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Azevedo Martins JM, Rabelo-Santos SH, do Amaral Westin MC, Zeferino LC. Tumoral and stromal expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-14, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and VEGF-A in cervical cancer patient survival: a competing risk analysis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:660. [PMID: 32669083 PMCID: PMC7364527 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of matrix metalloproteases 2, 9 and 14 (MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-14), tissue inhibitors of metalloprotease 1 and 2 (TIMP-1, TIMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is involved in tumor invasion and metastasis via extracellular matrix degradation and angiogenesis. This study aimed to assess whether the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-14, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in tumors and in the adjacent stroma is associated with cervical cancer prognosis. METHODS This study analyzed a retrospective cohort of 64 patients. Protein expression was previously obtained by immunohistochemistry from biopsies containing both tumor and stroma. The expression and percentage of stained cells were categorized as high or low according to the cutoff points by using ROC curves. The follow-up data was collected from diagnosis to the last clinical visit. Clinical status categorized as alive without disease, alive with disease, death due to other causes, and death from the disease. The relative risk of death from the disease was evaluated according to the proteins expression using a cause-specific Cox regression model with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI). For the significant associations (p < 0.05), survival curves of patients with low and high expression were plotted for the competing risk survival curve analyses. RESULTS High expression levels of stromal MMP-2 (RR; 95%CI: 3.91; 1.17-13.02) and stromal TIMP-2 (RR, 95%CI: 8.67; 1.15-65.27) were associated with a greater relative risk of death from the disease and with lower survival (p = 0.03; p = 0.04) than lower expression levels. Low expression levels of stromal MMP-9 (RR, 95%CI: 0.19; 0.05-0.65) and tumoral MMP-9 (HR, 95%CI: 0.19; 0.04-0.90) were protective factors against death from the disease and were associated with poorer survival. CONCLUSIONS High expression levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in the stroma were significantly associated with poor survival in cervical cancer patients. High expression of MMP-9 was associated with a favorable cervical cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Maria Azevedo Martins
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Tessalia Vieira de Camargo Street, 126, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-887 Brazil
| | - Silvia Helena Rabelo-Santos
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, 240 Street, Leste Universitario, Goiania, Goias 74605-170 Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina do Amaral Westin
- Laboratory of Cytopathology, Women’s Health Hospital Professor Jose Aristodemo Pinotti – (CAISM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-881 Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Zeferino
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Tessalia Vieira de Camargo Street, 126, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-887 Brazil
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Ribeiro AA, Saddi VA, Carneiro MA, Figueiredo-Alves RR, da Silva Barros NK, de Almeida Carvalho KP, do Nascimento Tavares SB, de Araújo Teles S, D'Alessandro WB, Rabelo-Santos SH. Human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis infections in adolescents and young women: Prevalence and risk factors. Diagn Cytopathol 2020; 48:736-744. [PMID: 32379403 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections among adolescents and young adult women and to identify the risk factors associated. METHODS This study included 276 sexually active participants, classified as adolescents (15-19 years) and young adult women (20-24 years) that realized conventional cytology and were tested for 27 HPV genotypes and for CT. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the factors associated with both infections. RESULTS The prevalence of HPV infection was 50.7% in adolescents and 43.0% in young adult women. The HPV-16 was the most prevalent (27.7%), followed by HPV-68 (6.9%), HPV-52 (6.2%), HPV-39 (4.6%), and HPV-73 (4.6%). The prevalence of CT infection was 11.5% among adolescents and 6.2% among young adult women. Cytological abnormalities were found in 14.2% among adolescents, of which 80.9% were positive for HPV and 10% of young adult women of which 84.6% were positive for HPV infection. HPV16 and HPV 68 were detected in 35.7% and 32.1% of cases with cytological abnormalities. Factors independently associated with HPV infection obtained by multivariate analysis were unmarried or divorced marital status and the presence of cytological abnormalities. The same variables were analyzed for the association with CT infection, and the association with cytological abnormalities remained significant. CONCLUSION HPV and CT infections are very prevalent in adolescent and young adult women; these findings reinforce the need of early vaccination, prior to the onset of sexual activity, and justify implementation of molecular screening tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alves Ribeiro
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sheila de Araújo Teles
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Helena Rabelo-Santos
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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3
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Silveira CRF, Cipelli M, Manzine C, Rabelo-Santos SH, Zeferino LC, Rodríguez Rodríguez G, de Assis JB, Hebster S, Bernadinelli I, Laginha F, Boccardo E, Villa LL, Termini L, Lepique AP. Swainsonine, an alpha-mannosidase inhibitor, may worsen cervical cancer progression through the increase in myeloid derived suppressor cells population. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213184. [PMID: 30840689 PMCID: PMC6402676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer, caused by high oncogenic risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, continues to be a public health problem, mainly in developing countries. Using peptide phage display as a tool to identify potential molecular targets in HPV associated tumors, we identified α-mannosidase, among other enriched sequences. This enzyme is expressed in both tumor and inflammatory compartment of the tumor microenvironment. Several studies in experimental models have shown that its inhibition by swainsonine (SW) led to inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis directly and indirectly, through activation of macrophages and NK cells, promoting anti-tumor activity. Therefore, the aim of this work was to test if swainsonine treatment could modulate anti-tumor immune responses and therefore interfere in HPV associated tumor growth. Validation of our biopanning results showed that cervical tumors, both tumor cells and leukocytes, expressed α-mannosidase. Ex vivo experiments with tumor associated macrophages showed that SW could partially modulate macrophage phenotype, decreasing CCL2 secretion and impairing IL-10 and IL-6 upregulation, which prompted us to proceed to in vivo tests. However, in vivo, SW treatment increased tumor growth. Investigation of the mechanisms leading to this result showed that SW treatment significantly induced the accumulation of myeloid derived suppressor cells in the spleen of tumor bearing mice, which inhibited T cell activation. Our results suggested that SW contributes to cervical cancer progression by favoring proliferation and accumulation of myeloid cells in the spleen, thus exacerbating these tumors systemic effects on the immune system, therefore facilitating tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Raony Farina Silveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Imunologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcella Cipelli
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Imunologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Manzine
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Imunologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Helena Rabelo-Santos
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Zeferino
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gretel Rodríguez Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Imunologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josiane Betim de Assis
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Imunologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suellen Hebster
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Enrique Boccardo
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luisa Lina Villa
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lara Termini
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lepique
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Imunologia, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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4
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Prati B, da Silva Abjaude W, Termini L, Morale M, Herbster S, Longatto-Filho A, Nunes RAL, Córdoba Camacho LC, Rabelo-Santos SH, Zeferino LC, Aguayo F, Boccardo E. Three Prime Repair Exonuclease 1 (TREX1) expression correlates with cervical cancer cells growth in vitro and disease progression in vivo. Sci Rep 2019; 9:351. [PMID: 30674977 PMCID: PMC6344518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in specific DNA damage repair mechanisms in the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have been described in different experimental models. However, the global effect of HPV on the expression of genes involved in these pathways has not been analyzed in detail. In the present study, we compared the expression profile of 135 genes involved in DNA damage repair among primary human keratinocytes (PHK), HPV-positive (SiHa and HeLa) and HPV-negative (C33A) cervical cancer derived cell lines. We identified 9 genes which expression pattern distinguishes HPV-positive tumor cell lines from C33A. Moreover, we observed that Three Prime Repair Exonuclease 1 (TREX1) expression is upregulated exclusively in HPV-transformed cell lines and PHK expressing HPV16 E6 and E7 oncogenes. We demonstrated that TREX1 silencing greatly affects tumor cells clonogenic and anchorage independent growth potential. We showed that this effect is associated with p53 upregulation, accumulation of subG1 cells, and requires the expression of E7 from high-risk HPV types. Finally, we observed an increase in TREX1 levels in precancerous lesions, squamous carcinomas and adenocarcinomas clinical samples. Altogether, our results indicate that TREX1 upregulation is important for cervical tumor cells growth and may contribute with tumor establishment and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Prati
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Walason da Silva Abjaude
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara Termini
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian Morale
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suellen Herbster
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM 14), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, USP, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.,Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Pio XII Foundation, Barretos, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Almeida Lima Nunes
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lizeth Carolina Córdoba Camacho
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental, Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, ICESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Carlos Zeferino
- School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Alexander Fleming 101, 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Aguayo
- Basic and Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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5
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Rabelo-Santos SH, Termini L, Boccardo E, Derchain S, Longatto-Filho A, Andreoli MA, Costa MC, Lima Nunes RA, Lucci Ângelo-Andrade LA, Villa LL, Zeferino LC. Strong SOD2 expression and HPV-16/18 positivity are independent events in cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21630-21640. [PMID: 29774090 PMCID: PMC5955150 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that persistent infection with high-risk HPV (hr-HPV), mostly HPV-16 and 18, is the main cause of cervical cancer development. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD or SOD2) are highly expressed in different neoplasia. The present study investigated SOD2 protein expression and the presence of hr-HPV types in 297 cervical samples including non-neoplastic tissue, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC). Strong SOD2 expression was significantly higher in ADC (82%) than CIN3 (52%) or SCC (64%). There was no association between SOD2 expression and HPV 16 and/or 18 detection for every lesion analyzed. Binary Logist Regression revealed that strong SOD2 expression (OR: 27.50, 6.16-122.81) and HPV 16 and/or HPV 18 (OR: 12.67, 4.04-39.74) were independently more associated with CIN3 than non-neoplastic cervix. Strong SOD2 expression (OR: 3.30, 1.23-8.86) and HPV 16 and/or HPV 18 (OR: 3.51, 1.03-11.87) were independently more associated with ADC than SCC. Similar findings for SOD2 expression were observed by the Cochran Mantel-Haenszel test, controlling for HPV-16 and/or HPV 18. In conclusion, the expression of SOD2 was increased in CIN3 and SCC, and more increased in cervical ADC than in SCC. Strong SOD2 expression was statistically independent of the presence of HPV 16 and/or 18. These findings suggest that the mitochondrial antioxidant system and HPV infection could follow independent pathways in the carcinogenesis of cervical epithelium and in the differentiation to SCC or ADC of the cervix.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lara Termini
- Innovation in Cancer Laboratory, Center of Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo (ICESP - Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo), Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo (FMUSP - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP - Universidade de São Paulo), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sophie Derchain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecololy, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Laboratory of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo (Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo-FMUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Cecília Costa
- Innovation in Cancer Laboratory, Center of Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo (ICESP - Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo), Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo (FMUSP - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Almeida Lima Nunes
- Innovation in Cancer Laboratory, Center of Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo (ICESP - Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo), Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo (FMUSP - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luisa Lina Villa
- Innovation in Cancer Laboratory, Center of Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo (ICESP - Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo), Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo (FMUSP - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo (FMUSP - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo-USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Zeferino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecololy, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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de Castro-Sobrinho JM, Rabelo-Santos SH, Fugueiredo-Alves RR, Derchain S, Sarian LOZ, Pitta DR, Campos EA, Zeferino LC. Bacterial vaginosis and inflammatory response showed association with severity of cervical neoplasia in HPV-positive women. Diagn Cytopathol 2015; 44:80-6. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sophie Derchain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas Brazil
| | - Luis Otávio Z Sarian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas Brazil
| | - Denise R Pitta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas Brazil
| | - Elisabete A Campos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Zeferino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas Brazil
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7
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Caixeta RCA, Ribeiro AA, Segatti KD, Saddi VA, Figueiredo Alves RR, dos Santos Carneiro MA, Rabelo-Santos SH. Association between the human papillomavirus, bacterial vaginosis and cervicitis and the detection of abnormalities in cervical smears from teenage girls and young women. Diagn Cytopathol 2015; 43:780-5. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Cesar Assis Caixeta
- Department of Patology; Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás; Goiânia GO Brazil
| | - Andrea Alves Ribeiro
- Department of Patology; Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás; Goiânia GO Brazil
| | - Kelly Deyse Segatti
- Department of Patology; Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás; Goiânia GO Brazil
| | - Vera Aparecida Saddi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences; Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás; Goiânia GO Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvia Helena Rabelo-Santos
- Department of Patology; Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás; Goiânia GO Brazil
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Sarian LO, Rabelo-Santos SH, Derchain SFM, Zeferino LC. Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in the management of glandular abnormalities of the cervix. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/eog.11.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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9
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da Silva Barros NK, Costa MC, Alves RRF, Villa LL, Derchain SFM, Zeferino LC, Dos Santos Carneiro MA, Rabelo-Santos SH. Association of HPV infection and Chlamydia trachomatis seropositivity in cases of cervical neoplasia in Midwest Brazil. J Med Virol 2012; 84:1143-50. [PMID: 22585734 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered the main etiological agent for cervical neoplasia. However, the presence of a single type HPV infection alone is unlikely to be sufficient to cause cervical cancer. There is epidemiologic evidence suggesting that HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis play a central role in the etiology of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and subsequent cervical cancer. To evaluate the HPV prevalence and the seropositivity for C. trachomatis in women referred to the colposcopy clinic due to an abnormal cervical smear and to examine the effect of this association on the severity of cervical neoplasia. Following enrollment, 131 patients underwent colposcopy and biopsies when necessary. HPV DNA was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyping was performed by reverse line-blot hybridization assay. C. trachomatis seropositivity was tested by ELISA for the detection of IgG antibodies. The prevalence of HPV infection was 86.3%. Seropositivity for C. trachomatis was 26%. Thirty-one women (27.4%) were positive for C. trachomatis antibodies and HPV-DNA. The most prevalent HPV type in C. trachomatis-seropositive women were HPV 16 (51.6%) and this HPV type was present mainly in neoplasia cases. Positivity for HPV, particularly HPV types 16 and 18, and C. trachomatis seropositivity was significantly associated with a diagnosis of high grade neoplasia. Borderline significance was observed after adjustment for HPV. C. trachomatis seropositivity is associated with high grade neoplasia in women infected with HPV, mainly when the types 16 and 18 were involved.
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Alves de Sousa NL, Alves RRF, Martins MR, Barros NKDS, Ribeiro AA, Zeferino LC, Dufloth RM, Rabelo-Santos SH. Cytopathic effects of human papillomavirus infection and the severity of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia : A frequency study. Diagn Cytopathol 2011; 40:871-5. [PMID: 21591275 DOI: 10.1002/dc.21656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytopathic effects related to the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are more frequently found in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1; however, there are indications that at least half the histological diagnoses of CIN2 and CIN3 include koilocytosis areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of the cytological criteria suggestive of HPV infection in the cervical smears of women with a histological diagnosis of CIN. One hundred and sixty-two women with abnormal cervical smears and a diagnosis of CIN confirmed by histopathology were selected, including 46 cases of CIN 1, 42 of CIN 2 and 74 cases of CIN 3. Koilocytosis was found in 63% of the smears from women with a histopathological diagnosis of CIN 1. This sign was observed in 26.2% and 25.7% of smears of women with a diagnosis of CIN 2 and CIN 3, respectively. Cytomegaly also was frequent in cervical smears of women with histopathological diagnosis of CIN 1 (71.8%). On the other hand, spindle cells and atypical metaplasia were more frequent in women with CIN 2 and CIN 3. Atypical parakeratosis showed similar frequency in all grades of CIN diagnosis. Koilocytois and cytomegaly were inversely correlated with the diagnosis of CIN2 or CIN 3, with OR values respectively of 0.30 (95%CI 0.13-0.68) and 0.26 (95%CI 0.11-0.58). The others signs analyzed did not show any significant association. Koilocitosis and cytomegaly can provides good reassurance that a patient with atypical cervical smear have CIN 1.
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Nora LCD, Ázara CZS, de Sousa Pace EL, Martins CM, Zeferino LC, do Amaral Westin MC, Derchain SF, Rabelo-Santos SH. Cytomorphological criteria, subclassifications of endocervical glandular cell abnormalities, and histopathological outcome: A frequency study. Diagn Cytopathol 2010; 38:806-10. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.21295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Alves RRF, Rabelo-Santos SH, Ribeiro AA, Carneiro MADS, Ximenes Y, Tavares SBDN, Saddi V, Zeferino LC. Usefulness of repeat cytology at the time of first colposcopy. Diagn Cytopathol 2009; 37:68-73. [PMID: 18973263 DOI: 10.1002/dc.20976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The value of repeat cytology in the detection of high-grade preinvasive or invasive disease was analyzed at the time of colposcopy in cases of patients with abnormal referral cytology. A series of 136 patients with squamous abnormalities in their referral cytology, who had undergone repeat cytology and for whom outcome had been established, were included in the study. Final diagnosis consisted of 27 negative results (20%), 37 cases of CIN1 (27%), 31 CIN2 (23%), 39 CIN3 (29%), and 2 (1%) cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Referral and repeat cytology suggestive of atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) were findings significantly associated with a final diagnosis of CIN2 or worse. Sensitivity and positive predictive value of repeat cytology for the histological diagnosis of significant histological neoplasia (CIN2 or worse) were 81.9% and 77.6%, respectively. In women with referral cytology findings of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-US/LSIL), repeat cytology was suggestive of HSIL in 20% of cases (11/54), and in 4% (2/54) biopsy was negative or CIN1, and the final diagnosis established by LLETZ was CIN3. Eight cases (10%) of HSIL in referral and repeat cytology in which biopsies were negative or insufficient were diagnosed as CIN3 or worse in the final diagnosis. Repeat cytology would have changed therapeutic management in 4 and 10%, respectively, of patients included as ASC-US/LSIL and ASC-H/HSIL in referral cytology.
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Figueiredo PG, Sarian LO, Tambascia JK, Simões JA, Rabelo-Santos SH, Discacciati MG, Derchain S. Increased detection of clue cells in smears from cervical intraepithelial lesions with reduced expression of COX-2. Diagn Cytopathol 2008; 36:705-9. [PMID: 18773440 DOI: 10.1002/dc.20900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The relation between the detection of clue cells in cervical smears of women with CIN and the expression of COX-2 in these lesions were determined. Samples from 228 women, treated due to CIN and who underwent cervical conization, were obtained. Hybrid Capture II and Pap smear samples were collected immediately before performing conization. Pathological diagnoses were 11 (5%) normal cervix, 35 (15%) CIN1, 31 (14%) CIN2, and 151 (66%) CIN3. COX-2 immunoreactivity grading on the pathological specimens was based on the German ImmunoReactive score. In cervical smears, 20 fields (40x) were examined, each of them with a minimum count of 10 epithelial cells. When 20% or more of clue cells were detected the sample was considered positive for clue cells. The prevalence of clue cells was similar across histological strata (P = 0.42). Although the expression of COX-2 did not differ in lesions with varying severities (P = 0.24), there was a negative association between the expression of COX-2 and the presence of clue cells in Pap smear (OR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.2-0.9): only 12% of women with moderate and strong expression of COX-2 had clue cells in their smears, contrasted to 22% of those with negative and weak expression of COX-2. HPV infection was associated in a borderline manner to the expression of COX-2 (P = 0.04; OR = 2.3 95% CI = 1.0-5.4). The reduced expression of COX-2 in CIN specimens may suggest that clue cells interfere with the inflammatory component of the carcinogenic process that lead to CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Garcia Figueiredo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ribeiro AA, Santos SDCDD, de Souza e Silva SRR, Nascimento MAD, Fonsechi-Carvasan GA, Carneiro MAS, Rabelo-Santos M, Rabelo-Santos SH. Endocervical component in conventional cervical smears: influence on detection of squamous cytologic abnormalities. Diagn Cytopathol 2007; 35:209-12. [PMID: 17351943 DOI: 10.1002/dc.20628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to correlate the number of endocervical cells and the number of atypical cells in cervical smears with cytological abnormalities to verify if a higher number of endocervical cells would implicate in a higher number of squamous atypical cells. In this cross sectional study, it was made a blinded review of 294 conventional cervical smears. The consensus diagnoses reached by the blinded review by three observers included 213 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) and 81 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). In each cervical smear were computed the number of endocervical cells and the number of squamous atypical cells, and it was established the following score: one (0-5 cells); two (6-10 cells); three (11-25 cells); four (26-50 cells); and five (more than 50 cells). Compared to the smears with an account of endocervical cells classified in score 1 (0-5 cells), an account of more than 50 endocervical cells was significantly associated to the presence of at least 10 squamous atypical cells in the cervical smears (OR 2.87 95% CI 1.54-5.35). Data from this study suggest that there is a positive association between the number of endocervical cells and the number of squamous atypical cells suggestive of SIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alves Ribeiro
- Cytology Division, School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), CEP 74110-100 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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15
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Rabelo-Santos SH, Villa LL, Derchain SF, Ferreira S, Sarian LOZ, Angelo-Andrade LAL, do Amaral Westin MC, Zeferino LC. Variants of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18: histological findings in women referred for atypical glandular cells or adenocarcinoma in situ in cervical smear. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2006; 25:393-7. [PMID: 16990718 DOI: 10.1097/01.pgp.0000215302.17029.0c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes cannot fully explain the histological diagnosis of women with glandular abnormalities detected by cervical smear. Thus, this study was designed to analyze the distribution of HPV-16 and HPV-18 variants in women referred because of atypical glandular cells and adenocarcinoma in situ in their cervical smears and its association with histological results. Twenty-four women with HPV-16 and 6 with HPV-18, selected from 160 women with cervical smears suggestive of glandular abnormalities, were included. Histological results showed cervicitis (1 case), squamous neoplasia (18 cases), glandular neoplasia (7 cases), and glandular neoplasia associated with a squamous component (4 cases). Among the 24 cases presenting HPV-16, the European variant was detected in 15 (62%) and the Asian American in 9 (38%). Among the 15 cases associated with the European variant, 14 (93%) presented squamous neoplasia and 1 (7%) invasive adenocarcinoma. Asian-American HPV-16 variants were significantly associated with histological diagnosis of glandular neoplasia alone (odds ratio, 9.3 [1.4-60.2]) or associated with squamous neoplasia (odds ratio, 18.7 [1.5-232.3]). Adenocarcinomas were detected in 4 of 6 HPV-18-positive cases, being 2 cases had the European variant, 1 had the Asian Amerindian variant, and 1 had the African variant. The association of HPV-16 with squamous or glandular neoplasia is explained by its variants. In this study, squamous neoplasia was related to the European variant of HPV-16, whereas glandular neoplasia was related to the Asian-American variant. Glandular neoplasia is associated with HPV-18, but the results of our analysis of its variants were inconclusive.
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de Oliveira ERZM, Derchain SFM, Sarian LOZ, Rabelo-Santos SH, Gontijo RC, Yoshida A, Andrade LALA, Zeferino LC. Prediction of high-grade cervical disease with human papillomavirus detection in women with glandular and squamous cytologic abnormalities. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006; 16:1055-62. [PMID: 16803485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00462.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess whether human papillomavirus (HPV) detection with hybrid capture II (HC II) can help predict the presence and the nature, glandular or squamous, of histologic cervical lesions in women referred due to atypical glandular cells (AGC) or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). A total of 247 women were included. Referral Pap smears comprised AGC (51 cases), AGC plus HSIL (28 cases), adenocarcinoma in situ (10 cases), and HSIL (158 cases). All patients were tested for high-risk HPV with HC II and had a histologic assessment of their cervix. Histologic analysis showed 38 women with (15.3%) cervicitis, 194 with (75.5%) squamous lesions, and 15 with (9.2%) glandular neoplasia. The overall rate of high-risk HPV detection was 77%. Almost 70% of AGC-HPV-negative patients did not have a pathologically proven cervical neoplasia, whereas 76% of women with AGC-HPV-positive result were diagnosed with a squamous or glandular neoplasia. Most (95%) of the lesions in patients with AGC-HSIL were of squamous nature, and HPV detection did not contribute to their differentiation from glandular lesions. We conclude that in women with AGC, HPV positivity strongly correlated with the presence of glandular or squamous cervical lesion but did not help distinguishing women with squamous from those with glandular neoplasia.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Carcinoma in Situ/diagnosis
- Carcinoma in Situ/epidemiology
- Carcinoma in Situ/virology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/virology
- DNA Probes, HPV
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Humans
- Mass Screening/methods
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/diagnosis
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/epidemiology
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/virology
- Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/epidemiology
- Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/virology
- Papillomaviridae/isolation & purification
- Precancerous Conditions/diagnosis
- Precancerous Conditions/epidemiology
- Precancerous Conditions/virology
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Uterine Cervical Diseases/diagnosis
- Uterine Cervical Diseases/epidemiology
- Uterine Cervical Diseases/virology
- Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/diagnosis
- Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/epidemiology
- Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/virology
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Z M de Oliveira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Antônio Hossri 629, Cidade Universitária, 13083-370 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Torres JCC, Derchain SFM, Gontijo RC, do Amaral Westin MC, Zeferino LC, Angelo-Andrade LAL, Rabelo-Santos SH. Atypical glandular cells: criteria to discriminate benign from neoplastic lesions and squamous from glandular neoplasia. Cytopathology 2005; 16:295-302. [PMID: 16303043 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2005.00300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the presence of some criteria in cervical smears with atypical glandular cells and their correlation with histological patterns to identify pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. METHODS Seventy-three women referred with an atypical glandular cell smear, who had undergone conization or hysterectomy, were included in this study. Referral Pap smears were reviewed using the set of 27 cyto-morphological criteria that was correlated with the histological diagnosis. RESULTS Histological results showed intraepithelial or invasive neoplasia in 35 (48%) cases and benign lesions in 38 (52%) cases. After logistic regression and decision tree analysis an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and the presence of dyskeratotic cells were strongly associated with intraepithelial or invasive neoplasia and the differential cyto-morphological criteria for glandular lesions were decreased cytoplasm, irregular nuclear membranes and the presence of nucleoli. CONCLUSION The analysis of individual cyto-morphological criteria can better predict intraepithelial or invasive neoplasia and differentiate glandular from squamous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C C Torres
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Pathology, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Sarian LOZ, Derchain SFM, Pitta DDR, Morais SS, Rabelo-Santos SH. Factors associated with HPV persistence after treatment for high-grade cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia with large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ). J Clin Virol 2004; 31:270-4. [PMID: 15494268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2004.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/01/2004] [Accepted: 05/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Human Papillomavirus (HPV) persistence after high-grade cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) removal may be associated with residual lesions or risk of disease recurrence. Knowledge regarding the factors associated with HPV persistence following CIN treatment is still limited. The main purpose of this longitudinal study was to assess the association between characteristics of the patients and their cervical lesions with high-risk HPV-type persistence, detected by commercially available Hybrid Capture II (HC II), after CIN 2 and 3 treatment with large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ). STUDY DESIGN For this cohort study, a total of 94 women submitted to LLETZ between March 2001 and September 2002 were included. Only women with at least one follow-up visit at 6 or 12 months and confirmed CIN 2 or 3 in the cone specimen were considered. In each visit women answered to a questionnaire and undertook Pap smear and HC II specimens collection. McNemar's, chi-square and Fisher tests were used for univariate analysis. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were used for multivariate analysis. All calculations were performed within 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS Histological evaluation showed 12 (13%) women with CIN, 2 and 82 (87%) with CIN 3 and conization margins were compromised in 27 (29%) cases. Eighty-seven (92%) women showed positive HC II tests prior to LLETZ. Of women initially HPV negative, none had a positive HC II during follow-up. The proportion of positive HPV tests was reduced from 92% to 20%(P < 0.01) at the first visit and to 22% (P < 0.01) at the second visit after LLETZ. Multivariate analysis showed that smoking and age above 35 years (irrespective of margin status) were strongly associated with positive HPV during follow-up. CONCLUSION HPV persistence following LLETZ was associated with smoking and with the interaction between age and conization margins.
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Derchain SFM, Rabelo-Santos SH, Sarian LO, Zeferino LC, de Oliveira Zambeli ER, do Amaral Westin MC, de Angelo Andrade LAL, Syrjänen KJ. Human papillomavirus DNA detection and histological findings in women referred for atypical glandular cells or adenocarcinoma in situ in their Pap smears. Gynecol Oncol 2004; 95:618-23. [PMID: 15581973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection and histological diagnosis in women referred for atypical glandular cells (AGC) or adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) at Pap smear. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 146 women referred for AGC (124), AGC with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (15), or AIS (7) were tested for HPV DNA using Hybrid Capture II (HC II). All women underwent colposcopic examination, and cervical biopsy was performed for 95 patients. Fifty-one women referred due to AGC with normal colposcopy and normal second Pap smear were scheduled for control visits every 4 months. RESULTS The overall prevalence of HPV DNA was 38%. HPV DNA was detected in 93% of the women with HSIL associated with AGC and in 71% of women with AIS Pap smear, being significantly higher when compared with the prevalence (29%) in women with AGC alone. Forty-five women (30.8%) had clinically significant histological lesions (CIN 2 or worse). High-risk HPV DNA was detected in only 16% of the women without significant abnormalities in biopsy, in contrast to 96% of those who had CIN 2 or CIN 3 and 75% of women with AIS. Eighty-five percent of women with invasive cervical carcinoma (squamous or adenocarcinoma) tested positive for HPV DNA. HPV DNA detection was significantly associated with histological diagnosis of CIN 2 or worse, with an odds ratio (OR) = 51.8 (95% CI 14.3-199.9). CONCLUSION HPV DNA detection was strongly associated with the severity of cervical lesion (CIN 2 or worse) in women referred for AGC or AIS in their Pap smear. These data implicate the use of HPV testing in triage of women with AGC Pap smears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Françoise Mauricette Derchain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Alexander Fleming 101, CEP:13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Discacciati MG, Rabelo-Santos SH, Campos EA, Simões JA, Derchain SFM, Sarian LOZ, Zeferino LC. Vaginose bacteriana e DNA de papilomavírus humano de alto risco oncogênico em mulheres submetidas a conização com alça diatérmica para tratamento de neoplasia intra-epitelial cervical de alto grau. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-72032004000900008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Rabelo-Santos SH, Zeferino L, Villa LL, Sobrinho JP, Amaral RG, Magalhães AV. Human papillomavirus prevalence among women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III and invasive cervical cancer from Goiânia, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2003; 98:181-4. [PMID: 12764431 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762003000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study estimated the prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) types among women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade III and invasive cervical cancer from Goi s (Brazil Central Region). Seventy-four cases were analyzed and consisted of 18 CIN III, 48 squamous cell carcinomas, 4 adenocarcinomas, 1 adenosquamous carcinoma and 3 undifferentiated carcinomas. HPV-DNA sequences were examined in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues using primers from L1 region GP5+/GP6+. Polymerase chain reaction products were typed with dot blot hybridization using probes for HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 54, 6/11, 42/43/44, 51/52, 56/58. The prevalence of HPV was estimated to be 76% (56/74). HPV 16 was the most frequently found type, followed by HPV 33, 18 and 31. The prevalence of untyped HPV was 6%; 79% percent of the squamous cell carcinoma cases and 61% percent of the CIN III were positive for HPV and the prevalence rate of HPV types was the same for the total number of cases. According to other studies, HPV type 16 is the most prevalent virus in all Brazilian regions, but there is variation regarding to other types. Type 18 is the second most prevalent HPV in North, Southeast and South Brazil regions and types 31 and 33 are the second most prevalent HPV in Northeast and Central Brazil, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Rabelo-Santos
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiá s, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
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