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Varese F, White C, Longden E, Charalambous C, Meehan K, Partington I, Ashman E, Marsh L, Yule E, Mohamed L, Chevous J, Harewood E, Gronlund T, Jones AM, Malik S, Maxwell C, Perot C, Sephton S, Taggart D, Tooze L, Majeed-Ariss R. Top 10 priorities for Sexual Violence and Abuse Research: indings of the James Lind Alliance Sexual Violence Priority Setting Partnership. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e062961. [PMID: 36806139 PMCID: PMC9944274 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish a James Lind Alliance (JLA) Priority Setting Partnership (PSP) to identify research priorities relevant to the health and social care needs of adults with lived experience of recent and/or historical sexual violence/abuse. PARTICIPANTS Adults (aged 18+ years) with lived experience of sexual violence/abuse (ie, 'survivors') were consulted for this PSP, alongside healthcare and social care professionals who support survivors across the public, voluntary, community, independent practice and social enterprise sectors. METHODS In line with standard JLA PSP methodology, participants completed an initial online survey to propose research questions relevant to the health and social care needs of survivors. Research questions unanswered by current evidence were identified, and a second online survey was deployed to identify respondents' priorities from this list. Questions prioritised through the second survey were presented at a consensus meeting with key stakeholders to agree the top 10 research priorities using a modified nominal group technique approach. RESULTS 223 participants (54% survivors) provided 484 suggested questions. Seventy-five unique questions unanswered by research were identified and subsequently ranked by 343 participants (60% survivors). A consensus meeting with 31 stakeholders (42% survivors) examined the top-ranking priorities from the second survey and agreed the top 10 research priorities. These included research into forms of support and recovery outcomes valued by survivors, how to best support people of colour/black, Asian and minority ethnic and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) survivors, improving access to high-quality psychological therapies, reducing public misconceptions/stigma, the impact of involvement in the criminal justice system on well-being, and how physical and mental health services can become more 'trauma informed'. CONCLUSIONS These research priorities identify crucial gaps in the existing evidence to better support adult survivors of sexual violence and abuse. Researchers and funders should prioritise further work in these priority areas identified by survivors and the professionals who support them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Varese
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Complex Trauma and Resilience Research Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Catherine White
- Saint Mary's Sexual Assault Referral Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Eleanor Longden
- Complex Trauma and Resilience Research Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Christina Charalambous
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kate Meehan
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Imogen Partington
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Efa Ashman
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lowri Marsh
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Elizabeth Yule
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laila Mohamed
- Saint Mary's Sexual Assault Referral Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jane Chevous
- Survivors Voices, Reshapers Community Interest Company, Suffolk, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emma Harewood
- The Lighthouse, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Toto Gronlund
- James Lind Alliance, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Jones
- South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK
- The Prosper Study, Risk, Abuse and Violence (RAV) Research Programme, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Samira Malik
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Charlotte Maxwell
- Department of Professional Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Concetta Perot
- Survivors Voices, Reshapers Community Interest Company, Suffolk, UK
| | | | - Daniel Taggart
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | | | - Rabiya Majeed-Ariss
- Saint Mary's Sexual Assault Referral Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Rhees RW, Kirk BA, Sephton S, Lephart ED. Effects of prenatal testosterone on sexual behavior, reproductive morphology and LH secretion in the female rat. Dev Neurosci 1997; 19:430-7. [PMID: 9323463 DOI: 10.1159/000111240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual differentiation of many brain structures and functions is dependent on levels of testosterone (T) or its metabolites during certain 'sensitive' developmental periods. If T is present during these perinatal periods, masculinization and defeminization of sexual behavior occur; also, reproductive physiology, and central nervous system morphology and function are altered. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the influence of T at specific prenatal developmental intervals on offspring reproductive morphology, physiology, locomotor activity and sexual behavior during postnatal development. To avoid complications induced by endogenous testicular activity, only females were examined. Free T was used because of its relative short half-life, so that the effects induced by its administration on a specific gestational day (GD) could be evaluated. Pregnant rats received a single subcutaneous injection of either sesame oil (controls) or 5 mg of T on GD 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, or 22. Female offspring of pregnant rats exposed to T displayed significant alterations in morphology and behavior. The anogenital distance, measured at 25 days postbirth, was significantly increased if T was administered on GD 16, 17 or 18. T treatment on GD 16 or each day thereafter through GD 20 significantly delayed the normal occurrence of vaginal opening (controls at 37.5 days vs. T treatment which ranged from 38.5 to 41.4 days). Abnormal vaginal morphology (enlarged clitoris) was also observed when T was injected during a similar prenatal interval (i.e. GD 16 to GD 22). Furthermore, prenatal T treatment on GD 18 (and each day thereafter), until GD 22 significantly decreased lordotic behavior compared to control values. However, exposure to T, on any prenatal GD did not alter the animals' ability to exhibit an induced luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. These results suggest that the onset for altered reproductive morphology occurs at least as early as GD 16, whereas the onset of sexual behavior sensitivity occurs precisely at GD 18, and that the normal pattern of adult LH release in females is not altered by prenatal androgen treatment using this specific paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Rhees
- Department of Zoology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA.
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Arogyasami J, Conlee RK, Booth CL, Diaz R, Gregory T, Sephton S, Wilson GI, Winder WW. Effects of exercise on insulin-induced hypoglycemia. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1990; 69:686-93. [PMID: 2172202 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1990.69.2.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exercise on the rate of onset of hypoglycemia induced by infusion of excess insulin (0.8 mU.min-1.100 g-1). Rats were either fasted overnight (FS) or fed ad libitum (FD). FS rats were killed after 5, 10, or 15 min of infusion at rest or after running on the treadmill at 21 m/min and 15% grade. FD rats were killed after 10, 20, or 40 min of infusion at rest or after exercise. Rats were also killed 15 min postexercise for FS and 60 or 120 min postexercise for FD with continued insulin infusion. The progressive decline in blood glucose was not altered by exercise in the FS rats. FD rats showed a significant difference due to exercise only after 40 min (rest 4.2 +/- 0.3 mM, exercise 3.2 +/- 0.2 mM). A significant postexercise repletion of glycogen was observed in red vastus and soleus muscles of FD rats despite the decreasing blood glucose values. These data indicate that exercise accelerates the rate of development of hypoglycemia in FD rats. In the FS rats, where the rate of decline in blood glucose was greater, exercise had no effect on the time course of development of hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Arogyasami
- Department of Zoology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
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