Jayaswal SK, Singh S, Malik PS, Venigalla SK, Gupta P, Samaga SN, Hota RN, Bhatia SS, Gupta I. Detrimental effect of diabetes and hypertension on the severity and mortality of COVID-19 infection: A multi-center case-control study from India.
Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021;
15:102248. [PMID:
34412000 PMCID:
PMC8364674 DOI:
10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102248]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS
This study aims to find a quantitative association between the presence of co-existing diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or hypertension (HTN) with COVID-19 infection severity and mortality.
METHODS
A total of 813 patients with a positive COVID-19 were included. A case-control design was used to dissect the association between DM and HTN with COVID-19 severity and mortality.
RESULTS
According to MOHFW guidelines, 535 (65.7%) patients had mild, 160 (19.7%) patients had moderate, and 118 (14.5%) patients had severe disease outcomes including mortality in 52 patients. Age, Neutrophil%, and Diabetes status were significantly associated with severe COVID-19 infection. After adjusting for age, patients with diabetes were 2.46 times more likely to have severe disease (Chi-squared = 18.89, p-value<0.0001) and 2.11 times more likely to have a fatal outcome (Chi-squared = 6.04, p-value = 0.014). However, we did not find evidence for Hypertension modifying the COVID-19 outcomes in Diabetic patients.
CONCLUSION
COVID-19 severity and mortality both were significantly associated with the status of DM and its risk may not be modified by the presence of HTN.
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