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Copley S, Lawson M, King DA. Fifteen-minute consultation: Management of constipation in childhood. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2023; 108:314-319. [PMID: 36997304 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-325375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Constipation is common in childhood. It is a frequent presentation to primary care and common reason for referral to secondary and tertiary care. In the majority of cases, childhood constipation is idiopathic, with no significant underlying cause, but still presents a significant issue to patients, families and healthcare providers. We consider a case of idiopathic constipation, review the current evidence base for investigations and treatment and suggest practical management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Copley
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Maureen Lawson
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - David Anthony King
- Department of General Paediatrics, Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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Ekezie W, Awwad S, Krauchenberg A, Karara N, Dembiński Ł, Grossman Z, del Torso S, Dornbusch HJ, Neves A, Copley S, Mazur A, Hadjipanayis A, Grechukha Y, Nohynek H, Damnjanović K, Lazić M, Papaevangelou V, Lapii F, Stein-Zamir C, Rath B. Access to Vaccination among Disadvantaged, Isolated and Difficult-to-Reach Communities in the WHO European Region: A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071038. [PMID: 35891201 PMCID: PMC9324407 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. High vaccination coverage rates are required to achieve herd protection against vaccine-preventable diseases. However, limited vaccine access and hesitancy among specific communities represent significant obstacles to this goal. This review provides an overview of critical factors associated with vaccination among disadvantaged groups in World Health Organisation European countries. Initial searches yielded 18,109 publications from four databases, and 104 studies from 19 out of 53 countries reporting 22 vaccine-preventable diseases were included. Nine groups representing the populations of interest were identified, and most of the studies focused on asylum seekers, refugees, migrants and deprived communities. Recall of previous vaccinations received was poor, and serology was conducted in some cases to confirm protection for those who received prior vaccinations. Vaccination coverage was lower among study populations compared to the general population or national average. Factors that influenced uptake, which presented differently at different population levels, included health service accessibility, language and vaccine literacy, including risk perception, disease severity and vaccination benefits. Strategies that could be implemented in vaccination policy and programs were also identified. Overall, interventions specific to target communities are vital to improving uptake. More innovative strategies need to be deployed to improve vaccination coverage among disadvantaged groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winifred Ekezie
- Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative e.V., 10437 Berlin, Germany; (W.E.); (S.A.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- ImmuHubs Consortium, Coordinating Entity: Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative e.V., 10437 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Samy Awwad
- Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative e.V., 10437 Berlin, Germany; (W.E.); (S.A.)
- ImmuHubs Consortium, Coordinating Entity: Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative e.V., 10437 Berlin, Germany;
- Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arja Krauchenberg
- ImmuHubs Consortium, Coordinating Entity: Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative e.V., 10437 Berlin, Germany;
- European Parents Association, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nora Karara
- Young European Academy of Paediatrics, 1000 Brussels, Belgium;
- Evangelical Hospital Queen Elisabeth Herzberge, 10365 Berlin, Germany
| | - Łukasz Dembiński
- European Academy of Paediatrics, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (Ł.D.); (Z.G.); (S.d.T.); (H.J.D.); (A.N.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (A.H.); (Y.G.); (V.P.); (F.L.)
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zachi Grossman
- European Academy of Paediatrics, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (Ł.D.); (Z.G.); (S.d.T.); (H.J.D.); (A.N.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (A.H.); (Y.G.); (V.P.); (F.L.)
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Stefano del Torso
- European Academy of Paediatrics, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (Ł.D.); (Z.G.); (S.d.T.); (H.J.D.); (A.N.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (A.H.); (Y.G.); (V.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Hans Juergen Dornbusch
- European Academy of Paediatrics, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (Ł.D.); (Z.G.); (S.d.T.); (H.J.D.); (A.N.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (A.H.); (Y.G.); (V.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Ana Neves
- European Academy of Paediatrics, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (Ł.D.); (Z.G.); (S.d.T.); (H.J.D.); (A.N.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (A.H.); (Y.G.); (V.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Sian Copley
- European Academy of Paediatrics, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (Ł.D.); (Z.G.); (S.d.T.); (H.J.D.); (A.N.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (A.H.); (Y.G.); (V.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Artur Mazur
- European Academy of Paediatrics, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (Ł.D.); (Z.G.); (S.d.T.); (H.J.D.); (A.N.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (A.H.); (Y.G.); (V.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Adamos Hadjipanayis
- European Academy of Paediatrics, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (Ł.D.); (Z.G.); (S.d.T.); (H.J.D.); (A.N.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (A.H.); (Y.G.); (V.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Yevgenii Grechukha
- European Academy of Paediatrics, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (Ł.D.); (Z.G.); (S.d.T.); (H.J.D.); (A.N.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (A.H.); (Y.G.); (V.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Hanna Nohynek
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Kaja Damnjanović
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Beograd, Serbia;
| | - Milica Lazić
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Vana Papaevangelou
- European Academy of Paediatrics, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (Ł.D.); (Z.G.); (S.d.T.); (H.J.D.); (A.N.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (A.H.); (Y.G.); (V.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Fedir Lapii
- European Academy of Paediatrics, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (Ł.D.); (Z.G.); (S.d.T.); (H.J.D.); (A.N.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (A.H.); (Y.G.); (V.P.); (F.L.)
| | | | - Barbara Rath
- Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative e.V., 10437 Berlin, Germany; (W.E.); (S.A.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
- ImmuHubs Consortium, Coordinating Entity: Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative e.V., 10437 Berlin, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Copley S, Price J, Lawson M, Jago L, Kala A, Fagbemi A. N4 Compliance with gluten free diet and TTG values in children with coeliac disease diagnosed on serology compared to duodenal biopsy: a single centre experience. Nutrition 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2022-bspghan.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rivlin G, Tse C, McMahon S, Luo Z, Copley S, Cheng J, Nair M. N2 Streamlining referrals to the neurodisability feeding clinic at alder hey children’s hospital. Nutrition 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2022-bspghan.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Nijman RG, De Guchtenaere A, Koletzko B, Ross Russell R, Copley S, Titomanlio L, Del Torso S, Hadjipanayis A. Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome: Statement by the Pediatric Section of the European Society for Emergency Medicine and European Academy of Pediatrics. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:490. [PMID: 32984206 PMCID: PMC7485110 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A rise in cases with a new hyperinflammatory disease in children has been reported in Europe and in the Unites States of America, named the Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome-temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS). There appears to be a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms with varying degrees of severity, including a toxic shock like presentation with hypovolaemia and shock, and a Kawasaki-like presentation with involvement of the coronary arteries. Most of these children have evidence of a previous infection with SARS-CoV-2, or a history of significant exposure, but not all. Limited data exist on the incidence of PIMS-TS, but it remains a rare condition. Early recognition and escalation of care is important to prevent the development of serious sequelae, such as coronary artery aneurysms. Clinicians assessing febrile children in primary and secondary care should include PIMS-TS in their differential diagnoses. In children fulfilling the case definition, additional investigations should be undertaken to look for evidence of inflammation and multiorgan involvement. Suspected cases should be discussed with experts in pediatric infectious diseases at an early stage, and advice should be sought from critical care in more severe cases early. There is limited consensus on treatment; but most children have been treated with immunoglobulins or steroids, and with early consideration of biologicals such anti-TNF and anti-IL1 agents. Treatment should ideally be within the context of controlled treatment trials. Clinicians are encouraged to document and share their cases using research registries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud G Nijman
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Berthold Koletzko
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rob Ross Russell
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Copley
- Health Education North East, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Luigi Titomanlio
- Paediatric Emergency Department, Hopital Universitaire Robert-Debre, Paris, France
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Michaud PA, Schrier L, Ross-Russel R, van der Heijden L, Dossche L, Copley S, Alterio T, Mazur A, Dembinski L, Hadjipanayis A, Del Torso S, Fonseca H, Ambresin AE. Paediatric departments need to improve residents' training in adolescent medicine and health: a position paper of the European Academy of Paediatrics. Eur J Pediatr 2018; 177:479-487. [PMID: 29270826 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-017-3061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In many European countries, paediatric junior staff has no formal training in adolescent medicine and is ill-equipped to deal with issues and health problems such as substance use, unprotected sex, eating disorders and transition to adult care. This position paper of the European Academy of Paediatrics proposes a set of competency-based training goals and objectives as well as pedagogic approaches that are expected to improve the capacity of paediatricians to meet the needs of this important segment of the paediatric population. The content has been developed from available publications and training programmes and mostly covers the generic aspects of adolescent healthcare, such as how to communicate effectively, how to review and address lifestyles, how to perform a respectful and relevant physical examination, how to address common problems of adolescents and how to support adolescents in coping with a chronic condition. CONCLUSION The European Academy of Paediatrics urges national bodies, paediatric associations and paediatric teaching departments to adopt these training objectives and put them into practice, so that paediatricians will be better prepared in the future to meet the challenge of delivering appropriate and effective healthcare to adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lenneke Schrier
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Laila van der Heijden
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lien Dossche
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sian Copley
- Neonatal Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Upon Tyne, Newcastle, UK
| | - Tommaso Alterio
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,National Observatory for Trainees and Young Paediatricians, ONSP, Padua, Italy
| | - Artur Mazur
- Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Lukasz Dembinski
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adamos Hadjipanayis
- Faculty of Medicine, Cyprus & Paediatric Department, Larnaca General Hospital, European University of Cyprus, Engomi, Cyprus
| | | | - Helena Fonseca
- Adolescent Medicine Division, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anne-Emmanuelle Ambresin
- Interdisciplinary Division for Adolescent Health (DISA), University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Elshiekh M, Mani A, Kitson R, Josephides E, Clifford A, Desai S, Gupta N, Bowen F, Berry M, Bloch S, Ross C, Counihan I, Anderson J, Nandi J, Roddie M, Copley S, Hatcher O, Denton A, Power D, Lewanski C, Newsom-Davis T, Viola P. Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) testing: multicentric analysis of clinical, pathological and molecular features. Lung Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(18)30151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chan E, Copley S, Wilson C, Coady D. 32. Self-Aspiration of a Knee Joint in the Youtube Generation. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu096.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Rajopadhyaya K, Dunn J, Copley S, Eng J, Beltrame J, Wilson D. Acute Endothelin-1-mediated Vasoconstriction Involves Rapid and Sustained Protein Kinase C and Rho Kinase Activation and Chronic Endothelin-1 Infusion Attenuated Thromboxane A2 and Serotonin Mediated Microvascular Constriction. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Skidmore S, Copley S, Cordwell D, Donaldson D, Ritchie D, Spraggon M. Positive nucleic acid amplification tests for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in young people tested as part of the National Chlamydia Screening Programme. Int J STD AIDS 2011; 22:398-9. [DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2011.010378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Little information is available on the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) infections outside genitourinary (GU) medicine clinics. A number of National Chlamydia Screening Programme areas now carry out simultaneous testing for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and GC in a single sample using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). The aim of this study was to gather together data on dual testing from community settings. Information was collected from five programme areas. A total of 219,412 results were recorded with 18,370 CT positives, 1226 GC positives and among these 554 were with dual CT/GC infection. These figures highlight the fact that substantial numbers of positive GC NAAT results are found outside GU settings. An assessment of both the prevalence of GC and the proportion of extra cases that can be detected in all settings is needed, together with the implementation of robust plans to confirm, treat and manage these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Skidmore
- Department of Microbiology, Princess Royal Hospital, Telford
| | - S Copley
- Chlamydia Screening Programme, Havering NHS Trust, Romford
| | - D Cordwell
- RUClear, Manchester NHS Trust, Manchester
| | - D Donaldson
- Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea Programme, Tower Hamlets Community Health Service, London
| | - D Ritchie
- Team Chlamydia, East Cheshire NHS Trust, Congleton
| | - M Spraggon
- Community Sexual Health, City and Hackney Community Health Services, London, UK
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Sykes A, Badiger R, Wort J, Copley S. Multiple thoracic osteophytes presenting as mediastinal mass. Case Reports 2009; 2009:bcr2006064154. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr.2006.064154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Moore J, Copley S, Morris J, Lindsell D, Golding S, Kennedy S. A systematic review of the accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of endometriosis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002; 20:630-634. [PMID: 12493057 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2002.00862.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasound scanning, with or without Doppler, as a diagnostic test for the accurate diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis. METHODS The MEDLINE (1966-2001) and EMBASE (1980-2001) databases were searched for relevant studies, published in English. Only studies fulfilling predefined criteria were selected. An assessment of quality was made for each study, and data were then reanalyzed using likelihood ratios to determine the usefulness of the test. RESULTS In total, 67 papers were identified using the search strategy, of which 17 described relevant studies. Of these, seven fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All seven related to the use of transvaginal gray-scale imaging in the diagnosis of ovarian endometriomata specifically, rather than endometriosis. The positive likelihood ratios ranged from 7.6 to 29.8, and the negative likelihood ratios ranged from 0.1 to 0.4. Confidence intervals were wide. One paper addressed the use of conventional color Doppler with ultrasound: the positive likelihood ratio was 1.2, with a negative likelihood ratio of 0.4. One paper assessed the use of color Doppler energy imaging, and showed a positive likelihood ratio of 33.5 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.1. CONCLUSIONS Transvaginal ultrasound appears to be a useful test both to make and to exclude the diagnosis of an ovarian endometrioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moore
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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Copley S. Book Review: An Aid to Radiology for the MRCP. Clin Radiol 2001. [DOI: 10.1053/crad.2000.0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Copley S. The Treatment of Traumatic Tetanus with Antitoxins. West J Med 1899; 1:337-8. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.1989.337-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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