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Minami SB, Oishi N, Watabe T, Wasano K, Ogawa K. Age-related change of auditory functional connectivity in Human Connectome Project data and tinnitus patients. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2020; 5:132-136. [PMID: 32128439 PMCID: PMC7042643 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We reported that tinnitus patients showed reduced levels of auditory functional connectivity (FC) in comparison with normal hearing control subjects, and that we succeeded in objective diagnosis of tinnitus with 86% sensitivity and 74% specificity by focusing only on auditory-related FC. However, the age-related change of auditory FC is not clarified. In this study, we examine age-related change of the auditory FC using the database of Human Connectome Project (HCP) and compared with our database of tinnitus patients. METHOD From the HCP database HCP Lifespan Pilot project, we studied five age groups, 8 to 9 years old, 14 to 15, 25 to 35, 45 to 55, and 65 to 75. We also applied our tinnitus patients' resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) database, which is divided into three generations; 20 to 40 years old, 40 to 60, and 60 to 80 to compare with the HCP database. The resting state fMRI analyses were performed using the CONN toolbox version 18. As auditory-related regions, Heschl's gyrus, planum temporale, planum polare, operculum, insular cortex, and superior temporal gyrus were set as the regions of interest from our previous reports. RESULT Auditory FC is strongest among adolescents and reduces with age. But the auditory FC of tinnitus patients were significantly less than those of HCP data in each generation. CONCLUSION Although auditory FC decreases with age, tinnitus patients have less auditory FC compared with age-matched controls. The age-matched cutoff values are necessary for an objective diagnosis of tinnitus with resting state fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiro B. Minami
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical CenterNational Institute of Sensory OrgansMeguro CityTokyoJapan
- Department of OtolaryngologyNational Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical CenterMeguro CityTokyoJapan
| | - Naoki Oishi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryKeio University, School of MedicineShinjuku CityTokyoJapan
| | - Takahisa Watabe
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryKeio University, School of MedicineShinjuku CityTokyoJapan
| | - Koichiro Wasano
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical CenterNational Institute of Sensory OrgansMeguro CityTokyoJapan
- Department of OtolaryngologyNational Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical CenterMeguro CityTokyoJapan
| | - Kaoru Ogawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryKeio University, School of MedicineShinjuku CityTokyoJapan
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Minami SB, Nara K, Mutai H, Morimoto N, Sakamoto H, Takiguchi T, Kaga K, Matsunaga T. A clinical and genetic study of 16 Japanese families with Waardenburg syndrome. Gene 2019; 704:86-90. [PMID: 30978479 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to profile the clinical and genetic features of Japanese Waardenburg syndrome (WS) patients and validate the W index. Sixteen Japanese WS families with congenital sensorineural hearing loss were included in the study. The inner canthal, interpupillary, and outer canthal distances (ICD, IPD, and OCD) were measured for all patients, and patients were screened for presence of PAX3, MITF, SOX10, and EDNRB mutations. The WS patients were clinically classified under the current W index as follows: 13 families with WS1, 2 families with WS2, and 1 family with WS4. In the 13 WS1 families, genetic tests found PAX3 mutations in 5 families, MITF mutations in 4 families, SOX10 mutations in 3 families, and EDNRB mutations in 1 family. 61% of clinically classified WS1 patients under the current W index conflicted with the genetic classification, which implies W index is not appropriate for Japanese population. Resetting the threshold of W index or novel index formulated with ethnicity matched samples is necessary for clinical classification which is consistent with genetic classification for WS patients with distinct ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiro B Minami
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Hearing and Balance Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyomitsu Nara
- Division of Hearing and Balance Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Mutai
- Division of Hearing and Balance Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Morimoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Sakamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takiguchi
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Kaga
- Division of Hearing and Balance Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Speech and Hearing Disorders, International University of Health and Welfare, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Matsunaga
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Hearing and Balance Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
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Hosoya M, Minami SB, Enomoto C, Matsunaga T, Kaga K. Elongated EABR wave latencies observed in patients with auditory neuropathy caused by OTOF mutation. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2018; 3:388-393. [PMID: 30410993 PMCID: PMC6209615 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We sought to determine how the pathology altered electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses (EABRs) in patients with hearing loss by evaluating EABRs in auditory neuropathy patients with OTOF mutations comparing with various types of congenital deafness. Methods We included 15 patients with congenital hearing loss, grouped according to pathology: OTOF mutations (n = 4), GJB2 mutations (n = 4), SLC26A4 mutations (n = 4), or cytomegalovirus infections (n = 3). EABRs were recorded when patients underwent cochlear implantation surgery. We evaluated the latencies and amplitudes of the recorded EABRs and compared them statistically between four groups. Results The EABR latencies of Wave III and Wave V, and of the interval between them, were significantly longer in the OTOF mutation group than in the GJB2 and SLC26A4 mutation groups (Wave III) and in all three other groups (Wave V and Wave III-V latency); amplitudes were not significantly different between groups. Conclusions Our results suggest OTOF mutations cause delayed (or slowed) postsynaptic neurotransmission, although the presumed mechanism involved reduced presynaptic transmission between hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons. Level of Evidence Mainly a case report.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tatsuo Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Auditory Disorders and Division of Hearing and Balance Research Tokyo Japan.,Medical Genetics Center; National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Tokyo Medical Center Tokyo Japan
| | - Kimitaka Kaga
- National Institute of Sensory Organs Tokyo Japan.,Center for Speech and Hearing Disorders International University of Health and Welfare Tokyo Japan
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Kaga K, Minami SB. [Brodmann Areas 20, 21, and 22 in the Cerebral Cortex]. Brain Nerve 2017; 69:411-416. [PMID: 28424395 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416200757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The 20, 21, and 22 areas in the temporal lobe as classified by Brodmann are almost identical with Economo and Koskinas's TA, TE1, and TE2, and, generally, with the gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and inferior temporal gyrus according to brain anatomy. Before Brodmann's classification, Flechsig published his book "Soul and Brain" in 1897, in which primary, secondary, and association areas in the brain were classified. More recently, results from research using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fMRI support the parcellation of the cerebral cortex proposed by Flechsig, Brodmann, and Economo more than one century ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimitaka Kaga
- National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Tokyo Medical Center
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Minami SB, Mutai H, Suzuki T, Horii A, Oishi N, Wasano K, Katsura M, Tanaka F, Takiguchi T, Fujii M, Kaga K. Microbiomes of the normal middle ear and ears with chronic otitis media. Laryngoscope 2017; 127:E371-E377. [PMID: 28397271 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to profile and compare the middle ear microbiomes of human subjects with and without chronic otitis media. STUDY DESIGN Prospective multicenter cohort study. METHODS All consecutive patients undergoing tympanoplasty surgery for chronic otitis media or ear surgery for conditions other than otitis media were recruited. Sterile swab samples were collected from the middle ear mucosa during surgery. The variable region 4 of the 16S rRNA gene in each sample were amplified using region-specific primers adapted for the Illumina MiSeq sequencer (Illumina, CA, USA)). The sequences were subjected to local blast and classified using Metagenome@KIN (World Fusion, Tokyo, Japan). RESULTS In total, 155 participants were recruited from seven medical centers. Of these, 88 and 67 had chronic otitis media and normal middle ears, respectively. The most abundant bacterial phyla on the mucosal surfaces of the normal middle ears were Proteobacteria, followed by Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. The children and adults with normal middle ears differed significantly in terms of middle ear microbiomes. Subjects with chronic otitis media without active inflammation (dry ear) had similar middle ear microbiomes as the normal middle ears group. Subjects with chronic otitis media with active inflammation (wet ear) had a lower prevalence of Proteobacteria and a higher prevalence of Firmicutes than the normal middle ears. CONCLUSION The human middle ear is inhabited by more diverse microbial communities than was previously thought. Alteration of the middle ear microbiome may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic otitis media with active inflammation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b. Laryngoscope, 127:E371-E377, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiro B Minami
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, National Institute of Sensory Organs, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Mutai
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, National Institute of Sensory Organs, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Suzuki
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, National Institute of Sensory Organs, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arata Horii
- Niigata University, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nigata, Japan
| | - Naoki Oishi
- Keio University, School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Keio, Japan
| | - Koichiro Wasano
- Japanese Red Cross Shizuoka Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Katsura
- National Hospital Organization Ureshino Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Ureshino, Japan
| | - Fujinobu Tanaka
- National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takiguchi
- National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masato Fujii
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, National Institute of Sensory Organs, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Kaga
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, National Institute of Sensory Organs, Tokyo, Japan.,International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Speech and Hearing Disorders, Tochigi, Japan
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Minami SB, Mutai H, Namba K, Sakamoto H, Matsunaga T. Clinical characteristics of a Japanese family with hearing loss accompanied by compound heterozygous mutations in LOXHD1. Auris Nasus Larynx 2016; 43:609-13. [PMID: 26973026 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report two novel LOXHD1 mutations, including missense mutations and the clinical features of the patients. METHODS We studied a three-generation Japanese family with hearing loss. Targeted next-generation sequencing was used for genetic analysis. Conditional orientation response audiometry and pure tone audiometry were used to assess hearing. SWISS-MODEL was used for molecular modeling of the PLAT domain in LOXHD1 protein. RESULTS The two sisters, who had either mild or severe high-frequency hearing loss, were compound heterozygous for two novel mutations (c.5674G>T [p.V1892F] and c.4212+1G>A) in LOXHD1, which is responsible for autosomal-recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss DFNB77. These cases showed less severe hearing impairment than the previously reported cases carrying LOXHD1 mutations, but their hearing loss appeared to be progressive. Molecular modeling predicted that distorted structure of the PLAT domain in the p.V1892F mutant could lead to decreased affinity of the protein to lipid membrane resulting in hair cell dysfunction. CONCLUSION We report a Japanese family carrying compound heterozygotes of truncating and nontruncating mutations in LOXHD1 identified by targeted NGS analysis. The fact of lower degree of hearing impairment in our cases than previously reported and the molecular modeling of the missense mutant provide insight to the genotype-phenotype correlation of DFNB77.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiro B Minami
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguroku, Tokyo 152-8901, Japan; National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, National Institute of Sensory Organs, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguroku, Tokyo 152-8901, Japan
| | - Hideki Mutai
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, National Institute of Sensory Organs, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguroku, Tokyo 152-8901, Japan
| | - Kazunori Namba
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, National Institute of Sensory Organs, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguroku, Tokyo 152-8901, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Sakamoto
- Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology, 1-1-1 Takakuradai, Sumaku, Koube, Hyogo 654-0091, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Matsunaga
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguroku, Tokyo 152-8901, Japan; National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, National Institute of Sensory Organs, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguroku, Tokyo 152-8901, Japan.
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Minami SB, Oishi N, Watabe T, Uno K, Kaga K, Ogawa K. Auditory resting-state functional connectivity in tinnitus and modulation with transcranial direct current stimulation. Acta Otolaryngol 2015; 135:1286-92. [PMID: 26181225 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2015.1068952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS The functional connectivity (FC) between the right and left auditory cortex is weak in tinnitus patients. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the auditory cortex has potential as a tool to modulate auditory-based FC. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of applying tDCS in tinnitus patients, and searched for modulation of brain networks in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) through an analysis of FC with the stimulated brain region. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Nine male patients with chronic tinnitus and 10 male volunteers with normal hearing were enrolled. The subjects were evaluated with rs-fMRI immediately before and after tDCS. The tinnitus patients filled out the self-evaluation questionnaires designed to measure tinnitus conditions before tDCS treatment and 1 week afterwards. RESULTS The FC between the right and left auditory cortex was significantly weaker in tinnitus patients than in controls. After tDCS treatment, in the tinnitus group, the primary auditory cortex showed a reduction in the amount of statistically significant connectivity with the somatosensory area and motor area, but maintained strong significant connectivity (p < 0.005) with the auditory area and insular cortex. In contrast, in the control group, there remained strong significant connectivity between the primary auditory cortex and the somatosensory area, motor area, insular cortex, and auditory area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiro B Minami
- a 1 National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Tokyo Medical Center , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Oishi
- b 2 Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Watabe
- b 2 Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University , Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kimitaka Kaga
- a 1 National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Tokyo Medical Center , Tokyo, Japan
- d 4 Center for Speech and Hearing Disorders, International University of Health and Welfare , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ogawa
- b 2 Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University , Tokyo, Japan
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Minami SB, Takegoshi H, Shinjo Y, Enomoto C, Kaga K. Usefulness of measuring electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses in children with inner ear malformations during cochlear implantation. Acta Otolaryngol 2015; 135:1007-15. [PMID: 26062093 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2015.1048377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS EABR is a reliable and effective way of objectively confirming device function and implant-responsiveness of the peripheral auditory neurons up to the level of the brainstem in cases of inner ear malformation. OBJECTIVE To investigate the usefulness of measuring the intra-operative electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) and electrically evoked auditory brainstem response (EABR) in patients with and without congenital inner ear anomalies during cochlear implantation. METHOD Thirty-eight consecutive children (40 ears) aged 5 or younger with congenital profound hearing loss. Twenty-four (25 ears) lacked congenital inner ear anomalies. The 14 patients (15 ears) with a malformation had common cavities (four ears), incomplete partition type I (three ears), cochlea hypoplasia type III (three ears), enlarged vestibular aqueduct (four ears), and cochlear nerve canal stenosis (one ear). Main outcome measures are ECAP and EABR responses. RESULTS Of the 25 ears lacking any malformation, 21, three, and one showed 'Good', 'Variable', and 'No' ECAP responses, respectively, and 24 and one showed 'Good' and 'Variable' intra-cochlear responses, respectively. Of the 15 ears with a malformation, two showed 'Good' ECAP responses, nine had 'Variable' ECAP responses, and four showed 'No' ECAP responses. Moreover, five showed 'Good' EABR responses and 10 showed 'Variable' EABR responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiro B Minami
- National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Tokyo Medical Center , Tokyo , Japan
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Minami SB, Masuda S, Usui S, Mutai H, Matsunaga T. Corrigendum to “Comorbidity of GJB2 and WFS1 mutations in one family” [Gene 501 (2012) 193–197]. Gene X 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Minami SB, Shinden S, Okamoto Y, Watada Y, Watabe T, Oishi N, Kanzaki S, Saito H, Inoue Y, Ogawa K. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment of chronic tinnitus. Auris Nasus Larynx 2010; 38:301-6. [PMID: 20971587 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is compelling evidence that tinnitus is associated with functional alterations in the central nervous system. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a potent tool for modifying neural activity at the stimulated area and at a distance along the functional anatomical connections. Depending on the stimulation parameters, cortical networks can be functionally disturbed or modulated in their activities. Low-frequency rTMS has been shown to result in a decrease in cortical excitability. The technique can alleviate tinnitus by modulating the excitability of neurons in the auditory cortex. We aimed to investigate the effects of low-frequency rTMS in patients and determine the factors that predict a beneficial outcome with rTMS treatment. METHODS Sixteen patients (male 10, female 6) with chronic tinnitus underwent low-frequency (1Hz) rTMS (intensity: 110% motor threshold; number of stimuli: 1200) to the left auditory cortex. The treatment outcome was assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS) of loudness, annoyance and duration, loudness balance test, and tinnitus handicap inventory (THI). Therapeutic success was studied according to the patients' clinical characteristics. RESULTS A significant reduction in the VAS (loudness and annoyance) occurred immediately after rTMS, with a gradual return to pretreatment levels after 7 days. The tinnitus patients with sudden deafness were significant resistant to rTMS treatment compared with those diagnosed with age-related hearing loss. CONCLUSION These results support the potential of rTMS as a new therapeutic tool for the treatment of chronic tinnitus. Because this study was performed with a small sample size and showed high interindividual variability in treatment effects, further development of the technique is needed before it can be recommended for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiro B Minami
- National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
Proteins of the Bcl-2 family have been implicated in control of apoptotic pathways modulating neuronal cell death, including noise-induced hearing loss. In this study, we assessed the expressions of anti- and proapoptotic Bcl-2 genes, represented by Bcl-xL and Bak following noise exposures, which yielded temporary threshold shift (TTS) or permanent threshold shift (PTS). Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were assessed at 4, 8, and 16 kHz before exposure and on days 1, 3, 7, and 10 following exposure to 100 dB SPL, 4 kHz OBN, 1 hr (TTS) or 120 dB SPL, 4 kHz OBN, 5 hr (PTS). On day 10, subjects were euthanized. ABR thresholds increased following both exposures, fully recovered following the TTS exposure, and showed a 22.6 dB (4 kHz), 42.5 dB (8 kHz), and 44.9 dB (16 kHz) mean shift on day 10 following the PTS exposure. PTS was accompanied by outer hair cell loss progressing epically and basally from the 4-kHz region. Additional animals were euthanized for immunohistochemical assessment. BcL-xL was robustly expressed in outer hair cells following TTS exposure, whereas Bak was expressed following PTS exposure. These results indicate an important role of the Bcl-2 family proteins in regulating sensory cell survival or death following intense noise. Bcl-xL plays an essential role in prevention of sensory cell death following TTS levels of noise, and PTS exposure provokes the expression of Bak and, with that, cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamashita
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0506, USA
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Minami SB, Shinden S, Yamashita T. Spindle cell carcinoma of the palatine tonsil: report of a diagnostic pitfall and literature review. Am J Otolaryngol 2008; 29:123-5. [PMID: 18314024 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Spindle cell carcinomas of the tonsil are very rare tumors. We present an additional case that occurred in a 58-year-old woman. She presented with a tumor of the right tonsil. Histologic sections of tonsillar biopsies suggested that this tumor was a squamous cell carcinoma. She underwent a transoral resection of the right oropharynx. The final diagnosis was spindle cell carcinoma. We emphasize the difficulties in diagnosing this type of tumor and discuss therapeutic approaches to this rare tumor, which shows little response to radiotherapy; the literature is reviewed. We offer this case study in an effort to increase awareness of this rare malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiro B Minami
- Department of Otolaryngology, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, Tochigi Japan.
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Le Prell CG, Yamashita D, Minami SB, Yamasoba T, Miller JM. Mechanisms of noise-induced hearing loss indicate multiple methods of prevention. Hear Res 2007; 226:22-43. [PMID: 17141991 PMCID: PMC1995566 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2006.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shown the essential role of reduced blood flow and free radical formation in the cochlea in noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The amount, distribution, and time course of free radical formation have been defined, including a clinically significant late formation 7-10 days following noise exposure, and one mechanism underlying noise-induced reduction in cochlear blood flow has finally been identified. These new insights have led to the formulation of new hypotheses regarding the molecular mechanisms of NIHL; and, from these, we have identified interventions that prevent NIHL, even with treatment onset delayed up to 3 days post-noise. It is essential to now assess the additive effects of agents intervening at different points in the cell death pathway to optimize treatment efficacy. Finding safe and effective interventions that attenuate NIHL will provide a compelling scientific rationale to justify human trials to eliminate this single major cause of acquired hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen G Le Prell
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, 1301 East Ann Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0506, USA.
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Minami SB, Yamashita D, Ogawa K, Schacht J, Miller JM. Creatine and tempol attenuate noise-induced hearing loss. Brain Res 2007; 1148:83-9. [PMID: 17359945 PMCID: PMC2680083 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Revised: 02/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To define the role of free radical formation and potential energy depletion in noise induced hearing loss (NIHL), we measured the effectiveness of tempol (free radical scavenger) and creatine (enhances cellular energy storage) alone and in combination to attenuate NIHL. Guinea pigs were divided into four treatment groups: controls, 3% creatine diet (2 weeks prior to noise exposure), tempol (3 mM in drinking water 2 weeks prior to exposure), and creatine plus tempol and exposed to 120 dB SPL one-octave band noise centered at 4 kHz for 5 h. The noise-only control group showed frequency-dependent auditory threshold shifts (measured by auditory brainstem response, ABR) of up to 73 dB (16 kHz) on day 1, and up to 50 dB (8 kHz) on day 10. Creatine-treated subjects had significantly smaller ABR threshold shifts on day 1 and on day 10. Tempol alone significantly reduced ABR threshold shifts on day 10 but not on day 1. ABR shifts after combination treatment were similar to those in the creatine group. Hair cell loss on day 10 was equally attenuated by creatine and tempol alone or in combination. Our results indicate that the maintenance of ATP levels is important in attenuating both temporary and permanent NIHL, while the scavenging of free radicals provides protection from permanent NIHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiro B. Minami
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Otolaryngology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kaoru Ogawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jochen Schacht
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Josef M. Miller
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Center for Hearing and Communication, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Abstract
Acoustic overstimulation increases Ca(2+) concentration in auditory hair cells. Because calcineurin is known to activate cell death pathways and is controlled by Ca(2+) and calmodulin, this study assessed the role of calcineurin in auditory hair cell death in guinea pigs after intense noise exposure. Immediately after noise exposure (4-kHz octave band, 120 dB, for 5 hr), a population of hair cells exhibited calcineurin immunoreactivity at the cuticular plate, with a decreasing number of positive-stained cells on Days 1-3. By Day 7, the levels of calcineurin immunoreactivity had diminished to near control, non-noise exposed values, concomitant with an increasing loss of hair cells. Staining of hair cell nuclei with propidium iodide (PI), restricted to calcineurin-immunopositive cells, indicated breakdown of cell membranes symptomatic of incipient cell death. The local application of the calcineurin inhibitors, FK506 and cyclosporin A, reduced the level of noise-induced auditory brain stem response threshold shift and hair cell death, indicating that calcineurin is a factor in noise-induced hearing loss. The results suggest that calcineurin inhibitors are of potential therapeutic value for long-term protection of the morphologic integrity and function of the organ of Corti against noise trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiro B Minami
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, 1301 E. Ann Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0506, USA.
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16
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Yamashita D, Miller JM, Jiang HY, Minami SB, Schacht J. AIF and EndoG in noise-induced hearing loss. Neuroreport 2004; 15:2719-22. [PMID: 15597041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a critical role in neuronal cell death, including sensory cell death in noise-induced hearing loss. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of a caspase-independent apoptotic pathway, involving apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (EndoG) in cell death in the inner ear after intense noise exposure (120 dB SPL, 4 kHz OBN, 5 h). EndoG was translocated to the nucleus after noise trauma, whereas immunostaining for AIF was expressed only in the cytosol. These findings indicate that EndoG is a factor in noise-induced caspase-independent apoptosis. In contrast, AIF may not be involved in cell death, but act as a redox factor in response to noise-induced oxidant stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamashita
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, 1301 E. Ann Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 0506, USA
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17
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Abstract
Mortality is a major complication in animal models of cisplatin-induced hearing loss due to the systemic toxicity of the drug. Here we report on a novel two-cycle treatment in rats, each cycle consisting of four days of cisplatin injections (1 mg/kg, i.p., twice daily) separated by 10 days of rest. This regimen, similar to clinical courses of cancer chemotherapy, produced significant hearing loss without mortality. Auditory brain stem evoked responses were unchanged after the first cycle but were elevated by 40-50 dB at 16 and 20 kHz after the second. Loss of outer hair cells occurred after the second cycle, predominantly in the base of the cochlea. Total cochlear antioxidants declined progressively during drug treatment and were reduced to 60% of control values after the second cisplatin cycle. Co-administration of salicylate (100 mg/kg, s.c., twice daily) during both cycles or during the second cycle restored antioxidant levels and reduced cisplatin-induced threshold shifts. This model of cisplatin ototoxicity without mortality eliminates potentially confounding factors that may determine the survival of a special cohort of animals. The results also support the notion that reactive oxygen species are involved in cisplatin ototoxicity and show the potential usefulness of antioxidant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiro B Minami
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, 1301 E. Ann Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0506, USA
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