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Nyunt MH, Aye KM, Naing ST, Mon AS, Htwe MM, Win SM, Thwe WM, Zaw NN, Kyaw MP, Thi A. Residual malaria among migrant workers in Myanmar: why still persistent and how to eliminate it? BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1146. [PMID: 34758727 PMCID: PMC8579646 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06839-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residual malaria is probably an important source for the re-emergence of malaria infection in the elimination era. Assessment to identify the factors influencing residual malaria in high-risk groups is needed to develop evidence-based decisions by stakeholders and policymakers. METHODS This study was conducted to explore the factors influencing the residual malaria infection among migrant workers in two sentinel sites (endemic vs. pre-elimination areas) in Myanmar using the mixed-model method. RESULTS A total of 102 migrant respondents (65 in Bamauk and 37 in Shwegyin) were included for the quantitative assessment using pretested questionnaires during household visits. Although 87.3% of them had insecticidal bed nets (ITNs/LLINs), only 68.3% of the migrants in Bamauk and 57.9% in Shwegyin used it regularly. The use of any bed net was high (79.9% in Bamauk vs. 91.0% in Shwegyin). The mean LLINs in their families were 1.64 (95%CI: 1.48-1.81) in Bamauk and 2.89 (95%CI: 2.67-3.11) in Shwegyin. Most of them received no health information for malaria prevention within the last year and their knowledge about malaria was low. Their working nature was a challenge for control measures against malaria in migrants. CONCLUSION The strategy for distributing LLINs and health promotion activities for mobile/migrant populations should be reviewed, and an appropriate action plan should be developed for the specific migrant group. Moreover, health promotion activities for behavior change communication should be strengthened in the migrant population in Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myat Htut Nyunt
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar.
| | - Khin Myo Aye
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Shine Thura Naing
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Aye Su Mon
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Mi Mi Htwe
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Su Mon Win
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Wai Myat Thwe
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Ni Ni Zaw
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Myat Phone Kyaw
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| | - Aung Thi
- Department of Public Health, National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
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Kyaw AK, Ngwe Tun MM, Naing ST, Htwe TT, Mar TT, Khaing TM, Aung T, Aye KS, Thant KZ, Morita K. Inapparent dengue virus infection among students in Mandalay, Myanmar. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 114:57-61. [PMID: 31638146 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A school- and laboratory-based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to find out the burden of inapparent dengue virus (DENV) infection in Mandalay where DENV is endemic and there is circulation of all four DENV serotypes. METHODS A total of 420 students who had no history of fever and visited the hospital within 6 months were recruited from three monastic schools. Serum samples were collected and the DENV genome was checked by conventional one-step RT-PCR and anti-DENV IgM and IgG antibodies were determined. Inapparent dengue (DEN) infection is defined as individuals who were either RT-PCR-positive or anti-DENV IgM-positive with no clinical manifestations or mild symptoms, and which are not linked to a visit to a healthcare provider. RESULTS Among 420 students, 38 students (9.0%, 95% CI, 6.4 to 12.2) were confirmed as recent inapparent DEN infection. The DENV serotype-1 was detected in six students. Thirty-one out of 38 (81.6%) laboratory-confirmed inapparent DEN-infected students had primary infections and seven (18.4%) had secondary infections. CONCLUSION This study explored the prevalence of inapparent DEN infection rate in urban monastic schools in Mandalay and showed that the rate of primary infection among inapparent DENV-infected children was high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Kyaw Kyaw
- Department of Medical Research, Pyin Oo Lwin Branch, Ward No (16), Near Anisakhan Airport, Pyin Oo Lwin, Mandalay Region, Myanmar, PO-05062
| | - Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto Nagasaki, Japan, PO 852-8523
| | - Shine Thura Naing
- Department of Medical Research, Pyin Oo Lwin Branch, Ward No (16), Near Anisakhan Airport, Pyin Oo Lwin, Mandalay Region, Myanmar, PO-05062
| | - Thein Thein Htwe
- Department of Medical Research, Pyin Oo Lwin Branch, Ward No (16), Near Anisakhan Airport, Pyin Oo Lwin, Mandalay Region, Myanmar, PO-05062
| | - Tu Tu Mar
- Department of Medical Research, Pyin Oo Lwin Branch, Ward No (16), Near Anisakhan Airport, Pyin Oo Lwin, Mandalay Region, Myanmar, PO-05062
| | - Tin Moe Khaing
- Department of Medical Research, Pyin Oo Lwin Branch, Ward No (16), Near Anisakhan Airport, Pyin Oo Lwin, Mandalay Region, Myanmar, PO-05062
| | - Thidar Aung
- Department of Medical Research, Pyin Oo Lwin Branch, Ward No (16), Near Anisakhan Airport, Pyin Oo Lwin, Mandalay Region, Myanmar, PO-05062
| | - Khin Saw Aye
- Department of Medical Research, Pyin Oo Lwin Branch, Ward No (16), Near Anisakhan Airport, Pyin Oo Lwin, Mandalay Region, Myanmar, PO-05062
| | - Kyaw Zin Thant
- Department of Medical Research, Pyin Oo Lwin Branch, Ward No (16), Near Anisakhan Airport, Pyin Oo Lwin, Mandalay Region, Myanmar, PO-05062
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Medical Research, Pyin Oo Lwin Branch, Ward No (16), Near Anisakhan Airport, Pyin Oo Lwin, Mandalay Region, Myanmar, PO-05062
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Kyaw AK, Ngwe Tun MM, Naing ST, Htet KKK, Htwe TT, Khaing YY, Tu Mar T, Aung T, Win KN, Tar T, Aye KS, Thant KZ, Morita K. Evaluation of commercially available three dengue rapid diagnostic test kits for diagnosis of acute dengue virus infection at the point-of-care setting in Myanmar. J Virol Methods 2019; 273:113724. [PMID: 31437465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Early and accurate diagnosis of dengue virus (DENV) infection is very important and Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) Kits are been used as a point-of-care test to check DENV infection. A Hospital and Laboratory-based descriptive study was conducted at 550-bedded Mandalay Children Hospital in 2018. Acute-phase serum samples were collected from 202 dengue suspected patients to evaluate the efficacy of RDT Kits for the diagnosis of DENV infection. Commercially available three test kits which include: ((i) CareUs Dengue Combo, Korea, (ii) Humasis Dengue Combo, Korea and (iii) Wondfo Dengue Combo, China) were validated against WHO-based reference standard tests. 140/202 patients (69.3%) was confirmed to have DENV infection. All four serotypes of dengue viruses (57 DENV-1, 7 DENV-2, 6 DENV-3 and 10 DENV-4) were identified from 80 dengue confirmed patients and DENV-1 was the dominant serotype. Combining the NS-1 antigen and IgM antibody results from the CareUs Dengue Combo Kit gave the best sensitivity (92.1%, 95% CI 86.4%-96.0%) and specificity (75.8%, 95%CI 63.3%-85.8%). Among the three RDT Kits, the performance of CareUS Kit was better than the other two. This study explored the evidence of the usefulness of RDT Kits at the point-of-care setting for diagnosis of acute dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Kyaw Kyaw
- Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch), Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | - Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan.
| | - Shine Thura Naing
- Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch), Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | - Kyaw Ko Ko Htet
- Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch), Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | - Thein Thein Htwe
- Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch), Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | - Yin Yin Khaing
- Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch), Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | - Tu Tu Mar
- Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch), Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | - Thidar Aung
- Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch), Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | - Khin Nilar Win
- 550-bedded Mandalay Children Hospital, Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | - Thi Tar
- 550-bedded Mandalay Children Hospital, Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | - Khin Saw Aye
- Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch), Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | - Kyaw Zin Thant
- Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch), Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan
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