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Lopez-Lopez V, Morise Z, Albaladejo-González M, Gavara CG, Goh BKP, Koh YX, Paul SJ, Hilal MA, Mishima K, Krürger JAP, Herman P, Cerezuela A, Brusadin R, Kaizu T, Lujan J, Rotellar F, Monden K, Dalmau M, Gotohda N, Kudo M, Kanazawa A, Kato Y, Nitta H, Amano S, Valle RD, Giuffrida M, Ueno M, Otsuka Y, Asano D, Tanabe M, Itano O, Minagawa T, Eshmuminov D, Herrero I, Ramírez P, Ruipérez-Valiente JA, Robles-Campos R, Wakabayashi G. Correction: Explainable artificial intelligence prediction-based model in laparoscopic liver surgery for segments 7 and 8: an international multicenter study. Surg Endosc 2024; 38:2912-2913. [PMID: 38503907 PMCID: PMC11078838 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-024-10787-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Lopez-Lopez
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Clinic and University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, IMIB-ARRIXACA, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Zeniche Morise
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine Okazaki Medical Center, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Concepción Gomez Gavara
- Department of HPB Surgery and Transplants, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona Autonomic University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brian K P Goh
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital and National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Surgery Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ye Xin Koh
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital and National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Surgery Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sijberden Jasper Paul
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mohammed Abu Hilal
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Kohei Mishima
- Department of Surgery, Ageo Central General Hospital, Ageo, Japan
| | - Jaime Arthur Pirola Krürger
- Serviço de Cirurgia do Fígado, Divisão de Cirurgia do Aparelho Digestivo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Herman
- Serviço de Cirurgia do Fígado, Divisão de Cirurgia do Aparelho Digestivo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Cerezuela
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Clinic and University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, IMIB-ARRIXACA, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Roberto Brusadin
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Clinic and University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, IMIB-ARRIXACA, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Takashi Kaizu
- Department of General, Pediatric and Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Juan Lujan
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Clinic and University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, IMIB-ARRIXACA, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Rotellar
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kazuteru Monden
- Department of Surgery, Fukuyama City Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mar Dalmau
- Department of HPB Surgery and Transplants, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona Autonomic University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Naoto Gotohda
- Department of Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Masashi Kudo
- Department of Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Akishige Kanazawa
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kato
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nitta
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Satoshi Amano
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | | | - Mario Giuffrida
- General Surgery Unit, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Asano
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Itano
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Minagawa
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Dilmurodjon Eshmuminov
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irene Herrero
- Department of Surgery, Getafe University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramírez
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Clinic and University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, IMIB-ARRIXACA, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Robles-Campos
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Clinic and University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, IMIB-ARRIXACA, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Go Wakabayashi
- Department of Surgery, Ageo Central General Hospital, Ageo, Japan
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Lopez-Lopez V, Morise Z, Albaladejo-González M, Gavara CG, Goh BKP, Koh YX, Paul SJ, Hilal MA, Mishima K, Krürger JAP, Herman P, Cerezuela A, Brusadin R, Kaizu T, Lujan J, Rotellar F, Monden K, Dalmau M, Gotohda N, Kudo M, Kanazawa A, Kato Y, Nitta H, Amano S, Valle RD, Giuffrida M, Ueno M, Otsuka Y, Asano D, Tanabe M, Itano O, Minagawa T, Eshmuminov D, Herrero I, Ramírez P, Ruipérez-Valiente JA, Robles-Campos R, Wakabayashi G. Explainable artificial intelligence prediction-based model in laparoscopic liver surgery for segments 7 and 8: an international multicenter study. Surg Endosc 2024; 38:2411-2422. [PMID: 38315197 PMCID: PMC11078826 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-024-10681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming more useful as a decision-making and outcomes predictor tool. We have developed AI models to predict surgical complexity and the postoperative course in laparoscopic liver surgery for segments 7 and 8. METHODS We included patients with lesions located in segments 7 and 8 operated by minimally invasive liver surgery from an international multi-institutional database. We have employed AI models to predict surgical complexity and postoperative outcomes. Furthermore, we have applied SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to make the AI models interpretable. Finally, we analyzed the surgeries not converted to open versus those converted to open. RESULTS Overall, 585 patients and 22 variables were included. Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) showed the highest performance for predicting surgery complexity and Random Forest (RF) for predicting postoperative outcomes. SHAP detected that MLP and RF gave the highest relevance to the variables "resection type" and "largest tumor size" for predicting surgery complexity and postoperative outcomes. In addition, we explored between surgeries converted to open and non-converted, finding statistically significant differences in the variables "tumor location," "blood loss," "complications," and "operation time." CONCLUSION We have observed how the application of SHAP allows us to understand the predictions of AI models in surgical complexity and the postoperative outcomes of laparoscopic liver surgery in segments 7 and 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Lopez-Lopez
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Clinic and University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, IMIB-ARRIXACA, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Zeniche Morise
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine Okazaki Medical Center, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Concepción Gomez Gavara
- Department of HPB Surgery and Transplants, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona Autonomic University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brian K P Goh
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital and National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Surgery Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ye Xin Koh
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital and National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Surgery Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sijberden Jasper Paul
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mohammed Abu Hilal
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Kohei Mishima
- Department of Surgery, Ageo Central General Hospital, Ageo, Japan
| | - Jaime Arthur Pirola Krürger
- Serviço de Cirurgia do Fígado, Divisão de Cirurgia do Aparelho Digestivo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Herman
- Serviço de Cirurgia do Fígado, Divisão de Cirurgia do Aparelho Digestivo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Cerezuela
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Clinic and University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, IMIB-ARRIXACA, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Roberto Brusadin
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Clinic and University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, IMIB-ARRIXACA, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Takashi Kaizu
- Department of General, Pediatric and Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Juan Lujan
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Clinic and University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, IMIB-ARRIXACA, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Rotellar
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kazuteru Monden
- Department of Surgery, Fukuyama City Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mar Dalmau
- Department of HPB Surgery and Transplants, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona Autonomic University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Naoto Gotohda
- Department of Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Masashi Kudo
- Department of Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Akishige Kanazawa
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kato
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nitta
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Satoshi Amano
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | | | - Mario Giuffrida
- General Surgery Unit, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Asano
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Itano
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Minagawa
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Dilmurodjon Eshmuminov
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irene Herrero
- Department of Surgery, Getafe University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramírez
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Clinic and University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, IMIB-ARRIXACA, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Robles-Campos
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Clinic and University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, IMIB-ARRIXACA, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Go Wakabayashi
- Department of Surgery, Ageo Central General Hospital, Ageo, Japan
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3
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Diehl S, Trotta N, Joo K, Achenbach P, Akbar Z, Armstrong WR, Atac H, Avakian H, Baashen L, Baltzell NA, Barion L, Bashkanov M, Battaglieri M, Bedlinskiy I, Benmokhtar F, Bianconi A, Biselli AS, Bossù F, Brinkmann KT, Briscoe WJ, Bulumulla D, Burkert V, Capobianco R, Carman DS, Carvajal JC, Celentano A, Charles G, Chatagnon P, Chesnokov V, Ciullo G, Cole PL, Contalbrigo M, Costantini G, Crede V, D'Angelo A, Dashyan N, De Vita R, Deur A, Djalali C, Dupre R, Ehrhart M, El Alaoui A, El Fassi L, Elouadrhiri L, Fegan S, Filippi A, Gavalian G, Glazier DI, Golubenko AA, Gosta G, Gothe RW, Gotra Y, Griffioen K, Hafidi K, Hakobyan H, Hattawy M, Hayward TB, Heddle D, Hobart A, Holtrop M, Illari I, Ireland DG, Isupov EL, Jo HS, Johnston R, Keller D, Khachatryan M, Khanal A, Kim A, Kim W, Klimenko V, Kripko A, Kubarovsky V, Kuhn SE, Lagerquist V, Lanza L, Leali M, Lee S, Lenisa P, Li X, MacGregor IJD, Marchand D, Mascagna V, Matousek G, McKinnon B, McLauchlin C, Meziani ZE, Migliorati S, Milner RG, Mineeva T, Mirazita M, Mokeev V, Moran P, Munoz Camacho C, Naidoo P, Neupane K, Niccolai S, Niculescu G, Osipenko M, Pandey P, Paolone M, Pappalardo LL, Paremuzyan R, Paul SJ, Phelps W, Pilleux N, Pokhrel M, Poudel J, Price JW, Prok Y, Radic A, Raue BA, Reed T, Richards J, Ripani M, Ritman J, Rossi P, Sabatié F, Salgado C, Schadmand S, Schmidt A, Sharabian YG, Shrestha U, Sokhan D, Sparveris N, Spreafico M, Stepanyan S, Strakovsky I, Strauch S, Turisini M, Tyson R, Ungaro M, Vallarino S, Venturelli L, Voskanyan H, Voutier E, Watts DP, Wei X, Williams R, Wishart R, Wood MH, Yurov M, Zachariou N, Zhao ZW, Zurek M. First Measurement of Hard Exclusive π^{-}Δ^{++} Electroproduction Beam-Spin Asymmetries off the Proton. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:021901. [PMID: 37505937 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.021901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The polarized cross-section ratio σ_{LT^{'}}/σ_{0} from hard exclusive π^{-}Δ^{++} electroproduction off an unpolarized hydrogen target has been extracted based on beam-spin asymmetry measurements using a 10.2 GeV/10.6 GeV incident electron beam and the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Lab. The study, which provides the first observation of this channel in the deep-inelastic regime, focuses on very forward-pion kinematics in the valence regime, and photon virtualities ranging from 1.5 GeV^{2} up to 7 GeV^{2}. The reaction provides a novel access to the d-quark content of the nucleon and to p→Δ^{++} transition generalized parton distributions. A comparison to existing results for hard exclusive π^{+}n and π^{0}p electroproduction is provided, which shows a clear impact of the excitation mechanism, encoded in transition generalized parton distributions, on the asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Diehl
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
- II Physikalisches Institut der Universitaet Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - N Trotta
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - K Joo
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - P Achenbach
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Z Akbar
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - W R Armstrong
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Atac
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - H Avakian
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - L Baashen
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - N A Baltzell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - L Barion
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Bashkanov
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | | | - I Bedlinskiy
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute-TEP, Moscow, 117259, Russia
| | - F Benmokhtar
- Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA
| | - A Bianconi
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - A S Biselli
- Fairfield University, Fairfield Connecticut 06824, USA
| | - F Bossù
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - K-T Brinkmann
- II Physikalisches Institut der Universitaet Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - W J Briscoe
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - D Bulumulla
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - V Burkert
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Capobianco
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - D S Carman
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J C Carvajal
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - A Celentano
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - G Charles
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - P Chatagnon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - V Chesnokov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - G Ciullo
- Università di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - P L Cole
- Lamar University, 4400 MLK Boulevard, P.O. Box 10046, Beaumont, Texas 77710, USA
| | | | - G Costantini
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - V Crede
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - A D'Angelo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - N Dashyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - R De Vita
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A Deur
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Djalali
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - R Dupre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Ehrhart
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A El Alaoui
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - L El Fassi
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-5167, USA
| | - L Elouadrhiri
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Fegan
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - A Filippi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - G Gavalian
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D I Glazier
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A A Golubenko
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - G Gosta
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - R W Gothe
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Y Gotra
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K Griffioen
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
| | - K Hafidi
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Hakobyan
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - M Hattawy
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - T B Hayward
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - D Heddle
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Hobart
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Holtrop
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3568, USA
| | - I Illari
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - D G Ireland
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E L Isupov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - H S Jo
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - R Johnston
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | - D Keller
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - M Khachatryan
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - A Khanal
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - A Kim
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - W Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - V Klimenko
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - A Kripko
- II Physikalisches Institut der Universitaet Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - V Kubarovsky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S E Kuhn
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - V Lagerquist
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - L Lanza
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M Leali
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - S Lee
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P Lenisa
- Università di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - X Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | | | - D Marchand
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - V Mascagna
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - G Matousek
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
| | - B McKinnon
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C McLauchlin
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Z E Meziani
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - S Migliorati
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - R G Milner
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | - T Mineeva
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - M Mirazita
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - V Mokeev
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Moran
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | - C Munoz Camacho
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P Naidoo
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - K Neupane
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - S Niccolai
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - G Niculescu
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - M Osipenko
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - P Pandey
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - M Paolone
- New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - L L Pappalardo
- Università di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Paremuzyan
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3568, USA
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S J Paul
- University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - W Phelps
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - N Pilleux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Pokhrel
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - J Poudel
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - J W Price
- California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA
| | - Y Prok
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - A Radic
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - B A Raue
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - T Reed
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - J Richards
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - M Ripani
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - J Ritman
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute fur Kernphysik (Juelich), Juelich, Germany
| | - P Rossi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - F Sabatié
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Salgado
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - S Schadmand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Schmidt
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | - Y G Sharabian
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - U Shrestha
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - D Sokhan
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - N Sparveris
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - M Spreafico
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - S Stepanyan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - I Strakovsky
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - S Strauch
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - M Turisini
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R Tyson
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Ungaro
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Vallarino
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Venturelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - H Voskanyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - E Voutier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D P Watts
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - X Wei
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Williams
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - R Wishart
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M H Wood
- Canisius College, Buffalo, New York 14208-1517, USA
| | - M Yurov
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-5167, USA
| | - N Zachariou
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Z W Zhao
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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Christiaens G, Defurne M, Sokhan D, Achenbach P, Akbar Z, Amaryan MJ, Atac H, Avakian H, Gayoso CA, Baashen L, Baltzell NA, Barion L, Bashkanov M, Battaglieri M, Bedlinskiy I, Benkel B, Benmokhtar F, Bianconi A, Biselli AS, Bondi M, Booth WA, Bossù F, Boiarinov S, Brinkmann KT, Briscoe WJ, Bueltmann S, Bulumulla D, Burkert VD, Cao T, Carman DS, Carvajal JC, Celentano A, Chatagnon P, Chesnokov V, Chetry T, Ciullo G, Clash G, Cole PL, Contalbrigo M, Costantini G, D'Angelo A, Dashyan N, De Vita R, Deur A, Diehl S, Dilks C, Djalali C, Dupre R, Egiyan H, Ehrhart M, Alaoui AE, Fassi LE, Elouadrhiri L, Fegan S, Filippi A, Gates K, Gavalian G, Ghandilyan Y, Gilfoyle GP, Girod FX, Glazier DI, Golubenko AA, Gosta G, Gothe RW, Gotra Y, Griffioen KA, Guidal M, Hafidi K, Hakobyan H, Hattawy M, Hauenstein F, Hayward TB, Heddle D, Hobart A, Holmberg DE, Holtrop M, Ilieva Y, Ireland DG, Isupov EL, Jo HS, Keller D, Khachatryan M, Khanal A, Kim W, Kripko A, Kubarovsky V, Kuhn SE, Lagerquist V, Lanza L, Kabir ML, Leali M, Lee S, Lenisa P, Li X, Livingston K, MacGregor IJD, Marchand D, Mascagna V, Matousek G, McKinnon B, McLauchlin C, Meziani ZE, Migliorati S, Milner RG, Mineeva T, Mirazita M, Mokeev V, Molina E, Camacho CM, Nadel-Turonski P, Naidoo P, Neupane K, Niccolai S, Nicol M, Niculescu G, Osipenko M, Ouillon M, Pandey P, Paolone M, Pappalardo LL, Paremuzyan R, Pasyuk E, Paul SJ, Phelps W, Pilleux N, Pokhrel M, Poudel J, Price JW, Prok Y, Radic A, Ramasubramanian N, Raue BA, Reed T, Richards J, Ripani M, Ritman J, Rossi P, Sabatié F, Salgado C, Schadmand S, Schmidt A, Scott MBC, Sharabian YG, Shirokov EV, Shrestha U, Simmerling P, Sparveris N, Spreafico M, Stepanyan S, Strakovsky II, Strauch S, Tan JA, Trotta N, Turisini M, Tyson R, Ungaro M, Vallarino S, Venturelli L, Voskanyan H, Voutier E, Watts DP, Wei X, Williams R, Wishart R, Wood MH, Zachariou N, Zhang J, Zhao ZW, Ziegler V, Zurek M. First CLAS12 Measurement of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Beam-Spin Asymmetries in the Extended Valence Region. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:211902. [PMID: 37295113 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.211902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) allows one to probe generalized parton distributions describing the 3D structure of the nucleon. We report the first measurement of the DVCS beam-spin asymmetry using the CLAS12 spectrometer with a 10.2 and 10.6 GeV electron beam scattering from unpolarized protons. The results greatly extend the Q^{2} and Bjorken-x phase space beyond the existing data in the valence region and provide 1600 new data points measured with unprecedented statistical uncertainty, setting new, tight constraints for future phenomenological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Christiaens
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Defurne
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Sokhan
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P Achenbach
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Z Akbar
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - M J Amaryan
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - H Atac
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - H Avakian
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Ayerbe Gayoso
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
| | - L Baashen
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - N A Baltzell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - L Barion
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Bashkanov
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | | | - I Bedlinskiy
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute-ITEP, Moscow, 117259, Russia
| | - B Benkel
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - F Benmokhtar
- Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA
| | - A Bianconi
- Universit'a degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A S Biselli
- Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut 06824, USA
| | - M Bondi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - W A Booth
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - F Bossù
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Boiarinov
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K-Th Brinkmann
- II Physikalisches Institut der Universitaet Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - W J Briscoe
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - S Bueltmann
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - D Bulumulla
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - V D Burkert
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Cao
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D S Carman
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J C Carvajal
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - A Celentano
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - P Chatagnon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - V Chesnokov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - T Chetry
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-5167, USA
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - G Ciullo
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
- Universita' di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Clash
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - P L Cole
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Lamar University, 4400 MLK Boulevard, P.O. Box 10046, Beaumont, Texas 77710, USA
- Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA
| | | | - G Costantini
- Universit'a degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A D'Angelo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Universita' di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - N Dashyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - R De Vita
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A Deur
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Diehl
- II Physikalisches Institut der Universitaet Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - C Dilks
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
| | - C Djalali
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - R Dupre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - H Egiyan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Ehrhart
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A El Alaoui
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - L El Fassi
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-5167, USA
| | - L Elouadrhiri
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Fegan
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - A Filippi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - K Gates
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Gavalian
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Y Ghandilyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - G P Gilfoyle
- University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, USA
| | - F X Girod
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D I Glazier
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A A Golubenko
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - G Gosta
- Universit'a degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - R W Gothe
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Y Gotra
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K A Griffioen
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
| | - M Guidal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - K Hafidi
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Hakobyan
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - M Hattawy
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - F Hauenstein
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - T B Hayward
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - D Heddle
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Hobart
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D E Holmberg
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
| | - M Holtrop
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3568, USA
| | - Y Ilieva
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - D G Ireland
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E L Isupov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - H S Jo
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - D Keller
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - M Khachatryan
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - A Khanal
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - W Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - A Kripko
- II Physikalisches Institut der Universitaet Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - V Kubarovsky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S E Kuhn
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - V Lagerquist
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - L Lanza
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M L Kabir
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-5167, USA
| | - M Leali
- Universit'a degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - S Lee
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | - P Lenisa
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
- Universita' di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - X Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | - K Livingston
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - D Marchand
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - V Mascagna
- Universit'a degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - G Matousek
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
| | - B McKinnon
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C McLauchlin
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Z E Meziani
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S Migliorati
- Universit'a degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - R G Milner
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | - T Mineeva
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - M Mirazita
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - V Mokeev
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - E Molina
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - C Munoz Camacho
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P Nadel-Turonski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Naidoo
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - K Neupane
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - S Niccolai
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Nicol
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - G Niculescu
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - M Osipenko
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M Ouillon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P Pandey
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - M Paolone
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
- New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - L L Pappalardo
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
- Universita' di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Paremuzyan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3568, USA
| | - E Pasyuk
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S J Paul
- University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - W Phelps
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - N Pilleux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Pokhrel
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - J Poudel
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - J W Price
- California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA
| | - Y Prok
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - A Radic
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - B A Raue
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - Trevor Reed
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - J Richards
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - M Ripani
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - J Ritman
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute fur Kernphysik (Juelich), 52428 Juelich, Germany
| | - P Rossi
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - F Sabatié
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Salgado
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - S Schadmand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute fur Kernphysik (Juelich), 52428 Juelich, Germany
| | - A Schmidt
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | - M B C Scott
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Y G Sharabian
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - E V Shirokov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - U Shrestha
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - P Simmerling
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - N Sparveris
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - M Spreafico
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - S Stepanyan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - I I Strakovsky
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - S Strauch
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J A Tan
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - N Trotta
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - M Turisini
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R Tyson
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Ungaro
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Vallarino
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Venturelli
- Universit'a degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - H Voskanyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - E Voutier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D P Watts
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - X Wei
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Williams
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - R Wishart
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M H Wood
- Canisius College, Buffalo, New York 14208, USA
| | - N Zachariou
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - J Zhang
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - Z W Zhao
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
| | - V Ziegler
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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Chetry T, El Fassi L, Brooks WK, Dupré R, El Alaoui A, Hafidi K, Achenbach P, Adhikari KP, Akbar Z, Armstrong WR, Arratia M, Atac H, Avakian H, Baashen L, Baltzell NA, Barion L, Bashkanov M, Battaglieri M, Bedlinskiy I, Benkel B, Benmokhtar F, Bianconi A, Biselli AS, Bondi M, Booth WA, Bossù F, Boiarinov S, Brinkmann KT, Briscoe WJ, Bulumulla D, Burkert VD, Carman DS, Carvajal JC, Celentano A, Chatagnon P, Chesnokov V, Ciullo G, Cole PL, Contalbrigo M, Costantini G, D'Angelo A, Dashyan N, De Vita R, Defurne M, Deur A, Diehl S, Djalali C, Egiyan H, Elouadrhiri L, Eugenio P, Fegan S, Filippi A, Gavalian G, Ghandilyan Y, Gilfoyle GP, Glazier DI, Golubenko AA, Gosta G, Gothe RW, Griffioen KA, Guidal M, Guo L, Hakobyan H, Hattawy M, Hayward TB, Heddle D, Hobart A, Holtrop M, Ilieva Y, Ireland DG, Isupov EL, Jenkins D, Jo HS, Kabir ML, Khanal A, Khandaker M, Kim A, Kim W, Klein FJ, Kripko A, Kubarovsky V, Lagerquist V, Lanza L, Leali M, Lee S, Lenisa P, Li X, Livingston K, MacGregor IJD, Marchand D, Mascagna V, McKinnon B, McLauchlin C, Meziani ZE, Migliorati S, Mineeva T, Mirazita M, Mokeev V, Munoz Camacho C, Nadel-Turonski P, Neupane K, Niccolai S, Nicol M, Niculescu G, Osipenko M, Ostrovidov AI, Pandey P, Paolone M, Pappalardo LL, Paremuzyan R, Pasyuk E, Paul SJ, Phelps W, Pilleux N, Pokhrel M, Poudel J, Price JW, Prok Y, Raue BA, Reed T, Richards J, Ripani M, Ritman J, Rosner G, Sabatié F, Salgado C, Schadmand S, Schmidt A, Schumacher RA, Sharabian YG, Shirokov EV, Shrestha U, Simmerling P, Sokhan D, Sparveris N, Stepanyan S, Strakovsky II, Strauch S, Tan JA, Trotta N, Tyson R, Ungaro M, Vallarino S, Venturelli L, Voskanyan H, Voutier E, Wei X, Weinstein LB, Williams R, Wishart R, Wood MH, Yurov M, Zachariou N, Zhao ZW, Zurek M. First Measurement of Λ Electroproduction off Nuclei in the Current and Target Fragmentation Regions. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:142301. [PMID: 37084423 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.142301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We report results of Λ hyperon production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering off deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets obtained with the CLAS detector and the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility 5.014 GeV electron beam. These results represent the first measurements of the Λ multiplicity ratio and transverse momentum broadening as a function of the energy fraction (z) in the current and target fragmentation regions. The multiplicity ratio exhibits a strong suppression at high z and an enhancement at low z. The measured transverse momentum broadening is an order of magnitude greater than that seen for light mesons. This indicates that the propagating entity interacts very strongly with the nuclear medium, which suggests that propagation of diquark configurations in the nuclear medium takes place at least part of the time, even at high z. The trends of these results are qualitatively described by the Giessen Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model, particularly for the multiplicity ratios. These observations will potentially open a new era of studies of the structure of the nucleon as well as of strange baryons.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chetry
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-5167, USA
| | - L El Fassi
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-5167, USA
| | - W K Brooks
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla, 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
- Center for Science and Technology of Valparaíso, 699 Valparaíso, Chile
- SAPHIR Millennium Science Institute, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Dupré
- Universit'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A El Alaoui
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla, 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - K Hafidi
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P Achenbach
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K P Adhikari
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-5167, USA
| | - Z Akbar
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - W R Armstrong
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Arratia
- University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - H Atac
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - H Avakian
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - L Baashen
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - N A Baltzell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - L Barion
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Bashkanov
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | | | - I Bedlinskiy
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute - ITEP, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - B Benkel
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla, 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - F Benmokhtar
- Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA
| | - A Bianconi
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Universit'a degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - A S Biselli
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut 06824, USA
| | - M Bondi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - W A Booth
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - F Bossù
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Boiarinov
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K-Th Brinkmann
- II Physikalisches Institut der Universitaet Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - W J Briscoe
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - D Bulumulla
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - V D Burkert
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D S Carman
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J C Carvajal
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - A Celentano
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - P Chatagnon
- Universit'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - V Chesnokov
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - G Ciullo
- Universita' di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - P L Cole
- Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA
- Lamar University, 4400 MLK Boulevard, P.O. Box 10046, Beaumont, Texas 77710, USA
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - G Costantini
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Universit'a degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - A D'Angelo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Universita' di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - N Dashyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - R De Vita
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M Defurne
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Deur
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Diehl
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
- II Physikalisches Institut der Universitaet Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - C Djalali
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - H Egiyan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - L Elouadrhiri
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Eugenio
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - S Fegan
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - A Filippi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - G Gavalian
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3568, USA
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Y Ghandilyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - G P Gilfoyle
- University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, USA
| | - D I Glazier
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A A Golubenko
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - G Gosta
- Universit'a degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - R W Gothe
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - K A Griffioen
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
| | - M Guidal
- Universit'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - L Guo
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - H Hakobyan
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla, 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - M Hattawy
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - T B Hayward
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - D Heddle
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Hobart
- Universit'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Holtrop
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3568, USA
| | - Y Ilieva
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - D G Ireland
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E L Isupov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - D Jenkins
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0435, USA
| | - H S Jo
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - M L Kabir
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-5167, USA
| | - A Khanal
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - M Khandaker
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - A Kim
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - W Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - F J Klein
- Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA
| | - A Kripko
- II Physikalisches Institut der Universitaet Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - V Kubarovsky
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - V Lagerquist
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - L Lanza
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M Leali
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Universit'a degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - S Lee
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P Lenisa
- Universita' di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - X Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | - K Livingston
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - D Marchand
- Universit'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - V Mascagna
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Universit'a degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - B McKinnon
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C McLauchlin
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Z E Meziani
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - S Migliorati
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Universit'a degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - T Mineeva
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla, 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - M Mirazita
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - V Mokeev
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Munoz Camacho
- Universit'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P Nadel-Turonski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K Neupane
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - S Niccolai
- Universit'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Nicol
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - G Niculescu
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - M Osipenko
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A I Ostrovidov
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - P Pandey
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - M Paolone
- New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - L L Pappalardo
- Universita' di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Paremuzyan
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3568, USA
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - E Pasyuk
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S J Paul
- University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - W Phelps
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - N Pilleux
- Universit'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Pokhrel
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - J Poudel
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - J W Price
- California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA
| | - Y Prok
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - B A Raue
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - T Reed
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - J Richards
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - M Ripani
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - J Ritman
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut fur Kernphysik (Juelich), Juelich 52428, Germany
| | - G Rosner
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - F Sabatié
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Salgado
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - S Schadmand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Schmidt
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | - R A Schumacher
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Y G Sharabian
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - E V Shirokov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - U Shrestha
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - P Simmerling
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - D Sokhan
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - N Sparveris
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - S Stepanyan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - I I Strakovsky
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - S Strauch
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J A Tan
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - N Trotta
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - R Tyson
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Ungaro
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Vallarino
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Venturelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Universit'a degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - H Voskanyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - E Voutier
- Universit'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - X Wei
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - L B Weinstein
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - R Williams
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - R Wishart
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M H Wood
- Canisius College, Buffalo, New York 14208, USA
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - M Yurov
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-5167, USA
| | - N Zachariou
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Z W Zhao
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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6
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Avakian H, Hayward TB, Kotzinian A, Armstrong WR, Atac H, Ayerbe Gayoso C, Baashen L, Baltzell NA, Barion L, Bashkanov M, Battaglieri M, Bedlinskiy I, Benkel B, Benmokhtar F, Bianconi A, Biondo L, Biselli AS, Bondi M, Boiarinov S, Bossù F, Brinkman KT, Briscoe WJ, Brooks WK, Bueltmann S, Bulumulla D, Burkert VD, Capobianco R, Carman DS, Carvajal JC, Celentano A, Chatagnon P, Chesnokov V, Chetry T, Ciullo G, Cole PL, Contalbrigo M, Costantini G, D'Angelo A, Dashyan N, De Vita R, Defurne M, Deur A, Diehl S, Dilks C, Djalali C, Dupre R, Egiyan H, El Alaoui A, El Fassi L, Elouadrhiri L, Fegan S, Filippi A, Forest T, Gates K, Gavalian G, Ghandilyan Y, Glazier DI, Golubenko AA, Gosta G, Gothe RW, Gotra Y, Griffioen KA, Guidal M, Hakobyan H, Hattawy M, Hauenstein F, Heddle D, Hobart A, Holtrop M, Hyde CE, Ilieva Y, Ireland DG, Isupov EL, Jo HS, Johnston R, Joo K, Kabir ML, Keller D, Khachatryan M, Khanal A, Kim A, Kim W, Klimenko V, Kripko A, Kubarovsky V, Kuhn SE, Lagerquist V, Lanza L, Leali M, Lee S, Lenisa P, Li X, MacGregor IJD, Marchand D, Mascagna V, McKinnon B, Migliorati S, Mineeva T, Mirazita M, Mokeev V, Montgomery RA, Munoz Camacho C, Nadel-Turonski P, Naidoo P, Neupane K, Nguyen D, Niccolai S, Nicol M, Niculescu G, Osipenko M, Pandey P, Paolone M, Pappalardo LL, Paremuzyan R, Pasyuk E, Paul SJ, Phelps W, Pilleux N, Pogorelko O, Pokhrel M, Poudel J, Price JW, Prok Y, Raue BA, Reed T, Richards J, Ripani M, Ritman J, Rossi P, Sabatié F, Salgado C, Schmidt A, Sharabian YG, Shirokov EV, Shrestha U, Simmerling P, Sokhan D, Sparveris N, Stepanyan S, Strakovsky II, Strauch S, Tan JA, Trotta N, Tyson R, Ungaro M, Vallarino S, Venturelli L, Voskanyan H, Vossen A, Voutier E, Watts DP, Wei X, Wishart R, Wood MH, Zachariou N, Zhao ZW, Zurek M. Observation of Correlations between Spin and Transverse Momenta in Back-to-Back Dihadron Production at CLAS12. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:022501. [PMID: 36706384 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.022501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the first measurements of deep inelastic scattering spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries in back-to-back dihadron electroproduction in the deep inelastic scattering process. In this reaction, two hadrons are produced in opposite hemispheres along the z axis in the virtual photon-target nucleon center-of-mass frame, with the first hadron produced in the current-fragmentation region and the second in the target-fragmentation region. The data were taken with longitudinally polarized electron beams of 10.2 and 10.6 GeV incident on an unpolarized liquid-hydrogen target using the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Lab. Observed nonzero sinΔϕ modulations in ep→e^{'}pπ^{+}X events, where Δϕ is the difference of the azimuthal angles of the proton and pion in the virtual photon and target nucleon center-of-mass frame, indicate that correlations between the spin and transverse momenta of hadrons produced in the target- and current-fragmentation regions may be significant. The measured beam-spin asymmetries provide a first access in dihadron production to a previously unexplored leading-twist spin- and transverse-momentum-dependent fracture function. The fracture functions describe the hadronization of the target remnant after the hard scattering of a virtual photon off a quark in the target particle and provide a new avenue for studying nucleonic structure and hadronization.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Avakian
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T B Hayward
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - A Kotzinian
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - W R Armstrong
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Atac
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - C Ayerbe Gayoso
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
| | - L Baashen
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - N A Baltzell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - L Barion
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Bashkanov
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | | | - I Bedlinskiy
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute-ITEP, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - B Benkel
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - F Benmokhtar
- Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA
| | - A Bianconi
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - L Biondo
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - A S Biselli
- Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut 06824, USA
| | - M Bondi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - S Boiarinov
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - F Bossù
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - K T Brinkman
- II. Physikalisches Institut der Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - W J Briscoe
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - W K Brooks
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - S Bueltmann
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - D Bulumulla
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - V D Burkert
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Capobianco
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - D S Carman
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J C Carvajal
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - A Celentano
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - P Chatagnon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - V Chesnokov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - T Chetry
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-5167, USA
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - G Ciullo
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
- Università di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - P L Cole
- Lamar University, 4400 MLK Boulevard, P.O. Box 10046, Beaumont, Texas 77710, USA
| | | | - G Costantini
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A D'Angelo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - N Dashyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - R De Vita
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M Defurne
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Deur
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Diehl
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
- II. Physikalisches Institut der Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - C Dilks
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
| | - C Djalali
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - R Dupre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - H Egiyan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A El Alaoui
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - L El Fassi
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-5167, USA
| | - L Elouadrhiri
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Fegan
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - A Filippi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - T Forest
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA
| | - K Gates
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Gavalian
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Y Ghandilyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - D I Glazier
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A A Golubenko
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - G Gosta
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - R W Gothe
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Y Gotra
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K A Griffioen
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
| | - M Guidal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - H Hakobyan
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - M Hattawy
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - F Hauenstein
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D Heddle
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Hobart
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Holtrop
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3568, USA
| | - C E Hyde
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - Y Ilieva
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - D G Ireland
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E L Isupov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - H S Jo
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - R Johnston
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | - K Joo
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - M L Kabir
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-5167, USA
| | - D Keller
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - M Khachatryan
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - A Khanal
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - A Kim
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - W Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - V Klimenko
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - A Kripko
- II. Physikalisches Institut der Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - V Kubarovsky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S E Kuhn
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - V Lagerquist
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - L Lanza
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M Leali
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - S Lee
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | - P Lenisa
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
- Università di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - X Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | | | - D Marchand
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - V Mascagna
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - B McKinnon
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Migliorati
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - T Mineeva
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - M Mirazita
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - V Mokeev
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - C Munoz Camacho
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P Nadel-Turonski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Naidoo
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - K Neupane
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - D Nguyen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Niccolai
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Nicol
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - G Niculescu
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - M Osipenko
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - P Pandey
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - M Paolone
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
- New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - L L Pappalardo
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
- Università di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Paremuzyan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3568, USA
| | - E Pasyuk
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S J Paul
- University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - W Phelps
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - N Pilleux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - O Pogorelko
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute-ITEP, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - M Pokhrel
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - J Poudel
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - J W Price
- California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA
| | - Y Prok
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - B A Raue
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - T Reed
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - J Richards
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - M Ripani
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - J Ritman
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute fur Kernphysik (Juelich), 52428 Juelich, Germany
| | - P Rossi
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - F Sabatié
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Salgado
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - A Schmidt
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | - Y G Sharabian
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - E V Shirokov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - U Shrestha
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - P Simmerling
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - D Sokhan
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - N Sparveris
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - S Stepanyan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - I I Strakovsky
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - S Strauch
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J A Tan
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - N Trotta
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - R Tyson
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Ungaro
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Vallarino
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Venturelli
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - H Voskanyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - A Vossen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
| | - E Voutier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D P Watts
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - X Wei
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Wishart
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M H Wood
- Canisius College, Buffalo, New York 14208, USA
| | - N Zachariou
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Z W Zhao
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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7
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Paul SJ, Morán S, Arratia M, El Alaoui A, Hakobyan H, Brooks W, Amaryan MJ, Armstrong WR, Atac H, Baashen L, Baltzell NA, Barion L, Bashkanov M, Battaglieri M, Bedlinskiy I, Benkel B, Benmokhtar F, Bianconi A, Biondo L, Biselli AS, Bondi M, Bossù F, Boiarinov S, Brinkmann KT, Briscoe WJ, Bulumulla D, Burkert VD, Capobianco R, Carman DS, Celentano A, Chesnokov V, Chetry T, Ciullo G, Cole PL, Contalbrigo M, Costantini G, D'Angelo A, Dashyan N, De Vita R, Defurne M, Deur A, Diehl S, Dilks C, Djalali C, Dupre R, Egiyan H, El Fassi L, Eugenio P, Fegan S, Filippi A, Gavalian G, Ghandilyan Y, Gilfoyle GP, Golubenko AA, Gosta G, Gothe RW, Griffioen KA, Guidal M, Hattawy M, Hayward TB, Heddle D, Hobart A, Holtrop M, Ilieva Y, Ireland DG, Isupov EL, Jo HS, Johnston R, Joo K, Joosten S, Keller D, Khanal A, Khandaker M, Kim W, Kripko A, Kubarovsky V, Lagerquist V, Lanza L, Leali M, Lee S, Lenisa P, Li X, Livingston K, MacGregor IJD, Marchand D, Mascagna V, McKinnon B, Meziani ZE, Migliorati S, Milner RG, Mineeva T, Mirazita M, Mokeev VI, Moran P, Munoz Camacho C, Neupane K, Nguyen D, Niccolai S, Niculescu G, Osipenko M, Ostrovidov AI, Pandey P, Paolone M, Pappalardo LL, Paremuzyan R, Pasyuk E, Phelps W, Pilleux N, Pocanic D, Pogorelko O, Pokhrel M, Poudel J, Price JW, Prok Y, Raue BA, Reed T, Ripani M, Rosner G, Sabatié F, Salgado C, Schmidt A, Schumacher RA, Sharabian YG, Shirokov EV, Shrestha U, Simmerling P, Sokhan D, Sparveris N, Stepanyan S, Strakovsky II, Strauch S, Tan JA, Tyson R, Ungaro M, Vallarino S, Venturelli L, Voskanyan H, Voutier E, Wei X, Wishart R, Wood MH, Zachariou N, Zhao ZW, Ziegler V, Zurek M. Observation of Azimuth-Dependent Suppression of Hadron Pairs in Electron Scattering off Nuclei. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:182501. [PMID: 36374671 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.182501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present the first measurement of dihadron angular correlations in electron-nucleus scattering. The data were taken with the CLAS detector and a 5.0 GeV electron beam incident on deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets. Relative to deuterium, the nuclear yields of charged-pion pairs show a strong suppression for azimuthally opposite pairs, no suppression for azimuthally nearby pairs, and an enhancement of pairs with large invariant mass. These effects grow with increased nuclear size. The data are qualitatively described by the gibuu model, which suggests that hadrons form near the nuclear surface and undergo multiple scattering in nuclei.These results show that angular correlation studies can open a new way to elucidate how hadrons form and interact inside nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Paul
- University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - S Morán
- University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - M Arratia
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A El Alaoui
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - H Hakobyan
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - W Brooks
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - M J Amaryan
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - W R Armstrong
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Atac
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - L Baashen
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - N A Baltzell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - L Barion
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Bashkanov
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | | | - I Bedlinskiy
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute-ITEP, Moscow, 117259, Russia
| | - B Benkel
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - F Benmokhtar
- Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA
| | - A Bianconi
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - L Biondo
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - A S Biselli
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut 06824, USA
| | - M Bondi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - F Bossù
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Boiarinov
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K-Th Brinkmann
- II Physikalisches Institut der Universitaet Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - W J Briscoe
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - D Bulumulla
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - V D Burkert
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Capobianco
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - D S Carman
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Celentano
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - V Chesnokov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - T Chetry
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - G Ciullo
- Università di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - P L Cole
- Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA
- Lamar University, 4400 MLK Blvd, P.O. Box 10046, Beaumont, Texas 77710, USA
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - G Costantini
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - A D'Angelo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome Italy
| | - N Dashyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - R De Vita
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M Defurne
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Deur
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Diehl
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
- II Physikalisches Institut der Universitaet Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - C Dilks
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
| | - C Djalali
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - R Dupre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - H Egiyan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - L El Fassi
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-5167, USA
| | - P Eugenio
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - S Fegan
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - A Filippi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - G Gavalian
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3568, USA
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Y Ghandilyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - G P Gilfoyle
- University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, USA
| | - A A Golubenko
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - G Gosta
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - R W Gothe
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - K A Griffioen
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
| | - M Guidal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Hattawy
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - T B Hayward
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - D Heddle
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Hobart
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Holtrop
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3568, USA
| | - Y Ilieva
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - D G Ireland
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E L Isupov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - H S Jo
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - R Johnston
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | - K Joo
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - S Joosten
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D Keller
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - A Khanal
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - M Khandaker
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - W Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - A Kripko
- II Physikalisches Institut der Universitaet Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - V Kubarovsky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - V Lagerquist
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - L Lanza
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M Leali
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - S Lee
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | - P Lenisa
- Università di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - X Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | - K Livingston
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - D Marchand
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - V Mascagna
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - B McKinnon
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Z E Meziani
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S Migliorati
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - R G Milner
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | - T Mineeva
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - M Mirazita
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - V I Mokeev
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Moran
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | - C Munoz Camacho
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - K Neupane
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - D Nguyen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Niccolai
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - G Niculescu
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - M Osipenko
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A I Ostrovidov
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - P Pandey
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - M Paolone
- New Mexico State University, PO Box 30001, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - L L Pappalardo
- Università di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Paremuzyan
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3568, USA
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - E Pasyuk
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - W Phelps
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - N Pilleux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D Pocanic
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - O Pogorelko
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute-ITEP, Moscow, 117259, Russia
| | - M Pokhrel
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - J Poudel
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - J W Price
- California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA
| | - Y Prok
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - B A Raue
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - T Reed
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - M Ripani
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - G Rosner
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - F Sabatié
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Salgado
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - A Schmidt
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - R A Schumacher
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Y G Sharabian
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - E V Shirokov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - U Shrestha
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - P Simmerling
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - D Sokhan
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - N Sparveris
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - S Stepanyan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - I I Strakovsky
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - S Strauch
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J A Tan
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - R Tyson
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Ungaro
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Vallarino
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Venturelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - H Voskanyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - E Voutier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - X Wei
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Wishart
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M H Wood
- Canisius College, Buffalo, New York 14208, USA
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - N Zachariou
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Z W Zhao
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
| | - V Ziegler
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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8
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Paul SJ. Smile analysis and face-bow transfer: enhancing aesthetic restorative treatment. Pract Proced Aesthet Dent 2001; 13:217-22; quiz 224. [PMID: 11360768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of current aesthetic dental treatments are to enhance the patient's smile by improving the overall dental appearance. A detailed analysis of the patient's face as it relates to the three-dimensional position, shape, and color of the teeth is required to improve this appearance. A full frontal and lateral evaluation of the patient's facial form is required to successfully complete on aesthetic smile evaluation. Additional considerations include cephalometry and a thorough dental analysis. This article demonstrates a comprehensive smile analysis technique and its communication to the dental technician.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Paul
- University of Zurich, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics, Plattenstrausse 11, 8028 Zurich, Switzerland.
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9
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Paul SJ, Jovanovic SA. Anterior implant-supported reconstructions: a prosthetic challenge. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent 1999; 11:585-90; quiz 592. [PMID: 10635244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations have demonstrated that the successful utilization of anterior implant-supported restorations in the maxilla is dependent upon the satisfaction of numerous surgical and prosthodontic criteria. Conservative treatment alternatives that use a provisionalization phase can provide clinical benefits for patients with partial edentulism by guiding tissue maturation following completion of a meticulous surgical procedure. This article demonstrates a series of prosthetic considerations that guide contemporary aesthetic restorations, and highlights the underlying surgical factors related to this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Paul
- University of Zurich, Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Sciences, Switzerland.
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10
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Jovanovic SA, Paul SJ, Nishimura RD. Anterior implant-supported reconstructions: a surgical challenge. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent 1999; 11:551-8; quiz 560. [PMID: 10635241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Reconstructive procedures are able to provide improved aesthetics for implant patients who present with anatomical limitations (e.g., vertical or horizontal tissue loss) in the anterior maxilla. Aesthetic results, however, are directly related to the ability of the treatment team to reconstruct the lost bone and soft tissue, place the implant into its proper tridimensional position in the patient's arch, and use precise restorative techniques. This article presents comprehensive treatment steps for the utilization of single-unit and multiple-unit implant-supported restorations in the anterior maxilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Jovanovic
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry 90095, USA.
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11
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Paul SJ, Welter DA, Ghazi M, Pashley D. Nanoleakage at the dentin adhesive interface vs microtensile bond strength. Oper Dent 1999; 24:181-8. [PMID: 10530280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive etching of the dentin may decrease bond strength because the adhesive may fail to completely infiltrate to the base of the over-etched demineralized collagen network. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of increasing etching times on the microtensile bond strength of Single Bond and the leakage of silver ions within the hybrid layer. After etching occlusal dentin for 15, 30, or 60 seconds with 35% phosphoric acid gel, Single Bond was applied and cured for 10 seconds. Z100 was added and cured for 60 seconds. After 24 hours of water immersion, the teeth were sectioned into slices 0.7 mm thick, and hour-glass-shaped specimens were prepared. Alternate slices were either dried for 30 minutes in air, kept wet, or they were coated with fingernail varnish except for 0.5 mm around the bonded area. Only the varnished samples were then stained with 50% AgNO3. Microtensile bond strength was tested using a Vitrodyne V-1000 universal tester. The samples of the stained group were embedded in self-curing PMMA and polished. All samples were observed with an SEM. Nanoleakage of silver ions was measured by exposure to laser ablation with an inductively connected plasma mass spectrometer and by electron dispersive elemental analysis. Increasing etching times seemed to have a negligible effect on bond strength of Single Bond, producing an average value of ca 38 MPa. However, the silver uptake increased upon prolonged etching times. Short-term results suggest that overetching has no detrimental effect on bond strength values of Single Bond. However, increased silver uptake, depending on the etching time, raises concern about the long-term stability of the bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Paul
- Medical College of Georgia, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology/Physiology, Augusta 30912-1129, USA
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12
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primers and adhesives containing hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) are placed on moist dentine even though several studies indicate that water may interfere with the polymerization reaction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of increasing amounts of water on the physical properties of a model dentine primer resin (HEMA) and model dentine bonding resin (a mixture of HEMA and Bis-GMA). METHODS Miniature (ca 10 x 0.5 mm (long x thick) hour-glass shaped and parallel-sided specimens were created by casting the monomer or comonomer mixtures into appropriately shaped moulds. The water content was either 0, 5, 9, 17 or 29 vol%. One hour after polymerization, half the specimens were subjected to physical testing under dry conditions. The other half were immersed in water for 24 h and then tested while wet. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS), modulus of elasticity (E), percent elongation at failure, and toughness were calculated. RESULTS The properties of the dry-stored primer and bonding resins were not altered by water incorporation up to 9 vol%. Higher water content lowered the physical properties (P < 0.05). Immersion of primers polymers in water for 24 h significantly decreased their properties. Water immersion of the bonding resins was unaffected only for specimens containing 0 or 5 vol% water. CONCLUSIONS The plasticizing effects of extrinsic water are far more important than the effects of intrinsic water in poly-HEMA resin. Hybrid layers composed primarily of poly-HEMA would be expected to be more elastic than those made with bifunctional, cross-linked polymer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Paul
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, USA
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13
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Abstract
Freshly prepared dentine specimens of human teeth were perfused with either horse serum or physiologic saline. After application of AllBond2, ART Bond, Syntac or an experimental dentine bonding agent called P-Bond, a composite cylinder was added and cured at the same time. After 1500 thermal cycles with constant imitation of intrapulpal pressure, the shear bond strengths were measured. Resulting shear bond strength values were analysed with Students t-test or Mann-Whitney Test. The values for AllBond2 were not significantly different. The values for ART Bond (P < 0.05) and for Syntac (P < 0.05) were significantly higher if the dentine was perfused with horse serum. For P-Bond (P < 0.001) the values were significantly higher if the dentine was perfused with physiologic saline. According to these results it does not seem to be appropriate to take a clear decision as to which of the two perfusing media investigated might be more suitable to imitate in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Augustin
- University of Zurich, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Sciences, Switzerland
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Kälin C, Paul SJ, Schärer P, Düggelin M, Mathys D, Guggenheim R. Evaluation of the interface between one-bottle bonding agents and dentin by cryopreparation and low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM). A pilot study on perfused dentinal samples. J Dent 1998; 26:511-20. [PMID: 9699445 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-5712(98)00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dentin bonding samples are generally observed in the high vacuum chamber of an electron microscope only after completion of the bonding procedure fixation, dehydration and drying of the specimens. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of each step in the application of various one-bottle dentin bonding agents (DBA) using cryopreparation followed by low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM). METHODS Prime&Bond 2.1 (P&B 2.1), Coltène Experimental (Exp.) and Syntac Single Component (Syntac SC) were applied onto perfused dentin of extracted, human third permanent molar teeth. After acid-etching, rinsing and drying, and following the application of the respective resins, the teeth were fractured at random and plunge-frozen in liquid nitrogen before examination under LTSEM. As this method preserves the state of the treated surface at the moment when it is frozen, each step of the application of the DBA can be observed as if it were a 'real-time' procedure. RESULTS Acid-etching the dentin resulted in the removal of the smear layer for all materials tested. Those one-bottle DBAs which recommend the application of two consecutive resin layers (P&B 2.1 and Syntac SC) showed incomplete saturation of the dentinal surface after application of the first layer. With Syntac SC the incomplete saturation was more pronounced than with P&B 2.1. The use of Exp. resulted in a much more homogeneous coverage of the dentin despite only one layer of resin having been applied. CONCLUSION It is concluded that cryo-preparation followed by LTSEM appears to be a method which allows each stage of the application of DBA to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kälin
- University of Zurich, Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pietrobon
- Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Sciences, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Paul SJ, Pietrobon N. Aesthetic evolution of anterior maxillary crowns: a literature review. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent 1998; 10:87-94; quiz 96. [PMID: 9582665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aesthetics of anterior maxillary restorations and health of the surrounding tissues are primary determinants of the successful outcome of a clinical procedure. Various restorative materials and application techniques have been developed to achieve optimal aesthetics. While early porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations exhibited metal margins, the development of shoulder porcelain margins in the 1980s resulted in a significant aesthetic improvement. Only in the 1990s, however, did all-porcelain restorations finally achieve the strength and complete range of optical characteristics exhibited by the natural dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Paul
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095-1668, USA.
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17
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Paul SJ, Schärer P. The dual bonding technique: a modified method to improve adhesive luting procedures. INT J PERIODONT REST 1997; 17:536-45. [PMID: 9497740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Indirect restorative procedures usually require temporary restorations for protection of the pulp and for restoring the patients esthetic and functional needs. The use of temporary cements, either with or without eugenol, however, considerably decreases the adhesion of the bond on dentin if--according to the conventional technique--such dentin bonding systems are applied once at the moment of final cementation. With a dual application of the dentin bonding agents a considerable increase in bond strength values was discovered. This article presents a modified luting procedure called the "dual bonding technique."
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Paul
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1668, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Curing dentine bonding agents create a film thickness on the surface of teeth which are prepared for all-ceramic crowns. The aim of this study was to investigate if the film thickness of dentine bonding agents (DBAs) is acceptable with the fit of definitive restorations of 50-100 microm. AllBond 2, Syntac, ART Bond, P-Bond (an experimental DBA), and the Primer of AllBond 2 were applied onto teeth which were prepared with standardized all-ceramic crown preparations. The DBAs were applied onto the prepared tooth surfaces according to manufacturers' instructions and under a standardized simulation of intrapulpal pressure. After curing the DBAs, the teeth were cut mesiodistally and orolingually and the film thickness was measured under a light microscope. Only the film thicknesses of AllBond 2 and P-Bond were low enough and, therefore, would enable curing to take place immediately after their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Peter
- Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Sciences, University of Zurich School of Dentistry, Switzerland
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19
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Paul SJ, Schärer P. Post and core reconstruction for fixed prosthodontic restoration. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent 1997; 9:513-20; quiz 522. [PMID: 9550078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
If the previous restorative therapy or dental caries has resulted in substantial loss of tooth structure, the abutment teeth for fixed prosthodontic restorations require a core reconstruction or a post and core. Small dentin defects can be restored with bonded cores; more extensive dentin defects that are often accompanied by previous endodontic treatment generally require additional support for the core material. A direct procedure with a bonded post is a viable treatment method. The decision to use either light-conducting all-ceramic zirconium or titanium as a post material depends on the aesthetic requirements present. The indications for a cast post and core as an indirect procedure for prosthodontic reconstructions appear to be decreasing. The learning objective of this article is to review the past and current post and core materials and techniques. Indications for core reconstruction with vital teeth and posts and cores for pulpless teeth are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Paul
- Section of Removable Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry 90024-1668, USA
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20
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Abstract
This in vitro study reports on the cleaning effect of different soaps on the shear bond strength of various dentine-bonding agents. Human teeth were coated with provisional cements for 24 h or for 14 days. After removing the provisional cements with a scaler, the dentinal surface was cleaned with a cotton pellet and non-fluoridated flour of pumice and soap for 10 sec. Different dentine-bonding agents and a luting resin were bonded to the dentinal surface according to manufacturers' instructions with the bonding agent and the composite material being light-cured at the same time. The bonding agents were tested under intrapulpal pressure and with thermal cycling to imitate physiological conditions. Compared with cleaning the dentine with water and pumice, all soaps investigated in this study decreased the shear bond strength values of the tested dentine-bonding agents considerably.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bachmann
- University of Zurich School of Dentistry, Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Sciences, Switzerland
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21
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Holderegger C, Paul SJ, Lüthy H, Schärer P. Bond strength of one-bottle dentin bonding agents on human dentin. Am J Dent 1997; 10:71-6. [PMID: 9545893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the shear bond strength of one-bottle dentin bonding agents (DBA's) (Prime & Bond 2.1, ART Experimental, Syntac Single Component) on pressurized human dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Freshly prepared dentin specimens of human teeth were perfused with horse serum which was diluted 1:5 in physiologic saline. Three different types of surface treatment were evaluated on the freshly prepared dentin. Group 1: One of the three one-bottle DBA's was applied onto freshly prepared dentin together with a cylinder of composite luting resin and cured. Group 2: A provisional cement (Freegenol, without eugenol, or Temp Bond, containing eugenol) was applied first on the dentin surface for 24 h. Only then was one of the three the one-bottle DBA's added onto the dentin together with a cylinder of composite luting resin after cleaning the dentin surface with pumice. Group 3: One of the three one-bottle DBA's was applied first on the dentin surface and light-cured. Then a provisional cement (Freegenol, without eugenol, or Temp Bond, containing eugenol) was added for 24 h. After cleaning with pumice, the respective one-bottle DBA was applied for a second time onto the dentin together with a cylinder of composite luting resin and light-cured. As control for Group 1 (freshly prepared dentin), the two- or three-step DBA's ART Bond and Syntac were used in a similar way. As control for Group 2 (single application of the DBA's after contamination of the dentin with a provisional cement) and Group 3 (dual application of the DBA's with intermediate contamination of the dentin with a provisional cement) the two-step DBA ART Bond was used. After 1500 thermal cycles with constant imitation of intrapulpal pressure, shear bond strengths were measured. Resulting shear bond strength values were displayed by means of a box plot and they were analyzed statistically by Student's t-Test or one-way ANOVA. RESULTS Lowest and highest mean shear bond strength values were 0.26 +/- 0.47 MPa (single use of ART Bond with prior application of Temp Bond) and 16.34 +/- 5.02 MPa (dual use of ART Bond with intermediate application of Temp Bond). With respect to the surface treatment significant differences between the DBA's could be found in all groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Holderegger
- University of Zurich, Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Martin R, Paul SJ, Lüthy H, Schärer P. Dentin bond strength of Dyract Cem. Am J Dent 1997; 10:27-31. [PMID: 9545917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the influence of provisional cements and of a dentin bonding agent on the adhesion of a self-curing polyacid-modified resin composite (Dyract Cem) on pressurized human dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Freshly prepared dentin specimens of human teeth were perfused with physiologic saline. Three different types of surface treatment were evaluated. (1) Dyract Cem was applied to freshly prepared dentin without (Group 1.1) or with (Group 1.2) the respective dentin bonding agent (Prime & Bond 2.0) and cured. (2) Freegenol (Groups 2.1 and 2.2) or Temp Bond (Groups 2.3 and 2.4) were applied first on the dentin surface for 24 hours. Only then was Dyract Cem (with or without Prime & Bond 2.0) added onto the dentin after cleaning the dentin surface with pumice. 3) Prime & Bond 2.0 was applied first on the dentin surface and cured. Then Freegenol (Group 3.1) or Temp Bond (Group 3.2) were added for 24 hours. After cleaning with pumice, Prime & Bond 2.0 was applied for a second time on the dentin (= dual application) and finally Dyract Cem was added. As control, a conventional glass ionomer cement (Ketac-Cem Maxicap; Groups 4.1-4.3) was used in a similar way. After 1,500 thermal cycles with constant imitation of intrapulpal pressure, shear bond strengths were measured. Resulting shear bond strength values were displayed by means of a box plot and they were analyzed statistically by Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis or one way ANOVA tests. RESULTS Lowest and highest mean shear bond strength values were 0.27 +/- 0.42 MPa (Group 2.4; single use of Prime & Bond 2.0 with prior application of TempBond) and 5.84 +/- 3.36 MPa (Group 3.1; dual use of Prime & Bond 2.0 with intermediate application of Freegenol). A clearly significant difference between groups could only be found when a single or dual use of the dentin bonding agent Prime & Bond 2.0 were combined with either Freegenol (Groups 2.1, 2.2 and 3.1; Kruskal-Wallis: P < 0.01) or Temp Bond (Groups 2.3, 2.4 and 3.2; Kruskal-Wallis: P < 0.001) as additional dentin surface treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Martin
- University of Zurich, Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Sciences, Switzerland
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23
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Abstract
Temporization of prepared teeth is needed for protection of the pulp and the restoration of the patients' aesthetic and functional needs. When zinc-oxyphosphate cement is used, eugenol-containing provisional cements are preferred because of their sedative effect to the pulp and because of their acceptable compressive strength. However, prior to definitive adhesive cementation with composite luting resins and dentine bonding agents the use of eugenol-containing provisional cements has to be considered critical because eugenol severely disturbs the polymerization of resinous materials. The purpose of this study was to compare shear bond strength values of various adhesive luting systems on dentine which had been in contact with various provisional cements prior to dentine bonding. The results show that the provisional cements which were used considerably decreased some of the bond strength values of the dentine bonding systems tested. Freegenol and Fermit, however, seem to have beneficial effects on the SBS values of Syntac and ART Bond. The only bonding system which produces acceptably high average SBS values with a eugenol-containing provisional cement was P-Bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Paul
- Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Sciences, University of Zurich School of Dentistry, Switzerland
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24
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Bertschinger C, Paul SJ, Lüthy H, Schärer P. Dual application of dentin bonding agents: effect on bond strength. Am J Dent 1996; 9:115-9. [PMID: 9002801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of a dual application of dentin bonding agents (DBA) on their shear bond strength on dentin with intermediate application of a provisional cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Freshly prepared flat dentin surfaces of human teeth were coated with a first layer of one of various dentin bonding agents (All-Bond 2, ART Bond, Syntac or an experimental DBA called P-Bond). After curing the DBA, a provisional cement (Temp Bond, Freegenol or Fermit, a soft provisional diacrylate) was applied to the bonded dentin surface. After 24 hours, the provisional cement was removed and the dentin surface scrubbed with pumice. A second application of the same DBA together with a composite cylinder followed. After curing and 1,500 thermal cycles with constant imitation of intrapulpal pressure, shear bond strengths were measured. RESULTS Compared to a single application of dentin bonding agents following Temp Bond treatment (SBS in MPa: Syntac: 0.86 +/- 1.75, ART Bond: 0.26 +/- 0.47, P-Bond: 14.90 +/- 4.51) application of DBAs prior to use of Temp Bond as well as after its removal seems to be very beneficial to shear bond strength values (SBS in MPa: Syntac:13.36 +/- 4.70, ART Bond: 16.34 +/- 5.02, P-Bond: 19.04 +/- 2.01). Independent from the provisional cement, the values after serial application of P-Bond provided consistently high bond values which were not statistically different (Kruskal-Wallis, P > 0.05) from values of P-Bond on fresh dentin (18.19 +/- 2.29 MPa). The only exception from these findings in the present study was All-Bond 2. Regardless of the provisional materials used, the bond strength values of All-Bond 2 remained low (maximum SBS with Fermit as intermediate provisional cement: 4.63 +/- 2.91 MPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bertschinger
- Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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25
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Paul SJ, Pliska P, Pietrobon N, Schärer P. Light transmission of composite luting resins. INT J PERIODONT REST 1996; 16:164-73. [PMID: 9084304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The final color of all-ceramic restorations is dependent on the surrounding structures and on the ceramic itself. The degree that the layer of the composite luting agent contributes to this final color formation can only be estimated. Based on general optical physics, this paper reports on transmissivity of some commercially available composite luting resins and discusses how these theoretical results apply to clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Paul
- Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Sciences, University of Zurich School of Dentistry, Switzerland
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Paul SJ, Pietrobon N, Schärer P. The new In-Ceram Spinell system--a case report. INT J PERIODONT REST 1995; 15:520-7. [PMID: 9601250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The final color of all-ceramic restorations is mainly dependent on the light-transmission characteristics of the different components of the ceramic material. This article is a report on the improvement in light reflection and light transmission possible with the new In-Ceram Spinell crown system, which provides a natural-looking appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Paul
- Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Sciences, University of Zurich, School of Dentistry, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Paul
- Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Sciences, University of Zurich School of Dentistry, Switzerland
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Paul SJ, Scharer P. Factors in dentin bonding. Part II: A review of the morphology and physiology of human dentin. J Esthet Dent 1993; 5:51-4. [PMID: 8240846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S J Paul
- Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics-Dental Material Sciences, University of Zurich School of Dentistry, Switzerland
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Paul SJ, Scharer P. Factors in dentin bonding. Part 1: A review of the morphology and physiology of human dentin. J Esthet Dent 1993; 5:5-8. [PMID: 8507511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Dentin bonding has been the object of intensive research for many years. If a substance is expected to bond to a natural tooth surface, the morphologic and physiologic characteristics of the substrate determine both the bonding applications and testing methods used.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Paul
- Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Sciences, University of Zurich School of Dentistry, Switzerland
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Dalkin AC, Paul SJ, Haisenleder DJ, Ortolano GA, Yasin M, Marshall JC. Gonadal steroids effect similar regulation of gonadotrophin subunit mRNA expression in both male and female rats. J Endocrinol 1992; 132:39-45. [PMID: 1737957 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1320039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gonadal steroids can act both indirectly via gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and directly on the pituitary to regulate gonadotrophin subunit gene expression. Recent studies to assess a possible direct action at the pituitary have shown that testosterone, when given to males in the absence of endogenous GnRH action, selectively increases FSH-beta mRNA concentrations. Conversely, in females, oestradiol appears to regulate gonadotrophin subunit mRNAs primarily via GnRH. The present study was designed to determine whether these differing results reflect specific actions of the gonadal steroids themselves or different responses of the pituitary gonadotroph cells in males and females. Rats which had been castrated 7 days earlier were given silicone elastomer implants (s.c.) containing oestradiol (plasma oestradiol 68 +/- 4 ng/l) in males or testosterone (plasma testosterone 3.5 +/- 0.3 micrograms/l) in females in the absence or presence of a GnRH antagonist. Seven days later pituitaries were removed and steady-state mRNA concentrations measured by dot-blot hybridization. In males, oestradiol reduced LH-beta and FSH-beta but not alpha mRNA. The antagonist reduced levels of all three subunit mRNAs in males and the addition of oestradiol had no further effect, suggesting that oestradiol regulates gonadotrophin subunit gene expression in males by suppressing GnRH secretion. In females, testosterone reduced all three subunit mRNAs though FSH-beta remained threefold higher than in intact animals. The GnRH antagonist was as effective as testosterone alone and reduced alpha and LH-beta to levels found in intact animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Dalkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109
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Marshall JC, Dalkin AC, Haisenleder DJ, Paul SJ, Ortolano GA, Kelch RP. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulses: regulators of gonadotropin synthesis and ovulatory cycles. Recent Prog Horm Res 1991; 47:155-87; discussion 188-9. [PMID: 1745819 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-571147-0.50009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The data reviewed present evidence that the pattern of GnRH secretion is an important factor in the regulation of gonadotropin subunit gene expression, gonadotropin synthesis, and secretion. The information on regulation of mRNA expression by GnRH pulses should be considered with some caution, as the experiments were performed in male rats and may not accurately reflect events in female primates or humans. However, an overall pattern emerges which suggests that common factors may be involved in all mammalian species. If current evidence is correct, and only a single gonadotropin-releasing hormone exists, then mechanisms to differentially regulate the three gonadotropin genes may involve changes in GnRH secretion. Alterations in GnRH pulse frequency and amplitude are recognized by the pituitary gonadotrope cell and could be the mechanism used to effect differential expression of the gonadotropin subunit genes. Differential regulation of subunit gene expression would be expected to be critically important in the establishment of pubertal maturation, and subsequently in the maintenance of ovulatory cycles in women. Our hypotheses, proposing a major role of pulsatile GnRH secretion in the regulation of human reproduction, are summarized in schematic form in Fig. 14 for men and Fig. 15 for women. In utero and during the first few months of life, GnRH is secreted at a relatively fast frequency (approximately 1 pulse/hour). During the first year, GnRH secretion is inhibited and both the amplitude and apparent frequency of pulsatile release is markedly reduced. The mechanisms involved in inhibiting GnRH release remain unclear in humans. Similarly, the mechanisms involved in the disinhibition of GnRH secretion, which first occurs during sleep at the initiation of puberty, are unclear, but in humans do not appear to involve opiates. In males, the increased frequency and amplitude of GnRH secretion favor LH synthesis and release, which in turn stimulates testosterone secretion (Fig. 14). Testosterone acts at the hypothalamus, perhaps through opioid mechanisms, to inhibit GnRH pulse frequency and to maintain a regular pattern of pulses occurring approximately every 90-110 min in adult males. In females, the mechanisms involving alterations in the patterns of GnRH secretion to regulate reproduction appear more complex. This may reflect the need to differentially synthesize and secrete FSH and LH at different times during reproductive cycles to allow orderly follicular maturation and ovulation. As shown in Fig. 15, we hypothesize that the events during the first decade of life and through the initiation of nocturnal GnRH secretion at puberty are similar in both sexes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Marshall
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908
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Paul SJ, Ortolano GA, Haisenleder DJ, Stewart JM, Shupnik MA, Marshall JC. Gonadotropin subunit messenger RNA concentrations after blockade of gonadotropin-releasing hormone action: testosterone selectively increases follicle-stimulating hormone beta-subunit messenger RNA by posttranscriptional mechanisms. Mol Endocrinol 1990; 4:1943-55. [PMID: 1707128 DOI: 10.1210/mend-4-12-1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gonadotropin gene expression by sex steroids may occur via direct effects on the pituitary and/or indirect effects of steroids mediated through hypothalamic GnRH. We aimed to define the effects of testosterone (T) on alpha, LH beta, and FSH beta mRNA expression in the male rat after blockade of GnRH action on the gonadotrope. A water-soluble GnRH antagonist was administered iv to castrate male rats (increased endogenous GnRH secretion) and to castrate T-replaced rats in which gonadotropin subunit mRNAs had been increased by prior treatment with exogenous GnRH pulses. In castrate male rats, GnRH antagonist resulted in a fall in all three subunit mRNAs. Alpha and LH beta declined at slower rates (half-disappearance after 50 and 65 h, respectively), and neither fell to values present in intact rats over 84 h. In contrast, FSH beta mRNA declined more rapidly, with a half-disappearance after 20 h. In castrate T-replaced rats, alpha mRNA declined at a rate similar to that in castrates (half-disappearance after 50 h). LH beta declined more slowly, and the rate of FSH beta decline was markedly prolonged in the presence of T (half-disappearance time increased from 20 to 50 h). These results suggest that T exerts direct effects on FSH beta transcription or mRNA stability which are independent of GnRH action. To assess these possibilities, a long-acting GnRH antagonist (Detirelix) was administered to castrate male rats, which also received T or sham implants 4 days after castration. FSH beta mRNA levels fell during the 4 days of Detirelix alone, but the addition of T on day 4 resulted in a 2-fold rise in FSH beta mRNA, restoring FSH beta mRNA to levels present in intact rats. Serum FSH closely paralleled FSH beta mRNA concentrations. Alpha mRNA was reduced by 25%, and LH beta mRNA concentrations were unchanged in the presence of T. The rate of alpha mRNA transcription was markedly reduced and that of LH beta tended to fall in T-treated rats, but T had no significant effect on the FSH beta transcription rate. Thus, the action of T to increase concentrations of cytosolic FSH beta mRNA appears to be exerted at a posttranscriptional level, possibly via effects of T on FSH beta mRNA stability. This may represent a mechanism by which T can effect differential regulation of gonadotropin subunit mRNA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Paul
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0354
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Haisenleder DJ, Ortolano GA, Dalkin AC, Ellis TR, Paul SJ, Marshall JC. Differential regulation of gonadotropin subunit gene expression by gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse amplitude in female rats. Endocrinology 1990; 127:2869-75. [PMID: 2123443 DOI: 10.1210/endo-127-6-2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of GnRH in regulating gonadotropin subunit gene expression was examined in adult female rats. Animals were ovariectomized, estradiol implants inserted sc, and jugular cannulae placed into the right atria. On the next day, animals were given GnRH pulses (saline to controls) every 30 min for up to 48 h and alpha, LH beta, and FSH beta mRNA levels measured by hybridization to cDNA probes. To determine the effects of GnRH treatment duration, rats received GnRH pulses (25 ng at 30-min intervals) for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. FSH beta mRNA was increased (by 92%) after 6 h of pulses and remained elevated through 48 h. alpha mRNA was not increased until 12 h (27% increase) and rose further (57%) by 48 h. LH beta mRNA levels were only transiently increased at 12 h (67%) and values were not different from saline controls after 24 or 48 h. To examine whether the rise in serum PRL which is characteristic of the ovariectomized-estradiol animal model was responsible for the decrease in LH beta mRNA responsiveness to GnRH over longer durations, studies were repeated in bromocriptine-treated animals (0.6 mg sc, twice daily). The results showed similar response patterns for all three subunit mRNAs including the decrease in LH beta after 48 h. A third experiment examined the effect of varying GnRH pulse amplitude (0.5-250 ng/pulse at 30-min intervals) over 12 h. alpha mRNA levels were increased by all GnRH doses greater than 5 ng with maximum responses after 250 ng pulses. LH and FSH beta mRNAs were both elevated by GnRH pulse doses of 0.5-25 ng (P less than 0.05 vs. saline controls). Maximal increases (2-fold) were seen after 5 ng pulses for LH beta and after 15-ng pulses for FSH beta mRNA. These results show that pulsatile GnRH increases FSH beta mRNA more rapidly than alpha or LH beta mRNAs in female rats. In addition, high amplitude GnRH pulses increase only alpha mRNA, whereas both LH beta and FSH beta mRNAs show maximum responses to lower doses. The data suggest that alterations in the amplitude of the GnRH pulsatile signal can exert differential effects on gonadotropin gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Haisenleder
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109
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Paul SJ, Sisson JC. Thyrotoxicosis caused by thyroid cancer. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1990; 19:593-612. [PMID: 2261908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Well-differentiated follicular carcinoma causing thyrotoxicosis is a rare entity. The age and sex distribution is no different from that of other patients with follicular carcinoma, with 87% older than the age of 40 and a female:male ratio of 3:1. The clinical presentation is similar to that of Graves' patients except that evidence of metastatic disease is often present (soft tissue masses, bone pain). The metastases are in the usual locations (bone, lung, mediastinum) and are often bulky. Despite the poor efficiency of iodine uptake and thyroid hormone production, the large tumor mass is capable of producing excessive hormone. Laboratory data confirm the hyperthyroid state, but the occurrence of T3 elevations with normal T4 levels is common, and T3 toxicosis may be missed if only T4 levels are measured. The role of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins is still evolving, but such stimulators may support the growth of metastatic thyroid carcinoma and promote the development of hyperthyroidism. The treatment of these patients varied. Most had thyroidectomy followed by 131I therapy. Dosimetry allows for the administration of the largest dose of 131I with acceptable side effects. A good response to radioiodine predicted a more favorable outcome. The survival of patients with metastatic thyroid carcinoma causing hyperthyroidism does not differ from euthyroid patients with metastatic follicular disease (10-year survival, 59%).
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Paul
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
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Paul SJ. [Plea for gold foil fillings. Results of REM study]. Phillip J 1990; 7:87-95. [PMID: 2171026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Haisenleder DJ, Ortolano GA, Dalkin AC, Paul SJ, Chin WW, Marshall JC. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone regulation of gonadotrophin subunit gene expression: studies in tri-iodothyronine-suppressed rats. J Endocrinol 1989; 122:117-25. [PMID: 2504867 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1220117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that a pulsatile gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulus can increase steady-state levels of alpha and LH-beta subunit mRNAs in the male rat pituitary. Since alpha subunit is produced in both thyrotroph and gonadotroph cells, the effect of GnRH specifically on gonadotroph alpha gene expression is uncertain. To address this tissue, adult male rats were given injections of tri-iodothyronine (T3; 20 micrograms/100 g body wt, i.p.) daily for 8 days (day 8 = day of death) in order to decrease thyrotroph alpha mRNA levels (+T3 group). Saline injections (i.p.) were given to control animals (-T3group). Three days before GnRH administration, the animals were castrated and testosterone implants inserted s.c., to inhibit endogenous GnRH secretion. GnRH pulses (25 ng/pulse; 30-min interval) were given to freely moving animals (saline pulses to controls) via an atrial cannula for 12,24 or 48 h. Serum LH and FSH were measured before and 20 min after the last GnRH pulse. Pituitary RNA was extracted and alpha, LH-beta, FSH-beta and prolactin mRNA levels were determined by dotblot hybridization using 32P-labelled cDNA probes. Castration and testosterone replacement reduced alpha and LH-beta mRNA levels by 30 and 40% respectively, compared with levels in untreated intact males, but did not decrease FSH-beta concentrations. T3 administration further decreased alpha mRNA to 30% of values seen in intact males, but LH-beta mRNA levels were unchanged. FSH-beta mRNA concentrations were decreased by 23% in T3-treated rats (P less than 0.05 vs intact controls).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Haisenleder
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0354
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Lee LR, Paul SJ, Smith MS. Dose response effects of pulsatile GnRH administration on restoration of pituitary GnRH receptors and pulsatile LH secretion during lactation. Neuroendocrinology 1989; 49:664-8. [PMID: 2549439 DOI: 10.1159/000125185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ovariectomized (OVX) rats suckling 8 pups have a complete suppression of pulsatile LH secretion and a decrease in pituitary GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) content. Removing the suckling stimulus for 24 h results in a sharp increase in GnRH-R and a restoration of pulsatile LH secretion. These findings suggest that the suckling stimulus induces a suppression of GnRH secretion, and removal of the suckling stimulus permits the restoration of GnRH secretion. Indeed, if GnRH antiserum is injected at the time of pup removal, the restoration of pituitary GnRH-R and LH secretion is prevented. The present studies were designed to test our hypothesis that the deficits in pituitary gonadotroph function observed during lactation are due to suckling-induced suppression of GnRH. Exogenous GnRH was administered in a pulsatile regimen to OVX lactating rats on days 10 and 11 postpartum, and the effects on pituitary GnRH-R levels, pituitary sensitivity to GnRH, and pulsatile LH secretion were assessed. GnRH doses of 0, 0.5, 2.0 or 5.0 ng/pulse were administered every 50 min for 24 h beginning on day 10. Administration of 0.5 ng GnRH/pulse for 24 h increased GnRH-R from 35 +/- 3 to 63 +/- 8 fmol/pituitary. There was a clear GnRH dose-related upregulation of GnRH-R to approach nonsuckling levels (140-160 fmol/pituitary) with the 5 ng GnRH dose. At the beginning of GnRH administration, the pituitary was very unresponsive to GnRH. Consistent LH pulses were only observed with 5 ng GnRH/pulse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pa
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Abstract
Two patients in whom a massive bolus of air was introduced into the arterial circuit and ascending aorta during valve replacement and in whom the recovery was complete are presented. The technical details of the management of this serious accident are described.
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Vokonas PS, Malsky PM, Paul SJ, Robbins SL, Hood WB. Radioautographic studies in experimental myocardial infarction: profiles of ischemic blood flow and quantification of infarct size in relation to magnitude of ischemic zone. Am J Cardiol 1978; 42:67-75. [PMID: 677039 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(78)90987-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Malsky PM, Vokonas PS, Paul SJ, Robbins SL, Hood WB. Autoradiographic measurement of regional blood flow in normal and ischemic myocardium. Am J Physiol 1977; 232:H576-83. [PMID: 879295 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1977.232.6.h576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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