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Hassan SA, Aziz DM, Abdullah MN, Bhat AR, Dongre RS, Hadda TB, Almalki FA, Kawsar SMA, Rahiman AK, Ahmed S, Abdellattif MH, Berredjem M, Sheikh SA, Jamalis J. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, hemolytic activities and in silico POM/DFT/DNA-binding and pharmacokinetic analyses of new sulfonamide bearing thiazolidin-4-ones. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3747-3763. [PMID: 37402503 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2226713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Schiff bases and Thiazolidin-4-ones, were synthesized using Sonication and Microwave techniques, respectively. The Schiff base derivatives (3a-b) were synthesized via the reaction of Sulfathiazole (1) with benzaldehyde derivatives (2a-b), followed by the synthesis of 4-thiazoledinone (4a-b) derivatives by cyclizing the synthesized Schiff bases through thioglycholic acid. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as FT IR, NMR and HRMS. The synthesized compounds were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant and in vivo cytotoxicity and hemolysis ability. The synthesized compounds displayed better antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and low toxicity in comparison to reference drugs and negative controls, respectively. The hemolysis test revealed the compounds exhibit lower hemolytic effects and hemolytic values are comparatively low and the safety of compounds is in comparison with standard drugs. Theoretical calculations were carried out by using the molecular operating environment (MOE) and Gaussian computing software and observations were in good agreement with the in vitro and in vivo biological activities. Petra/Osiris/Molinspiration (POM) results indicate the presence of three combined antibacterial, antiviral and antitumor pharmacophore sites. The molecular docking revealed the significant binding affinities and non-bonding interactions between the compounds and Erwinia Chrysanthemi (PDB ID: 1SHK). The molecular dynamics simulation under in silico physiological conditions revealed a stable conformation and binding pattern in a stimulating environment. HighlightsNew series of Thaiazolidin-4-one derivatives have been synthesized.Sonication and microwave techniques are used.Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and hemolysis activities were observed for all synthesized compounds.Molecular Docking and DFT/POM analyses have been predicted.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangar Ali Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Raparin, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Dara Muhammed Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Raparin, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | | | - Ajmal R Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | | | - Taibi Ben Hadda
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry & Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, Oujda, Morocco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal A Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarkar M A Kawsar
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Aziz Kalilur Rahiman
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sumeer Ahmed
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Magda H Abdellattif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malika Berredjem
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry LCOA, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Badji-Mokhtar - Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - S A Sheikh
- Department of physics, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Joazaizulfazli Jamalis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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Llah ST, Sharif S, Ullah S, Sheikh SA, Shah MA, Shafi OM, Dar T. Infective endocarditis surgery timing. Cardiovasc Revasc Med 2024; 58:16-22. [PMID: 37487789 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimum timing of surgical intervention in complicated left-sided infective endocarditis is not well established. Guidelines from various professional societies are not consistent regarding this. Data concerning this remains limited with conflicting results. METHODS The national inpatient database (NIS) was used to identify patients hospitalized from the year 2016 to 2020 for infective endocarditis and who underwent surgical intervention for complicated left-sided endocarditis. Primary and secondary outcomes were analyzed in patients who had surgical intervention within 7 days (early surgery group) and after 7 days (late surgery group) of the index hospitalization. RESULTS Primary outcome [composite of all-cause death, acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA), peripheral septic emboli, intracranial or intraspinal abscess, and cardiac arrest] was better in the early surgery group compared to the late surgery group 32.6 % vs 45.1 % [adjusted Odds ratio (aOR) = 0.59, 95 % Confidence interval (CI) = 0.52-0.67, P value ≪ 0.001]. This was mainly due to better incidence of acute CVA (15.7 %vs 24 %, aOR = 0.59, CI = 0.50-0.69, P value ≪ 0.001), peripheral septic emboli (18.5 % vs 27.3 %, aOR = 0.60, CI = 0.52-0.70, P value ≪ 0.001) and intracranial/intraspinal abscess (1.2 % vs 4.74 %, aOR = 0.24, CI = 0.14-0.38, P value ≪ 0.001). There is no difference in the incidence of all-cause in-hospital death (7.57 % vs 7.75 % aOR = 0.97, CI = 0.77-1.23, P value = 0.82) or cardiac arrest (3.4 % vs 3.54 %, aOR = 0.96, CI = 0.68-1.35, P value = 0.80). CONCLUSION Surgical intervention within 7 days of index hospitalization is associated with a better incidence of acute CVA, peripheral septic emboli, and intracranial or intraspinal abscess but not with a better incidence of all-cause in-hospital death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibghat Tul Llah
- CHI Saint Vincent Infirmary, 2 St Vincent Cir, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Sumaiya Sharif
- CHI Saint Vincent Hospital, 300 Werner St, Hot Springs, AR 71913, USA
| | - Sami Ullah
- International Medical College, Medical College Rd, Tongi 1711, Bangladesh
| | - Shoaib Altaf Sheikh
- ECU Health North Hospital, 250 Smith Church Rd, Roanoke Rapids, NC 27870, USA
| | - Mohamed Adil Shah
- Government Medical College, Karan Nagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Obeid M Shafi
- University of Arkansas, 2801 S University Ave, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Tawseef Dar
- University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Ave #1140, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Llah ST, Sharif S, Ullah S, Sheikh SA, Shah MA, Shafi OM, Dar T. TAVR vs balloon aortic valvotomy for severe aortic stenosis and cardiogenic shock: An insight from the National Inpatient Sample database. Cardiovasc Revasc Med 2023; 55:1-7. [PMID: 37208215 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe Aortic stenosis (AS) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) represents a grave clinical condition with limited treatment options. Evidence from small observation studies favors that Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) might be a feasible option in these patients in contrast to emergent Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty (BAV) which is associated with very high short and long-term mortality. METHODS 11,405 hospitalizations with severe AS complicated by CS between 2016 and 2020 were identified using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database, and patients were then stratified according to whether they received TAVR or BAV. Propensity-score matching was used to account for differences in the baseline characteristics. Primary and secondary outcomes were then compared between 3485 hospitalizations in direct TAVR group and with 3485 matched hospitalizations in the BAV group. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause in-hospital death, acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA), and myocardial infarction (MI). Secondary outcomes and safety outcomes were also compared between the two groups. RESULTS TAVR was associated with fewer primary outcomes events as compared to BAV {36.8 % vs 56.8 %, aOR (95%CI) = 0.38(0.30-0.47)}, due to fewer all-cause in-hospital deaths {17.8 % vs 38.9 %, aOR (95%CI) =0.34 (0.26-0.43)} and MI {12.3 % vs 32.4 %, aOR (95%CI) = 0.29 (0.22-0.39)}. TAVR was associated with higher rates of acute CVA {6.17 % vs 3.44 %, aOR (95%CI) = 1.84 (1.08-3.21)} and pacemaker implantation post procedure {11.9 % vs 6.03 %, aOR (95%CI) = 2.10 (1.41-3.18)}. CONCLUSION Direct TAVR in shock and severe Aortic stenosis is a better strategy than rescue Balloon aortic valvotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibghat Tul Llah
- CHI Saint Vincent Infirmary, 2 St Vincent Cir, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Sumaiya Sharif
- CHI Saint Vincent Hospital, 300 Werner St, Hot Springs, AR 71913, USA
| | - Sami Ullah
- International Medical College, Medical College Rd, Tongi 1711, Bangladesh
| | - Shoaib Altaf Sheikh
- ECU Health North Hospital, 250 Smith Church Rd, Roanoke Rapids, NC 27870, USA
| | - Mohamed Adil Shah
- Government Medical College, Karan Nagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Obeid M Shafi
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 2801 S University Ave, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Tawseef Dar
- University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Ave #1140, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Ahmed S, Bhat AR, Rahiman AK, Dongre RS, Hasan AH, Niranjan V, C L, Sheikh SA, Jamalis J, Berredjem M, Kawsar SMA. Green synthesis, antibacterial and antifungal evaluation of new thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives: molecular dynamic simulation, POM study and identification of antitumor pharmacophore sites. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37768136 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2258404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a series of thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives 3a-i were synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains of Bacillus licheniformis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Newly prepared thiazolidine (TZD) derivatives were further screened separately for in vitro antifungal activity against cultures of fungal species, namely, Aspergillus niger, Alternaria brassicicola, Chaetomium murorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Lycopodium sp. and Penicillium notatum. The electron-donating substituents (-OH and -OCH3) and electron-withdrawing substituents (-Cl and -NO2) on the attached arylidene moieties of five-membered heterocyclic ring enhanced the broad spectrum of antimicrobial and antifungal activities. The molecular docking study has revealed that compound 3h strongly interacts with the catalytic residues of the active site of the β-carbonic anhydrase (P. aeruginosa) and has the best docking score. In silico pharmacokinetics studies showed the drug-likeness and non-toxic nature of the synthesized compounds, which indicates the combined antibacterial, antiviral and antitumor pharmacophore sites of the targeted drug. This work demonstrates that potential TZD derivatives bind to different types of bacterial and fungal pathogens for circumventing their activities and opens avenues for the development of newer drug candidates that can target bacterial and fungal pathogens.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeer Ahmed
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Ajmal R Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - Aziz Kalilur Rahiman
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | - Aso Hameed Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Garmian, Kalar, Iraq
| | - Vidya Niranjan
- Department of Biotechnology, R V College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
| | - Lavanya C
- Department of Biotechnology, R V College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
| | - S A Sheikh
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Joazaizulfazli Jamalis
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Malika Berredjem
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry LCOA, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Badji-Mokhtar - Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Sarkar M A Kawsar
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry (LCNC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Changal K, Veria S, Mack S, Paternite D, Sheikh SA, Patel M, Mir T, Sheikh M, Ramanathan PK. Myocardial injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study, systematic review, and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:626. [PMID: 34972516 PMCID: PMC8719604 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The majority of studies evaluating the effect of myocardial injury on the survival of COVID-19 patients have been performed outside of the United States (U.S.). These studies have often utilized definitions of myocardial injury that are not guideline-based and thus, not applicable to the U.S. PATIENT POPULATION METHODS The current study is a two-part investigation of the effect of myocardial injury on the clinical outcome of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The first part is a retrospective analysis of 268 patients admitted to our healthcare system in Toledo, Ohio, U.S.; the second part is a systematic review and meta-analysis of all similar studies performed within the U.S. RESULTS In our retrospective analysis, patients with myocardial injury were older (mean age 73 vs. 59 years, P 0.001), more likely to have hypertension (86% vs. 67%, P 0.005), underlying cardiovascular disease (57% vs. 24%, P 0.001), and chronic kidney disease (26% vs. 10%, P 0.004). Myocardial injury was also associated with a lower likelihood of discharge to home (35% vs. 69%, P 0.001), and a higher likelihood of death (33% vs. 10%, P 0.001), acute kidney injury (74% vs. 30%, P 0.001), and circulatory shock (33% vs. 12%, P 0.001). Our meta-analysis included 12,577 patients from 8 U.S. states and 55 hospitals who were hospitalized with COVID-19, with the finding that myocardial injury was significantly associated with increased mortality (HR 2.43, CI 2.28-3.6, P 0.0005). The prevalence of myocardial injury ranged from 9.2 to 51%, with a mean prevalence of 27.2%. CONCLUSION Hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the U.S. have a high prevalence of myocardial injury, which was associated with poorer survival and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Changal
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Spiro Veria
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Sean Mack
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - David Paternite
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Shoaib Altaf Sheikh
- Internal Medicine, Nazareth Hospital (Trinity Health), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mitra Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Tanveer Mir
- Internal Medicine, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mujeeb Sheikh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Interventional Cardiology, Promedica Toledo Hospital, 2109 Hughes Dr, Jobst Tower 3rd Floor, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA.
| | - P Kasi Ramanathan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Interventional Cardiology, Promedica Toledo Hospital, 2109 Hughes Dr, Jobst Tower 3rd Floor, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
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Yousaf S, Sheikh SA, Riazuddin S, Waryah AM, Ahmed ZM. INPP5K variant causes autosomal recessive congenital cataract in a Pakistani family. Clin Genet 2018; 93:682-686. [PMID: 28940338 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Congenital cataract (CC) is clinically and genetically highly heterogeneous. Here, we enrolled a consanguineous kindred (LUCC15) from Pakistan, with 3 affected individuals suffering with CC. Exome sequencing revealed a transition mutation [c.149 T > C; p.(Ile50Thr)] in INPP5K. Inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase K, encoded by INPP5K, is involved in dephosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 4,5-bisphosphate, and PtdIns 3,4,5-trisphosphate. Recently, pathogenic variants in INPP5K have been reported in families with congenital muscular dystrophies, intellectual disability, and cataract. In our family LUCC15, mild to moderate intellectual disability along with speech impairment was observed in 2 affected individuals. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain and muscles tissues did not reveal any cerebellar or muscular atrophy. However, electromyography of both upper and lower limbs revealed irritable myopathy. Comparison of clinical phenotype of all the known affected individuals, including LUCC15 family, homozygous for INPP5K alleles revealed reduced penetrance of muscular dystrophy and intellectual disability. Similarly, skeletal muscle abnormalities were highly variable among inpp5ka zebrafish mutants analyzed in this study. These phenotypic variabilities may be due to epigenetic factors and/or genetic modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yousaf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - S A Sheikh
- Molecular Biology & Genetics Department, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - S Riazuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - A M Waryah
- Molecular Biology & Genetics Department, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Z M Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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Al-Mogairen SM, Al Sheikh A, Husain S, Al Arfaj AS, Al Swat K, Hamdani M, Hefnawy M, Al Mohimed B, Al Hammad AW, Adam M, Gad El Rab MO, Sheikh SA, Meo SA. Effect of exposure to silica in inducing autoimmune hepatitis: an experimental animal-controlled study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2015; 19:3881-3885. [PMID: 26531274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this experimental study is to investigate the effect of subcutaneous and oral sodium silicate in inducing the autoimmune hepatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve Brown Norway rats were studied, six rats were challenged with Sodium Silicate and the rest were challenged with normal saline as a control group. At 14th week post-sodium silicate or normal saline exposure, the rats were sacrificed. Histopathological studies were conducted in six positive autoantibodies responding silicate group rats and then compared with an equal number of negative autoantibodies responding control rats. RESULTS The liver findings from sodium silicate group of animals showed a histopathological reaction in 3/6 (50%) compared with 0/6 of the corresponding control saline group (p = 0.09). However, the absolute differences in the percentage between the two groups was 50%, the subcutaneous sodium silicate sub-group showed hepatic tissue response close to being statistically significant level (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS After correlating the results with autoantibodies including serum antinuclear antibodies and anti ribo-nucleoprotein response of the same rats, it is concluded that sodium silicate play a role in inducing the autoimmune hepatitis in a genetically susceptible rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Al-Mogairen
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Immunology, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Department of Physiology; College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Meo SA, Memon AN, Sheikh SA, Rouq FA, Usmani AM, Hassan A, Arian SA. Effect of environmental air pollution on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2015; 19:123-128. [PMID: 25635985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Air pollution is a novel risk factor for insulin resistance and occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the evidence is limited and diverse. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of environmental air pollution on incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS In this study, we identified 102 published studies through a systematic data base search including ISI-Web of Science, EMBASE and PubMed. We searched the related literature by using the key terms including diabetes mellitus, air pollution, occupational and environmental pollution, gaseous, NO2, particulate matter pollutants PM2.5, and PM10. Studies in which diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, air pollution, occupational and environmental pollution was discussed were included in the study. No confines on publication status, study design or language of publication were considered. Descriptive and quantitative information were extracted from the selected literature. Finally we included 21 publications and remaining studies were excluded. RESULTS Air pollution is a leading cause of insulin resistance and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The association between air pollution and diabetes is stronger for traffic associated pollutants, gaseous, nitrogen dioxide, tobacco smoke and particulate matter. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to air pollutants is significantly associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is suggested that, environmental protection officials must take high priority steps to minimize the air pollution, hence to decrease the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Meo
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, University Diabetes Centre; College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Pardo JV, Sheikh SA, Kuskowski MA, Surerus-Johnson C, Hagen MC, Lee JT, Rittberg BR, Adson DE. Weight loss during chronic, cervical vagus nerve stimulation in depressed patients with obesity: an observation. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007; 31:1756-9. [PMID: 17563762 PMCID: PMC2365729 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Fourteen patients were treated over 2 years with cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for adjunctive therapy of severe, treatment-resistant depression. Here, we report the serendipitous observation that this treatment was associated with highly significant, gradual weight loss despite the patients' report of not dieting or exercising. The weight loss was proportional to the initial BMI, that is, the more severe the obesity, the greater the weight loss. Weight loss did not correlate with changes in mood symptoms. The vagus nerve carries visceral information to and from the brain; modulation of its activity may alter eating behavior. Chronic cervical VNS may merit controlled study for the treatment of severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Pardo
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit (11P), Psychiatry Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In developing countries, patients with infective endocarditis are referred late, there is low yield of blood cultures and incidence of rheumatic heart disease is still high. OBJECTIVE Evaluate clinical pattern, assess diagnostic criteria in our settings and determine outcome. SETTING A tertiary referral center for paediatric and adult cardiology. PATIENTS AND METHODS All children with infective endocarditis admitted to a single center from April 1997 to March 2000 were analysed. The diagnosis was based on Duke's criteria, which proposed two major and six minor criteria. Minor criteria were expanded to include raised acute phase reactants and presence of newly diagnosed or increasing splenomegally. The patients were stratified as definite, possible and rejected cases. RESULTS Of 1402 hospital admissions, 45 patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for infective endocarditis giving an incidence of 32 per 1000 hospital admissions. The mean age was 7.9 +/- 4 years (4 months to 16 years) with only two patients under 1 year of age. Rheumatic heart disease was the underlying lesion in 24 patients (53%) while congenital heart lesions occurred in 20 patients (45%). Previous antibiotic treatment was given in 26 patients (58%) definitely. Blood cultures were positive in 21 patients (47%); Streptococcus Viridans being the most common organism, while vegetations on echocardiography were present in 32 patients (71%). Surgery was undertaken in four patients and five patients left against medical advise. Of 10 patients with aortic valve involvement, there were three deaths (30%) and overall mortality was 13% (six patients). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of infective endocarditis is 32 per 1000 (3.2%) hospital admissions in a tertiary paediatric cardiology referral center. Rheumatic heart disease is still the most common underlying heart lesion. Blood cultures are positive in less than 50% of cases and echocardiography in expert hands is a more sensitive tool in our set up. Mortality is still high and aortic valve involvement in particular, carried poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sadiq
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Old RW, Sheikh SA, Chambers A, Newton CA, Mohammed A, Aldridge TC. Individual Xenopus histone genes are replication-independent in oocytes and replication-dependent in Xenopus or mouse somatic cells. Nucleic Acids Res 1985; 13:7341-58. [PMID: 4059058 PMCID: PMC322048 DOI: 10.1093/nar/13.20.7341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have assessed the response of many histone H3 mRNAs and an H1C mRNA in Xenopus tissue culture cells after treatment with the DNA synthesis inhibitor hydroxyurea. The amount of the histone mRNAs falls rapidly in response to the inhibitor. This response is prevented by cycloheximide. Cloned Xenopus histone genes were transfected into mouse cells and a cell line was obtained in which the Xenopus genes were actively expressed giving rise to mRNA with correct 5'-termini. The Xenopus genes were correctly regulated at the level of mRNA amounts in the mouse cell line. Nuclear microinjection experiments with Xenopus oocytes and S1 nuclease analysis of normal ovary RNA showed that the H1C gene, and probably also two H3 genes, which are replication-dependent in somatic cells are expressed in oocytes and are therefore replication-independent in this cell type. The same promoters are used in both replication-dependent and independent expression.
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