi
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Neurology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana 141001, Punjab, India; Department of Clinical & Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Audrey Craven
- European Brain Foundation, Brussels, Belgium; Migraine Association of Ireland (MAI), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Action Amos
- International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE) - African Region
| | - Man Mohan Mehndiratta
- Department of Neurology, BLK Hospital, Rajendra Place, India; International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE) - South East Asian Region
| | - Mary Secco
- International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gus A Baker
- International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Francesca Sofia
- International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE), Washington, DC, USA
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11
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Vaios EJ, Winter SF, Shih HA, Dietrich J, Peters KB, Floyd SR, Kirkpatrick JP, Reitman ZJ. Novel Mechanisms and Future Opportunities for the Management of Radiation Necrosis in Patients Treated for Brain Metastases in the Era of Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2432. [PMID: 37173897 PMCID: PMC10177360 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation necrosis, also known as treatment-induced necrosis, has emerged as an important adverse effect following stereotactic radiotherapy (SRS) for brain metastases. The improved survival of patients with brain metastases and increased use of combined systemic therapy and SRS have contributed to a growing incidence of necrosis. The cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway (cGAS-STING) represents a key biological mechanism linking radiation-induced DNA damage to pro-inflammatory effects and innate immunity. By recognizing cytosolic double-stranded DNA, cGAS induces a signaling cascade that results in the upregulation of type 1 interferons and dendritic cell activation. This pathway could play a key role in the pathogenesis of necrosis and provides attractive targets for therapeutic development. Immunotherapy and other novel systemic agents may potentiate activation of cGAS-STING signaling following radiotherapy and increase necrosis risk. Advancements in dosimetric strategies, novel imaging modalities, artificial intelligence, and circulating biomarkers could improve the management of necrosis. This review provides new insights into the pathophysiology of necrosis and synthesizes our current understanding regarding the diagnosis, risk factors, and management options of necrosis while highlighting novel avenues for discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J. Vaios
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sebastian F. Winter
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Helen A. Shih
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Katherine B. Peters
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Scott R. Floyd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - John P. Kirkpatrick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zachary J. Reitman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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12
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Winter SF, Gardner M, Parsons MW, Grassberger C, Bussière M, Kaul D, Boehmerle W, Endres M, Shih HA, Dietrich J. P03.05.A Radiation-induced leukoencephalopathy (RIL) in glioma: unique injury dynamics following proton vs photon beam radiotherapy. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac174.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
White matter injury after brain-directed radiotherapy (RT), aka radiation-induced leukoencephalopathy (RIL), is common in brain tumor patients. Differentiation from progressive disease can be challenging. Dosimetric advantages of protons (PRT) over photons (XRT) minimize radiation to healthy brain tissue, potentially limiting radiotoxic sequelae including RIL. We characterized RIL during periods of progression-free survival (PFS) in glioma patients irradiated with either PRT or XRT, hypothesizing that PRT would result in reduced RIL outside of the target field.
Material and Methods
34 patients (19 male; mean age = 40.10y) with grade 2/3 gliomas and a history of partial cranial RT were stratified by RT modality [XRT (n=17) vs PRT (n=17)] and matched on 11 criteria [age, sex, tumor type/location/laterality, mutational status (IDH; 1p19q deletion), concurrent/adjuvant chemotherapy, radiation dose/fractions] for retrospective analysis. RIL development was characterized longitudinally for up to 3 years post-RT via analysis of serial MRI T2/FLAIR sequences. A novel RIL scoring system with embedded Fazekas scale was designed to quantify injury severity at both global (whole brain) and hemispheric levels.
Results
Matched groups did not differ significantly on any demographic or clinical characteristics. Median PFS post-RT was 4.7 (XRT) and 5.1 (PRT) years. The novel RIL scoring system was reliable (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.9). There was a significant increase in global RIL in both XRT [F(3, 57)=8.63, p< .001] and PRT [F(3, 61)=4.69, p< .005] groups over time, relative to baseline (1-month post-RT). A majority [62% (XRT) and 72% (PRT)] developed moderate or severe RIL within 3 years, with the ipsilesional hemisphere more severely affected. Analysis of RIL injury dynamics (i.e., average % change between 1 and 3 years post-RT) at hemispheric level identified radiation modality-specific differences: XRT resulted in greater contralesional hemispheric injury than PRT [F(1, 31)=4.32, p<.05]. This effect was not observed in ipsilesional hemispheres.
Conclusion
RIL is common in glioma patients and quantifiable by characteristic imaging features, including early onset post-RT, greater ipsilesional injury burden, and progression over time. RIL injury dynamics appear to be radiation modality-specific, whereby XRT causes greater delayed injury in the remote, contralesional hemisphere. These findings may reflect dosimetric differences between protons and photons. The impact of such sequelae on cognitive function is subject of current investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Winter
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , United States
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health , Berlin , Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Junior Clinician Scientist Program , Berlin , Germany
| | - M Gardner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychology Assessment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , United States
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , United States
| | - M W Parsons
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychology Assessment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , United States
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , United States
| | - C Grassberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , United States
| | - M Bussière
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , United States
| | - D Kaul
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health , Berlin , Germany
| | - W Boehmerle
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health , Berlin , Germany
| | - M Endres
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health , Berlin , Germany
| | - H A Shih
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , United States
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , United States
| | - J Dietrich
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , United States
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13
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Winter SF, Jo J, Schiff D, Dietrich J. Central Nervous System Complications Among Oncology Patients. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2021; 36:217-236. [PMID: 34607715 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatment related injury to the central nervous system (CNS) is well-recognized in the setting of brain-directed radiation therapies and conventional and novel systemic anticancer therapies. Late-delayed treatment-induced CNS complications frequently result in permanent neurologic disability. Therapeutic options are supportive with limited clinical benefit, whereby alteration or discontinuation of the overall antineoplastic treatment plan is frequently necessary to prevent further neurologic injury. Better identification of patients at high risk for developing late CNS toxicities, neuroprotective strategies with modification of existing antineoplastic treatment regimens, and research efforts directed at earlier recognition and improved treatment of central neurologic complications are paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F Winter
- Department of Neurology and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jasmin Jo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, NC 27858-4353, USA
| | - David Schiff
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, 1240 Lee Street, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- Department of Neurology and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey 9E, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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14
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Winter SF, Klein JP, Vaios EJ, Karschnia P, Lee EQ, Shih HA, Loebel F, Dietrich J. Clinical Presentation and Management of SMART Syndrome. Neurology 2021; 97:118-120. [PMID: 33947781 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F Winter
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (S.F.W., E.J.V., P.K., J.D.) and Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (E.Q.L.), Harvard Medical School; Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology (S.F.W., E.J.V., P.K., J.D.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (H.A.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (S.F.W., F.L.), Charité Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (J.P.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Radiation Oncology (E.J.V.), Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; and Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Joshua P Klein
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (S.F.W., E.J.V., P.K., J.D.) and Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (E.Q.L.), Harvard Medical School; Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology (S.F.W., E.J.V., P.K., J.D.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (H.A.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (S.F.W., F.L.), Charité Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (J.P.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Radiation Oncology (E.J.V.), Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; and Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Eugene J Vaios
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (S.F.W., E.J.V., P.K., J.D.) and Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (E.Q.L.), Harvard Medical School; Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology (S.F.W., E.J.V., P.K., J.D.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (H.A.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (S.F.W., F.L.), Charité Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (J.P.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Radiation Oncology (E.J.V.), Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; and Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Karschnia
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (S.F.W., E.J.V., P.K., J.D.) and Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (E.Q.L.), Harvard Medical School; Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology (S.F.W., E.J.V., P.K., J.D.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (H.A.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (S.F.W., F.L.), Charité Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (J.P.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Radiation Oncology (E.J.V.), Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; and Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Eudocia Q Lee
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (S.F.W., E.J.V., P.K., J.D.) and Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (E.Q.L.), Harvard Medical School; Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology (S.F.W., E.J.V., P.K., J.D.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (H.A.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (S.F.W., F.L.), Charité Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (J.P.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Radiation Oncology (E.J.V.), Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; and Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Helen A Shih
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (S.F.W., E.J.V., P.K., J.D.) and Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (E.Q.L.), Harvard Medical School; Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology (S.F.W., E.J.V., P.K., J.D.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (H.A.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (S.F.W., F.L.), Charité Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (J.P.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Radiation Oncology (E.J.V.), Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; and Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Loebel
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (S.F.W., E.J.V., P.K., J.D.) and Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (E.Q.L.), Harvard Medical School; Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology (S.F.W., E.J.V., P.K., J.D.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (H.A.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (S.F.W., F.L.), Charité Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (J.P.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Radiation Oncology (E.J.V.), Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; and Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (S.F.W., E.J.V., P.K., J.D.) and Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (E.Q.L.), Harvard Medical School; Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology (S.F.W., E.J.V., P.K., J.D.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (H.A.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurosurgery (S.F.W., F.L.), Charité Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (J.P.K.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Radiation Oncology (E.J.V.), Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; and Department of Neurosurgery (P.K.), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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15
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Winter SF, Forst DA, Oakley DH, Batchelor TT, Dietrich J. Intracranial Foreign Body Granuloma Mimicking Brain Tumor Recurrence: A Case Series. Oncologist 2021; 26:e893-e897. [PMID: 33780077 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial foreign body granuloma (FBG) is a rare inflammatory reaction to retained foreign material, manifesting acutely or months to years following neurosurgical procedures. Radiographically, FBG can mimic tumor progression, and tissue biopsy may be required to guide management. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective case series, we present unique clinico-radiographic and histopathological features of six neuro-oncological patients diagnosed with FBG between 2007 and 2019. RESULTS All six patients (4 women and 2 men, aged 29-54 [median, 30.5] years) had undergone surgical resection of a low- (n = 4) or high-grade (n = 2) glioma. FBG manifestation postsurgery ranged from 1 day to 4 years and was predominantly asymptomatic (n = 5/6). Magnetic resonance imaging universally demonstrated one or multiple peripherally enhancing lesion(s) adjacent to the resection cavity. Histopathology in all (n = 4/4) resected specimens demonstrated an inflammatory reaction to foreign material, confirming FBG. CONCLUSION Intracranial FBG constitutes a rare but challenging treatment-related condition effectively managed by surgery, with important therapeutic implications in neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F Winter
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Deborah A Forst
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Derek H Oakley
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tracy T Batchelor
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Winter SF, Martinez-Lage M, Clement NF, Hochberg EP, Dietrich J. Fatal neurotoxicity after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: An unexpected case of fludarabine-associated progressive leukoencephalopathy. Eur J Cancer 2020; 144:178-181. [PMID: 33360262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F Winter
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Martinez-Lage
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathan F Clement
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ephraim P Hochberg
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Winter SF, Loebel F, Loeffler J, Batchelor TT, Martinez-Lage M, Vajkoczy P, Dietrich J. Treatment-induced brain tissue necrosis: a clinical challenge in neuro-oncology. Neuro Oncol 2020; 21:1118-1130. [PMID: 30828724 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy-induced adverse effects on the brain are a major challenge in neuro-oncology. Brain tissue necrosis (treatment necrosis [TN]) as a consequence of brain directed cancer therapy remains an insufficiently characterized condition with diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties and is frequently associated with significant patient morbidity. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms, improvement of diagnostic tools, development of preventive strategies, and implementation of evidence-based therapeutic practices are pivotal to improve patient management. In this comprehensive review, we address existing challenges associated with current TN-related clinical and research practices and highlight unanswered questions and areas in need of further research with the ultimate goal to improve management of patients affected by this important neuro-oncological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F Winter
- MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Charité‒Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Loebel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité‒Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jay Loeffler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tracy T Batchelor
- MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Martinez-Lage
- C S Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité‒Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Winter SF, Vaios EJ, Muzikansky A, Martinez‐Lage M, Bussière MR, Shih HA, Loeffler J, Karschnia P, Loebel F, Vajkoczy P, Dietrich J. Defining Treatment-Related Adverse Effects in Patients with Glioma: Distinctive Features of Pseudoprogression and Treatment-Induced Necrosis. Oncologist 2020; 25:e1221-e1232. [PMID: 32488924 PMCID: PMC7418360 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudoprogression (PP) and treatment‐induced brain tissue necrosis (TN) are challenging cancer treatment–related effects. Both phenomena remain insufficiently defined; differentiation from recurrent disease frequently necessitates tissue biopsy. We here characterize distinctive features of PP and TN to facilitate noninvasive diagnosis and clinical management. Materials and Methods Patients with glioma and confirmed PP (defined as appearance <5 months after radiotherapy [RT] completion) or TN (>5 months after RT) were retrospectively compared using clinical, radiographic, and histopathological data. Each imaging event/lesion (region of interest [ROI]) diagnosed as PP or TN was longitudinally evaluated by serial imaging. Results We identified 64 cases of mostly (80%) biopsy‐confirmed PP (n = 27) and TN (n = 37), comprising 137 ROIs in total. Median time of onset for PP and TN was 1 and 11 months after RT, respectively. Clinically, PP occurred more frequently during active antineoplastic treatment, necessitated more steroid‐based interventions, and was associated with glioblastoma (81 vs. 40%), fewer IDH1 mutations, and shorter median overall survival. Radiographically, TN lesions often initially manifested periventricularly (n = 22/37; 60%), were more numerous (median, 2 vs. 1 ROIs), and contained fewer malignant elements upon biopsy. By contrast, PP predominantly developed around the tumor resection cavity as a non‐nodular, ring‐like enhancing structure. Both PP and TN lesions almost exclusively developed in the main prior radiation field. Presence of either condition appeared to be associated with above‐average overall survival. Conclusion PP and TN occur in clinically distinct patient populations and exhibit differences in spatial radiographic pattern. Increased familiarity with both conditions and their unique features will improve patient management and may avoid unnecessary surgical procedures. Implications for Practice Pseudoprogression (PP) and treatment‐induced brain tissue necrosis (TN) are challenging treatment‐related effects mimicking tumor progression in patients with brain cancer. Affected patients frequently require surgery to guide management. PP and TN remain arbitrarily defined and insufficiently characterized. Lack of clear diagnostic criteria compromises treatment and may adversely affect outcome interpretation in clinical trials. The present findings in a cohort of patients with glioma with PP/TN suggest that both phenomena exhibit unique clinical and imaging characteristics, manifest in different patient populations, and should be classified as distinct clinical conditions. Increased familiarity with PP and TN key features may guide clinicians toward timely noninvasive diagnosis, circumvent potentially unnecessary surgical procedures, and improve response assessment in neuro‐oncology. Cancer treatment–related adverse effects on the brain are a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in neuro‐oncology. This article describes the key clinical and imaging features of pseudoprogression and treatment‐induced brain tissue necrosis in patients with malignant glioma in an attempt to improve the current understanding of these conditions, facilitate the noninvasive diagnosis of treatment‐related adverse effects, and improve response assessment in neuro‐oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F. Winter
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Eugene J. Vaios
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alona Muzikansky
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Maria Martinez‐Lage
- CS Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Marc R. Bussière
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Helen A. Shih
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jay Loeffler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Philipp Karschnia
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Franziska Loebel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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19
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Karschnia P, Batchelor TT, Jordan JT, Shaw B, Winter SF, Barbiero FJ, Kaulen LD, Thon N, Tonn JC, Huttner AJ, Fulbright RK, Loeffler J, Dietrich J, Baehring JM. Primary dural lymphomas: Clinical presentation, management, and outcome. Cancer 2020; 126:2811-2820. [PMID: 32176324 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical experience is limited for primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma that arises from the dura mater, which is denoted with the term primary dural lymphoma (PDL). This study was aimed at determining the relative incidence, presentation, and outcomes of PDL. METHODS The institutional databases of the Divisions of Neuro-Oncology at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the Yale School of Medicine were retrospectively searched for patients with primary CNS lymphoma. Patients with pathologically confirmed dural lymphoma and no evidence of primary cerebral or systemic involvement were identified. Clinical data, diagnostic findings, treatments, and outcomes were recorded. RESULTS A total of 20 patients with PDL were identified, and they represented 6.3% of the individuals with primary CNS lymphomas (20 of 316). Histopathological examination of PDL revealed the following underlying subtypes: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (10 of 20 patients), marginal zone lymphoma (6 of 20), follicular lymphoma (2 of 20), undefined B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1 of 20), and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1 of 20). On imaging, all tumors appeared as extra-axial masses with avid contrast enhancement and mostly mimicked meningioma. The median apparent diffusion coefficient value was 667 ± 26 mm2 /s. Cerebrospinal fluid analyses and symptoms were nonspecific, and the diagnosis rested on tissue analysis. Therapeutic approaches included surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The median overall survival was not reached after 5 years. Three patients were deceased at database closure because of tumor progression. The extent of tumor resection correlated positively with overall survival (P = .044). CONCLUSIONS PDL is a rare variant of primary CNS lymphoma that can be radiographically mistaken for meningioma. The outcome is excellent with multimodality treatment, and aggressive surgery may convey a survival advantage in select cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Karschnia
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tracy T Batchelor
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Justin T Jordan
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian Shaw
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sebastian F Winter
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank J Barbiero
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Leon D Kaulen
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Niklas Thon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Anita J Huttner
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert K Fulbright
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jay Loeffler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joachim M Baehring
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Vaios EJ, Winter SF, Muzikansky A, Nahed BV, Dietrich J. Eosinophil and lymphocyte counts predict bevacizumab response and survival in recurrent glioblastoma. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa031. [PMID: 32642690 PMCID: PMC7212859 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a lack of biomarkers to identify glioblastoma (GBM) patients who may benefit from specific salvage therapies, such as the anti-angiogenic agent bevacizumab. We hypothesized that circulating blood counts may serve as biomarkers for treatment response and clinical outcomes. Methods Complete blood counts, clinical data, and radiographic information were collected retrospectively from 84 recurrent GBM patients receiving bevacizumab (10 mg/kg every 2 weeks). Significant biomarkers were categorized into quartiles and the association with clinical outcomes was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results The median treatment duration and survival on bevacizumab (OS-A) was 88 and 192 days, respectively. On multivariate analysis, MGMT promoter methylation (hazard ratio [HR] 0.504, P = .031), increases in red blood cells (HR 0.496, P = .035), and increases in eosinophils (HR 0.048, P = .054) during treatment predicted improved OS-A. Patients in the first and fourth quartiles of eosinophil changes had a 12-month survival probability of 5.6% and 41.2% (P < .0001), respectively. Treatment response was associated with increases in eosinophil counts (P = .009) and improved progression-free survival (P = .013). On multivariate analysis, increases in lymphocyte counts among responders predicted improved OS-A (HR 0.389, P = .044). Responders in the first and fourth quartiles of lymphocyte changes had a 12-month survival probability of 0% and 44.4% (P = .019), respectively. Changes in platelet counts differed before and after radiographic response (P = .014). Conclusions Changes in circulating eosinophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts may predict treatment response and clinical outcomes in patients with recurrent GBM receiving bevacizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J Vaios
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sebastian F Winter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alona Muzikansky
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian V Nahed
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Winter SF, Vaios EJ, Muzikansky A, Bussière MR, Shih HA, Martinez-Lage M, Loebel F, Vajkoczy P, Dietrich J. P01.105 Clinical and imaging features of pseudoprogression in malignant glioma. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy139.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S F Winter
- MGH Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - E J Vaios
- MGH Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - A Muzikansky
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - M R Bussière
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - H A Shih
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - M Martinez-Lage
- C S Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - F Loebel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Dietrich
- MGH Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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22
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Winter SF, Winter SF. Human Dignity as Leading Principle in Public Health Ethics: A Multi-Case Analysis of 21st Century German Health Policy Decisions. Int J Health Policy Manag 2018; 7:210-224. [PMID: 29524950 PMCID: PMC5890066 DOI: 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is ample evidence that since the turn of the millennium German health policy made a considerable step towards prevention and health promotion, putting the strategies of 'personal empowerment' and 'settings based approach' high on the federal government's agenda. This phenomenon has challenged the role of ethics in health policy. Concurrently, increasing relevance of the Concept of Human Dignity for health and human rights has been discussed. However, a direct relationship between Human Dignity and Public Health Ethics (PHE) has surprisingly not yet been established. METHODS We here conduct a systematic ethical analysis of eminent German health prevention policy case-examples between the years 2000-2016. Specifically, our analysis seeks to adapt and apply the principalism (autonomy, beneficence, justice)-based Concept of Human Dignity of Italian philosopher Corrado Viafora, contextualizing it with the emerging field of PHE. To further inform this health policy analysis, index databases (PubMed, Google Scholar) were searched to include relevant published and grey literature. RESULTS We observe a systematic approach of post-millennial health policy decisions on prevention and on defined health targets in Germany, exemplified by (1) the fostering of the preparedness against pandemic infectious diseases, (2) the development and implementation of the first cancer vaccination, (3) major legal provisions on non-smokers protection in the public domain, (4) acts to strengthen long term care (LTC) as well as (5) the new German E-Health legislation. The ethical analysis of these health prevention decisions exhibits their profound ongoing impact on social justice, probing their ability to meet the underlying Concept of Human Dignity in order to fulfill the requirements of the principle of non-maleficence. CONCLUSION The observed health policy focus on prevention and health promotion has sparked new public debates about the formation of/compliance with emerging standards of PHE in Germany. We believe that the overall impact of this novel policy orientation will gradually show over mid- and long-term periods, both in terms of improvements in health system performance and concurrently in diagnostics, therapies and health outcome on individual patient level. The Concept of Human Dignity may soon play an even greater role in European PHE debates to come.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan F. Winter
- Centre for Public Health Care, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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23
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Winter SF, Santaguida C, Wong J, Fehlings MG. Systemic and Topical Use of Tranexamic Acid in Spinal Surgery: A Systematic Review. Global Spine J 2016; 6:284-95. [PMID: 27099820 PMCID: PMC4836933 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1563609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Study Design Combination of narrative and systematic literature reviews. Objectives Massive perioperative blood loss in complex spinal surgery often requires blood transfusions and can negatively affect patient outcome. Systemic use of the antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid (TXA) has become widely used in the management of surgical bleeding. We review the clinical evidence for the use of intravenous TXA as a hemostatic agent in spinal surgery and discuss the emerging role for its complementary use as a topical agent to reduce perioperative blood loss from the surgical site. Through a systematic review of published and ongoing investigations on topical TXA for spinal surgery, we wish to make spine practitioners aware of this option and to suggest opportunities for further investigation in the field. Methods A narrative review of systemic TXA in spinal surgery and topical TXA in surgery was conducted. Furthermore, a systematic search (using PRISMA guidelines) of PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases as well as World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov (National Institutes of Health), and International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number registries was conducted to identify both published literature and ongoing clinical trials on topical TXA in spinal surgery. Results Of 1,631 preliminary search results, 2 published studies were included in the systematic review. Out of 285 ongoing clinical trials matching the search criteria, a total of 4 relevant studies were included and reviewed. Conclusion Intravenous TXA is established as an efficacious hemostatic agent in spinal surgery. Use of topical TXA in surgery suggests similar hemostatic efficacy and potentially improved safety as compared with intravenous TXA. For spinal surgery, the literature on topical TXA is sparse but promising, warranting further clinical investigation and consideration as a clinical option in cases with significant anticipated surgical site blood loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlo Santaguida
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Wong
- Department of Anesthesia, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Address for correspondence Michael G. Fehlings, MD Suite 4W449, Toronto Western Hospital399 Bathurst Street, Toronto M5T 2S8, OntarioCanada
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24
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Schröder-Bäck P, Sass HM, Brand H, Winter SF. [Ethical aspects of a pandemic influenza management and conclusions for health policy. An overview]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2008; 51:191-9. [PMID: 18259711 PMCID: PMC7079834 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-008-0449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are among the major global health threats. Although associated with these diseases there are vast ethical challenges, ethics has more focused on other health related issues--e.g., associated with rare diseases, embryo research, genetic diagnosis. Nowadays we are facing a possible influenza pandemic caused by a new human influenza virus subtype. This article presents issues and ethical challenges of the pandemic threat. The authors argue that it is necessary to consider ethical implications of pandemic influenza preparedness early on and to include ethical reasoning when deciding on the measures for the pandemic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schröder-Bäck
- Landesinstitut für Gesundheit und Arbeit NRW, Westerfeldstrasse 35-37, Bielefeld, BRD.
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25
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Winter SF, Acevedo VD, Gangula RD, Freeman KW, Spencer DM, Greenberg NM. Conditional activation of FGFR1 in the prostate epithelium induces angiogenesis with concomitant differential regulation of Ang-1 and Ang-2. Oncogene 2007; 26:4897-907. [PMID: 17297442 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-1 correlates with angiogenesis and is associated with prostate cancer (CaP) progression. To more precisely define the molecular mechanisms whereby FGFR1 causes angiogenesis in the prostate we exploited a transgenic mouse model, JOCK-1, in which activation of a conditional FGFR1 allele in the prostate epithelium caused rapid angiogenesis and progressive hyperplasia. By labeling the vasculature in vivo and applying a novel method to measure the vasculature in three dimensions, we were able to observe a significant increase in vascular volume 1 week after FGFR1 activation. Although vessel volume and branching both continued to increase throughout a 6-week period of FGFR1 activation, importantly, we discovered that continued activation of FGFR1 was not required to maintain the new vasculature. Exploring the molecular mediators of the angiogenic phenotype, we observed consistent upregulation of HIF-1alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2), whereas expression of Ang-1 was lost. Further analysis revealed that loss of Ang-1 expression occurred in the basal epithelium, whereas the increase in Ang-2 expression occurred in the luminal epithelium. Reporter assays confirmed that the Ang-2 promoter was regulated by FGFR1 signaling and a small molecule inhibitor of FGFR activity, PD173074, could abrogate this response. These findings establish a method to follow spontaneous angiogenesis in a conditional autochthonous system, implicate the angiopoietins as downstream effectors of FGFR1 activation in vivo, and suggest that therapies targeting FGFR1 could be used to inhibit neovascularization during initiation and progression of CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Winter
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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26
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Abstract
Prevention and health promotion are rewarding investments to stabilize our health security systems. They yield sustainable social and individual profit. This is precisely one of the explicitly declared aims of the government's coalition agreement of October 2002 - to upgrade and extend prevention and health promotion in Germany. The Federal Ministry of Health and Social Security is initiating measures and strategies to improve the framework for effective prevention and health promotion, for instance by initiating measures in the field of legislation and by establishing the German Platform for Prevention und Health Promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Apitz
- Bundesministerium für Gesundheit und Soziale Sicherung, Bonn/Berlin
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE Transgenic mouse models are proving to be invaluable in our effort to understand the molecular basis of metastatic prostate cancer (CaP). We review and discuss how current animal models have contributed to our understanding of the metastatic cascade and how transgenic technology is being used to develop the next generation of mouse models. Our goal is to provide a review of the recent advances and provide a framework for further studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a MEDLINE search of the literature on CaP metastasis transgenic and animal models. RESULTS We present a summary of the characteristics of nine different animal models of CaP. Each model is unique and provides valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms governing the progression of CaP. Our experience with transgenic models and all the new data from the literature predicts that we will be able to develop genetically engineered mice that accurately mimic the heterogeneity, androgen-independent growth, and metastatic spread seen in clinical disease. CONCLUSION In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of CaP metastasis, it will be necessary to compare gene and protein expression patterns and biochemical analyses of clinical metastatic disease with data obtained from current models. We will also need to refine our ability to engineer and characterize genetic perturbation models. This type of integrative and iterative approach should facilitate better understanding of the molecular biology of CaP metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Winter
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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28
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Schierbaum C, Köhler F, Kionka R, Konertz W, Winter SF. Bilateral German-Estonian projects of the German Federal Ministry of Health and Social Security 1991-2004. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2004; 129 Suppl 1:S21-4. [PMID: 15133738 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-824839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Schierbaum
- Bundesministerium für Gesundheit und Soziale Sicherung, Bonn.
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29
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Winter SF. The project of a European protocol on human genetics. Suppl Clin Neurophysiol 2003; 53:463-5. [PMID: 12741035 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S F Winter
- German Medical Association, Herbert-Lewinstrasse 1, D-50931 Cologne Germany.
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30
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Abstract
Somatic gene therapy is one of the most fascinating and important medical developments as well as a field bearing unknown risks in human medicine of the nineties. This article tries to give a short survey on the medical applications of this new technique on the one hand and reflects possible ethical and legal implications on the other hand. We conclude that only an international agreement on risk assessment and ethical principles will lead to a adequate approach to somatic gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Winter
- Federal Ministry of Health, Am Propsthof 78A, 53108 Bonn, Germany
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31
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Winter SF, Sekido Y, Minna JD, McIntire D, Johnson BE, Gazdar AF, Carbone DP. Antibodies against autologous tumor cell proteins in patients with small-cell lung cancer: association with improved survival. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993; 85:2012-8. [PMID: 8246287 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/85.24.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency and clinical relevance of human antitumor immune responses is not well known, and few target antigens have been identified. PURPOSE This study was designed to determine the frequency of antibodies reactive against extracts of autologous tumor cell lines and to correlate these data with survival. METHODS Serum samples were obtained from 40 lung cancer patients treated on National Cancer Institute protocols. These sera were used as probes in immunoblots against protein extracts from tumor cell lines derived from each of these patients. RESULTS We detected serum antibodies against autologous tumor cell proteins in 21 (58%) of the 36 patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and three (75%) of the four with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Two patients' sera detected the p53 tumor suppressor gene product and two detected the product of the HuD gene (associated with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes) in their autologous tumor cell lysates. SCLC patients with antibodies against autologous tumor cell proteins had improved survivals compared with those in the antibody-negative group (P = .059). All patients who lived longer than 36 weeks were antitumor antibody positive. Sera from six (86%) of seven patients with limited disease were positive for antibodies that reacted against autologous tumor cells, compared with 15 of 29 (52%) of sera from patients with extensive disease. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the sera from patients with SCLC frequently contain antibodies against tumor cell proteins and that these antibodies are associated with improved survival. IMPLICATIONS These data suggest that an antitumor immune response may affect tumor growth, and that the anonymous proteins detected by antitumor antibodies in lung cancer patient sera may represent proteins involved in the development of lung cancer or in its clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Winter
- Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-8593
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Yanuck M, Carbone DP, Pendleton CD, Tsukui T, Winter SF, Minna JD, Berzofsky JA. A mutant p53 tumor suppressor protein is a target for peptide-induced CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells. Cancer Res 1993; 53:3257-61. [PMID: 7686815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) recognize processed peptide fragments of any endogenous protein, after these peptides are carried to the cell surface by class I major histocompatibility molecules. Thus, a tumor antigen does not have to be expressed as an intact protein on the cell surface to be recognizable by CTL. However, mutant oncogene products have not yet been shown to be targets of CD8+ CTL. Here, we generate p53-specific CD8+ CTL by immunizing BALB/c mice with spleen cells pulsed with a peptide, corresponding to a 21-amino acid sequence encompassing a point mutation (135 Cys to Tyr) in the mutant p53 gene product from a human lung carcinoma. The mutation created a new Kd class I molecule binding motif sequence, and the determinant recognized was mapped to this motif and presented by the Kd class I molecule. The wild type peptide, without the mutation, was not recognized. Importantly, the CTL killed specifically BALB/c fibroblasts transfected with the mutant p53 gene and endogenously expressing the mutant protein, but not control fibroblasts or ones transfected with a different human mutant p53 gene. Thus, endogenously synthesized mutant p53, at levels found in tumors, can render cells targets for specific CTL, and these CTL can be generated by peptide immunization. These findings point the way toward an approach to selective immunotherapy against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yanuck
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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33
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Winter SF, Minna JD, Johnson BE, Takahashi T, Gazdar AF, Carbone DP. Development of antibodies against p53 in lung cancer patients appears to be dependent on the type of p53 mutation. Cancer Res 1992. [PMID: 1322237 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2109.2002.00715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Using immunoblotting techniques we studied the sera from small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer patients for antibodies directed against p53. We have also characterized the majority of these patients' tumors for p53 mutations. In the sera of 13% of the patients (4 of 40 small cell lung cancer and 2 of 6 non-small cell lung cancer) we found antibodies specific for the p53 tumor suppressor gene product. All of the antibody-positive patients tested had p53 missense mutations and expressed detectable p53 antigen in their tumor cell lines. No anti-p53 antibodies were detected in sera from patients whose tumor had p53 stop, splice/stop, splice, or frameshift mutations (n = 10). Thus, while we find that the ability of lung cancer patients to develop anti-p53 antibodies is correlated with the type of p53 mutation, many patients have tumors with missense p53 mutations and did not develop anti-p53 antibodies. The presence of p53 antibodies was not correlated to stage, prior treatment, sex, or survival. None of these lung cancer patient sera had measurable amounts of p53 antigen. By immunoblotting all six anti-p53 antisera we were able to detect a variety of mutant p53 proteins (including those from antibody-negative patients) and detected wild-type p53 protein. The development of anti-p53 antibodies represents an interesting model system for studying immune responses in cancer patients against mutant oncogene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Winter
- Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235
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