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Soyland DJ, Thanel PF, Sievers ME, Wagner K, Vuong SM. Primary epidural sporadic Burkitt lymphoma in a 3-year-old: Case report and literature review. Surg Neurol Int 2022; 13:106. [PMID: 35399880 PMCID: PMC8986637 DOI: 10.25259/sni_1172_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a common tumor of childhood that usually arises in the abdomen or pelvis in its sporadic form. In a minority of cases, BL can present with CNS involvement, usually as a secondary site. Rarely, BL can arise primarily in the epidural space and present with back pain, or less commonly, acute myelopathy. This presentation is a surgical emergency and requires vigilant management. Case Description: We describe a case of pediatric BL arising primarily within the epidural space and presenting with progressive difficulty walking in a 3-year-old boy. Progression to complete inability to walk, absent lower extremity deep tendon reflexes, and new urinary incontinence prompted MRI of the spine, which showed a lesion extending from T5 to T10 and wrapping around the anterior and posterior portions of the spine with evidence of spinal cord compression. The patient underwent decompressive laminectomies from T5 to T10 and partial debulking of the posterior portions of the tumor. Microscopic examination showed a prominent “starry sky” pattern with abundant mitotic figures. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of BL. The patient is 10 months post-op and continues to undergo chemotherapy with partial neurologic improvement. He was free of recurrence 10 months post-operative. Conclusion: This appears to be the youngest described patient presenting with acute myelopathy in primary paraspinal BL. Management should include surgical decompression of the spinal cord followed by one of the various described chemotherapeutic regimens. Preoperative staging and neurologic function correlate with prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas J. Soyland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States
| | - Paul F. Thanel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States
| | - Meaghan E. Sievers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States
| | - Kayelyn Wagner
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States
| | - Shawn M. Vuong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States
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Soyland DJ, Goehner DR, Hoerschgen KM, Gust TD, Vuong SM. Hemorrhagic spinal melanotic schwannoma presenting as acute chest pain: A case report and literature review. Surg Neurol Int 2021; 12:164. [PMID: 33948334 PMCID: PMC8088479 DOI: 10.25259/sni_786_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Melanotic schwannoma (MS) is a rare variant of peripheral nerve sheath tumor. MS commonly arises along the spinal nerve sheath. Patients most often experience pain along the dermatome of the affected nerve root. Symptoms development is usually insidious. About half of MS cases are associated with Carney complex, a multi-neoplastic disorder. The remaining cases arise spontaneously. About 10–44% of these tumors undergo malignant transformation. Case Description: We describe a case of hemorrhagic MS presenting as acute chest pain mimicking myocardial infarction, a presentation which has not yet been described in the literature. Neurologic examination did not reveal any abnormalities. Myocardial infarction was ruled out in the ER, and a chest CT angiogram was ordered for evaluation of PE or aortic dissection which revealed an intradural extramedullary dumbbell-shaped mass extending through the left vertebral foramen at the level of T8. MRI revealed a heterogenous mass that was hyperintense with T2 and hypointense with T1-weighted imaging. The patient underwent an open laminectomy of the left T8 and T9 vertebrae and gross total resection (GTR) of a hemorrhagic black tumor. Microscopic examination showed fascicles and nests of plump spindle cells with variable intracellular melanin. Immunohistochemistry showed the cells to be positive for S100, SOX10, HMB-45, and MART-1, confirming diagnosis of MS. Two months after the operation, the patient was doing well and is free of recurrence. Conclusion: GTR is considered the optimal treatment for MS; radiotherapy and chemotherapy may be considered but have not been shown to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas J Soyland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States
| | - Dylan R Goehner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States
| | - Kayla M Hoerschgen
- Department of Pathology, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States
| | - Troy D Gust
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States
| | - Shawn M Vuong
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States
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3
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Lommen MJ, Andreone MA, Vuong SM. The Residency Match in South Dakota: A National Comparison of Specialty and Geographic Trends. S D Med 2020; 73:462-469. [PMID: 33264525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current estimates suggest progressively increasing need for rural family medicine and primary care providers in the near future. Predominantly rural states such as South Dakota have even greater difficulty in attracting these providers. Since its founding, the Sanford School of Medicine (SSOM) at the University of South Dakota has designed its curriculum to encourage students to choose these specialties and practice within the state upon completing residency. The objective of this paper was to evaluate trends in specialty choice and geographic location of residency programs for SSOM graduates compared with national means. METHODS A retrospective observational analysis of residency match data including specialty and geographic location of the program was performed for matched seniors of SSOM from the years 2000-2020 and compared to national data over the same period. RESULTS The proportions of students matching with primary care, surgical, or medical specialties at SSOM was not significantly different from national means. Proportionally, SSOM had almost twice the national average of students matching into family medicine (17.5 percent vs 9.0 percent). A significantly greater proportion of SSOM graduates matched into general surgery (8.1 percent vs 6.0 percent). SSOM students were significantly more likely (71.5 percent) than national (63.0 percent) and Midwest (58 percent) averages to match within their home region. CONCLUSIONS SSOM's curriculum has led to a greater proportion of graduates matching with family medicine programs and at the national average for primary care overall. SSOM students are also significantly more likely than the national average to match within the same region of their medical school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Lommen
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Michael A Andreone
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Shawn M Vuong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanford USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
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4
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Emmert AS, Vuong SM, Shula C, Lindquist D, Yuan W, Hu YC, Mangano FT, Goto J. Characterization of a novel rat model of X-linked hydrocephalus by CRISPR-mediated mutation in L1cam. J Neurosurg 2019; 132:945-958. [PMID: 30738385 DOI: 10.3171/2018.10.jns181015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emergence of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing provides a robust method for gene targeting in a variety of cell types, including fertilized rat embryos. The authors used this method to generate a transgenic rat L1cam knockout model of X-linked hydrocephalus (XLH) with human genetic etiology. The object of this study was to use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in studying perivascular white matter tract injury in the rat model and to characterize its pathological definition in histology. METHODS Two guide RNAs designed to disrupt exon 4 of the L1cam gene on the X chromosome were injected into Sprague-Dawley rat embryos. Following embryo transfer into pseudopregnant females, rats were born and their DNA was sequenced for evidence of L1cam mutation. The mutant and control wild-type rats were monitored for growth and hydrocephalus phenotypes. Their macro- and microbrain structures were studied with T2-weighted MRI, DTI, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS The authors successfully obtained 2 independent L1cam knockout alleles and 1 missense mutant allele. Hemizygous male mutants from all 3 alleles developed hydrocephalus and delayed development. Significant reductions in fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity were observed in the corpus callosum, external capsule, and internal capsule at 3 months of age. The mutant rats did not show reactive gliosis by then but exhibited hypomyelination and increased extracellular fluid in the corpus callosum. CONCLUSIONS The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing system can be harnessed to efficiently disrupt the L1cam gene in rats for creation of a larger XLH animal model than previously available. This study provides evidence that the early pathology of the periventricular white matter tracts in hydrocephalus can be detected in DTI. Furthermore, TEM-based morphometric analysis of the corpus callosum elucidates the underlying cytopathological changes accompanying hydrocephalus-derived variations in DTI. The CRISPR/Cas9 system offers opportunities to explore novel surgical and imaging techniques on larger mammalian models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Diana Lindquist
- 3Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; and
| | - Weihong Yuan
- 3Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; and.,4University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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5
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Gibson JL, Vuong SM, Bohinski RJ. Management of autonomic dysreflexia associated with Charcot spinal arthropathy in a patient with complete spinal cord injury: Case report and review of the literature. Surg Neurol Int 2018; 9:113. [PMID: 29930879 PMCID: PMC5991269 DOI: 10.4103/sni.sni_287_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Charcot spinal arthropathy (CSA) clearly represents a challenge in long-term spinal cord injury patients, one that can have extremely uncomfortable and potentially lethal outcomes if not managed properly. Case Description: A 66-year-old man with a history of complete C7 quadriplegia presented with new-onset autonomic dysreflexia that resulted from Charcot spinal arthropathy (CSA). Pathologic instability, in the atypical site of the mid-thoracic spine, spanning from the T8–T9 vertebral levels was appreciated on physical exam as an audible, palpable, and visible dynamic kyphosis; kyphosis was later confirmed on neuroimaging. Based on the CSA severity and sequelae, the patient underwent bilateral decompression laminectomy with lateral extracavitary arthrodesis and posterior instrumentation. Symptoms dramatically improved and at 1-year follow-up, dynamic thoracic kyphosis and most symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia had resolved. Conclusions: Based on our case and published reports, vigilant imaging and thorough physical examination in long-standing spinal cord injury could help early diagnosis and treatment of CSA, theoretically preventing development of cord atrophy and subsequent long-term sequelae. Surgical correction rather than bracing may be recommended in patients who have complete injury at or above T6 in patients with symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia associated with CSA confirmed on neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Gibson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Mayfield Clinic, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Shawn M Vuong
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Mayfield Clinic, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert J Bohinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Mayfield Clinic, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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6
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Abdelhamed Z, Vuong SM, Hill L, Shula C, Timms A, Beier D, Campbell K, Mangano FT, Stottmann RW, Goto J. A mutation in Ccdc39 causes neonatal hydrocephalus with abnormal motile cilia development in mice. Development 2018; 145:145/1/dev154500. [PMID: 29317443 DOI: 10.1242/dev.154500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric hydrocephalus is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and is one of the most common congenital brain abnormalities. However, little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating CSF flow in the developing brain. Through whole-genome sequencing analysis, we report that a homozygous splice site mutation in coiled-coil domain containing 39 (Ccdc39) is responsible for early postnatal hydrocephalus in the progressive hydrocephalus (prh) mouse mutant. Ccdc39 is selectively expressed in embryonic choroid plexus and ependymal cells on the medial wall of the forebrain ventricle, and the protein is localized to the axoneme of motile cilia. The Ccdc39prh/prh ependymal cells develop shorter cilia with disorganized microtubules lacking the axonemal inner arm dynein. Using high-speed video microscopy, we show that an orchestrated ependymal ciliary beating pattern controls unidirectional CSF flow on the ventricular surface, which generates bulk CSF flow in the developing brain. Collectively, our data provide the first evidence for involvement of Ccdc39 in hydrocephalus and suggest that the proper development of medial wall ependymal cilia is crucial for normal mouse brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Abdelhamed
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine (Girls' Section), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Shawn M Vuong
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA
| | - Lauren Hill
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA
| | - Crystal Shula
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA
| | - Andrew Timms
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - David Beier
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Kenneth Campbell
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA
| | - Francesco T Mangano
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA
| | - Rolf W Stottmann
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA .,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA
| | - June Goto
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA
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Abstract
During the past 20 years, the traditional supportive treatment for stroke has been radically transformed by advances in catheter technologies and a cohort of prominent randomized controlled trials that unequivocally demonstrated significant improvement in stroke outcomes with timely endovascular intervention. However, substantial limitations to treatment remain, among the most important being timely access to care. Nonetheless, stroke care has continued its evolution by incorporating technological advances from various fields that can further reduce patients' morbidity and mortality. In this paper the authors discuss the importance of emerging technologies—mobile stroke treatment units, telemedicine, and robotically assisted angiography—as future tools for expanding access to the diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M. Vuong
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
- 2Comprehensive Stroke Center at University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute; and
| | - Christopher P. Carroll
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
- 2Comprehensive Stroke Center at University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute; and
| | - Ryan D. Tackla
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
- 2Comprehensive Stroke Center at University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute; and
| | - William J. Jeong
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
- 2Comprehensive Stroke Center at University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute; and
| | - Andrew J. Ringer
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
- 2Comprehensive Stroke Center at University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute; and
- 3Mayfield Clinic, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Vuong SM, Jeong WJ, Morales H, Abruzzo TA. Vascular Diseases of the Spinal Cord: Infarction, Hemorrhage, and Venous Congestive Myelopathy. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2016; 37:466-81. [PMID: 27616317 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular pathologies of the spinal cord are rare and often overlooked. This article presents clinical and imaging approaches to the diagnosis and management of spinal vascular conditions most commonly encountered in clinical practice. Ischemia, infarction, hemorrhage, aneurysms, and vascular malformations of the spine and spinal cord are discussed. Pathophysiologic mechanisms, clinical classification schemes, clinical presentations, imaging findings, and treatment modalities are considered. Recent advances in genetic and syndromic vascular pathologies of the spinal cord are also discussed. Clinically relevant spinal vascular anatomy is reviewed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Vuong
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - William J Jeong
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Humberto Morales
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; Comprehensive Stroke Center, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Todd A Abruzzo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; Comprehensive Stroke Center, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, OH; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
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9
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Serrone JC, Tackla RD, Gozal YM, Hanseman DJ, Gogela SL, Vuong SM, Kosty JA, Steiner CA, Krueger BM, Grossman AW, Ringer AJ. Aneurysm growth and de novo aneurysms during aneurysm surveillance. J Neurosurg 2016; 125:1374-1382. [PMID: 26967775 DOI: 10.3171/2015.12.jns151552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many low-risk unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) are followed for growth with surveillance imaging. Growth of UIAs likely increases the risk of rupture. The incidence and risk factors of UIA growth or de novo aneurysm formation require further research. The authors retrospectively identify risk factors and annual risk for UIA growth or de novo aneurysm formation in an aneurysm surveillance protocol. METHODS Over an 11.5-year period, the authors recommended surveillance imaging to 192 patients with 234 UIAs. The incidence of UIA growth and de novo aneurysm formation was assessed. With logistic regression, risk factors for UIA growth or de novo aneurysm formation and patient compliance with the surveillance protocol was assessed. RESULTS During 621 patient-years of follow-up, the incidence of aneurysm growth or de novo aneurysm formation was 5.0%/patient-year. At the 6-month examination, 5.2% of patients had aneurysm growth and 4.3% of aneurysms had grown. Four de novo aneurysms formed (0.64%/patient-year). Over 793 aneurysm-years of follow-up, the annual risk of aneurysm growth was 3.7%. Only initial aneurysm size predicted aneurysm growth (UIA < 5 mm = 1.6% vs UIA ≥ 5 mm = 8.7%, p = 0.002). Patients with growing UIAs were more likely to also have de novo aneurysms (p = 0.01). Patient compliance with this protocol was 65%, with younger age predictive of better compliance (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Observation of low-risk UIAs with surveillance imaging can be implemented safely with good adherence. Aneurysm size is the only predictor of future growth. More frequent (semiannual) surveillance imaging for newly diagnosed UIAs and UIAs ≥ 5 mm is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew J Ringer
- Department of Neurosurgery.,Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine.,Comprehensive Stroke Center at the University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute; and.,Mayfield Clinic, Cincinnati, Ohio
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10
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Vuong SM, Appelwick JE. MRSA peritonitis secondary to perforation of sigmoid diverticulitis. S D Med 2011; 64:405-409. [PMID: 22164818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is well documented, but the pathology is usually associated with post surgical infections or long-term peritoneal dialysis. We report the case of a 50-year-old Caucasian man who presented with a one week history of left lower quadrant abdominal pain, poor appetite and nausea due to MRSA peritonitis secondary to perforated sigmoid diverticulitis. Despite a thorough search of the medical literature, we could not find that this problem has been previously described. We report this case to demonstrate the robust nature of MRSA, which has generally not been considered to be a normal colonizing bacterium of the sigmoid colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Vuong
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, USA
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11
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Vuong SM, Holm RP. Extenuating circumstances: does a stereotypical surgical personality exist? S D Med 2011; 64:172. [PMID: 21661343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Vuong
- Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota, USA
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12
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Vuong SM, Oliver HA, Scholl JL, Oliver KM, Forster GL. Increased anxiety-like behavior of rats during amphetamine withdrawal is reversed by CRF2 receptor antagonism. Behav Brain Res 2009; 208:278-81. [PMID: 19958793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Withdrawal from psychostimulants increases anxiety states, and amphetamine-treated rats show increased CRF(2) receptors in the serotonergic cell body region, the dorsal raphe nucleus (dRN). In the current study, amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg, i.p., 14 days) pre-treated rats spent less time in open arms of the elevated plus maze compared saline pre-treated rats at both 24h or 2 weeks of withdrawal, and CRF(2) receptor antagonism (ASV-30; 2 microg/0.5 microl) within the dRN reversed the effects of amphetamine withdrawal on anxiety-like behavior. Overall, results suggest that CRF(2) receptor antagonism may be a novel pharmacological target for anxiety states during drug withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Vuong
- Neuroscience Group, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St, Vermillion, SD 57069-2390, USA
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13
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Forster GL, Pringle RB, Mouw NJ, Vuong SM, Watt MJ, Burke AR, Lowry CA, Summers CH, Renner KJ. Corticotropin-releasing factor in the dorsal raphe nucleus increases medial prefrontal cortical serotonin via type 2 receptors and median raphe nucleus activity. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 28:299-310. [PMID: 18702701 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between central corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and serotonergic systems are believed to be important for mediating fear and anxiety behaviors. Recently we demonstrated that infusions of CRF into the rat dorsal raphe nucleus result in a delayed increase in serotonin release within the medial prefrontal cortex that coincided with a reduction in fear behavior. The current studies were designed to study the CRF receptor mechanisms and pathways involved in this serotonergic response. Infusions of CRF (0.5 microg/0.5 microL) were made into the dorsal raphe nucleus of urethane-anesthetized rats following either inactivation of the median raphe nucleus by muscimol (25 ng/0.25 microL) or antagonism of CRF receptor type 1 or CRF receptor type 2 in the dorsal raphe nucleus with antalarmin (25-50 ng/0.5 microL) or antisauvagine-30 (2 microg/0.5 microL), respectively. Medial prefrontal cortex serotonin levels were measured using in-vivo microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Increased medial prefrontal cortex serotonin release elicited by CRF infusion into the dorsal raphe nucleus was abolished by inactivation of the median raphe nucleus. Furthermore, antagonism of CRF receptor type 2 but not CRF receptor type 1 in the dorsal raphe nucleus abolished CRF-induced increases in medial prefrontal cortex serotonin. Follow-up studies involved electrical stimulation of the central nucleus of the amygdala, a source of CRF afferents to the dorsal raphe nucleus. Activation of the central nucleus increased medial prefrontal cortex serotonin release. This response was blocked by CRF receptor type 2 antagonism in the dorsal raphe. Overall, these results highlight complex CRF modulation of medial prefrontal cortex serotonergic activity at the level of the raphe nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L Forster
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Neuroscience Group, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
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