All-Solid-State Synaptic Transistors with Lithium-Ion-Based Electrolytes for Linear Weight Mapping and Update in Neuromorphic Computing Systems

Neuromorphic computing, an innovative technology inspired by the human brain, has attracted increasing attention as a promising technology for the development of artificial intelligence systems. This study proposes synaptic transistors with a Li1-xAlxTi2-x(PO4)3 (LATP) layer to analyze the conductance modulation linearity, which is essential for weight mapping and updating during on-chip learning processes. The high ionic conductivity of the LATP electrolyte provides a large hysteresis window and enables linear weight update in synaptic devices. The results demonstrate that optimizing the LATP layer thickness improves the conductance modulation and linearity of synaptic transistors during potentiation and degradation. A 20 nm-thick LATP layer results in the most nonlinear depression (αd = -6.59), whereas a 100 nm-thick LATP layer results in the smallest nonlinearity (αd = -2.22). Additionally, a device with the optimal 100 nm-thick LATP layer exhibits the highest average recognition accuracy of 94.8% and the smallest fluctuation, indicating that the linearity characteristics of a device play a crucial role in weight update during learning and can significantly affect the recognition accuracy.

Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Top-Gate Transistors with Ultrahigh Electron Mobility via Enhanced Electron Pathways

The top-gate structure is currently adopted in various flat-panel displays because of its diverse advantages such as passivation from the external environment and process compatibility with industries. However, the mobility of the currently commercialized top-gate oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) is insufficient to drive ultrahigh-resolution displays. Accordingly, this work suggests metal-capped Zn-Ba-Sn-O transistors with top-gate structures for inducing mobility-enhancing effects. The fabricated top-gate device contains para-xylylene (PPx), which is deposited by a low-temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, as a dielectric layer and exhibits excellent interfacial and dielectric properties. A technology computer-aided design (TCAD) device simulation reveals that the mobility enhancement in the Al-capped (Zn,Ba)SnO₃ (ZBTO) TFT is attributed not only to the increase in the electron concentration, which is induced by band engineering due to the Al work function but also to the increased electron velocity due to the redistribution of the lateral electric field. As a result, the mobility of the Al-capped top-gate ZBTO device is 5 times higher (∼110 cm²/Vs) than that of the reference device. These results demonstrate the applicability of top-gate oxide TFTs with ultrahigh mobility in a wide range of applications, such as for high-resolution, large-area, and flexible displays.

Nonvolatile High-Speed Switching Zn-O-N Thin-Film Transistors with a Bilayer Structure

Zinc oxynitride (ZnON) has the potential to overcome the performance and stability limitations of current amorphous oxide semiconductors because ZnON-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) have a high field-effect mobility of 50 cm²/Vs and exceptional stability under bias and light illumination. However, due to the weak zinc-nitrogen interaction, ZnON is chemically unstable─N is rapidly volatilized in air. As a result, recent research on ZnON TFTs has focused on improving air stability. We demonstrate through experimental and first-principles studies that the ZnF₂/ZnON bilayer structure provides a facile way to achieve air stability with carrier controllability. This increase in air stability (e.g., nitrogen non-volatilization) occurs because the ZnF₂ layer effectively protects the atomic mixing between ZnON and air, and the decrease in the ZnON carrier concentration is caused by a shallow-to-deep electronic transition of nitrogen deficiency diffused from ZnON into the interface. Further, the TFT based on the ZnF₂/ZnON bilayer structure enables long-term air stability while retaining an optimal switching property of high field-effect mobility (∼100 cm²/Vs) even at a relatively low post-annealing temperature. The ZnF₂/ZnON-bilayer TFT device exhibits fast switching behavior between 1 kHz and 0.1 MHz while maintaining a stable and clear switching response, paving the way for next-generation high-speed electronic applications.

Chemically Tunable Organic Dielectric Layer on an Oxide TFT: Poly(p-xylylene) Derivatives

Inorganic materials such as SiO_x and SiN_x are commonly used as dielectric layers in thin-film transistors (TFTs), but recent advancements in TFT devices, such as inclusion in flexible electronics, require the development of novel types of dielectric layers. In this study, CVD-deposited poly(p-xylylene) (PPx)-based polymers were evaluated as alternative dielectric layers. CVD-deposited PPx can produce thin, conformal, and pinhole-free polymer layers on various surfaces, including oxides and metals, without interfacial defects. Three types of commercial polymers were successfully deposited on various substrates and exhibited stable dielectric properties under frequency and voltage sweeps. Additionally, TFTs with PPx as a dielectric material and an oxide semiconductor exhibited excellent device performance; a mobility as high as 22.72 cm²/(V s), which is the highest value among organic gate dielectric TFTs, to the best of our knowledge. Because of the low-temperature deposition process and its unprecedented mechanical flexibility, TFTs with CVD-deposited PPx were successfully fabricated on a flexible plastic substrate, exhibiting excellent durability over 10000 bending cycles. Finally, a custom-synthesized functionalized PPx was introduced into top-gated TFTs, demonstrating the possibility for expanding this concept to a wide range of chemistries with tunable gate dielectric layers.

Atomically dispersed Cu on Ce1−xRExO2−δ nanocubes (RE = La and Pr) for water gas shift: influence of OSC on catalysis

To elucidate the effect of CeO₂ shape and doping on WGS activity, Cu_0.02Ce_0.98O_2−δ and Cu_0.02Ce_0.86RE_0.12O_2−δ (RE = La and Pr) were synthesized by a molecular precursor approach.