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Corominas L, Zammit I, Badia S, Pueyo-Ros J, Bosch LM, Calle E, Martínez D, Chesa MJ, Chincolla C, Martínez A, Llopart-Mascaró A, Varela FJ, Domene E, Garcia-Sierra M, Garcia-Acosta X, Satorras M, Raich-Montiu J, Peris R, Horno R, Rubión E, Simón S, Ribalta M, Palacín I. Profiling wastewater characteristics in intra-urban catchments using online monitoring stations. Water Sci Technol 2024; 89:1512-1525. [PMID: 38557715 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the differences in intra-urban catchments with different characteristics through real-time wastewater monitoring. Monitoring stations were installed in three neighbourhoods of Barcelona to measure flow, total chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, conductivity, temperature, and bisulfide (HS-) for 1 year. Typical wastewater profiles were obtained for weekdays, weekends, and holidays in the summer and winter seasons. The results reveal differences in waking up times and evening routines, commuting behaviour during weekends and holidays, and water consumption. The pollutant profiles contribute to a better understanding of pollution generation in households and catchment activities. Flows and COD correlate well at all stations, but there are differences in conductivity and HS- at the station level. The article concludes by discussing the operational experience of the monitoring stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Corominas
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004 Girona, Spain E-mail:
| | - Ian Zammit
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004 Girona, Spain
| | - Sergi Badia
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004 Girona, Spain
| | - Josep Pueyo-Ros
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004 Girona, Spain
| | - Lluís Maria Bosch
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004 Girona, Spain
| | - Eusebi Calle
- University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004 Girona, Spain
| | - David Martínez
- University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004 Girona, Spain
| | - Maria José Chesa
- Barcelona Cicle de l'Aigua, SA (BCASA), Carrer de l'Acer, 16, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Chincolla
- Barcelona Cicle de l'Aigua, SA (BCASA), Carrer de l'Acer, 16, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Martínez
- Barcelona Cicle de l'Aigua, SA (BCASA), Carrer de l'Acer, 16, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Llopart-Mascaró
- Barcelona Cicle de l'Aigua, SA (BCASA), Carrer de l'Acer, 16, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Elena Domene
- Institut Metròpoli, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Garcia-Sierra
- Institut Metròpoli, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Mar Satorras
- Institut Metròpoli, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Raich-Montiu
- scan Iberia Sistemas de Medición S.L. (s::can), Ciutat de Granada 28 bis, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Peris
- scan Iberia Sistemas de Medición S.L. (s::can), Ciutat de Granada 28 bis, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raül Horno
- scan Iberia Sistemas de Medición S.L. (s::can), Ciutat de Granada 28 bis, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edgar Rubión
- Eurecat - Technology Centre of Catalonia, Unit of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Bilbao 72, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Simón
- Eurecat - Technology Centre of Catalonia, Unit of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Bilbao 72, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Ribalta
- Eurecat - Technology Centre of Catalonia, Unit of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Bilbao 72, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ian Palacín
- Eurecat - Technology Centre of Catalonia, Unit of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Bilbao 72, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
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Zammit I, Badia S, Mejías-Molina C, Rusiñol M, Bofill-Mas S, Borrego CM, Corominas L. Zooming in to the neighborhood level: A year-long wastewater-based epidemiology monitoring campaign for COVID-19 in small intraurban catchments. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:167811. [PMID: 37852481 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a valuable and cost-effective tool for monitoring the prevalence of COVID-19. Large-scale monitoring efforts have been implemented in numerous countries, primarily focusing on sampling at the entrance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to cover a large population. However, sampling at a finer spatial scale, such as at the neighborhood level (NGBs), pose new challenges, including the absence of composite sampling infrastructure and increased uncertainty due to the dynamics of small catchments. This study aims to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of WBE when deployed at the neighborhood level (sampling in sewers) compared to the city level (sampling at the entrance of a WWTP). To achieve this, we deployed specific WBE sampling stations at the intraurban scale within three NGBs in Barcelona, Spain. The study period covers the 5th and the 6th waves of COVID-19 in Spain, spanning from March 2021 to March 2022, along with the WWTP downstream from the NGBs. The results showed a strong correlation between the dynamics of COVID-19 clinical cases and wastewater SARS-CoV-2 loads at both the NGB and city levels. Notably, during the 5th wave, which was dominated by the Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant, wastewater loads were higher than during the 6th wave (Omicron variant), despite a lower number of clinical cases recorded during the 5th wave. The correlations between wastewater loads and clinical cases at the NGB level were stronger than at the WWTP level. However, the early warning potential varied across neighborhoods and waves, with some cases showing a one-week early warning and others lacking any significant early warning signal. Interestingly, the prevalence of COVID-19 did not exhibit major differences among NGBs with different socioeconomic statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Zammit
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004 Girona, Spain
| | - Sergi Badia
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004 Girona, Spain
| | - Cristina Mejías-Molina
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Genetics, Microbiology & Statistics Dept., Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; The Water Research Institute (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Rusiñol
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Genetics, Microbiology & Statistics Dept., Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; The Water Research Institute (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sílvia Bofill-Mas
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Genetics, Microbiology & Statistics Dept., Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; The Water Research Institute (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carles M Borrego
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Group of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lluís Corominas
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004 Girona, Spain.
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Smolentsev S, Badia S, Bhattacharyay R, Bühler L, Chen L, Huang Q, Jin HG, Krasnov D, Lee DW, de les Valls EM, Mistrangelo C, Munipalli R, Ni MJ, Pashkevich D, Patel A, Pulugundla G, Satyamurthy P, Snegirev A, Sviridov V, Swain P, Zhou T, Zikanov O. An approach to verification and validation of MHD codes for fusion applications. Fusion Engineering and Design 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2014.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Leal O, Bustamante J, Álvarez P, Badia S, Aguilar E, Domínguez L, Guijarro M, Reyes G, Sarraj A, Nuche J. 237. Malformación hamartomatosa de la aurícula izquierda como causa infrecuente de ataque isquémico transitorio de repetición. Cirugía Cardiovascular 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1134-0096(12)70450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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