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Friedman B, Barth S, Schreiber T, Bartzsch H, Bain J, Piazza G. Measured optical losses of Sc doped AlN waveguides. Opt Express 2024; 32:5252-5260. [PMID: 38439257 DOI: 10.1364/oe.511606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Although Sc doped AlN (ScAlN) has been used extensively in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) devices and more recently in optical devices, there have not been thorough studies of its intrinsic optical losses. Here we explore the optical losses of the Sc0.30Al0.70N waveguide system by observing racetrack resonator waveguide quality factors. Using a partial physical etch, we fabricate waveguides and extract propagation losses as low as 1.6 ± 0.3 dB/cm at wavelengths around 1550 nm, mostly dominated by intrinsic material absorption from the Sc0.30Al0.70N thin film layer. The highest quality factor of the resonators was greater than 87,000. The propagation loss value is lower than any value previously published and shows that this material can be broadly used in optical modulators without significant loss.
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Barish N, Barth S, Monroe AK, Greenberg AE, Castel AD. Site assessment survey to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV clinic site services and strategies for mitigation in Washington, DC. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1130. [PMID: 37858238 PMCID: PMC10588010 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has created substantial interruptions in healthcare presenting challenges for people with chronic illnesses to access care and treatment services. We aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on HIV care delivery by characterizing the pandemic-related impact on HIV clinic-level services and the mitigation strategies that were developed to address them. METHODS The data comes from a site assessment survey conducted in the DC Cohort, an observational clinical cohort of PWH receiving care at 14 HIV outpatient clinics in Washington, D.C. Frequency counts and prevalence estimates of clinic-level survey responses about the impact of care delivery, COVID-19 testing, and vaccinations and mitigation strategies are presented. RESULTS Clinics reported an increase in temporary clinic closures (n = 2), reduction in clinic hours (n = 5), telehealth utilization (n = 10), adoption of multi-month dispensation of antiretroviral (ARV) medication (n = 11) and alternative drug delivery via postal/courier service, home/community delivery or pick-up (n = 11). Clinics utilized strategies for PWH who were lost to follow-up during the pandemic including offering care to persons with any income level and insurance status (n = 9), utilizing e-prescribing for auto refills even if the patient missed visits (n = 8), and utilization of the regional health information exchange to check for hospitalizations of PWH lost to follow-up (n = 8). Most social services offered before the pandemic remained available during the pandemic; however, some support services were modified. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the extent of pandemic-era disruptions and the use of clinic-level mitigation strategies among urban HIV clinics. These results may help prepare for future pandemic or public health emergencies that disrupt healthcare delivery and access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Barish
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, 5 th floor, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
| | - Shannon Barth
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, 5 th floor, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Anne K Monroe
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, 5 th floor, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Alan E Greenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, 5 th floor, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Amanda D Castel
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, 5 th floor, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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Castel AD, Barth S, Wilbourn BC, Horberg M, Monroe AK, Greenberg AE. Trends in COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake Among Persons Living With HIV in Washington, DC. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2023; 94:124-134. [PMID: 37368934 PMCID: PMC10529778 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected older people, people with underlying health conditions, racial and ethnic minorities, socioeconomically disadvantaged, and people living with HIV (PWH). We sought to describe vaccine hesitancy and associated factors, reasons for vaccine hesitancy, and vaccine uptake over time in PWH in Washington, DC. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey between October 2020 and December 2021 among PWH enrolled in a prospective longitudinal cohort in DC. Survey data were linked to electronic health record data and descriptively analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. The most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy and uptake were assessed. RESULTS Among 1029 participants (66% men, 74% Black, median age 54 years), 13% were vaccine hesitant and 9% refused. Women were 2.6-3.5 times, non-Hispanic Blacks were 2.2 times, Hispanics and those of other race/ethnicities were 3.5-8.8 times, and younger PWH were significantly more likely to express hesitancy or refusal than men, non-Hispanic Whites, and older PWH, respectively. The most reported reasons for vaccine hesitancy were side effect concerns (76%), plans to use other precautions/masks (73%), and speed of vaccine development (70%). Vaccine hesitancy and refusal declined over time (33% in October 2020 vs. 4% in December 2021, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This study is one of the largest analyses of vaccine hesitancy among PWH in a US urban area highly affected by HIV and COVID-19. Multilevel culturally appropriate approaches are needed to effectively address COVID-19 vaccine concerns raised among PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D Castel
- Department of Epidemiology, The George Washington University School of Public Health, Washington, DC; and
| | - Shannon Barth
- Department of Epidemiology, The George Washington University School of Public Health, Washington, DC; and
| | - Brittany C Wilbourn
- Department of Epidemiology, The George Washington University School of Public Health, Washington, DC; and
| | | | - Anne K Monroe
- Department of Epidemiology, The George Washington University School of Public Health, Washington, DC; and
| | - Alan E Greenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, The George Washington University School of Public Health, Washington, DC; and
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4
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Westhoff J, Barth S, Naehrlich L. Drug desensitization to lumacaftor/ivacaftor: A fast lane to drug tolerance. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:941-943. [PMID: 37045685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
We present the case of a girl (now 11 years and 9 months old) with cystic fibrosis (F508del homozygote), who developed pruritic rash and urticaria six days after the first dose of the CFTR modulators lumacaftor/ivacaftor. The treatment was paused and had to be interrupted due to an immediate recurrence of the urticarial rash after rechallenge. We developed a drug desensitization protocol, aligned to protocols used for desensitization against oral antibiotics. In contrast to other published protocols, it was performed by rapidly increasing the dose of lumacaftor/ivacaftor granulate at 15 min intervals. The medication was continued without interruption, the rash did not reappear during follow-up of two years. This drug desensitization protocol provides a potential new therapeutic option for patients with drug hypersensitivity reactions to CFTR modulators, especially when there are no alternative treatments. Lumacaftor/ivacaftor is available as granulate, doses can be titrated during desensitization and used for long-term treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany.
| | - S Barth
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - L Naehrlich
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
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5
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Daramola AK, Akinrinmade OA, Fajemisin EA, Naran K, Mthembu N, Hadebe S, Brombacher F, Huysamen AM, Fadeyi OE, Hunter R, Barth S. A recombinant Der p 1-specific allergen-toxin demonstrates superior killing of allergen-reactive IgG + hybridomas in comparison to its recombinant allergen-drug conjugate. Immunother Adv 2022; 3:ltac023. [PMID: 36789295 PMCID: PMC9912260 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Current treatments for asthma help to alleviate clinical symptoms but do not cure the disease. In this study, we explored a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of house dust mite allergen Der p 1induced asthma by aiming to eliminate specific population of B-cells involved in memory IgE response to Der p 1. Materials and Methods To achieve this aim, we developed and evaluated two different proDer p 1-based fusion proteins; an allergen-toxin (proDer p 1-ETA) and an allergen-drug conjugate (ADC) (proDer p 1-SNAP-AURIF) against Der p 1 reactive hybridomas as an in vitro model for Der p 1 reactive human B-cells. The strategy involved the use of proDer p 1 allergen as a cell-specific ligand to selectively deliver the bacterial protein toxin Pseudomonas exotoxin A (ETA) or the synthetic small molecule toxin Auristatin F (AURIF) into the cytosol of Der p 1 reactive cells for highly efficient cell killing. Results As such, we demonstrated recombinant proDer p 1 fusion proteins were selectively bound by Der p 1 reactive hybridomas as well as primary IgG1+ B-cells from HDM-sensitized mice. The therapeutic potential of proDer p 1-ETA' and proDer p 1-SNAP-AURIF was confirmed by their selective cytotoxic activities on Der p 1 reactive hybridoma cells. The allergen-toxin demonstrated superior cytotoxic activity, with IC50 values in the single digit nanomolar value, compared to the ADC. Discussions Altogether, the proof-of-concept experiments in this study provide a promising approach for the treatment of patients with house dust mite-driven allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Daramola
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - O A Akinrinmade
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - E A Fajemisin
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - K Naran
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N Mthembu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Hadebe
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - F Brombacher
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A M Huysamen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - O E Fadeyi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Barth
- Correspondence: Stefan Barth, South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Barnard Fuller Building, Anzio Rd, Observatory, Cape Town, 7935 South Africa.
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Koay WLA, Xiao J, Temprosa M, Happ LP, Monroe AK, Castel AD, Rakhmanina NY, Kharfen M, Talwalkar A, Serlin M, Kumar P, Bhandaru V, Bezabeh T, Grover N, Mele L, Reamer S, Sapozhnikova A, Strylewicz G, Barth S, Byrne M, Greenberg A, Jaurretche M, Kulie P, Peterson J, Stewart B, Wilbourn B, Ma Y, Akselrod H, Gajjala JL, Rana S, Horberg M, Fernandez R, Hebou A, Taylor D, Dieffenbach C, Masur H, Bordon J, Teferi G, Benator D, Ruiz ME, Abbott S. Short Communication:Outcomes of Dual Versus Triple Antiretroviral Drug Regimens Among Virally Suppressed Adults in the DC Cohort. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2022; 38:451-454. [PMID: 35352966 PMCID: PMC9225828 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2021.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored virological outcomes of two-drug (2DRs) and three-drug (3DRs) antiretroviral regimens in adults with HIV in the DC Cohort. We analyzed 310 treatment-experienced adults with sustained HIV RNA ≤50 copies/mL at baseline, 53 of whom switched to 2DRs and 257 continued 3DRs. Adults on 2DRs and 3DRs had similar demographics (median age 53.3 years, 76.8% cisgender male, 76.1% Black). Adults on 2DRs had more participants with ≥2 comorbidities (62.3% vs. 42.8%, p = .019), had a longer time since HIV diagnosis (median years 20.4 vs. 13.2, p = .017), and received the regimen of interest for a shorter duration (median years 1.3 vs. 3.3, p < .001) compared with adults on 3DRs. Adults receiving 2DRs had a higher, although nonsignificant, risk for virological failure (two consecutive HIV RNA ≥50 copies/mL) at 24 months follow-up than adults on 3DRs (6.7% vs. 1.7%, respectively; p = .10). Future analysis of the effectiveness of 2DRs is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li Adeline Koay
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jiayang Xiao
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics and Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Marinella Temprosa
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics and Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Lindsey P Happ
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Anne K Monroe
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Amanda D Castel
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Natella Y Rakhmanina
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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7
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Moshage M, Schneider S, Achenbach S, Korosoglou G, Schmermund A, Barth S, Bruder O, Hausleiter J, Schroeder S, Leber A, Werner M, Jochen S, Marwan M. Ct Coronary Angiography In Patients Without Coronary Calcifications: A Subanalysis Of The German Cardiac Ct Registry. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2021.06.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Westhoff J, Barth S, Naehrlich L. P050 Drug desensitisation for lumacaftor/ivacaftor - step-by-step to drug tolerance. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Böckle R, Sistani M, Staudinger P, Seifner MS, Barth S, Lugstein A. Ge quantum wire memristor. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:445204. [PMID: 32647099 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aba46b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite being known of for decades, the actual realization of memory devices based on the memristive effect is progressing slowly, due to processing requirements and the need for exotic materials which are not compatible with today's complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Here, we report an experimental study on a Ge quantum wire device featuring distinct signatures of memristive behavior favorable for integration in CMOS platform technology. Embedding the quasi-1D Ge quantum wire into an electrostatically modulated back-gated field-effect transistor, we demonstrate that individual current transport channels can be addressed directly by controlling the surface trap assisted electrostatic gating. The resulting quantization of the current represents the ultimate limit of memristors with practically zero off-state current and low footprint. In addition, the proposed device has the advantage of non-destructive successive reading cycles capability. Importantly, our findings provide a framework towards fully CMOS compatible ultra-scaled Ge based memristors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Böckle
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Vienna, 1040, Austria
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10
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Barbash Z, Tarcic G, Haham D, Hafzadi L, Zipor R, Barth S, Aizenman A. Large scale functional characterization of mutations and their susceptibility to targeted therapy. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz413.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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11
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Teshome A, Byrne SL, Didion T, De Vega J, Jensen CS, Klaas M, Barth S. Transcriptome sequencing of Festulolium accessions under salt stress. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:311. [PMID: 31151479 PMCID: PMC6545024 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to establish transcriptome assemblies of Festulolium hybrids under salt stress, and identify genes regulated across the hybrids in response to salt stress. The development of transcriptome assemblies for Festulolium hybrids and cataloguing of genes regulated under salt stress will facilitate further downstream studies. Results Plants were grown at three salt concentrations (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) and phenotypic and transcriptomic data was collected. Salt stress was confirmed by progressive loss of green leaves as salt concentration increased from 0 to 1.5%. We generated de-novo transcriptome assemblies for two Festulolium pabulare festucoid genotypes, for a single Festulolium braunii genotype, and a single F. pabulare loloid genotype. We also identified 1555 transcripts that were up regulated and 1264 transcripts that were down regulated in response to salt stress in the Festulolium hybrids. Some of the identified transcripts showed significant sequence similarity with genes known to be regulated during salt and other abiotic stresses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-019-4349-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Teshome
- Teagasc Crop Science Department, Oak Park, Carlow, R93XE12, Ireland
| | - S L Byrne
- Teagasc Crop Science Department, Oak Park, Carlow, R93XE12, Ireland
| | - T Didion
- DLF, Research Division, Store Heddinge, Denmark
| | - J De Vega
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - C S Jensen
- DLF, Research Division, Store Heddinge, Denmark
| | - M Klaas
- Teagasc Crop Science Department, Oak Park, Carlow, R93XE12, Ireland
| | - S Barth
- Teagasc Crop Science Department, Oak Park, Carlow, R93XE12, Ireland.
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12
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Sistani M, Seifner MS, Bartmann MG, Smoliner J, Lugstein A, Barth S. Electrical characterization and examination of temperature-induced degradation of metastable Ge 0.81Sn 0.19 nanowires. Nanoscale 2018; 10:19443-19449. [PMID: 30311606 PMCID: PMC6202951 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05296d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Metastable germanium-tin alloys are promising materials for optoelectronics and optics. Here we present the first electrical characterization of highly crystalline Ge0.81Sn0.19 nanowires grown in a solution-based process. The investigated Ge0.81Sn0.19 nanowires reveal ohmic behavior with resistivity of the nanowire material in the range of ∼1 × 10-4Ω m. The temperature-dependent resistivity measurements demonstrate the semiconducting behavior. Moreover, failure of devices upon heating to moderate temperatures initiating material degradation has been investigated to illustrate that characterization and device operation of these highly metastable materials have to be carefully conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sistani
- TU Wien
, Institute of Solid State Electronics
,
Floragasse 7
, 1040 Vienna
, Austria
| | - M. S. Seifner
- TU Wien
, Institute of Materials Chemistry
,
Getreidemarkt 9
, 1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
| | - M. G. Bartmann
- TU Wien
, Institute of Solid State Electronics
,
Floragasse 7
, 1040 Vienna
, Austria
| | - J. Smoliner
- TU Wien
, Institute of Solid State Electronics
,
Floragasse 7
, 1040 Vienna
, Austria
| | - A. Lugstein
- TU Wien
, Institute of Solid State Electronics
,
Floragasse 7
, 1040 Vienna
, Austria
| | - S. Barth
- TU Wien
, Institute of Materials Chemistry
,
Getreidemarkt 9
, 1060 Vienna
, Austria
.
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13
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Majali-Martinez A, Barth S, Lang U, Desoye G, Cervar-Zivkovic M. Temporal changes of the endothelin system in human cytotrophoblasts during the first trimester of pregnancy. Physiol Res 2018; 67:S247-S255. [PMID: 29947544 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first trimester of pregnancy is characterized by continuous proliferation, invasion and differentiation of cytotrophoblasts. These processes are precisely controlled both, in space and time by molecules such as endothelin-1 (ET-1). ET-1 is expressed in human first trimester trophoblast and is known to stimulate cytotrophoblast proliferation through endothelin A and B receptor subtypes (ET(A) and ET(B)), and cytotrophoblast invasion through ET(B). However, temporal changes of the ET system during the first trimester of pregnancy have not been previously studied. This study tested the hypothesis that ET-1 release, ET(A) and ET(B) expression are increased towards the end of the first trimester of pregnancy (weeks 10-12 vs. weeks 6-9), resulting in increased cytotrophoblast proliferation and invasion. Tissue samples were obtained from 17 surgical pregnancy interruptions (week 6-9: n=9; week 10-12: n=8). After cytotrophoblast isolation, the invasive and proliferative phenotypes were immune-separated by an alpha(6)-integrin antibody. Both proliferative and invasive cytotrophoblasts were cultured separately on plastic or Matrigel for 24 h. ET-1 release into the culture medium of both cytotrophoblast subtypes was measured by radioimmunoassay. ET(A) and ET(B) mRNA expression was measured by RT-PCR, and the ET-1 effect on cytotrophoblast proliferation and invasion was determined using proliferation and invasion assays, respectively. ET-1 release increased from early to late first trimester of pregnancy in both proliferative (1.8-4.5 fold) and invasive cytotrophoblasts (9.3-28 fold), especially when cultured on Matrigel. This was paralleled by less ET(B) mRNA on invasive cytotrophoblasts independent of the time period in first trimester, whereas ET(A) expression was similar on proliferative an invasive cytotrophoblasts. Proliferation and invasion of cytotrophoblasts under control conditions decreased from early to late first trimester. ET-1 stimulated both processes at both periods with the most pronounced effect (7-fold) on invasion in late first trimester. The ET-1/ET-receptor system changes between weeks 6-9 and 10-12 in pregnancy. Our data suggest an autocrine and endocrine ET-1 effect, which is stronger in late than in early first trimester of pregnancy paralleled by different stimulatory effects on trophoblast invasion and proliferation. In general, this suggests time as an additional effector of the critical processes governing placental development in the first trimester of human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Majali-Martinez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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14
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Stahl M, Ricklefs I, Dopfer C, Barth S, Schlegtendal A, Graeber S, Sommerburg O, Diekmann G, Wielpuetz M, Kauczor HU, Hüsing J, Koerner-Rettberg C, Naehrlich L, Tümmler B, Kopp M, Mall M. WS14.3 Randomised, double-blind, controlled pilot study on safety and efficacy of hypertonic saline as preventive inhalation therapy in infants with CF (PRESIS). J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Katon J, Cypel Y, Raza M, Zephyrin L, Reiber G, Yano EM, Barth S, Schneiderman A. Deployment and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Primary Findings and Methodological Considerations. Matern Child Health J 2018; 21:376-386. [PMID: 27449782 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-016-2122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To characterize the pregnancy outcomes of women Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) Veterans including prevalence of preterm delivery, low birth weight, and macrosomia, and to highlight methodological limitations that can impact findings. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted starting in 2014 analyzing data from the 2009 to 2011 National Health Study for a New Generation of US Veterans, which sampled Veterans deployed and not deployed to OIF/OEF. All pregnancies resulting in a live birth were included, and categorized as occurring among non-deployers, before deployment, during deployment, or after deployment. Outcomes included preterm birth, low birth weight, and macrosomia. The association of deployment with selected outcomes was estimated using separate general estimating equations to account for lack of outcome independence among women contributing multiple pregnancies. Adjustment variables included maternal age at outcome, and race/ethnicity. Results There were 2276 live births (191 preterm births, 153 low birth weight infants, and 272 macrosomic infants). Compared with pregnancies before deployment, pregnancies among non-deployers and those after deployment appeared to have greater risk of preterm birth [non-deployers: odds ratio (OR) = 2.16, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.25, 3.72; after deployment: OR = 1.90, 95 % CI 0.90, 4.02]. A similar pattern was observed for low birth weight. No association of deployment with macrosomia was detected. Discussion Compared with non-deployers, those who eventually deploy appear to have better pregnancy outcomes prior to deployment, but this advantage is no longer apparent after deployment. Non-deployers may not be an appropriate reference group to study the putative health impacts of deployment on pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Katon
- US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Office of Patient Care Services, Women's Health Services, Washington, DC, USA. .,VA Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D), Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value Driven Care, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbia Way S-152, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA. .,Department of Health Services, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Yasmin Cypel
- VA Office of Public Health, Post Deployment Health Strategic Healthcare Group, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mubashra Raza
- VA Office of Public Health, Post Deployment Health Strategic Healthcare Group, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Laurie Zephyrin
- US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Office of Patient Care Services, Women's Health Services, Washington, DC, USA.,New York Harbor VA Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gayle Reiber
- VA Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D), Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value Driven Care, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbia Way S-152, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA.,Department of Health Services, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Yano
- VA HSR&D Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California Los Angeles Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shannon Barth
- VA Office of Public Health, Post Deployment Health Strategic Healthcare Group, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aaron Schneiderman
- VA Office of Public Health, Post Deployment Health Strategic Healthcare Group, Washington, DC, USA
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Whiteside D, Barth S, Datta A, Trip SA. Pneumonitis secondary to alemtuzumab in a patient with multiple sclerosis - A non-infectious cause of breathlessness. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 22:139-140. [PMID: 29684788 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The most common adverse events associated with the monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab are infusion associated reactions and secondary autoimmune disease. Respiratory complications are unusual following treatment with alemtuzumab, but can be precipitated by an infectious cause. We describe a case of a sub-acute steroid responsive non-infectious pneumonitis affecting a 51 year old woman, who presented one month after initiation of therapy for multiple sclerosis with alemtuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Whiteside
- Department of Neurology, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Barth
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Datta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK
| | - S A Trip
- Department of Neurology, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK; Queen Square MS Centre, National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, London, UK.
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17
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Díaz Santana MV, Eber S, Barth S, Cypel Y, Dursa E, Schneiderman A. Health-Related Quality of Life Among U.S. Veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom-Results From a Population-Based Study. Mil Med 2017; 182:e1885-e1891. [PMID: 29087858 DOI: 10.7205/milmed-d-17-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have demonstrated health problems among veterans of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq (Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom). Veterans from these conflicts have a higher prevalence of mental disorders and physical diseases, though most studies were conducted using administrative data. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study analyzes data from the National Health Study for a New Generation of U.S. Veterans, a population-based survey that collected data on Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans between 2009 and 2011. Weighted prevalence estimates of deployed and nondeployed veterans were calculated for SF-12 general health perception and clinic and hospital visits. Weighted mean physical (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores were calculated by demographic and military characteristics. Weighted, adjusted odds ratios (aORs), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and prevalence estimates were calculated for physician-diagnosed medical conditions comparing deployed to nondeployed veterans. RESULTS Of 60,000 veterans sampled, 20,563 responded to the survey (response rate = 34%). Deployed veterans had increased odds for significant hearing loss (aOR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.35, 1.63), and lower odds for arthritis (aOR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.83, 0.98), diabetes (aOR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.58, 0.84), and migraines (aOR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.80, 0.97) compared to nondeployed veterans. The prevalence of clinic visits was nearly equal between deployed and nondeployed veterans, though nondeployed veterans reported a higher percentage of hospitalizations that were overnight or longer. The SF-12 MCS was higher among the nondeployed group compared to the deployed group (p < 0.0001), though the deployed group reported a higher PCS compared to the nondeployed (p < 0.0001). The SF-12 MCS and PCS were lower than the U.S. population mean of 50. CONCLUSIONS Deployed veterans are at increased risk for some health conditions; however, nondeployed veterans also report a variety of health conditions. Addressing the unique health concerns of both deployed and nondeployed veterans is important and continued observation of all veterans is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Vanellys Díaz Santana
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, 412 Arnold House, 715 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Stephanie Eber
- Post-Deployment Health Epidemiology Program, Office of Patient Care Services, Department of Veterans Affairs, 810 Vermont Avenue NW (10P4Q), Washington, DC 20420
| | - Shannon Barth
- Post-Deployment Health Epidemiology Program, Office of Patient Care Services, Department of Veterans Affairs, 810 Vermont Avenue NW (10P4Q), Washington, DC 20420
| | - Yasmin Cypel
- Post-Deployment Health Epidemiology Program, Office of Patient Care Services, Department of Veterans Affairs, 810 Vermont Avenue NW (10P4Q), Washington, DC 20420
| | - Erin Dursa
- Post-Deployment Health Epidemiology Program, Office of Patient Care Services, Department of Veterans Affairs, 810 Vermont Avenue NW (10P4Q), Washington, DC 20420
| | - Aaron Schneiderman
- Post-Deployment Health Epidemiology Program, Office of Patient Care Services, Department of Veterans Affairs, 810 Vermont Avenue NW (10P4Q), Washington, DC 20420
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Langbein A, Schumacher B, Spitzer S, Deneke T, Krug J, Barth S, Karolyi L, Weinmann T, Scharfe F, Windmueller V, Schallmaier P, Schade A. P513Left atrial appendage occlusion with the Watchman device in patients with high risk of thromboembolism and contraindications for oral anticoagulation: procedural data and long term outcome. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx501.p513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Klempka A, Barth S, Schmitt R. Quadrikuspide Aortenklappen bei Erwachsenen. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2017; 189:158-160. [PMID: 28597465 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-118713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Ene E, Halbfaß P, Nentwich K, Sonne K, Roos M, Fodor S, Lehmkuhl L, Gietzen F, Barth S, Hamm K, Deneke T. [Epicardial ablation of ventricular tachycardias]. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol 2017; 28:212-218. [PMID: 28488109 DOI: 10.1007/s00399-017-0501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ventricular tachycardias (VT) in patients with structural heart diseases have predominantly a scar-associated reentry mechanism so that substrate-based ablation approaches also have to be used in nearly all procedures. In many VT cases-especially in nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy-a critical epicardial substrate can be identified as an essential component of the reentry circuit so that for the ablation-based modification of the substrate in these cases an epicardial approach is necessary. In cases of redo-VT ablation procedures in ischemic cardiomyopathy (after a previously endocardial ablation), an epicardial approach should also be considered. There are also cases in whom no endocardial substrate can be identified and an isolated epicardial substrate can be identified. Worldwide epicardial VT ablations are usually performed after gaining epicardial access using subxyphoidal puncture. The results of recent studies show a higher efficiency with stabilization of cardiac rhythm and reduction of recurrent VT episodes (about 70% event-free survival at the 2‑year follow-up) after endo-plus epicardial substrate modification. In electrical storm cases, an early epicardial VT ablation approach also appears to be relevant, especially in NICM. Epicardial instrumentation and ablation represents a complex procedure which should only be performed in experienced centers with cardiac surgery back-up. In these experienced centers, the complications rate is less than 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ene
- Herz- und Gefäßklinik, Salzburger Leite 1, 97616, Bad Neustadt a. d. Saale, Deutschland
| | - P Halbfaß
- Herz- und Gefäßklinik, Salzburger Leite 1, 97616, Bad Neustadt a. d. Saale, Deutschland
| | - K Nentwich
- Herz- und Gefäßklinik, Salzburger Leite 1, 97616, Bad Neustadt a. d. Saale, Deutschland
| | - K Sonne
- Herz- und Gefäßklinik, Salzburger Leite 1, 97616, Bad Neustadt a. d. Saale, Deutschland
| | - M Roos
- Herz- und Gefäßklinik, Salzburger Leite 1, 97616, Bad Neustadt a. d. Saale, Deutschland
| | - S Fodor
- Herz- und Gefäßklinik, Salzburger Leite 1, 97616, Bad Neustadt a. d. Saale, Deutschland
| | - L Lehmkuhl
- Herz- und Gefäßklinik, Salzburger Leite 1, 97616, Bad Neustadt a. d. Saale, Deutschland
| | - F Gietzen
- Herz- und Gefäßklinik, Salzburger Leite 1, 97616, Bad Neustadt a. d. Saale, Deutschland
| | - S Barth
- Herz- und Gefäßklinik, Salzburger Leite 1, 97616, Bad Neustadt a. d. Saale, Deutschland
| | - K Hamm
- Herz- und Gefäßklinik, Salzburger Leite 1, 97616, Bad Neustadt a. d. Saale, Deutschland
| | - T Deneke
- Herz- und Gefäßklinik, Salzburger Leite 1, 97616, Bad Neustadt a. d. Saale, Deutschland.
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21
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Porrati F, Pohlit M, Müller J, Barth S, Biegger F, Gspan C, Plank H, Huth M. Direct writing of CoFe alloy nanostructures by focused electron beam induced deposition from a heteronuclear precursor. Nanotechnology 2015; 26:475701. [PMID: 26535785 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/47/475701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, focused electron beam-induced deposition has been employed to prepare functional magnetic nanostructures with potential in nanomagnetic logic and sensing applications by using homonuclear precursor gases like Fe(CO)5 or Co2(CO)8. Here we show that an extension towards the fabrication of bi-metallic compounds is possible by using a single-source heteronuclear precursor gas. We have grown CoFe alloy magnetic nanostructures from the HFeCo3(CO)12 metal carbonyl precursor. The compositional analysis indicates that the samples contain about 80 at% of metal and 10 at% of carbon and oxygen. Four-probe magnetotransport measurements are carried out on nanowires of various sizes down to a width of 50 nm, for which a room temperature resistivity of 43 μΩcm is found. Micro-Hall magnetometry reveals that 50 nm × 250 nm nanobars of the material are ferromagnetic up to the highest measured temperature of 250 K. Finally, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) microstructural investigation shows that the deposits consist of a bcc Co-Fe phase mixed with a FeCo2 O4 spinel oxide phase with nanograins of about 5 nm diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Porrati
- Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Stieber C, Grumach A, Cordeiro E, Constantino-Silva R, Barth S, Hoffmann P, Pesquero J, Renné T, Nöthen M, Cichon S. First report of a FXII
gene mutation in a Brazilian family with hereditary angio-oedema with normal C1 inhibitor. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:1102-4. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Stieber
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center; University of Bonn; Germany
| | - A.S. Grumach
- Outpatient Group of Recurrent Infections; Center of Research; Faculty of Medicine ABC; São Paulo Brazil
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Center of Research; Faculty of Medicine ABC; São Paulo Brazil
| | - E. Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Center of Research; Faculty of Medicine ABC; São Paulo Brazil
| | - R.N. Constantino-Silva
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology; Center of Research; Faculty of Medicine ABC; São Paulo Brazil
| | - S. Barth
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center; University of Bonn; Germany
| | - P. Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center; University of Bonn; Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics; Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Switzerland
| | - J.B. Pesquero
- Department of Biophysics; Federal University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - T. Renné
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry/Central Laboratories; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - M.M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center; University of Bonn; Germany
| | - S. Cichon
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center; University of Bonn; Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics; Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Switzerland
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Barth S, Geue L, Hinsching A, Jenckel M, Schlosser J, Eiden M, Pietschmann J, Menge C, Beer M, Groschup M, Jori F, Etter E, Blome S. Experimental Evaluation of Faecal Escherichia coli and Hepatitis E Virus as Biological Indicators of Contacts Between Domestic Pigs and Eurasian Wild Boar. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 64:487-494. [PMID: 26190581 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Domestic pigs and Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) share several important viral and bacterial pathogens. Therefore, direct and indirect contacts between domestic pigs and wild boar present a risk of pathogen spillover and can lead to long-term perpetuation of infection. Biological indicators could be a powerful tool to understand and characterize contacts between wild boar and domestic pigs. Here, faecal Escherichia coli and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) were explored as potential biological indicators under experimental conditions. The data gained in our pilot study suggest that faecal E. coli can be used as biological indicator of contact between wild boar and domestic pig. For HEV, faecal transmission was also confirmed. However, molecular studies on full-genome basis did not reveal markers that would allow tracing of transmission direction. Based on these promising results, future field studies will especially target the practicability of E. coli microbiome molecular typing as surrogate of contacts at the wildlife-livestock interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barth
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - L Geue
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - A Hinsching
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - M Jenckel
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - J Schlosser
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - M Eiden
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - J Pietschmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - C Menge
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - M Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - M Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - F Jori
- Department of Environment and Society, UPR AGIRS, CIRAD, Montpellier, France.,Department of Animal Science and Production, Botswana College of Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - E Etter
- Department of Environment and Society, UPR AGIRS, CIRAD, Montpellier, France.,Department of Production Animals Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - S Blome
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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Barth S, Bagheri-Hanson A, Mazhari N, Naehrlich L. 325 Isolated heart transplantation for left heart failure in a CF patient. J Cyst Fibros 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(15)30499-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bauerschlag DO, Bräutigam K, Meinhold-Heerlein I, Zeppernick FA, Barth S, Maass N, Hussain A. Photoimmuntherapie eliminiert EGFR-positive Ovarialkarzinomzellen. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1388449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Barth S, Voeste D, Wingender R, Schnabl H. Plantlet Regeneration from Electrostimulated Protoplasts of Sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1993.tb00743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Barth S, Woeste D, Schnabl H. Somatic Hybrids of Sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) Identified at the Callus Stage by Isoenzyme Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1993.tb00343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Ludwig KU, Böhmer AC, Rubini M, Mossey PA, Herms S, Nowak S, Reutter H, Alblas MA, Lippke B, Barth S, Paredes-Zenteno M, Muñoz-Jimenez SG, Ortiz-Lopez R, Kreusch T, Hemprich A, Martini M, Braumann B, Jäger A, Pötzsch B, Molloy A, Peterlin B, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Rojas-Martinez A, Knapp M, Steegers-Theunissen RP, Mangold E. Strong association of variants around FOXE1 and orofacial clefting. J Dent Res 2014; 93:376-81. [PMID: 24563486 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514523987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic orofacial clefting (nsOFC) is a common, complex congenital disorder. The most frequent forms are nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) and nonsyndromic cleft palate only (nsCPO). Although they are generally considered distinct entities, a recent study has implicated a region around the FOXE1 gene in both nsCL/P and nsCPO. To investigate this hypothesis, we analyzed the 2 most strongly associated markers (rs3758249 and rs4460498) in 2 independent samples of differing ethnicities: Central European (949 nsCL/P cases, 155 nsCPO cases, 1163 controls) and Mayan Mesoamerican (156 nsCL/P cases, 10 nsCPO cases, 338 controls). While highly significant associations for both single-nucleotide polymorphisms were obtained in nsCL/P (rs4460498: p Europe = 6.50 × 10(-06), p Mayan = .0151; rs3758249: p Europe = 2.41 × 10(-05), p Mayan = .0299), no association was found in nsCPO (p > .05). Genotyping of rs4460498 in 472 independent European trios revealed significant associations for nsCL/P (p = .016) and nsCPO (p = .043). A meta-analysis of all data revealed a genomewide significant result for nsCL/P (p = 1.31 × 10(-08)), which became more significant when nsCPO cases were added (p nsOFC = 1.56 × 10(-09)). These results strongly support the FOXE1 locus as a risk factor for nsOFC. With the data of the initial study, there is now considerable evidence that this locus is the first conclusive risk factor shared between nsCL/P and nsCPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- K U Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Nikolic M, Lok L, Mattishent K, Barth S, Yung B, Cummings N, Shulgina L, Wade D, Shittu M, Vali Y, Chong K, Wilkinson A, Mikolasch T, Brij S, Jenkins S, Kamath A, Pasteur M, Wason J, Marciniak SJ. S82 Multi-centre prospective comparison of the BTS and ACCP guidelines to determine size in primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Katon J, Cypel Y, Raza M, Zephyrin L, Reiber G, Yano EM, Barth S, Schneiderman A. Self-reported infertility among male and female veterans serving during Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2013; 23:175-83. [PMID: 24261648 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2013.4468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility is associated with psychosocial distress and is a growing public health concern. Our objective was to report the prevalence of lifetime history of infertility among men and women Veterans. METHODS We used data from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Health Study for a New Generation of U.S. Veterans, a nationally representative survey of Veterans serving during Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF). The primary dependent variables were self-reported lifetime history of infertility among Veterans and their partners, defined as trying unsuccessfully to become pregnant for at least 12 months, and seeking medical help for infertility. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine whether gender was associated with lifetime history of infertility or seeking medical help for infertility, after adjusting for sociodemographic and military characteristics. All analyses were weighted to account for the complex survey design and nonresponse. RESULTS Among the 20,370 Veterans (16,056 men; 4,314 women) in our final analytic sample, the prevalence of lifetime history of infertility was 15.8% for women and 13.8% for men. After adjusting for age, ever married, education, race/ethnicity, component, branch of service, and deployment to OEF/OIF, compared with men, women Veterans had similar odds of lifetime history of infertility (odds ratio [OR] 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94, 1.20), but increased odds of seeking medical help for infertility (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.06, 1.72). CONCLUSIONS Women Veterans are more likely than their male counterparts to seek care for infertility, and given their increasing numbers, the demand for infertility evaluation and care within Veterans' Affairs may increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Katon
- 1 Office of Women's Health Services, Department Veteran's Affairs (VA) Central Office , Washington, DC
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Eber S, Barth S, Kang H, Mahan C, Dursa E, Schneiderman A. The National Health Study for a New Generation of United States Veterans: Methods for a Large-Scale Study on the Health of Recent Veterans. Mil Med 2013; 178:966-9. [DOI: 10.7205/milmed-d-13-00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Duan Y, Barth S, Turpin J, Nimick M, Ahern E, Hoke H, Taddonio A, Bukach C. Experience Predicts Other-Race Effects for both Identification and Holistic Processing. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Winter I, Uhrlaß S, Krüger C, Herrmann J, Bezold G, Winter A, Barth S, Simon J, Gräser Y, Nenoff P. Molekularbiologischer Direktnachweis von Dermatophyten im klinischen Material bei Verdacht auf Onychomykose und Tinea pedis. Hautarzt 2013; 64:283-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-013-2562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Michaelis M, Rothweiler F, Agha B, Barth S, Voges Y, Löschmann N, von Deimling A, Breitling R, Doerr HW, Rödel F, Speidel D, Cinatl J. Human neuroblastoma cells with acquired resistance to the p53 activator RITA retain functional p53 and sensitivity to other p53 activating agents. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e294. [PMID: 22476102 PMCID: PMC3358013 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation of wild-type p53 expressing UKF-NB-3 cancer cells to the murine double minute 2 inhibitor nutlin-3 causes de novo p53 mutations at high frequency (13/20) and multi-drug resistance. Here, we show that the same cells respond very differently when adapted to RITA, a drug that, like nutlin-3, also disrupts the p53/Mdm2 interaction. All of the 11 UKF-NB-3 sub-lines adapted to RITA that we established retained functional wild-type p53 although RITA induced a substantial p53 response. Moreover, all RITA-adapted cell lines remained sensitive to nutlin-3, whereas only five out of 10 nutlin-3-adapted cell lines retained their sensitivity to RITA. In addition, repeated adaptation of the RITA-adapted sub-line UKF-NB-3rRITA10 μM to nutlin-3 resulted in p53 mutations. The RITA-adapted UKF-NB-3 sub-lines displayed no or less pronounced resistance to vincristine, cisplatin, and irradiation than nutlin-3-adapted UKF-NB-3 sub-lines. Furthermore, adaptation to RITA was associated with fewer changes at the expression level of antiapoptotic factors than observed with adaptation to nutlin-3. Transcriptomic analyses indicated the RITA-adapted sub-lines to be more similar at the gene expression level to the parental UKF-NB-3 cells than nutlin-3-adapted UKF-NB-3 sub-lines, which correlates with the observed chemotherapy and irradiation sensitivity phenotypes. In conclusion, RITA-adapted cells retain functional p53, remain sensitive to nutlin-3, and display a less pronounced resistance phenotype than nutlin-3-adapted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Michaelis
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Paul Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Frese J, Schuster P, Mertens ME, Vogg A, Dahlems U, Rongen L, Koch S, Mela P, Melmer G, Barth S, Mottaghy FM, Schmitz-Rode T, Lammers T, Jockenhoevel S, Kiessling F. Generation and imaging of patient customized implants. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2012-4388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cervar-Zivkovic M, Dieber-Rotheneder M, Barth S, Hahn T, Kohnen G, Huppertz B, Lang U, Desoye G. Endothelin-1 stimulates proliferation of first-trimester trophoblasts via the A- and B-type receptor and invasion via the B-type receptor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:3408-15. [PMID: 21880800 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-0634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Endothelin-1 (ET-1) stimulates proliferation and invasion of first-trimester human trophoblast cells. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that ET-1 effects are mediated by different receptor subtypes [ET receptor (ETR)-A and ETR-B]. DESIGN The location of ETR in trophoblast cell columns (wk 6-12) was investigated by immunohistochemistry and autoradiography. Trophoblasts were isolated from first-trimester human placentas and proliferative and invasive subpopulations separated using an integrin α6 antibody. Cells were incubated for 24 h with 10 μm ET-1 and different ETR antagonists: PD142893 (unselective), BQ-610 (ETR-A), and RES-701-1 (ETR-B). After ETR down-regulation by antisense oligonucleotides, proliferation (thymidine incorporation, protein synthesis) and invasion (Matrigel invasion) were measured. ETR expression in isolated cells was analyzed by Western blotting and semiquantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Both ETR are expressed in both subpopulations in the cell column with predominance of ETR-A in the proximal part and proliferative subpopulation, whereas ETR-B is present at similar levels in both subpopulations. These results were confirmed at the mRNA level. ET-1 increased proliferation (maximum 267% of control) and invasion (maximum 288% of control) of first-trimester trophoblasts. The mitogenic ET-1 effect was inhibited (P < 0.05) by 40-80% with each receptor antagonist and by 44 and 40%, respectively, by ETR-A and ETR-B antisense oligonucleotides. The invasion-promoting effect was almost completely blocked in the presence of the ETR-B antagonists. CONCLUSION The effect of ET-1 on cell proliferation in first-trimester trophoblasts is mediated by both ETR, whereas its effect on invasion is mediated predominantly by ETR-B. These effects are in line with the receptor subtype location.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cervar-Zivkovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
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Cervar-Zivkovic M, Dieber-Rotheneder M, Barth S, Hahn T, Kohnen G, Huppertz B, Lang U, Desoye G. Endothelin-1 stimulates proliferation of first trimester trophoblasts via the A- and B-type receptor and invasion via the B-type receptor. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1286413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Coughlin SS, Aliaga P, Barth S, Eber S, Maillard J, Mahan CM, Kang HK, Schneiderman A, DeBakey S, Vanderwolf P, Williams M. The Effectiveness of a Monetary Incentive on Response Rates in a Survey of Recent U.S. Veterans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.29115/sp-2011-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Fitting J, Killian D, Junghanss C, Willenbrock S, Murua Escobar H, Lange S, Nolte I, Barth S, Tur MK. Generation of recombinant antibody fragments that target canine dendritic cells by phage display technology. Vet Comp Oncol 2010; 9:183-95. [PMID: 21848621 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2010.00246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the main goals in cancer immunotherapy is the efficient activation of the host immune system against tumour cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) can induce specific anti-tumour immune responses in both experimental animal models and humans. However, most preclinical studies using small animal models show only limited correlation with studies carried out in clinical settings, whereas laboratory dogs naturally develop tumours that are biologically and histopathologically similar to their human counterparts. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of recombinant antibodies against canine DCs, isolated using the Tomlinson phage display system. We successfully isolated highly specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies in a sequential three-step panning strategy involving depletion on canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells followed by positive selection on native canine DCs. This provides the basis for an antibody-based method for the immunological detection and manipulation of DCs and for monitoring antigen-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fitting
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Department of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Simon-Keller K, Paschen A, Eichmüller S, Gattenlöhner S, Barth S, Koscielniak E, Leuschner I, Stöbel P, Hombach A, Abken H, Marx A. Adoptive T-Zell-Therapie des Rhabdomyosarkoms. Pathologe 2010; 31 Suppl 2:215-20. [PMID: 20730458 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-010-1344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Ribbert T, Thepen T, Tur MK, Fischer R, Huhn M, Barth S. Recombinant, ETA'-based CD64 immunotoxins: improved efficacy by increased valency, both in vitro and in vivo in a chronic cutaneous inflammation model in human CD64 transgenic mice. Br J Dermatol 2010; 163:279-86. [PMID: 20426788 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09824.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated, activated macrophages play a pivotal role in chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and atopic dermatitis. These cells display increased expression of the high-affinity Fcgamma receptor (CD64), making them ideal targets for CD64-specific immunotoxins. We previously showed that a chemically linked immunotoxin, the monoclonal H22-RicinA, specifically eliminated infiltrating activated macrophages and resolved chronic cutaneous inflammation. However, several disadvantages are associated with classic immunotoxins, and we therefore followed a fusion protein strategy to express the antigen-binding site alone (scFv H22) fused to a derivative of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (ETA'). OBJECTIVES To assess the potential effect of increased valency on efficacy, we produced monovalent [H22(scFv)-ETA'] and bivalent [H22(scFv)(2)-ETA'] versions and evaluated their potential for eliminating activated macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Both immunotoxins were produced by bacterial fermentation. Binding was assessed by flow cytometry on the monocytic CD64+ cell line U937. Toxicity was analysed by XTT and apoptosis induction by annexin V bioassay. The in vivo effect was tested in a human CD64 transgenic mouse model for cutaneous inflammation. RESULTS The cytotoxic effects of both immunotoxins were clearly due to apoptosis with an IC(50) of 140 pmol L(-1) for monovalent and only 14 pmol L(-1) for the divalent version. In vivo treatment with H22(scFv)-ETA' reduced CD64+ activated macrophages to 21% of their initial numbers whereas H22(scFv)(2)-ETA' treatment reduced these cells to 4.8% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These data clearly show increased efficacy due to increased valency of the anti-CD64 immunotoxin. Both recombinant immunotoxins have a low IC(50), making them suitable for the treatment of diseases involving dysregulated, activated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ribbert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Fraunhofer IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Brockschmidt F, Hillmer A, Eigelshoven S, Hanneken S, Heilmann S, Barth S, Herold C, Becker T, Kruse R, Nöthen M. Fine mapping of the human AR/EDA2R
locus in androgenetic alopecia. Br J Dermatol 2010; 162:899-903. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gattenlöhner S, Jörißen H, Huhn M, Vincent A, Beeson D, Tzartos S, Mamalaki A, Etschmann B, Muller-Hermelink HK, Koscielniak E, Barth S, Marx A. A human recombinant autoantibody-based immunotoxin specific for the fetal acetylcholine receptor inhibits rhabdomyosarcoma growth in vitro and in a murine transplantation model. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:187621. [PMID: 20204062 PMCID: PMC2829619 DOI: 10.1155/2010/187621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common malignant soft tissue tumor in children and is highly resistant to all forms of treatment currently available once metastasis or relapse has commenced. As it has recently been determined that the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) gamma-subunit, which defines the fetal AChR (fAChR) isoform, is almost exclusively expressed in RMS post partum, we recombinantly fused a single chain variable fragment (scFv) derived from a fully human anti-fAChR Fab-fragment to Pseudomonas exotoxin A to generate an anti-fAChR immunotoxin (scFv35-ETA). While scFv35-ETA had no damaging effect on fAChR-negative control cell lines, it killed human embryonic and alveolar RMS cell lines in vitro and delayed RMS development in a murine transplantation model. These results indicate that scFv35-ETA may be a valuable new therapeutic tool as well as a relevant step towards the development of a fully human immunotoxin directed against RMS. Moreover, as approximately 20% of metastatic malignant melanomas (MMs) display rhabdoid features including the expression of fAChR, the immunotoxin we developed may also prove to be of significant use in the treatment of these more common and most often fatal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Gattenlöhner
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - H. Jörißen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - M. Huhn
- Neurosciences Group, Department of Clinical Neurology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - A. Vincent
- Neurosciences Group, Department of Clinical Neurology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - D. Beeson
- Neurosciences Group, Department of Clinical Neurology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - S. Tzartos
- Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127, Vas. Sofias Avenue 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - A. Mamalaki
- Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127, Vas. Sofias Avenue 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - B. Etschmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - E. Koscielniak
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Olga Hospital, 70176 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S. Barth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - A. Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68135 Mannheim, Greece
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Schröder C, Seehusen F, Verspohl J, Barth S, Waldmann KH. Escherichia-coli-Septikämie beim Saugferkel. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1623838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
Recombinant fusion proteins are an expanding, important class of novel therapeutic agents. The designs of these constructs typically involve a cell-targeting motif genetically fused to a highly toxic class of enzymes capable of ruthlessly attacking critical cellular machinery once delivered successfully to the cytoplasm of the target cell. Initial development of this class of constructs typically contained recombinant growth factors or single-chain antibodies as the cell-targeting motif fused to highly cytotoxic plant or bacterial toxins. This review describes second-generation molecules composed of cell-targeting molecules fused to highly cytotoxic human enzymes capable of generating intense apoptotic response once delivered to the cytoplasm. The human serine protease granzyme B has been shown to be extremely effective as a cytotoxic molecule when incorporated into numerous cell-targeting constructs. The biological activity of GrB-containing constructs rivals that of plant or bacterial toxins and appears to represent a new generation and class of completely human proteins with unique biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Rosenblum
- Immunopharmacology and Targeted Therapy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Barth S, Duncker S, Hempe J, Breves G, Baljer G, Bauerfeind R. Escherichia coliNissle 1917 for probiotic use in piglets: evidence for intestinal colonization. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:1697-710. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Thumann G, Stöcker M, Maltusch C, Salz AK, Barth S, Walter P, Johnen S. High efficiency non-viral transfection of retinal and iris pigment epithelial cells with pigment epithelium-derived factor. Gene Ther 2009; 17:181-9. [PMID: 19741732 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2009.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of pigment epithelial cells in patients with age-related macular degeneration and Parkinson's disease has the potential to improve functional rehabilitation. Genetic modification of cells before transplantation may allow the delivery of neuroprotective factors to achieve functional improvement. As transplantation of cells modified using viral vectors is complicated by the possible dissemination of viral particles and severe immune reactions, we have explored non-viral methods to insert genetic material in pigment epithelial cells. Using lipofection or nucleofection ARPE-19 cells, freshly isolated and primary retinal and iris pigment epithelial (IPE) cells were transfected with plasmids encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) and with three plasmids encoding recombinant pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and GFP. Transfection efficiency was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and stability of protein expression by immunoblotting. Pigment epithelial cells were successfully transfected with plasmid encoding GFP. Expression of GFP in ARPE-19 was transient, but was observed for up to 1 year in IPE cells. Analysis of pigment epithelial cells transfected with PEDF plasmids revealed that PEDF fusion proteins were successfully expressed and functionally active. In conclusion, efficient transfer of genetic information in pigment epithelial cells can be achieved using non-viral transfection protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Thumann
- IZKF Biomat, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Barth S, Klein W, Köppel H, Petnehazy T, Pieber T, Friehs I, Rigler B, Zechner R, Gasser R. P-86: GLUT4 mRNA expression in human myocardium does not correlate with coronary heart disease. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1211631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Barth S, Klein W, Friehs I, Rigler B, Zechner R, Gasser R. P-85: GLUT4 mRNA expression in human myocardium is altered in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1211630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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