1
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Kumar M, Kumar S, Chakrabartty S, Poulose A, Mostafa H, Goyal B. Dispersive Modeling of Normal and Cancerous Cervical Cell Responses to Nanosecond Electric Fields in Reversible Electroporation Using a Drift-Step Rectifier Diode Generator. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:2136. [PMID: 38138305 PMCID: PMC10745406 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper creates an approximate three-dimensional model for normal and cancerous cervical cells using image processing and computer-aided design (CAD) tools. The model is then exposed to low-frequency electric pulses to verify the work with experimental data. The transmembrane potential, pore density, and pore radius evolution are analyzed. This work adds a study of the electrodeformation of cells under an electric field to investigate cytoskeleton integrity. The Maxwell stress tensor is calculated for the dispersive bi-lipid layer plasma membrane. The solid displacement is calculated under electric stress to observe cytoskeleton integrity. After verifying the results with previous experiments, the cells are exposed to a nanosecond pulsed electric field. The nanosecond pulse is applied using a drift-step rectifier diode (DSRD)-based generator circuit. The cells' transmembrane voltage (TMV), pore density, pore radius evolution, displacement of the membrane under electric stress, and strain energy are calculated. A thermal analysis of the cells under a nanosecond pulse is also carried out to prove that it constitutes a non-thermal process. The results showed differences in normal and cancerous cell responses to electric pulses due to changes in morphology and differences in the cells' electrical and mechanical properties. This work is a model-driven microdosimetry method that could be used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kumar
- Technical Research Analyst (TRA), Electronics/Biomedical Engineering, Aranca, Mumbai 400076, Maharastra, India;
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Shubhro Chakrabartty
- School of Computer Science Engineering and Applications, D Y Patil International University, Pune 411044, Maharastra, India
| | - Alwin Poulose
- School of Data Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Hala Mostafa
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bhawna Goyal
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India;
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2
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Chakrabartty S, Almawgani AHM, Kumar S, Kumar M, Acharjee S, Al-Shidaifat A, Poulose A, Alsuwian T. Versatility Investigation of Grown Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Their Comparative Charge Storage for Memristor Devices. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1616. [PMID: 37630152 PMCID: PMC10456393 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Memristive devices have garnered significant attention in the field of electronics over the past few decades. The reason behind this immense interest lies in the ubiquitous nature of memristive dynamics within nanoscale devices, offering the potential for revolutionary applications. These applications span from energy-efficient memories to the development of physical neural networks and neuromorphic computing platforms. In this research article, the angle toppling technique (ATT) was employed to fabricate titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles with an estimated size of around 10 nm. The nanoparticles were deposited onto a 50 nm SiOx thin film (TF), which was situated on an n-type Si substrate. Subsequently, the samples underwent annealing processes at temperatures of 550 °C and 950 °C. The structural studies of the sample were done by field emission gun-scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM) (JEOL, JSM-7600F). The as-fabricated sample exhibited noticeable clusters of nanoparticles, which were less prominent in the samples annealed at 550 °C and 950 °C. The element composition revealed the presence of titanium (Ti), oxygen (O2), and silicon (Si) from the substrate within the samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the as-fabricated sample predominantly consisted of the rutile phase. The comparative studies of charge storage and endurance measurements of as-deposited, 550 °C, and 950 °C annealed devices were carried out, where as-grown device showed promising responses towards brain computing applications. Furthermore, the teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) technique was used to conduct further comparisons of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhro Chakrabartty
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation University (K L College of Engineering), Vaddeswaram 522302, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 66439, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mayank Kumar
- Technical Research Analyst (TRA), Electronics/Biomedical Engineering, Aranca, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Suvojit Acharjee
- Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Narula Institute of Technology, Agarpara, Kolkata 700109, West Bengal, India;
| | - Alaaddin Al-Shidaifat
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Centre for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea;
| | - Alwin Poulose
- School of Data Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India;
| | - Turki Alsuwian
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 66439, Saudi Arabia;
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3
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Raheja DK, Kumar S, Chakrabartty S, Kanaujia BK. Design and Development of a Triple-Band Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Antenna for Sensing Applications. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:2240. [PMID: 36557538 PMCID: PMC9785052 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this article, a triple-band quad-element stacked multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is proposed for sensing applications. Each radiating element of the presented MIMO antenna consists of a diagonally truncated square patch, which is proximity coupled to the elliptical radiating patch. The proposed MIMO antenna is designed to resonate for three frequencies (4.2, 4.8, and 5.8 GHz) in the C-band range. The antenna shows circular polarization characteristics at 4.2 and 4.8 GHz frequencies. Each stacked element of the proposed antenna is excited independently through a 50 Ω coaxial feed. The Rogers RT Duroid/5880 dielectric substrate is used for the fabrication of two layers of the stacked MIMO antenna. The presented stacked MIMO antenna simulation and experimental outcomes are in good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Raheja
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology (East Campus), Delhi 110031, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Shubhro Chakrabartty
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, K L University, Vijayawada 522302, India
| | - Binod Kumar Kanaujia
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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4
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Biswas M, Saba L, Chakrabartty S, Khanna NN, Song H, Suri HS, Sfikakis PP, Mavrogeni S, Viskovic K, Laird JR, Cuadrado-Godia E, Nicolaides A, Sharma A, Viswanathan V, Protogerou A, Kitas G, Pareek G, Miner M, Suri JS. Two-stage artificial intelligence model for jointly measurement of atherosclerotic wall thickness and plaque burden in carotid ultrasound: A screening tool for cardiovascular/stroke risk assessment. Comput Biol Med 2020; 123:103847. [PMID: 32768040 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MOTIVATION The early screening of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) can lead to effective treatment. Thus, accurate and reliable atherosclerotic carotid wall detection and plaque measurements are crucial. Current measurement methods are time-consuming and do not utilize the power of knowledge-based paradigms such as artificial intelligence (AI). We present an AI-based methodology for the joint automated detection and measurement of wall thickness and carotid plaque (CP) in the form of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and total plaque area (TPA), a class of AtheroEdge™ system (AtheroPoint™, CA, USA). METHOD The novel system consists of two stages, and each stage comprises an independent deep learning (DL) model. In Stage I, the first DL model segregates the common carotid artery (CCA) patches from ultrasound (US) images into the rectangular wall and non-wall patches. The characterized wall patches are integrated to form the region of interest (ROI), which is then fed into Stage II. In Stage II, the second DL model segments the far wall region. Lumen-intima (LI) and media-adventitial (MA) boundaries are then extracted from the wall region, which is then used for cIMT and PA measurement. RESULTS Using the database of 250 carotid scans, the cIMT error using the AI model is 0.0935±0.0637 mm, which is lower than those of all previous methods. The PA error is found to be 2.7939±2.3702 mm2. The system's correlation coefficient (CC) between AI and ground truth (GT) values for cIMT is 0.99 (p < 0.0001), which is higher compared with the CC of 0.96 (p < 0.0001) shown by the earlier DL method. The CC for PA between AI and GT values is 0.89 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION A novel AI-based strategy was applied to carotid US images for the joint detection of carotid wall thickness (cWT) and plaque area (PA), followed by cIMT and PA measurement. This AI-based strategy shows improved performance using the patch technique compared with previous methods using full carotid scans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, A.O.U., Italy
| | | | - Narender N Khanna
- Cardiology Department, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Klaudija Viskovic
- Radiology and Ultrasound, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - John R Laird
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Adventist Health St. Helena, St Helena, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrew Nicolaides
- Vascular Screening and Diagnostic Centre, London, UK; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, VA, USA
| | - Vijay Viswanathan
- MV Hospital for Diabetes and Professor M Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre, Chennai, India
| | | | - George Kitas
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Manchester, Dudley, UK
| | - Gyan Pareek
- Minimally Invasive Urology Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Martin Miner
- Men's Health Center, Miriam Hospital Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jasjit S Suri
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, USA.
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5
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Al-Shidaifat A, Chakrabartty S, Kumar S, Acharjee S, Song H. A Novel Characterization and Performance Measurement of Memristor Devices for Synaptic Emulators in Advanced Neuro-Computing. Micromachines (Basel) 2020; 11:E89. [PMID: 31941084 PMCID: PMC7019485 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The advanced neuro-computing field requires new memristor devices with great potential as synaptic emulators between pre- and postsynaptic neurons. This paper presents memristor devices with TiO2 Nanoparticles (NPs)/Ag(Silver) and Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles (NPs)/Au(Gold) electrodes for synaptic emulators in an advanced neurocomputing application. A comparative study between Ag(Silver)- and Au(Gold)-based memristor devices is presented where the Ag electrode provides the improved performance, as compared to the Au electrode. Device characterization is observed by the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image, which displays the grown electrode, while the morphology of nanoparticles (NPs) is verified by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The resistive switching (RS) phenomena observed in Ag/TiO2 and Au/TiO2 shows the sweeping mechanism for low resistance and high resistance states. The resistive switching time of Au/TiO2 NPs and Ag/TiO2 NPs is calculated, while the theoretical validation of the memory window demonstrates memristor behavior as a synaptic emulator. Measurement of the capacitor-voltage curve shows that the memristor with Ag contact is a good candidate for charge storage as compared to Au. The classification of 3 × 3 pixel black/white image is demonstrated by the 3 × 3 cross bar memristor with pre- and post-neuron system. The proposed memristor devices with the Ag electrode demonstrate the adequate performance compared to the Au electrode, and may present noteworthy advantages in the field of neuromorphic computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- AlaaDdin Al-Shidaifat
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Centre for Nano Manufacturing, Inje university, Gimhae 50834, Korea;
| | - Shubhro Chakrabartty
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Centre for Nano Manufacturing, Inje university, Gimhae 50834, Korea;
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangaluru 575025, Karnataka, India;
| | - Suvojit Acharjee
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Jirania 799046, Tripura, India;
| | - Hanjung Song
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Centre for Nano Manufacturing, Inje university, Gimhae 50834, Korea;
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6
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Sarkar MB, Choudhuri B, Bhattacharya P, Barman RN, Ghosh A, Dwivedi SMMD, Chakrabartty S, Mondal A. Improved UV Photodetection by Indium Doped TiO₂ Thin Film Based Photodetector. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2018; 18:4898-4903. [PMID: 29442671 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.15295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Indium (In) was doped into TiO2 thin film (TF) using the electron beam evaporation technique followed by an annealing process. The high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) analysis revealed lower angle diffraction peak (2) shifting of Rutile (002) phases of TiO2 from 61.9 to 61.56 for an increased In doped samples. Calculated average grain size from FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscope) gradually decreased from 21.12 nm to 17.03 mm with an increase in In content ranging from 1.45~17.30 at%. HRXRD data revealed that crystallite sizes also reduced from 21.79 nm to 16.93 nm with an increased In doping concentration. Doping of In leads to the formation of inhomogeneous InxTiy O2 alloy that enhances the transition between 3.3-3.42 eV energy levels with variation in doping concentration. The photo-efficiencies for increased doping concentration of In with 3.47 at% and 17.30 at% were enhanced by 2.56 and 2.76 times, respectively, compared to the undoped TiO2 TF detector and both were larger than low doped In with 1.45 at% sample. The ratio of main band detection intensity to oxygen defect level was also increased from 0.22 to 2.22 with the gradual increase in In content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Barun Sarkar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799046, India
| | - Bijit Choudhuri
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799046, India
| | - P Bhattacharya
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799046, India
| | - R N Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - A Ghosh
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - S M M Dhar Dwivedi
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - S Chakrabartty
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - Aniruddha Mondal
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, India
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7
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Chakrabartty S, Mondal A, Saha AK. Effect of Annealing on Optical, Electrical and Charge Trapping Properties of TiO₂ NPs Arrays. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2017; 17:1287-1295. [PMID: 29683565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glancing angle deposition technique has been carried out to synthesize TiO₂ nanoparticles over SiO(x) thin film. The samples were annealed at different temperatures 550 °C and 950 °C. The average grain sizes and surface RMS roughness have been increased from 9 nm, 0.62 nm (as deposited); 21 nm, 2.47 nm (550 °C annealed) to 37 nm, 4.2 nm (950 °C annealed). Fivefold maximum increase in optical absorption has been recorded for the 950 °C annealed sample as compared to that of the as grown. The absorption and photoluminescence peaks show the red shift with an increase in annealing temperature and grain sizes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been used to investigate phases of nanoparticles. The junction capacitance of the Au/TiO₂ NPs device was observed to decrease with an increase in frequency. A minimum change in junction capacitance of 1 pF was calculated for 950 °C annealed device for the variation of frequency from 500 Hz to 1 MHz. The results are used to simulate the capacitance as a function of frequency and voltage characteristic of TiO₂ NPs based device in different temperature. Simulated results are exceptionally close to experimental results. The TiO₂ NPs based device annealed at 950 °C possessed higher impedance and lower conductance among all three type of devices. The sample annealed at 950 °C showed the maximum capacitance (0.09 pF at 0 V) as well as charge (˜0.6 Coulomb at +8 V) retention compared to that of the 550 °C annealed and as deposited samples.
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8
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Tiwari AK, Mondal A, Mahajan BK, Choudhuri B, Goswami T, Sarkar MB, Chakrabartty S, Ngangbam C, Saha S. Improved Photo-Detection Using Zigzag TiO2 Nanostructures as an Active Medium. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2015; 15:5099-5104. [PMID: 26373086 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2015.9821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Zigzag TiO2 nanostructures were fabricated using oblique angle deposition technique. The field emission gun-scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM) image shows that the TiO2 zigzag nanostructures were ~500 nm in length. Averagely two times enhanced UV-Vis absorption was recorded for zigzag structure compared to perpendicular TiO2 nanowires. The main band transition was observed at ~3.4 eV. The zigzag TiO2 exhibited high turn on voltage (+11 V) than that of nanowire (+2 V) detector under dark which were reduced to +0.2 V and +1.0 V under white light illumination, respectively. A maximum ~6 fold photo-responsivity was observed for the zigzag TiO2 compared with nanowire device at + 1.0 V applied potential. The maximum photo-responsivity of 0.36 A/W at 370 nm was measured for the zigzag TiO2 detector. The TiO2 zigzag detector showed slow response with rise time of 10.2 s and fall time of 10.3 s respectively. The UV (370 nm) to visible (450 nm) wavelength rejection ratio of photo-responsivity was recorded ~4 times for the detector.
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9
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Chakrabartty S. Factor graph-based biomolecular circuit analysis for designing forward error correcting biosensors. IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst 2009; 3:150-159. [PMID: 23853216 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2009.2014247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported the fabrication and the verification of novel biomolecular transistors where electrical conductivity of a ldquopolyaniline nanowiresrdquo channel is controlled by antigen-antibody interactions. In this paper, we present a simulation framework for analyzing the reliability of biosensor circuits constructed by using these biomolecular transistors. At the core of the proposed framework is a library of electrical circuit models that capture the stochastic interaction between biomolecules and their variability to environmental conditions and experimental protocols. Reliability analysis is then performed by exploiting probabilistic dependencies between multiple circuit elements by using a factor graph-based decoding technique. The proposed computational approach facilitates rapid evaluation of forward error correction (FEC) strategies for biosensors without resorting to painstaking and time-consuming experimental procedures. The analysis presented in this paper shows that an asymmetric FEC biosensor code outperforms a repetition FEC biosensor code which has been proposed for microarray technology. In addition, we also show that the proposed analysis leads to a novel ldquoco-detectionrdquo protocol that could be used for reliable detection of trace quantities of pathogens.
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10
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Lajnef N, Elvin NG, Chakrabartty S. A piezo-powered floating-gate sensor array for long-term fatigue monitoring in biomechanical implants. IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst 2008; 2:164-172. [PMID: 23852966 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2008.2001473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of the cumulative loading statistics experienced by an implant is essential for prediction of long-term fatigue failure. However, the total power that can be harvested using typical in-vivo strain levels is less than 1 muW. In this paper, we present a novel method for long-term, battery-less fatigue monitoring by integrating piezoelectric transduction with hot-electron injection on a floating-gate transistor array. Measured results from a fabricated prototype in a 0.5-mum CMOS process demonstrate that the array can sense, compute, and store loading statistics for over 70000 stress-strain cycles which can be extended to beyond 107 cycles. The measured response also shows excellent agreement with a theoretical model and the nominal power dissipation of the array has been measured to be less than 800 nW.
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11
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Ghosh A, Chakrabartty S, Niyogi P, Bhattacharyya A. Kawasaki disease with palatal palsy. Indian Pediatr 2000; 37:1266-8. [PMID: 11086313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Ghosh
- Institute of Child Health, 11, Dr. Biresh Guha Street, Calcutta 700 017, India.
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12
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Kundu R, Chakrabartty S. Treating congenital hypothyroidism: maximum age limit up to which a socially compatible child is expected. J Indian Med Assoc 1996; 94:96-8. [PMID: 8810204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
It is has been known that the treatment with thyroxine in hypothyroid children results in normal physical growth, but mental development is less predictable. A comparative study of developmental milestones, anthropometry and intelligence quotient (IQ) in congenital hypothyroid children starting thyroxine therapy before and after 6 months of age was done. Forty-eight congenital hypothyroid children were enrolled. They were given thyroxine and were followed up. In 18 cases who received thyroxine at or before 6 months of age their anthropometric measurements in majority were 50th percentile or above. Their mental age was deficient on an average by 5 months as compared to chronological age and their IQ was above 85. In rest of 30 cases where thyroxine was started after 6 months of age anthropometric measurements in majority were less than 50th percentile. Their mental age was deficient on an average by 14 months with IQ ranging between 50 and 70. Thyroxine therapy before 6 months of age considerably improved mental function so that they are educable. On the contrary those with late thyroxine therapy showed mild to moderate mental retardation and need special care. In developing country like ours if treatment of hypothyroidism can be started even by 6 months of age considerable brain function can be salvaged so that they can attain a self supportive life.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kundu
- Institute of Child Health, Calcutta
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13
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