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Spigaglia P, Barbanti F, Faccini S, Vescovi M, Criscuolo EM, Ceruti R, Gaspano C, Rosignoli C. Clostridioides difficile in Pigs and Dairy Cattle in Northern Italy: Prevalence, Characterization and Comparison between Animal and Human Strains. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1738. [PMID: 37512910 PMCID: PMC10383565 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been observed that novel strains of Clostridioides difficile can rapidly emerge and move between animal and human hosts. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of C. difficile in pigs and dairy cattle in northern Italy and to characterize and compare C. difficile animal strains with those from patients from the same geographical area. The C. difficile strains were isolated from animals from farms and slaughterhouses (cross-sectional studies) and from neonatal animals with enteric disorders in routine diagnostic investigations (passive surveillance). Samples positive for C. difficile were found in 87% of the pig farms and in 40% of the cattle farms involved in the cross-sectional studies, with a 20% prevalence among suckling piglets and 6.7% prevalence in neonatal calves, with no significant difference between animals with and without diarrheal symptoms. The prevalence of C. difficile in older animal categories was significantly lower. This result suggests that young age is an important risk factor for C. difficile colonization. In cross-sectional studies at slaughterhouses, in both the heavy pigs and dairy cows examined, only 2% of the intestinal content samples were positive for C. difficile and no contamination was found on the surface of the carcasses. Considering passive surveillance, the prevalence rates of positive samples were 29% in piglets and 1.4% in calves. Overall, 267 strains of animal origin and 97 from humans were collected. In total, 39 ribotypes (RTs) were identified, with RT 078 and RT 018 being predominant among animals and humans, respectively. Several RTs overlapped between animals and patients. In particular, RT 569 was identified as an emergent type in our country. Resistance to erythromycin and moxifloxacin was widely diffused among C. difficile strains, regardless of origin. This study supports C. difficile as a pathogen of one-health importance and highlights the need for a collaborative approach between physicians and veterinarians to control and prevent infections that are able to cross species and geographical barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Spigaglia
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Barbanti
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Faccini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "B. Ubertini", Sede Territoriale di Mantova, 46100 Mantova, Italy
| | - Mariella Vescovi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "B. Ubertini", Sede Territoriale di Mantova, 46100 Mantova, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Ceruti
- Servizio di Medicina di Laboratorio, ASST Ospedale "Carlo Poma", 46100 Mantova, Italy
| | - Clara Gaspano
- Servizio di Medicina di Laboratorio, ASST Ospedale "Carlo Poma", 46100 Mantova, Italy
| | - Carlo Rosignoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "B. Ubertini", Sede Territoriale di Mantova, 46100 Mantova, Italy
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Rugna G, Carra E, Bergamini F, Franzini G, Faccini S, Gattuso A, Morganti M, Baldi D, Naldi S, Serraino A, Piva S, Merialdi G, Giacometti F. Distribution, virulence, genotypic characteristics and antibiotic resistance of Listeria monocytogenes isolated over one-year monitoring from two pig slaughterhouses and processing plants and their fresh hams. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 336:108912. [PMID: 33091754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes contamination in raw pork and ready to eat foods is an important food safety concern, also for the increasing detection of antimicrobial-resistant isolates. Data on L. monocytogenes occurrence, persistence, distribution and genetic characterization in two different plants, namely in continuum from slaughtered pigs, environment and unfinished products (fresh hams) were observed by one-year monitoring and were integrated with their antimicrobial resistance patterns. A total of 98 samples out of the overall 1131 (8.7%) were positive for L. monocytogenes, respectively 2.6% and 13.2% in plants A and B: only three serotypes were identified, 1/2c (50%), 1/2b (36.7%) and 1/2a (13.27%), and strains were classified in 35 pulsotypes and 16 clusters by PFGE; a unique P-type was highlighted according to the detection of virulence genes. The contamination flow of L. monocytogenes has a low occurrence in slaughterhouse (Plant A = 1.1%, Plant B: 3.1%; p > 0.05) and increased throughout the processing chain with trimming area as the most contaminated (Plant A: 25%, Plant B: 57%; (p < 0.05)), both in the environment and in unfinished products (80% in hams before trimming in plant B). The dominant role of environmental contamination in post-slaughter processing is confirmed to be a significant cause of meat contamination by L. monocytogenes. Very high levels of resistance were observed for clindamycin (57%) and high resistance levels (>20-50%) to ciprofloxacin, oxacillin, levofloxacin and daptomycin, confirming the L. monocytogenes resistance trend to a wide range of antimicrobial agents. A total of 11 L. monocytogenes isolates were multidrug resistant and 7 out of them were isolated from slaughtered pigs. An interesting significant (p < 0.05) statistical correlation has been found between resistance to some antimicrobial agents and lineage/serotypes. Microbiological sampling of food and environments after sanitization are commonly used as verification procedure for the absence of L. monocytogenes in food plants and to give assurance of food safety, but strains characterization is necessary for industries to target specific control measures, like the enforcement of the hygiene program and of the control of operator activities, at least for permanent strains. The only presence of L. monocytogenes could not be considered as the conclusive assessment of a potential risk for public health, also in terms of emerging and emerged antimicrobial resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Rugna
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute in Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Carra
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute in Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Bergamini
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute in Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliana Franzini
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute in Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Faccini
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute in Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonietta Gattuso
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Morganti
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute in Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Deborah Baldi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute in Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Simona Naldi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute in Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Serraino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Piva
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merialdi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute in Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Giacometti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Chiapponi C, Ducatez M, Faccini S, Foni E, Gaudino M, Hägglund S, Luppi A, Meyer G, Moreno A, Näslund K, Nemanichvili N, Oliva J, Prosperi A, Rosignoli C, Renault V, Saegerman C, Sausy A, Snoeck C, Valarcher J, Verheije H, Zohari S. Risk assessment for influenza D in Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [PMCID: PMC7300431 DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2020.en-1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Chiapponi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” Italy
| | - Mariette Ducatez
- French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment France
| | - Silvia Faccini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” Italy
| | - Emmanuela Foni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” Italy
| | - Maria Gaudino
- French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment France
| | | | - Andrea Luppi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” Italy
| | - Gilles Meyer
- French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment France
| | - Ana Moreno
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”
| | | | | | - Justine Oliva
- French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment France
| | - Alice Prosperi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” Italy
| | - Carlo Rosignoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” Italy
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Chiapponi C, Faccini S, Fusaro A, Moreno A, Prosperi A, Merenda M, Baioni L, Gabbi V, Rosignoli C, Alborali GL, Cavicchio L, Monne I, Torreggiani C, Luppi A, Foni E. Detection of a New Genetic Cluster of Influenza D Virus in Italian Cattle. Viruses 2019; 11:v11121110. [PMID: 31801277 PMCID: PMC6949953 DOI: 10.3390/v11121110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza D virus (IDV) has been increasingly reported all over the world. Cattle are considered the major viral reservoir. Based on the hemagglutinin-esterase (HEF) gene, three main genetic and antigenic clusters have been identified: D/OK distributed worldwide, D/660 detected only in the USA and D/Japan in Japan. Up to 2017, all the Italian IDV isolates belonged to the D/OK genetic cluster. From January 2018 to May 2019, we performed virological surveillance for IDV from respiratory outbreaks in 725 bovine farms in Northern Italy by RT-PCR. Seventy-four farms were positive for IDV. A full or partial genome sequence was obtained from 29 samples. Unexpectedly, a phylogenetic analysis of the HEF gene showed the presence of 12 strains belonging to the D/660 cluster, previously unreported in Europe. The earliest D/660 strain was collected in March 2018 from cattle imported from France. Moreover, we detected one viral strain with a reassortant genetic pattern (PB2, PB1, P42, HEF and NP segments in the D/660 cluster, whilst P3 and NS segments in the D/OK cluster). These results confirm the circulation of IDV in the Italian cattle population and highlight the need to monitor the development of the spreading of this influenza virus in order to get more information about the epidemiology and the ecology of IDV viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Chiapponi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.F.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.R.); (G.L.A.); (A.L.); (E.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-293733
| | - Silvia Faccini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.F.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.R.); (G.L.A.); (A.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Alice Fusaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.F.); (L.C.); (I.M.)
| | - Ana Moreno
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.F.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.R.); (G.L.A.); (A.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Alice Prosperi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.F.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.R.); (G.L.A.); (A.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Marianna Merenda
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.F.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.R.); (G.L.A.); (A.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Laura Baioni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.F.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.R.); (G.L.A.); (A.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Valentina Gabbi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.F.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.R.); (G.L.A.); (A.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Carlo Rosignoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.F.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.R.); (G.L.A.); (A.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Giovanni L. Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.F.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.R.); (G.L.A.); (A.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Lara Cavicchio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.F.); (L.C.); (I.M.)
| | - Isabella Monne
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.F.); (L.C.); (I.M.)
| | - Camilla Torreggiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.F.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.R.); (G.L.A.); (A.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Andrea Luppi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.F.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.R.); (G.L.A.); (A.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Emanuela Foni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.F.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.R.); (G.L.A.); (A.L.); (E.F.)
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Boniotti MB, Papetti A, Bertasio C, Giacomini E, Lazzaro M, Cerioli M, Faccini S, Bonilauri P, Vezzoli F, Lavazza A, Alborali GL. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus in Italy: Disease spread and the role of transportation. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1935-1942. [PMID: 30094946 PMCID: PMC7169760 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus (PEDV) causes watery diarrhoea, dehydration, and a high mortality rate among suckling pigs. Recently, PEDV had a large negative economic impact on the swine industries in Asia and North America. In 2014, PEDV re-emerged in many European countries, but most countries only reported a few sporadic cases. Here, we report the epidemic wave that occurred in Italy from 2015 to 2017. During this time, PEDV was detected by real-time PCR in 438 farms located mainly in the high-density pig production area in Northern Italy. Most of the outbreaks were in farrow-to-finish, farrow-to-wean and finisher farms. Clinical signs were observed mainly in suckling and fattening animals, while mortality rates were higher in piglets, reaching 50%. A sequence analysis showed that a PEDV strain, similar to the OH851 S-INDEL strain isolated in the USA in January 2014, was responsible for the outbreaks in Italy in 2015 and 2016. However, from January 2017, a recombinant variant strain, containing a portion of the Swine Enteric Coronavirus in the S1 gene, spread and almost completely outcompeted the previous nonrecombinant strain. In total, 14.1% of the environmental swabs collected from trucks at slaughterhouses after animals were unloaded tested positive for PEDV before the trucks were cleaned and disinfected, and 46% remained positive after cleaning and disinfection processes were performed. Moreover, environmental swabs indicated that 17.3% of the empty trucks arriving at the farms to load animals were PEDV-positive. This study indicates that trucks can have an important role in the spread of PEDV in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Papetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia RomagnaBresciaItaly
| | - Cristina Bertasio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia RomagnaBresciaItaly
| | - Enrico Giacomini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia RomagnaBresciaItaly
| | - Massimiliano Lazzaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia RomagnaBresciaItaly
| | - Monica Cerioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia RomagnaBresciaItaly
| | - Silvia Faccini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia RomagnaBresciaItaly
| | - Paolo Bonilauri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia RomagnaBresciaItaly
| | - Fausto Vezzoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia RomagnaBresciaItaly
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia RomagnaBresciaItaly
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Faccini S, Barbieri I, Gilioli A, Sala G, Gibelli LR, Moreno A, Sacchi C, Rosignoli C, Franzini G, Nigrelli A. Detection and genetic characterization of Porcine circovirus type 3 in Italy. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 64:1661-1664. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Faccini
- Diagnostic Unit of Mantova; IZSLER; Mantova (MN) Italy
| | | | - A. Gilioli
- Medical Biotechnology; University of Brescia; Brescia (BS) Italy
| | - G. Sala
- Diagnostic Unit of Binago; IZSLER; Binago (CO) Italy
| | | | - A. Moreno
- Virology Unit; IZSLER; Brescia (BS) Italy
| | - C. Sacchi
- Diagnostic Unit of Binago; IZSLER; Binago (CO) Italy
| | - C. Rosignoli
- Diagnostic Unit of Mantova; IZSLER; Mantova (MN) Italy
| | - G. Franzini
- Diagnostic Unit of Mantova; IZSLER; Mantova (MN) Italy
| | - A. Nigrelli
- Diagnostic Unit of Mantova; IZSLER; Mantova (MN) Italy
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Foni E, Chiapponi C, Baioni L, Zanni I, Merenda M, Rosignoli C, Kyriakis CS, Luini MV, Mandola ML, Bolzoni L, Nigrelli AD, Faccini S. Influenza D in Italy: towards a better understanding of an emerging viral infection in swine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11660. [PMID: 28916759 PMCID: PMC5600963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza D virus (IDV), a new member of the Orthomyxoviridae family, was first reported in 2011 in swine in Oklahoma, and consequently found in cattle across North America and Eurasia. To investigate the circulation of IDV among pigs in Italy, in the period between June 2015 and May 2016, biomolecular and virological tests were performed on 845 clinical samples collected from 448 pig farms affected by respiratory distress located in the Po Valley. Serological tests were conducted on 3698 swine sera, including archive sera collected in 2009, as well as samples collected in 2015 from the same region. Viral genome was detected in 21 (2.3%) samples from 9 herds (2%), while virus was successfully isolated from 3 samples. Genetic analysis highlighted that Italian swine IDVs are closely related to the D/swine/Oklahoma/1334/2011 cluster. Sera collected in 2015 showed a high prevalence of IDV antibody titers (11.7%), while archive sera from 2009 showed statistically significant lower positivity rates (0.6%). Our results indicate an increasing epidemiological relevance of the pathogen and the need for in-depth investigations towards understanding its pathogenesis, epidemiology and possible zoonotic potential of this emerging virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Foni
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Parma, 43123, Italy.
| | - Chiara Chiapponi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Parma, 43123, Italy.,Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, 25124, Italy
| | - Laura Baioni
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Parma, 43123, Italy.,Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, 25124, Italy
| | - Irene Zanni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, 25124, Italy
| | - Marianna Merenda
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Parma, 43123, Italy.,Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, 25124, Italy
| | - Carlo Rosignoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, 25124, Italy
| | - Constantinos S Kyriakis
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Mario Vittorio Luini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, 25124, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Mandola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Turin, 10154, Italy
| | - Luca Bolzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, 25124, Italy
| | - Arrigo Daniele Nigrelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, 25124, Italy
| | - Silvia Faccini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, 25124, Italy
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8
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Genchi M, Vismarra A, Mangia C, Faccini S, Vicari N, Rigamonti S, Prati P, Marino AM, Kramer L, Fabbi M. Lack of viable parasites in cured ‘Parma Ham’ (PDO), following experimental Toxoplasma gondii infection of pigs. Food Microbiol 2017; 66:157-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chiapponi C, Ebranati E, Pariani E, Faccini S, Luppi A, Baioni L, Manfredi R, Carta V, Merenda M, Affanni P, Colucci ME, Veronesi L, Zehender G, Foni E. Genetic analysis of human and swine influenza A viruses isolated in Northern Italy during 2010-2015. Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 65:114-123. [PMID: 28791803 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection in swine plays an important role in the ecology of influenza viruses. The emergence of new IAVs comes through different mechanisms, with the genetic reassortment of genes between influenza viruses, also originating from different species, being common. We performed a genetic analysis on 179 IAV isolates from humans (n. 75) and pigs (n. 104) collected in Northern Italy between 2010 and 2015, to monitor the genetic exchange between human and swine IAVs. No cases of human infection with swine strains were noticed, but direct infections of swine with H1N1pdm09 strains were detected. Moreover, we pointed out a continuous circulation of H1N1pdm09 strains in swine populations evidenced by the introduction of internal genes of this subtype. These events contribute to generating new viral variants-possibly endowed with pandemic potential-and emphasize the importance of continuous surveillance at both animal and human level.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chiapponi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Parma, Italy.,Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - E Ebranati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "Luigi Sacco", Sezione di Malattie Infettive, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E Pariani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Faccini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Luppi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - L Baioni
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Parma, Italy.,Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - R Manfredi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Parma, Italy.,Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - V Carta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "Luigi Sacco", Sezione di Malattie Infettive, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Merenda
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Parma, Italy.,Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - P Affanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - M E Colucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - L Veronesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - G Zehender
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "Luigi Sacco", Sezione di Malattie Infettive, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E Foni
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Parma, Italy.,Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
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Chiapponi C, Faccini S, De Mattia A, Baioni L, Barbieri I, Rosignoli C, Nigrelli A, Foni E. Detection of Influenza D Virus among Swine and Cattle, Italy. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:352-4. [PMID: 26812282 PMCID: PMC4734544 DOI: 10.3201/eid2202.151439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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11
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Boniotti MB, Papetti A, Lavazza A, Alborali G, Sozzi E, Chiapponi C, Faccini S, Bonilauri P, Cordioli P, Marthaler D. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Discovery of a Recombinant Swine Enteric Coronavirus, Italy. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:83-7. [PMID: 26689738 PMCID: PMC4696687 DOI: 10.3201/eid2201.150544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has been detected sporadically in Italy since the 1990s. We report the phylogenetic relationship of swine enteric coronaviruses collected in Italy during 2007-2014 and identify a drastic shift in PEDV strain variability and a new swine enteric coronavirus generated by recombination of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and PEDV.
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12
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Vicari N, Faccini S, Ricchi M, Garbarino C, Decastelli L, Boldini M, Rosignoli C, Dalmasso A, Bronzo V, Fabbi M. Occurrence of Coxiella burnetii in bulk tank milk from northwestern Italy. Vet Rec 2013; 172:687. [PMID: 23709093 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Vicari
- Pavia Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna Bruno Ubertini, Pavia 27100, Italy.
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13
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Faccini S, Nigrelli AD, Franzini G, Rosignoli C, Barbieri I, Alborali GL, Boniotti MB. Effects of DNA extraction method on Porcine circovirus-2 real-time polymerase chain reaction quantification in swine lymph node samples. J Vet Diagn Invest 2012; 23:1189-96. [PMID: 22362800 DOI: 10.1177/1040638711425571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become an important tool for Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) research and diagnosis. However, significant differences in detection limit and quantification data, among laboratories and quantitative real-time PCR methods, have been demonstrated. New efforts are required for providing more accurate and comparable results. The current study is an evaluation of the effects of DNA extraction procedures on PCV-2 quantification in lymph node samples. Differences, greater than 1 log(10) copies/g, were shown among PCV-2 loads detected after different extraction procedures. The work highlighted the critical role of the DNA extraction method in PCV-2 quantification by quantitative real-time PCR. This important aspect should be evaluated when comparing data from different laboratories or different studies. The PCV-2 quantification data should not be considered comparable before demonstrating the equivalence of the DNA extraction methods performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Faccini
- IZSLER Diagnostic Section of Mantova, Circovallazione Sud 21/a, 46100 Mantova, Italy.
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Abstract
Tissue and blood samples were collected from 152 wild boars (Sus scrofa) from the Maremma area (Grosseto district, Central Italy) between November 2002 and January 2003. The presence of pseudorabies virus (PRV) antibodies, antigen, and DNA were confirmed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Of 152 animals, 62 (41%) were positive for viral antigen in tonsillar tissue. Of the 80 serum samples that were suitable for testing, 41 (51%) were positive for PRV antibodies. Positive immunohistochemistry results were confirmed by PCR. A significantly higher prevalence of PRV antigen and seroprevalence was detected in older animals. No differences were detected between males and females or for animals coming from different areas sampled. Results confirm that PRV is endemic in this wild boar population with a high prevalence of infection. The results of immunohistochemistry investigations demonstrated that a large number of wild boars harbor PRV in tonsillar tissues and should be considered as an important reservoir of PRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lari
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Profilassi ed Igiene degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Pisa--Viale delle Piagge, 2 I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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15
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Contado C, Reschiglian P, Faccini S, Zattoni A, Dondi F. Continuous split-flow thin cell and gravitational field-flow fractionation of wheat starch particles. J Chromatogr A 2000; 871:449-60. [PMID: 10735325 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The combined employment of the SPLITT (split-flow thin) cell--a relatively new system for fast, continuous binary separation--and of gravitational field-flow fractionation (GrFFF)--a fractionation technique suitable for micron particle size distribution determination--was investigated for starch separation and characterization. Emphasis is placed on the main advantages of both techniques: operating under gentle earth gravity field, low cost and ease of maintenance. The reproducibility of GrFFF is demonstrated. Both the SPLITT separation and GrFFF fractionation results were checked by optical microscopy. Application examples of typical starch fractionation experiments are reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Contado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ferrara, Italy.
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Tamborini E, Faccini S, Lidholm J, Svensson M, Brandazza A, Longhi R, Groenlund H, Sidoli A, Arosio P. Biochemical and immunological characterization of recombinant allergen Lol p 1. Eur J Biochem 1997; 249:886-94. [PMID: 9395340 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pollen from perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne), a major cause of type-I allergy worldwide, contains a complex mixture of allergenic proteins among which Lol p 1 is one of the most important. We describe the expression, purification and characterization of a recombinant Lol p 1 overproduced in Escherichia coli. The recombinant allergen, expressed in high yields and purified in milligram amounts, bound to specific IgE antibodies from human sera, induced histamine release from sensitized human basophils, and elicited rabbit antisera that recognize specifically recombinant Lol p 1 and natural Lol p 1 of pollen extract. Recombinant Lol p 1 was used to develop ImmunoCAP assays for analysis of 150 sera that were Radioallergosorbent test positive to L. perenne pollen. In 130 of them (87%) the assay detected a significant level of IgE antibodies to Lol p 1, reaching on average 37% of the level obtained with a test for IgE to the whole grass pollen extract. To map epitopes on Lol p 1, we produced three deletion mutants [des-(116-240)-Lol p 1, des-(1-88)-Lol p 1 and des-(133-189)-Lol p 1], which were efficiently expressed in bacteria. These all showed a strong reactivity with the specific rabbit IgG antibodies, but lacked most or all the allergenic properties of recombinant Lol p 1. A study of the antigenic structure of Lol p 1 was performed using the three deletion mutants and a set of 17-18-residue overlapping synthetic peptides covering the whole allergen sequence. The results indicate that human IgE and rabbit IgG antibodies bind to distinct regions of Lol p 1, and that at least some important IgE epitopes are mainly conformational. The findings suggest that recombinant allergens constitute useful reagents for further development of serological diagnosis of allergy, and that it should be possible to produce immunogenic fragments of allergenic proteins without allergenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tamborini
- Dibit, Department of Biological and Technological Research, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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