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Skaathun B, Maviglia F, Vo A, McBride A, Seymour S, Mendez S, Gonsalves G, Beletsky L. Prioritization of carceral spending in U.S. cities: Development of the Carceral Resource Index (CRI) and the role of race and income inequality. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276818. [PMID: 36520883 PMCID: PMC9754598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Policing, corrections, and other carceral institutions are under scrutiny for driving health harms, while receiving disproportionate resources at the expense of prevention and other services. Amidst renewed interest in structural determinants of health, roles of race and class in shaping government investment priorities are poorly understood. METHODS Based on the Social Conflict Model, we assessed relationships between city racial/ economic profiles measured by the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) and budgetary priorities measured by the novel Carceral Resource Index (CRI), contrasting investments in carceral systems with funding for health and social support across the 50 most populous cities in the United States (U.S.). Bivariate correlations, and unadjusted and adjusted polynomial regression models were used to assess the relationship between budgetary investments and population concentration at extremes in terms of income, racial/ethnic composition, and education, controlling for other demographic characteristics. RESULTS In our sample, median CRI was -0.59 (IQR -0.64, -0.45), with only seven cities exhibiting positive CRI values. This indicates that most large U.S. cities spend more on carceral systems than on health and supportive services, combined. Adjusted polynomial models showed a convex relationship between the CRI and ICE-Education, and ICE-Race(White vs. Black)+Income, with quadratic terms that were positive and significant at p<0.05. After controlling for age, the strongest prioritization of carceral systems was observed in cities where the proportion of low-income Black residents approached or exceeded that of high-income white residents. CONCLUSIONS Municipal prioritization of carceral investments over health and social support is pervasive in the U.S and exacerbated by racial and economic disparities. The CRI offers new opportunities to understand the role of government investments as a structural determinant of health and safety. Longitudinal research is warranted to examine the relationship between budget priorities, structural racism, and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Skaathun
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Francesca Maviglia
- Yale School of Public Health, Public Health Modeling Unit, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Anh Vo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Allison McBride
- Health in Justice Action Lab, School of Law and Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Sarah Seymour
- Health in Justice Action Lab, School of Law and Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Mendez
- Health in Justice Action Lab, School of Law and Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Gregg Gonsalves
- Yale School of Public Health, Public Health Modeling Unit, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Leo Beletsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Health in Justice Action Lab, School of Law and Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Phelps C, Hardie A, Madison K, Chamberlin J, Rios A, Mendez S, Yamada R. Abstract No. 536 Dual energy iodine overlay images reduce time to interpret active arterial extravasation, particularly for less experienced readers. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Vixege F, Courand PY, Blanc-Benon P, Mendez S, Nicoud F, Vray D, Garcia D. Intraventricular vector flow mapping 3-D by triplane Doppler echocardiography. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1816300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - P. Y. Courand
- CREATIS UMR 5220, Lyon, France
- Hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - D. Vray
- CREATIS UMR 5220, Lyon, France
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Mendez S, Iss C, Midou D, Moreau A, Held D, Charrier A, Viallat A, Helfer E. A joint numerical and experimental study on the self-organization of red blood cells in confined microfluidic channels. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1714934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Mendez
- Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C. Iss
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, Marseille, France
| | - D. Midou
- Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - A. Moreau
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, Marseille, France
| | - D. Held
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, Marseille, France
| | - A. Charrier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, Marseille, France
| | - A. Viallat
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, Marseille, France
| | - E. Helfer
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, Marseille, France
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Nicoud F, Zmijanovic V, Mendez S. Reaching a good agreement between computational hemodynamics results and in vitro data is not enough. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1713486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Nicoud
- IMAG, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - S. Mendez
- IMAG, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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Malagelada C, Barba I, Accarino A, Molne L, Mendez S, Campos E, Gonzalez A, Alonso-Cotoner C, Santos J, Malagelada JR, Azpiroz F. Cognitive and hedonic responses to meal ingestion correlate with changes in circulating metabolites. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:1806-1814. [PMID: 27271780 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that meal ingestion induces cognitive perception (sensations) with a hedonic dimension (well-being) that depends on the characteristics of the meal and the appropriateness of the digestive response. The aim of the present study is to identify metabolomic biomarkers of the cognitive response to meal ingestion. METHODS In 18 healthy subjects, the response to a test meal (Edanec, 1 kcal/mL) ingested until maximum satiation (50 mL/min) was assessed. Perception measurements and blood samples were taken before, at the end of the meal, and 20 min after ingestion. The cognitive response and the hedonic dimension were measured on 10 cm scales. Metabolomic analysis was performed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and values of triglycerides, insulin, peptide YY (PYY), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were determined using conventional laboratory techniques. KEY RESULTS Ingestion up to maximum satiation induced sensation of fullness and decreased digestive well-being. The total amount ingested by each subject correlated with the basal sensation of hunger, but not with other sensations or blood metabolite levels. Immediately after ingestion, satiation correlated with an increase in glucose (R = 0.49; p = 0.038) and valine levels (R = 0.48; p = 0.043). Twenty-minutes after finalizing ingestion, triglyceride levels had significantly increased which correlated with the recovery in well-being (R = 0.48; p = 0.046) and the decrease in desire to eat a food of choice (R = -0.56; p = 0.016). The increase in lipids inversely correlated with abdominal discomfort (R = -0.51; p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Cognitive and hedonic responses to meal ingestion correlate with changes in circulating metabolites, which may serve as objective biomarkers of perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Malagelada
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Barba
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Accarino
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Molne
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Mendez
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Campos
- Gallina Blanca Star Group, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Gonzalez
- Gallina Blanca Star Group, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Alonso-Cotoner
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Santos
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J-R Malagelada
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Chnafa C, Mendez S, Nicoud F. Image-Based Simulations Show Important Flow Fluctuations in a Normal Left Ventricle: What Could be the Implications? Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:3346-3358. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Macia M, Mendez S, Jarque A, del Castillo N, Martin E, Dominguez V, Marin C. SP485MULTYPLE PCR FOR TYPIFICATION OF GLYCOPEPTIDE RESISTANT BACTERIA (GRB) COLONIZATION IN PD PATIENTS. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv196.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Malagelada C, Accarino A, Molne L, Mendez S, Campos E, Gonzalez A, Malagelada JR, Azpiroz F. Digestive, cognitive and hedonic responses to a meal. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:389-96. [PMID: 25557693 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut dysfunctions may be associated to digestive symptoms. We hypothesized that the gut can also originate pleasant sensations, and wished to demonstrate the hedonic component of the digestive response to a meal. METHODS Healthy subjects (n = 42) were evaluated during basal fasting conditions and during experimentally induced fullness sensation (either by gastric distension or duodenal nutrient infusion). In each set of studies, a 240 mL test meal (12 kcal broth) and water, as inert control meal, were administered on separate days in a randomized, cross-over design. Gastric accommodation, the cognitive response and the hedonic dimension (both by 10 score scales) were measured 9 min before and 60 min after the meal. KEY RESULTS In basal conditions, the test meal induced a significantly greater gastric relaxation than the control meal (166 ± 28 mL isotonic volume increase 67 ± 14 mL; p = 0.002). Both meals induced epigastric fullness (3.8 ± 0.7 score and 3.2 ± 0.8 score, respectively; p = 0.740), but contrary to the inert meal, with the active meal this conscious sensation had a pleasant dimension (digestive comfort increase by 1.3 ± 0.6 score with active meal vs -1.1 ± 0.6 decrease with inert meal; p = 0.015). Experimentally induced fullness was associated to a decrease in digestive well-being or abdominal discomfort, which improved only after the active meal but not the inert meal. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES When appropriate conditions are met, the response to a meal includes a hedonic dimension involving pleasant sensation of digestive well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Malagelada
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Sigüenza J, Mendez S, Nicoud F. Characterisation of a dedicated mechanical model for red blood cells: numerical simulations of optical tweezers experiment. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2014; 17 Suppl 1:28-9. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2014.931083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sanchez M, Ecker O, Ambard D, Jourdan F, Nicoud F, Mendez S, Lejeune JP, Thines L, Dufour H, Brunel H, Machi P, Lobotesis K, Bonafe A, Costalat V. Intracranial aneurysmal pulsatility as a new individual criterion for rupture risk evaluation: biomechanical and numeric approach (IRRAs Project). AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35:1765-71. [PMID: 24852288 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The present study follows an experimental work based on the characterization of the biomechanical behavior of the aneurysmal wall and a numerical study where a significant difference in term of volume variation between ruptured and unruptured aneurysm was observed in a specific case. Our study was designed to highlight by means of numeric simulations the correlation between aneurysm sac pulsatility and the risk of rupture through the mechanical properties of the wall. MATERIALS AND METHODS In accordance with previous work suggesting a correlation between the risk of rupture and the material properties of cerebral aneurysms, 12 fluid-structure interaction computations were performed on 12 "patient-specific" cases, corresponding to typical shapes and locations of cerebral aneurysms. The variations of the aneurysmal volume during the cardiac cycle (ΔV) are compared by using wall material characteristics of either degraded or nondegraded tissues. RESULTS Aneurysms were located on 6 different arteries: middle cerebral artery (4), anterior cerebral artery (3), internal carotid artery (1), vertebral artery (1), ophthalmic artery (1), and basilar artery (1). Aneurysms presented different shapes (uniform or multilobulated) and diastolic volumes (from 18 to 392 mm3). The pulsatility (ΔV/V) was significantly larger for a soft aneurysmal material (average of 26%) than for a stiff material (average of 4%). The difference between ΔV, for each condition, was statistically significant: P=.005. CONCLUSIONS The difference in aneurysmal pulsatility as highlighted in this work might be a relevant patient-specific predictor of aneurysm risk of rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sanchez
- From Philips Healthcare, Suresnes, France (M.S.) CNRS-LMGC Montpellier, Montpellier, France (M.S., F.J., D.A.)
| | - O Ecker
- CHU Montpellier Neuroradiology, Montpellier, France (O.E., P.M., A.B., V.C.)
| | - D Ambard
- CNRS-LMGC Montpellier, Montpellier, France (M.S., F.J., D.A.)
| | - F Jourdan
- CNRS-LMGC Montpellier, Montpellier, France (M.S., F.J., D.A.)
| | - F Nicoud
- CNRS-I3M Montpellier, Montpellier, France (F.N., S.M.)
| | - S Mendez
- CNRS-I3M Montpellier, Montpellier, France (F.N., S.M.)
| | - J-P Lejeune
- CHU Lille Neurosurgery, Lille, France (J.-P.L., L.T.)
| | - L Thines
- CHU Lille Neurosurgery, Lille, France (J.-P.L., L.T.)
| | - H Dufour
- CHU Marseille Neurosurgery, Marseille, France (H.D.)
| | - H Brunel
- CHU Marseille Neuroradiology, Marseille, France (H.B.)
| | - P Machi
- CHU Montpellier Neuroradiology, Montpellier, France (O.E., P.M., A.B., V.C.)
| | - K Lobotesis
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, England (K.L.)
| | - A Bonafe
- CHU Montpellier Neuroradiology, Montpellier, France (O.E., P.M., A.B., V.C.)
| | - V Costalat
- CHU Montpellier Neuroradiology, Montpellier, France (O.E., P.M., A.B., V.C.)
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Gibaud E, Siguenza J, Mendez S, Nicoud F. Towards numerical prediction of red blood cells dynamics within a cytometer. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2013; 16 Suppl 1:9-10. [PMID: 23923828 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2013.815883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Gibaud
- I3M UMR CNRS 5149, CC 051, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France.
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Chnafa C, Mendez S, Nicoud F, Moreno R, Nottin S, Schuster I. Image-based patient-specific simulation: a computational modelling of the human left heart haemodynamics. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2012; 15 Suppl 1:74-5. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2012.713673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Varona M, Soriano A, Aguirre-Jaime A, Barrera M, Medina M, Bañon N, Mendez S, Lopez E, Portero J, Dominguez D, Gonzalez A. Statistical Quality Control Charts for Liver Transplant Process Indicators: Evaluation of a Single-Center Experience. Transplant Proc 2012; 44:1517-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Malagelada C, De Lorio F, Seguí S, Mendez S, Drozdzal M, Vitria J, Radeva P, Santos J, Accarino A, Malagelada JR, Azpiroz F. Functional gut disorders or disordered gut function? Small bowel dysmotility evidenced by an original technique. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:223-8, e104-5. [PMID: 22129212 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01823.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the proportion of cases with abnormal intestinal motility among patients with functional bowel disorders. To this end, we applied an original method, previously developed in our laboratory, for analysis of endoluminal images obtained by capsule endoscopy. This novel technology is based on computer vision and machine learning techniques. METHODS The endoscopic capsule (Pillcam SB1; Given Imaging, Yokneam, Israel) was administered to 80 patients with functional bowel disorders and 70 healthy subjects. Endoluminal image analysis was performed with a computer vision program developed for the evaluation of contractile events (luminal occlusions and radial wrinkles), non-contractile patterns (open tunnel and smooth wall patterns), type of content (secretions, chyme) and motion of wall and contents. Normality range and discrimination of abnormal cases were established by a machine learning technique. Specifically, an iterative classifier (one-class support vector machine) was applied in a random population of 50 healthy subjects as a training set and the remaining subjects (20 healthy subjects and 80 patients) as a test set. KEY RESULTS The classifier identified as abnormal 29% of patients with functional diseases of the bowel (23 of 80), and as normal 97% of healthy subjects (68 of 70) (P < 0.05 by chi-squared test). Patients identified as abnormal clustered in two groups, which exhibited either a hyper- or a hypodynamic motility pattern. The motor behavior was unrelated to clinical features. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES With appropriate methodology, abnormal intestinal motility can be demonstrated in a significant proportion of patients with functional bowel disorders, implying a pathologic disturbance of gut physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Malagelada
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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Cartwright F, Andersen S, Cervone K, Feldman T, Mendez S. A Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Quality, Clinical, Cellular Dashboard: What Is The Evidence? Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.12.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ordóñez-Gutiérrez L, Martínez M, Rubio-Somoza I, Díaz I, Mendez S, Alunda J. Leishmania infantum: Antiproliferative effect of recombinant plant cystatins on promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes estimated by direct counting and real-time PCR. Exp Parasitol 2009; 123:341-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chiva S, Julia JE, Hernandez L, Mendez S, Muñoz-Cobo JL, Romero A. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON TWO-PHASE FLOW CHARACTERISTICS USING CONDUCTIVITY PROBES AND LASER DOPPLER ANEMOMETRY IN A VERTICAL PIPE. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00986440902936331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Varona MA, Del Pino JM, Barrera M, Arranz J, Hernández BM, Perez HF, Padilla J, Fuentes JS, Aguirre A, Mendez S, Sanz P, Gianchandani R, Perera A, Soriano A. Hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation: a 12-year experience. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:1005-8. [PMID: 19376411 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for patients with cirrhosis and concomitant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in early stages is the treatment of choice, with an acceptable recurrence rate and excellent survival. AIM We sought to evaluate (1) the accuracy of preoperative imaging; (2) the impact of pre-OLT treatments on survival and recurrence; and (3) the influence of beyond Milan criteria selection on global outcomes. METHODS We studied a cohort of 65 patients with HCC among 300 consecutive OLTs over a single 12-year experience. We analyzed the overall outcomes of survival and recurrence, the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis and staging the influence of neoadjuvant treatment prior to OLT, and the effect on overall outcomes beyond the Milan criteria in our series. RESULTS The 65 transplants were performed for HCC, mostly in association with hepatitis C virus and alcoholic cirrhosis with HTP. At a mean follow-up of 40.32 months, the recurrence rate was 5.7% among the 61 HCC confirmed by histopathology. The overall survival was 30.07. Actuarial survivals at 1, 5, and 10 years were 82%, 77%, and 62%, respectively. Six retransplants occurred among the seven graft losses albeit with poor survival after the second graft. Most explants showed low pTNM stages with favorable microscopic features. Preoperative imaging tests failed to achieve an accurate diagnosis in 15.38% of the series. The role of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and hepatic biopsy was irrelevant. Unfavorable histopathologic factors predicted a greater recurrence rate, but had no influence on survival. Neither recurrence nor survival were modified by pre-OLT therapy. CONCLUSIONS In our series, AFP, hepatic biopsy, and pre-OLT treatment had limited roles. Radiological imaging techniques underestimated HCC staging and lead to a misdiagnosis to an expected degree. Despite these findings, this single institution experience with OLT for HCC showed excellent survivals with a low recurrence rate including cases of patients beyond the Milan criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Varona
- Department of Surgery, Universitary Hospital of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
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Maher J, Johnson AC, Newman R, Mendez S, Hoffmann TJ, Foreman R, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B. Effect of spinal cord stimulation in a rodent model of post-operative ileus. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2009; 21:672-7, e33-4. [PMID: 19175749 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Post-operative ileus (POI) is a transient impairment of gastrointestinal (GI) transit that develops after abdominal surgery. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on gastric emptying and upper GI transit in a rat model of POI. All rats had an electrode placed on the dorsal surface of the spinal cord between the T(5) and T(8) segments. After recovery, gastric emptying and upper GI transit (geometric centre and head of meal) were assessed using a radiolabelled meal fed to each rat via oral gavage. In unanaesthetized rats, SCS (15, 25, 50, 100, 200 Hz, 0.2 ms at 90% motor threshold for 15 min) was performed immediately after the meal. The sham control group had no current applied. The naïve group was without POI or SCS. Gastric emptying was significantly delayed in sham-stimulated rats with POI compared with naïve controls (39.8 +/- 6.2%vs 76.5 +/- 4.9%, P < 0.001). In rats with POI that underwent SCS, there was a significant acceleration of gastric emptying to levels that resembled those of naïve controls (65.1 +/- 7.4%, P < 0.05). However, while SCS did not normalize the geometric centre and head of the meal when compared with the naïve group, it did significantly improve both parameters compared with the sham stimulation group. In summary, SCS normalizes gastric emptying and improves upper GI transit in a rodent model of POI. Further experiments are required to address the mechanism(s) by which SCS exhibits prokinetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Maher
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73014, USA
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21
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Mendez S, D' Samuel A, Antoine AD, Ahn S, Hotez P. Use of the air pouch model to investigate immune responses to a hookworm vaccine containing the Na-ASP-2 protein in rats. Parasite Immunol 2008; 30:53-6. [PMID: 18086017 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2007.00994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hookworms are gastrointestinal nematodes that affect approximately 600 million people in developing countries. Using the air pouch model, we have examined the effects of vaccination with the recombinant hookworm larval antigen Na-ASP-2 and the adjuvant Alhydrogel on the skin immune response to hookworms in Sprague Dawley rats. Following vaccination, rats were inoculated 100 Necator americanus L3 into the air pouch, and the exudates and cell infiltrates were collected from the pouch 24 h later. Larval inoculation induced leucocyte recruitment into the pouch. Exudates of rats vaccinated with Na-ASP-2 showed an increase of cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma and especially, IL-5, as well as IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies. The increased amount of antigen-presenting cells and cytokines in the pouch of vaccinated animals suggests that vaccination could potentially restrain this parasite to the inoculation site, avoiding its migration and establishment in the host. Moreover, the air pouch model could constitute an alternative to screen immune responses to L3 antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mendez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center and The Sabin Vaccine Institute, Washington DC, USA.
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22
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Muñoz-Cobo J, Peña J, Chiva S, Mendez S. Monte-Carlo calculation of the calibration factors for the interfacial area concentration and the velocity of the bubbles for double sensor conductivity probe. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2006.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Hookworm infection is a major cause of disease burden for animals and humans. Over the past years, the use of animal models in hookworm infections has been driven by the search of new anthelminthic therapies and, especially, vaccine development. These studies also contributed to the advance of knowledge on immunity to hookworms, offering new insights to understand the nature of this parasitic infection. In this article, we will summarize the essential features of the immune response in the two major animal models of hookworm infections (dog and hamster) and then consider its implication for the human immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Fujiwara
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Yim H, Kent MS, Mendez S, Lopez GP, Satija S, Seo Y. Effects of Grafting Density and Molecular Weight on the Temperature-Dependent Conformational Change of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Grafted Chains in Water. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0520949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yim H, Kent MS, Satija S, Mendez S, Balamurugan SS, Balamurugan S, Lopez GP. Evidence for vertical phase separation in densely grafted, high-molecular-weight poly(-isopropylacrylamide) brushes in water. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2005; 72:051801. [PMID: 16383632 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.72.051801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2005] [Revised: 09/01/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The detailed conformational change of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brushes at high grafting density in D2O was investigated as a function of temperature using neutron reflection. PNIPAM chains were grafted at high surface density from gold and silicon oxide surfaces by atom transfer radical polymerization. Whereas single layer profiles were observed for temperatures below and above the transition region, bilayer profiles were observed for a narrow range of temperatures near the transition. This nonmonotonic change in the concentration profile with temperature is discussed in the context of theoretical models of vertical phase separation within a brush.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yim
- Sandia National Laboratories, Department 8332, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
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Yim H, Kent MS, Satija S, Mendez S, Balamurugan SS, Balamurugan S, Lopez GP. Study of the conformational change of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted chains in water with neutron reflection: Molecular weight dependence at high grafting density. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Yim H, Kent MS, Mendez S, Balamurugan SS, Balamurugan S, Lopez GP, Satija S. Temperature-Dependent Conformational Change of PNIPAM Grafted Chains at High Surface Density in Water. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0354290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - S. Satija
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
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Abstract
Studies of the immunopathogenesis of Leishmania major-induced murine cutaneous leishmaniasis provide a framework for understanding the evolution of L. major infection of skin in humans and the foundation for rationale vaccine design. Experiments in which infection is initiated with "suprap hysiologic" numbers of parasites clearly identify Th-derived type I cytokines as essential participants in macrophage activation and macrophage nitric oxide production as prerequisite for parasite control. Dendritic cells, rather than macrophages, appear to be responsible for L. major-specific Th priming in these studies. Recent studies of murine cutaneous leishmaniasis in a model system in which infection is initiated with lower, more physiologic numbers of parasites confirm many of the important findings obtained in "high dose" inoculation models, but important differences have been noted. The low dose inoculation model should ultimately provide insights into mechanisms that are responsible for dendritic cell recruitment into leishmania lesions, mechanisms that facilitate parasite acquisition by skin dendritic cells and cellular interactions that eventuate in T cell priming and lesion involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Udey
- Dermatology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1908, USA
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Belkaid Y, Hoffmann KF, Mendez S, Kamhawi S, Udey MC, Wynn TA, Sacks DL. The role of interleukin (IL)-10 in the persistence of Leishmania major in the skin after healing and the therapeutic potential of anti-IL-10 receptor antibody for sterile cure. J Exp Med 2001; 194:1497-506. [PMID: 11714756 PMCID: PMC2193677 DOI: 10.1084/jem.194.10.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Some pathogens (e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania spp) have been shown to persist in their host after clinical cure, establishing the risk of disease reactivation. We analyzed the conditions necessary for the long term maintenance of Leishmania major in genetically resistant C57BL/6 mice after spontaneous healing of their dermal lesions. Interleukin (IL)-10 was found to play an essential role in parasite persistence as sterile cure was achieved in IL-10-deficient and IL-4/IL-10 double-deficient mice. The requirement for IL-10 in establishing latency associated with natural infection was confirmed in IL-10-deficient mice challenged by bite of infected sand flies. The host-parasite equilibrium was maintained by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells which were each able to release IL-10 or interferon (IFN)-gamma, and were found to accumulate in chronic sites of infection, including the skin and draining lymph node. A high frequency of the dermal CD4+ T cells released both IL-10 and IFN-gamma. Wild-type mice treated transiently during the chronic phase with anti-IL-10 receptor antibodies achieved sterile cure, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach to eliminate latency, infection reservoirs, and the risk of reactivation disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Belkaid
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 4 Rm. 126, Center Dr. MSC 0425, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Torregrosa NM, Rodriguez MA, Rodriguez JM, Mendez S, Illana J, Parrilla P. Metastases in the amygdala as the first sign of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Surg 2001; 167:395-7. [PMID: 11419560 DOI: 10.1080/110241501750215339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N M Torregrosa
- Department of General Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
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Belkaid Y, Mendez S, Lira R, Kadambi N, Milon G, Sacks D. A natural model of Leishmania major infection reveals a prolonged "silent" phase of parasite amplification in the skin before the onset of lesion formation and immunity. J Immunol 2000; 165:969-77. [PMID: 10878373 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.2.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A model of Leishmania major infection in C57BL/6 mice has been established that combines two main features of natural transmission: low dose (100 metacyclic promastigotes) and inoculation into a dermal site (the ear dermis). The evolution of the dermal lesion could be dissociated into two distinct phases. The initial "silent" phase, lasting 4-5 wk, favored establishment of the peak load of parasites in the dermis in the absence of lesion formation or any overt histopathologic changes in the site. The second phase corresponds to the development of a lesion associated with an acute infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, and eosinophils into the dermis and was coincident with the killing of parasites in the site. The onset of immunity/pathology was correlated with the appearance of cells staining for IL-12p40 and IFN-gamma in the epidermal compartment, and an expansion of T cells capable of producing IFN-gamma in the draining lymph node. Parasite growth was not enhanced over the first 4.5 wk in anti-CD4-treated mice, SCID mice, or C57BL/6 mice deficient in IL-12p40, IFN-gamma, CD40 ligand, or inducible NO synthase. These mice all failed to ultimately control infection in the site, but in some cases (anti-CD4 treated, IL-12p40-/-, CD40 ligand-/-, and SCID) high dermal parasite loads were associated with little or no pathology. These results extend to a natural infection model a role for Th1 cells in both acquired resistance and lesion formation, and document the remarkable avoidance of this response during a prolonged phase of parasite amplification in the skin.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Ear, External
- Epidermis/immunology
- Epidermis/metabolism
- Epidermis/parasitology
- Epidermis/pathology
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/immunology
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/parasitology
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/pathology
- Leishmania major/growth & development
- Leishmania major/immunology
- Leishmania major/pathogenicity
- Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/parasitology
- Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/pathology
- Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/transmission
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/parasitology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/parasitology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Belkaid
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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32
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Domínguez-Toraño IA, Cuquerella M, Gómez-Muñoz M, Mendez S, Fernández-Pérez FJ, Alunda JM. Vaccination of Manchego lambs against Haemonchus contortus with a somatic fraction (p26/23) of adult parasites. Parasite Immunol 2000; 22:131-8. [PMID: 10672194 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3024.2000.00283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A low molecular weight fraction from adult Haemonchus contortus containing two peptides (p26/23) was used to vaccinate Manchego female lambs between 3.5 and 5 months of age. Immunizing injections were given three times on days 0, 14 and 28 of the experiment. On day 43, lambs were challenged with 400 third stage larvae/kg live weight. Vaccination induced a lengthening of prepatent periods, significant reduction (> 60%) in mean faecal egg counts and smaller variations in packed cell volume values. At necropsy, average worm burden in the vaccinated lambs was significantly lower (61.6%) than that found in unvaccinated challenged animals. A clear correlation was found between protection and serum antibody response in immunized lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Domínguez-Toraño
- Departamento de Patologia Animal I, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Merino R, Garcia-Consuegra J, Mendez S, Madero R. Evaluation of two disease activity indices of systemic lupus erythematosus in pediatric patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1995; 13:680-1. [PMID: 8575157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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