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Manirambona E, Khan SH, Siddiq A, Albakri K, Salamah HM, Hassan NAIF, Musa SS, Dhama K. Intriguing insight into unanswered questions about Mpox: exploring health policy implications and considerations. Health Res Policy Syst 2024; 22:37. [PMID: 38520018 PMCID: PMC10960492 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-024-01123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The 2022 multi-country Monkeypox (Mpox) outbreak has added concerns to scientific research. However, unanswered questions about the disease remain. These unanswered questions lie in different aspects, such as transmission, the affected community, clinical presentations, infection and prevention control and treatment and vaccination. It is imperative to address these issues to stop the spread and transmission of disease. We documented unanswered questions with Mpox and offered suggestions that could help put health policy into practice. One of those questions is why gay, bisexual or other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) are the most affected community, underscoring the importance of prioritizing this community regarding treatment, vaccination and post-exposure prophylaxis. In addition, destigmatizing gbMSM and implementing community-based gbMSM consultation and action alongside ethical surveillance can facilitate other preventive measures such as ring vaccination to curb disease transmission and track vaccine efficacy. Relevant to that, vaccine and drug side effects have implied the questionability of their use and stimulated the importance of health policy development regarding expanded access and off-label use, expressing the need for safe drug and vaccine development manufacturing. The possibility of reverse zoonotic has also been raised, thus indicating the requirement to screen not only humans, but also their related animals to understand the real magnitude of reverse zoonosis and its potential risks. Implementing infection prevention and control measures to stop the virus circulation at the human-animal interface that includes One Health approach is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emery Manirambona
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
| | | | | | - Khaled Albakri
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | | | | | | | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
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Shallangwa MM, Bello HM, Musa SS, Iwenya HC, Hamid RM, Hussaini M. Sociodemographic factors associated with acceptance of index case testing among newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus-positive clients in southern borno, Nigeria. Int J STD AIDS 2024; 35:4-10. [PMID: 37678957 DOI: 10.1177/09564624231199521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to explore the sociodemographic factors associated with the acceptance of index case testing (ICT) among newly diagnosed people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Southern Borno, Nigeria. METHODS The study involved four healthcare facilities providing antiretroviral therapy (ART) services in Southern Borno, Nigeria. Secondary data from the index case testing register were collected between April 2022 and April 2023. Categorical variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses was used to determine the factors associated with ICT acceptance, using a 95% confidence interval and significance level of p ≤ .05. RESULTS Among the 302 index cases offered ICT, the acceptance rate was 69.5%. Individuals aged 25-49 years (AOR: 0.294, 95% CI: 0.098-0.775) and 50 years and above (AOR: 0.210, 95% CI: 0.046-0.862) were less likely to accept ICT compared to those aged 18-24 years. Married individuals were 38.86 times more likely to accept ICT than those who were single and never married (AOR: 38.856, 95% CI: 12.620-171.674). CONCLUSION The study shows high ICT acceptance among newly diagnosed PLHIV in Southern Borno, with age and marital status as significant factors. These findings can guide targeted interventions to enhance ICT acceptance and enhance HIV care and prevention strategies in the region.
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Nathan Ezie K, Amekpor F, Scott GY, Andigema AS, Musa SS, Takoutsing BD, Lucero-Prisno III DE. Healthcare Workers' Safety; A Necessity for a Robust Health System. Ann Glob Health 2023; 89:57. [PMID: 37692379 PMCID: PMC10487170 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It is a prevalent misconception that healthcare professionals are specialists and thus can effectively manage their health. This is probably true, but given recent pandemics and the rise in violence in medical settings, one is compelled to question whether their health and safety are sufficient for a robust healthcare system. This is important because protecting and promoting the health, safety, and well-being of health workers will improve the quality of patient care and increase the resilience of health services in the face of outbreaks and public health emergencies. We thus strive to answer this question and suggest potential remedies to this growing public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Nathan Ezie
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Garoua, Garoua, CM
- Research Division, Winners Foundation, Yaounde, CM
| | - Felix Amekpor
- Department of Medical Diagnostics Institution, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Godfred Yawson Scott
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
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Musa SM, Haruna UA, Manirambona E, Eshun G, Ahmad DM, Dada DA, Gololo AA, Musa SS, Abdulkadir AK, Lucero-Prisno III DE. Paucity of Health Data in Africa: An Obstacle to Digital Health Implementation and Evidence-Based Practice. Public Health Rev 2023; 44:1605821. [PMID: 37705873 PMCID: PMC10495562 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2023.1605821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Among the numerous challenges that Africa faces in improving its healthcare systems, the paucity of health data stands out as paramount. This study aims to examine the challenges related to the paucity of health data in Africa and its impact on the implementation of digital health and evidence-based practice. The findings of the study reveal that health data availability in Africa is both limited and frequently of poor quality. Several factors contribute to this concerning situation, encompassing inadequate infrastructure, a shortage of resources, and cultural barriers. Furthermore, the available data, despite its limitations, is often underutilized due to a lack of capacity and expertise in data analysis and interpretation. Policy Options and Recommendations: To improve healthcare delivery in Africa, we recommend implementing novel strategies for data collection. It's important to recognize that effective information technology service is crucial for enhancing healthcare delivery, and a holistic approach is necessary to achieve this. Conclusion: This brief presents information to help policymakers develop long-term solutions to Africa's health data poverty. Taking action based on this evidence can assist in addressing the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Usman Abubakar Haruna
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Emery Manirambona
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Gilbert Eshun
- Seventh-Day Adventist Hospital, Agona-Asamang, Ghana
| | | | - David Adelekan Dada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed Adamu Gololo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno III
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Ogunkola IO, Abiodun OE, Bale BI, Elebesunu EE, Ujam SB, Umeh IC, Tom-James M, Musa SS, Manirambona E, Evardone SB, Lucero-Prisno DE. Monkeypox vaccination in the global south: Fighting a war without a weapon. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health 2023; 22:101313. [PMID: 37220529 PMCID: PMC10195808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2023.101313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Mpox outbreak awakened countries worldwide to renew efforts in epidemiological surveillance and vaccination of susceptible populations. In terms of Mpox vaccination, various challenges exist in the global south, which impede adequate vaccine coverage, especially in Africa. This paper reviewed the situation of Mpox vaccination in the global south and potential ameliorative approaches. Methods A review of online literature from PubMed and Google Scholar concerning Mpox vaccination in countries belonging to the 'global south' category was done between August and September, 2022. The major focus areas included inequity in global vaccine distribution, challenges impeding vaccine coverage in the global south, and potential strategies for bridging the gap in vaccine equity. The papers that met the inclusion criteria were collated and narratively discussed. Results Our analysis revealed that, while the high-income countries secured large supplies of the Mpox vaccines, the low- and middle-income countries were unable to independently access substantial quantities of the vaccine and had to rely on vaccine donations from high-income countries, as was the case during the COVID-19 pandemic. The challenges in the global south particularly revolved around inadequate vaccine production capacity due to lack of qualified personnel and specialized infrastructure for full vaccine development and manufacturing, limited cold chain equipment for vaccine distribution, and consistent vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion To tackle the trend of vaccine inequity in the global south, African governments and international stakeholders must invest properly in adequate production and dissemination of Mpox vaccines in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mfoniso Tom-James
- Department of Public Health, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | | | - Emery Manirambona
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Eshun G, Haruna UA, Musa SS, Manirambona E, Dwomoh T, Kangwerema A, Lucero-Prisno DE. The Gambian cough syrup tragedy: The need for more pharmaceutical industries in Africa. Int J Health Plann Manage 2023. [PMID: 37016551 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Eshun
- Seventh-Day Adventist Hospital, Agona-Asamang, Ghana
| | - Usman Abubakar Haruna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine (NUSOM), Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Emery Manirambona
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Thomas Dwomoh
- Seventh-Day Adventist Hospital, Agona-Asamang, Ghana
| | | | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Haruna UA, Musa SS, Manirambona E, Musa II, Lucero-Prisno DE. Real-world evidence: What is it and why does it matter to pharmacists? Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2023.101229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Musa SS, Haruna UA, Emery M, Shallangwa MM, Hamid MR, Buwa GM, Lucero-Prisno DE. The public health implications of the oil discovery in Northern Nigeria. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2023.101276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
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Haruna UA, Musa SS, Manirambona E, Iliya RS, Lucero-PrisnoIII DE. Nigeria’s new mental health bill: An opportunity to fight the stigma against mental illness? Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2023.101248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Manirambona E, Felicilda Lopez JC, Nduwimana C, Okesanya OJ, Mbonimpaye R, Musa SS, Usman AH, Lucero-Prisno DE. Healthcare workers and monkeypox: The case for risk mitigation. Int J Surg Open 2023; 50:100584. [PMID: 36573201 PMCID: PMC9744520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijso.2022.100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Potentially more at risk of contracting the monkeypox virus are healthcare workers. Most healthcare workers come into direct contact with the disease's infected people, which can spread directly and indirectly. Healthcare professionals must contact patients with the disease and any infected objects or fluids to effectively manage the disease, which further increases the risk of transmission. It is crucial to put safety measures in place and protect healthcare workers. To stop the spread of the monkeypox virus, countries must develop the necessary safeguards and countermeasures. In this emergency, healthcare systems must be strengthened. All healthcare systems should offer staff sufficient personal protective equipment (PPE) and facilitate risk assessment among those with a high risk of exposure. Any suspected case of monkeypox requires caution on the part of healthcare professionals. They must abide by infection control safety rules and protective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emery Manirambona
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Colyse Nduwimana
- Gender, Sexual and Reproductive Health Option, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | | | | | - Abubakar Haruna Usman
- Department of Biomedical Science, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nursultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Manirambona E, Shomuyiwa DO, Musa SS, Lucero-Prisno DE. Monkeypox among men who have sex with men in Africa: The need for testing and vaccination beyond stigma. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28121. [PMID: 36056579 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emery Manirambona
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali City, Rwanda
| | | | | | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Haruna UA, Musa SS, Manirambona E, Lucero-Prisno DE, Sarría-Santamera A. Monkeypox: Is the world ready for another pandemic? Front Public Health 2022; 10:1001155. [PMID: 36311631 PMCID: PMC9610551 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1001155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As the world continues to endure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, an outbreak of Monkeypox occurs and continues to spread unabatedly. The double-stranded DNA monkeypox virus is a sylvatic zoonosis, which occasionally infects humans and is a member of the genus Orthopoxviruses. Although scientists believed the virus to have low transmissibility, the speed and degree with which it spreads is alarming and could land one in a hospital or even kill one. Additionally, the fact that unusual transmissions are occurring among people without travel history to endemic regions suggests undetected transmissions, raising concerns about our preparedness for another pandemic. Contrary to the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a vaccine that could offer some protection against the monkeypox virus. Therefore, there is a need for coordinated efforts among authorities concerned and community-based organizations to raise awareness of the potential pandemic of monkeypox, activate surveillance systems and laboratory capacity, and heighten contact tracing and vaccination of at-risk individuals to stem the outbreak while there is still the opportunity to prevent it from becoming a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Abubakar Haruna
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan,*Correspondence: Usman Abubakar Haruna
| | - Shuaibu Saidu Musa
- Global Health Focus Africa, Abuja, Nigeria,Department of Nursing Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Emery Manirambona
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Plymoth M, Mogessie YG, Mohammed I, Mengesha D, Wang M, Musa SS, Bekele BK, Tatere HY, Musa MB, Lucero-Prisno, III DE. Conflict, community, and COVID-19: response and implications in Ethiopia. J Public Health Afr 2022; 13:1957. [PMID: 36277946 PMCID: PMC9585601 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2022.1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Community transmission of COVID-19 is currently on the rise in Ethiopia, while availability of diagnostic and treatment services remains limited. Impaired access to essential services is affected by the pandemic’s strain on the health system, and as a consequence of the country’s public health response. The ongoing conflict in the Tigray Region provides another obstacle to accessing and providing care for the local population; and has displaced large numbers of people both within and outside the country. In this commentary we discuss the impact of the conflict on essential services and argue that a coordinated holistic response is essential to mitigate both short and long-term consequences of the conflict, including increased COVID-19 transmission, acute malnutrition, disruption of education services, displacement of people, and food insecurities. We highlight the important role of community engagement in prevention and early detection of these challenges, and the need for comprehensive interventions in the region.
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Shomuyiwa DO, Lucero‐Prisno DE, Manirambona E, Suleman MH, Rayan RA, Huang J, Zaw TN, Babatunde Y, Denkyira SA, Musa SS. Curbing antimicrobial resistance in post‐COVID Africa: Challenges, actions and recommendations. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e771. [PMID: 35949681 PMCID: PMC9358668 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial self‐medication and use have significantly increased in the COVID‐19 era—increasing antibiotic consumption and resulting in a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Africa (AMR). We conducted a narrative review to investigate challenges associated with curbing AMR in a post‐COVID‐19 setting in Africa, suggesting practical measures applicable for policy‐informed implementation. Method A narrative review was performed to pinpoint AMR challenges and actions on the African continent. A comprehensive search was conducted in the scientific databases that include PubMed, PubMed Central and Google Scholar using predetermined search terms. Results The emergence of the COVID‐19 outbreak has added to the challenges of tackling AMR on the continent, which has jeopardized AMR interventions' hard‐won gains. Identified challenges have been Health systems disruption, Irrational Antimicrobial Use, Weak Antimicrobials Regulatory Ecosystem, Inefficient Population Infection Prevention, and Control Practices, Inadequate access to Health Services and data challenge on AMR surveillance. Conclusion The COVID‐19 pandemic fueled AMR in Africa. There is a need for AMR control post‐COVID, such as measures for ongoing antimicrobial stewardship and good infection control practices. Further, curbing AMR requires rigorous regulatory enforcement and efficient AMR Surveillance. There should be a body to raise AMR awareness among the population. Research, Innovation and Technology could play an essential role supported by capacity building and global partnership.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Don Eliseo Lucero‐Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK
- Faculty of Management and Development Studies University of the Philippines, Open University Los Baños Laguna Philippines
- Faculty of Public Health Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Emery Manirambona
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda Kigali Rwanda
| | - Mohamed Hoosen Suleman
- Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine University of KwaZulu‐Natal Durban South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa Durban South Africa
| | - Rehab A. Rayan
- Department of Epidemiology, High institute of Public Health Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Junjie Huang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong PR China
| | - Thaint Nadi Zaw
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Yusuf Babatunde
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria
| | - Salomey Asaah Denkyira
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Shuaibu Saidu Musa
- Department of Nursing Sciences Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
- Global Health Focus Africa Abuja Nigeria
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Musa SS, Ezie KN, Scott GY, Shallangwa MM, Ibrahim AM, Olajide TN, Hameed MA, Lucero-Prisno DE. The challenges of addressing the cholera outbreak in Cameroon. Public Health Pract (Oxf) 2022; 4:100295. [PMID: 36570392 PMCID: PMC9773049 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholera is an enteric disease caused by the ingestion of food or water contaminated by the toxins of the bacteria - Vibrio Cholerae. Its transmission is exacerbated by poor sanitary conditions and poor hygiene practices. Affected individuals may present with severe symptoms such as watery diarrhoea and vomiting that can lead to death within few hours. Cameroon is experiencing its worst cholera outbreak in decades. The outbreak is severest in the South-West and the Littoral regions. As of the time of writing, in six regions of the country, 6652 suspected cases of cholera including 134 deaths (CFR 2%) have been reported and the number is rising. Shortage of safe drinking water and contamination of rivers has exacerbated the outbreak, especially in the rural and hard to reach communities. The trans-border movement at the South-West region, defecation in the open and on rivers, and overcrowding at the Littoral region have been particularly challenging towards curbing the outbreak. Despite the challenges, Cameroon's health authorities have been working to bring the situation under control by engaging in community sensitization on good hygiene habits, disinfection of houses and vaccination campaigns. In the light of these, it is recommended that Cameroon should improve and strengthen its vaccination campaign across the country. Adequate health systems should be established at the point of entry to prevent cross-border cholera transmission and retransmission. Access to hard to reach communities should be improved so that vaccines and basic health care and sanitation services such as provision of safe drinking water can be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibu Saidu Musa
- Department of Nursing Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria,Corresponding author.
| | - Kengo Nathan Ezie
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Garoua, Garoua, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom,Faculty of Management and Development Studies, University of the Philippines Open University, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines,Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wada YH, Musa SS, Musa SK, Musa MK, Bakabe TI, Abdullahi AK, Ahmadi A, Lucero-Prisno DE. COVID-19 AND INSECURITY IN NORTHERN NIGERIA. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 16:1-7. [PMID: 35357299 PMCID: PMC9095854 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Northern Nigeria is currently facing a twin crisis of both COVID-19 and insecurity. They have made it difficult for the people to follow government containment efforts to control the pandemic and also have impacted on the socioeconomic and health aspects of the society. We have discussed on the impact of insecurity amid COVID-19 in Northern Nigeria. It is opined that if the insecurity in Northern Nigeria is not tackled, it will expose the region to more escalation of cases and deaths. Thus, it is recommended that proactive steps should be implemented by all stakeholders concerned to tackle insecurity, particularly the government to revive the security architecture, provide an environment for training and retraining of all security personnel and enhancing intelligence gathering to pave the way for resolving this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Hassan Wada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Management and Development Studies, University of the Philippines (Open University), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
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Musa SS, Gyeltshen D, Manirambona E, Ayuba D, Lucero-Prisno DE. The new COVID-19 omicron variant: Africa must watch its spread! Clin Epidemiol Glob Health 2022; 13:100961. [PMID: 35039799 PMCID: PMC8755411 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibu Saidu Musa
- Department of Nursing Science, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.,Global Health Focus, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Dawa Gyeltshen
- Eusa Hospital, Ministry of Health, WangduePhodrang, Bhutan
| | | | - Dauda Ayuba
- Department of Local Government and Development Studies, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Management and Development Studies, University of the Philippines Open University, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
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18
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Musa SS, Lucero-Prisno Iii DE. The role of nurses in global maritime health. Int Marit Health 2022; 73:227-228. [PMID: 36583412 DOI: 10.5603/imh.2022.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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19
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Musa SS, Gyeltshen D, Manirambona E, Wada YH, Sani AF, Ullah I, Lucero-Prisno DE. Dual tension as Nigeria battles cholera during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health 2021; 12:100913. [PMID: 34849426 PMCID: PMC8619942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibu Saidu Musa
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.,Global Health Focus, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Dawa Gyeltshen
- Eusa Hospital, Ministry of Health, Wangdue Phodrang, Bhutan
| | | | - Yusuf Hassan Wada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | | | - Irfan Ullah
- Faculty of Medicine, Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Wada YH, Musa MK, Musa SS, Khalid GM, Lucero Prisno DE. Dual burden of COVID-19 and TB in Africa. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health 2021; 12:100847. [PMID: 34545345 PMCID: PMC8443389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Hassan Wada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- West African Academy of Public Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Garba M Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Don Eliseo Lucero Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Management and Development Studies, University of the Philippines (Open University), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
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21
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Musa SS, Odey GO, Musa MK, Alhaj SM, Sunday BA, Muhammad SM, Lucero-Prisno DE. Early marriage and teenage pregnancy: The unspoken consequences of COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Public Health Pract (Oxf) 2021; 2:100152. [PMID: 34494012 PMCID: PMC8411836 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2021.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Early marriage and its sad consequences to the girl child and socio-economic development of the nation has been an age-long issue being advocated against in many parts of Nigeria. At the onset of COVID-19, the teeming efforts to curb this issue almost got jeopardized with harsh economic situations in many households due to the lockdown and the willingness to marry off their girls to reduce this burden. Closure of schools and cases of sexual gender based violence also impacted the prevalence of early marriage during the pandemic in Nigeria. We also argue in this commentary that the pandemic has so much impacted on programs aimed at ending early marriage in the nation. Therefore, if serious and concerted efforts are not taken by relevant stakeholders, more girls will be at risk of early marriage and teenage pregnancy with their related health consequences. They will also be left behind in fulfilling their potentials and their aspirations cut off with early marriage, thus sustainable development cannot be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Wong K, Ullah I, Taseer AR, Irfan M, Almas T, Musa SS. Dual tension: Lassa fever and COVID-19 in Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 18:100697. [PMID: 34179327 PMCID: PMC8219472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2021.100697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Wong
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, USA
| | - I Ullah
- Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - A R Taseer
- Internal Medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M Irfan
- Internal Medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - T Almas
- Internal Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
| | - S S Musa
- Department of Nursing Science, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria
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23
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Nzeribe E, Michael UE, Musa SS, Marc MB, David S, Bassey EE, Essar MY, Adebisi YA, Lucero-Prisno DE. COVID-19 and its impacts: The situation in Niger republic. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health 2021; 11:100797. [PMID: 34095612 PMCID: PMC8163563 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 being a public health emergency of international concern has emerged in most African countries including Niger. Niger, a landlocked country, is tasked with controlling the pandemic. However, of the big challenges the country faced is the fragility of healthcare system which posed limitations to the fight against the virus. The virus overwhelmed the fragile healthcare system which led to inaccessibility of quality healthcare to the citizens coupled with issues of flooding and economic recession that happened during the pandemic. The healthcare sectored has further been crippled by exposure and infection of the already insufficient healthcare workers. In addition to this, there was the burden of NTDs and other communicable and non-communicable diseases that subverted the country in the depths of difficulties. As per the predictions of World Bank, the poverty curve is likely to escalate due to the outrageous impacts of COVID-19. Adding on to this, the occurrence of natural disasters such as flooding has further stretched the country. It's no coincidence that the country would confront plethora of challenges amidst the second wave. Therefore, timely decision and necessary interventions are needed to strengthen the country's fight against the pandemic. However, this is only feasible when Nigerien government, international allies and other wealthy nations work closely to ensure that the challenges faced by the healthcare system are tackled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuella Nzeribe
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - Success David
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Mohammad Yasir Essar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan.,Medical Research Center, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan
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24
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Gyeltshen D, Musa SS, Amesho JN, Ewelike SC, Bayoh AVS, Al-Sammour C, Camua AA, Lin X, Lowe M, Ahmadi A, Ntacyabukura B, Adebisi YA, Lucero-Prisno DE. COVID-19: A novel burden on the fragile health system of Angola. J Glob Health 2021; 11:03059. [PMID: 33828839 PMCID: PMC8021071 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.03059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dawa Gyeltshen
- Eusa Hospital, Ministry of Health, Wangdue Phodrang, Bhutan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Angel Anthony Camua
- College of Education, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mat Lowe
- Society for the Study of Women's Health (SSWH), Kombo North District, The Gambia
| | | | | | | | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Faculty of Management and Development Studies, University of the Philippines (Open University), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
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