Correlation of IDH1 gene expression error in breast tumor biopsy in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma

One of the most important cancers in terms of worldwide prevalence is breast tumors, which have been less investigated in correlation with the enzyme Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene. The aim of this study was that expression of this gene could have significant effects on the progression of metastasis and invasive disease in breast cancer patients. We used the molecular method of RT-PCR with SYBR-Green to analyze breast tumor tissue from patients with metastasis and non-metastasis, the latter confirmed by the pathology department of Shohada-e Tajrish Hospital (serving as a control group). Also, patients population and its relationship with the degree of tumor in the IDH1 gene was investigated. The IDH1 gene has shown high expression in patients with metastatic breast cancer rather than in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer. The metastatic samples were compared with non-metastatic samples for IDH1 mRNA expression. In this research work, 72.5% (29 samples) were up-regulated in comparison to 27.5% of samples (11 samples) that did not exhibit high expression (P=0.000).  This study examined the IDH1 gene expression, suggesting that changes in this gene's expression could impact the prognosis of breast cancer. However, further research is needed to draw definitive conclusions.

The relationship between preeclampsia risk and SENCR rs555172 gene polymorphism and expression

Preeclampsia, the more severe manifestation of gestational hypertensive disorders, is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Genetic polymorphisms in long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are considered as potential genetic preeclampsia. This study aimed to explore the association between SENCR rs555172 SNP and PE risk in healthy pregnant women compared to women with preeclampsia. A total of 140 healthy pregnant women and 130 preeclampsia cases were included in the study. The rs555172 genotype was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and the expression of the SENCR gene was analyzed in 40 placenta tissue samples from both groups. Various statistical approaches were employed to assess the genotypic and allelic frequencies. The results showed no significant difference in the frequency of the rs555172 polymorphism between healthy pregnant women and those with preeclampsia in terms of the dominant (p=0.82), recessive (p=0.39), and over-dominant (p=0.42) models. Additionally, the analysis of SENCR relative expression revealed no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.48). In conclusion, the LncRNA SENCR rs555172(G/A) seems not associated with an increased risk of Preeclampsia in pregnant women.

The application of nano-hydrogels and hydrogels in wound dressings

Wounds and the healing process are one of the main concerns of medical science today. A wound is any loss of integrity, or rupture of the layers of skin (epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis) or subcutaneous tissue caused by physical factors (surgical incision, trauma, pressure, and gunshot wounds) or chemical factors (acid burns). It is observed that soft tissue, muscle, or bone is involved in occurrences of wounds. Lesions and fractures of the skin surface necessitate medical attention, wherein dressings expedite the healing process by establishing a physical barrier between the wound and the external environment, thereby preventing further injury or infection. Hydrogel dressings create a moist environment that facilitates common healing steps, such as granulation hyperplasia, epidermal repair, and removal of excess dead tissue. The limited adhesion of the hydrogel and the hydrated wound bed allows for easy removal of the dressing without secondary damage, thereby significantly reducing the discomfort and risk of infection during dressing changes. These modern, wet dressings foster a moist healing environment by absorbing excess inflammatory secretions and allowing proper passage of steam and air, which expedites the healing process. In this analysis, the utilization of hydrogels as wound dressings is briefly presented.

The current novel drug delivery system (natural and chemical composites) in dental infections for antibiotics resistance: a narrative review

A mouth infection can also affect the teeth, the mouth tissues, and any other areas involved in the mouth. Biofilms formed by bacteria are the primary cause of mouth infections and other infectious diseases caused by bacteria. The most common dental problem is an infection or disease within the mouth. The term chronic infection is sometimes used to describe this type of problem. There is also the possibility that these discomforts may occur due to the presence of bacteria in plaque, which is responsible for causing inflammation throughout the body as a result of bacterial infection in the mouth. In many cases, antibiotics serve as a first-line treatment for mouth infections, especially those caused by bacteria, most commonly treated by antibiotics. It is common for antibiotics to be used orally, and they are absorbed into the body through their metabolism in the liver and kidneys. Antibiotic resistance, which is primarily caused by misuse and overuse of antibiotics, is also one of the most significant public health crises of the 21st century. With the help of new drug delivery systems, antibacterial resistance can be decreased in humans to maintain the effectiveness of antibiotics when they are used more frequently. By directly delivering antibiotics to damaged tissues and reducing undesirable side effects when administered systemically, antibiotic delivery systems enhance the efficiency of antibiotics in specific zones. Furthermore, several new delivery systems are being explored in an attempt to improve pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, reduce bacterial resistance, and decrease dose times. As a result, antibiotics were delivered to tissues and biological fluids using an innovative delivery system. Research on some of the most prevalent dental diseases provides updates on antibiotic delivery systems that reduce antibiotic resistance. This review overviews oral infectious diseases, antibiotics effects, and the different delivery systems of these therapeutic approaches.

Does endurance training affect IGF-1/IGFBP-3 and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes?

AIM

The aim of the present study was to determine whether six weeks of submaximal endurance training using a cycle ergometer would result in a modified serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), an insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), and insulin resistance in middle-aged men with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

METHODS

Twenty male patients with T2D voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly divided into two groups: the training group (N.=10) and the control group (N.=10). The training protocol consisted of a 45-minutes cycling session/day, three days/week for six weeks with intensity 60-70% of the maximum heart rate. To examine the IGF-1 and the IGFBP-3, fasting blood glucose levels, and insulin resistance, blood sampling was performed before and immediately after the first and 18th sessions. The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) method was used to determine insulin resistance.

RESULTS

Before the study began, no significant difference between the two groups was observed in the anthropometric and blood factors. After a session of aerobic exercise, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were significantly increased (153.79% and 64.3%, respectively), and fasting glucose and insulin resistance levels were significantly decreased (15.82% and 27.82%, respectively); however, the changes resulting from a six-week training period were not significant.

CONCLUSION

According to the present study, one session of aerobic exercise for middle-aged men with T2D leads to increased IGF-1 and IGFBP-3, and to decreased fasting glucose and insulin resistance. Considering the lack of changes after a six-week training, it seems that the amount of change depends on subjects' fitness level and exercise parameters. From a clinical point of view, the beneficial effects of acute exercise inT2D subjects show that such exercises should be part of the daily program for them.

Hormonal responses of combining endurance-resistance exercise in healthy young men

AIM

This study investigated the influence of resistance (R) following endurance (E) exercise or ER on acute hormonal responses, such as growth hormone (GH), total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), IGF-1, and cortisol.

METHODS

Ten healthy young men with an average age of 23.9 years (±0.7 y), a height of 175 cm (±3.3 cm), a weight of 74.4 kg (±4.3 kg), and a body mass index of 25.5 kg/m2 (±0.65 kg/m2) participated in this study. All of the participants took part in four protocols (R, E, ER, and control) in separate sessions with at least 1-week intervals. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after exercise, and 15 minutes after exercise in the R, E, ER, and control group protocols.

RESULTS

GH, lactate, TT, and FT increased in the R protocol, and GH, lactate, FT, and IGF-1 increased significantly in the E and ER protocols (P<0.05). FFA increased only after the E protocol (P<0.05). Cortisol significantly decreased in the ER, E, and control group protocols (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION

In conclusion GH, TT and cortisol responses to R following E exercise were reduced. This effect might be due to increase in FFA. However It seems that IGF-1 has not inhibited by FFA.