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Valdés A, Moreno LO, Rello SR, Orduña A, Bernardo D, Cifuentes A. Metabolomics study of COVID-19 patients in four different clinical stages. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1650. [PMID: 35102215 PMCID: PMC8803913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is the coronavirus strain causing the respiratory pandemic COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). To understand the pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 in humans it is necessary to unravel the metabolic changes that are produced in the individuals once the infection has taken place. The goal of this work is to provide new information about the altered biomolecule profile and with that the altered biological pathways of patients in different clinical situations due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is done via metabolomics using HPLC-QTOF-MS analysis of plasma samples at COVID-diagnose from a total of 145 adult patients, divided into different clinical stages based on their subsequent clinical outcome (25 negative controls (non-COVID); 28 positive patients with asymptomatic disease not requiring hospitalization; 27 positive patients with mild disease defined by a total time in hospital lower than 10 days; 36 positive patients with severe disease defined by a total time in hospital over 20 days and/or admission at the ICU; and 29 positive patients with fatal outcome or deceased). Moreover, follow up samples between 2 and 3 months after hospital discharge were also obtained from the hospitalized patients with mild prognosis. The final goal of this work is to provide biomarkers that can help to better understand how the COVID-19 illness evolves and to predict how a patient could progress based on the metabolites profile of plasma obtained at an early stage of the infection. In the present work, several metabolites were found as potential biomarkers to distinguish between the end-stage and the early-stage (or non-COVID) disease groups. These metabolites are mainly involved in the metabolism of carnitines, ketone bodies, fatty acids, lysophosphatidylcholines/phosphatidylcholines, tryptophan, bile acids and purines, but also omeprazole. In addition, the levels of several of these metabolites decreased to "normal" values at hospital discharge, suggesting some of them as early prognosis biomarkers in COVID-19 at diagnose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Valdés
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Ortega Moreno
- Dpt. Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Rojo Rello
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47004, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Antonio Orduña
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47004, Valladolid, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Bernardo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Morales A, Rojo Rello S, Cristóbal H, Fiz-López A, Arribas E, Marí M, Tutusaus A, de la Cal-Sabater P, Nicolaes GA, Ortiz-Pérez JT, Bernardo D, García de Frutos P. Growth Arrest-Specific Factor 6 (GAS6) Is Increased in COVID-19 Patients and Predicts Clinical Outcome. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040335. [PMID: 33810394 PMCID: PMC8065652 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Growth arrest-specific factor 6 (GAS6) and the Tyro3, AXL, and MERTK (TAM) receptors counterbalance pro-inflammatory responses. AXL is a candidate receptor for SARS-CoV-2, particularly in the respiratory system, and the GAS6/AXL axis is targeted in current clinical trials against COVID-19. However, GAS6 and TAMs have not been evaluated in COVID-19 patients at emergency admission. Methods: Plasma GAS6, AXL, and MERTK were analyzed in 132 patients consecutively admitted to the emergency ward during the first peak of COVID-19. Results: GAS6 levels were higher in the SARS-CoV-2-positive patients, increasing progressively with the severity of the disease. Patients with initial GAS6 at the highest quartile had the worst outcome, with a 3-month survival of 65%, compared to a 90% survival for the rest. Soluble AXL exhibited higher plasma concentration in deceased patients, without significant differences in MERTK among SARS-CoV-2-positive groups. GAS6 mRNA was mainly expressed in alveolar cells and AXL in airway macrophages. Remarkably, THP-1 human macrophage differentiation neatly induces AXL, and its inhibition (bemcentinib) reduced cytokine production in human macrophages after LPS challenge. Conclusions: Plasma GAS6 and AXL levels reflect COVID-19 severity and could be early markers of disease prognosis, supporting a relevant role of the GAS6/AXL system in the immune response in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Morales
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.); (H.C.); (M.M.); (A.T.)
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, CIBEREHD, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Rojo Rello
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Helena Cristóbal
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.); (H.C.); (M.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Aida Fiz-López
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid—CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (A.F.-L.); (E.A.); (P.d.l.C.-S.); (D.B.)
| | - Elisa Arribas
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid—CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (A.F.-L.); (E.A.); (P.d.l.C.-S.); (D.B.)
| | - Montserrat Marí
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.); (H.C.); (M.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Anna Tutusaus
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.); (H.C.); (M.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Paloma de la Cal-Sabater
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid—CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (A.F.-L.); (E.A.); (P.d.l.C.-S.); (D.B.)
| | - Gerry A.F. Nicolaes
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - José T. Ortiz-Pérez
- Clinic Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - David Bernardo
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid—CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (A.F.-L.); (E.A.); (P.d.l.C.-S.); (D.B.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo García de Frutos
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.); (H.C.); (M.M.); (A.T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Death and Differentiation, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, IIBB-CSIC, Rosselló 161, 6th Floor, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Ortiz de Lejarazu Leonardo R, Rojo Rello S, Sanz Muñoz I. Diagnostic challenges in influenza. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2019; 37 Suppl 1:47-55. [PMID: 31138423 DOI: 10.1016/s0213-005x(19)30182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In 2018 there are still microbiology laboratories that do not subtype or detect influenza viruses, one of the main agents of community-acquired pneumonia. A major challenge is to introduce multiplex-type technologies into most clinical virological diagnostic laboratories, increasing the feasibility of timely etiological diagnosis of influenza and other respiratory viruses whenever required and thus limiting antibiotic treatments. Other diagnostic tools such as markers of severity and the detection of resistance are pending challenges to complete and expand. Viral culture, an essential tool in the epidemiological surveillance of viruses, has been relegated by more sensitive and affordable molecular techniques. Sequencing of the influenza virus together with the antigenic characterisation and detection techniques of antibodies against hemagglutinin and neuraminidase will, in future, be used in tandem with other techniques to detect antibodies against other structural proteins, helping to elucidate the complicated epidemiology of these viruses and the production of new vaccines and their evaluation. Supplement information: This article is part of a supplement entitled «SEIMC External Quality Control Programme. Year 2016», which is sponsored by Roche, Vircell Microbiologists, Abbott Molecular and Francisco Soria Melguizo, S.A. © 2019 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosasy Microbiología Clínica. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Ortiz de Lejarazu Leonardo
- Centro Nacional de Gripe de Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, España; Servicio de Microbiología e Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, España.
| | - Silvia Rojo Rello
- Centro Nacional de Gripe de Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, España; Servicio de Microbiología e Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, España
| | - Iván Sanz Muñoz
- Centro Nacional de Gripe de Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, España
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García-Villanueva S, Domínguez-Gil González M, Gayete Martínez J, Muñoz Bellido JL, Salas Valien JS, Echevarria Iturbe C, González Sagrado M, Jiménez Pérez JM, Curiel de Arcaute López A, Rojo Rello S, Eiros Bouza JM, Ortiz de Lejarazu Leonardo R. Comparative study of the prevalence of the human papilloma virus in Spanish and foreign women participating in a population screening programme in Castilla y León. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2019; 37:314-318. [PMID: 31036251 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) in Spanish and foreign women in a cervical cancer screening programme of Castilla y León and foreign women living in the community who participated in the programme. METHODS This was an observational, descriptive, cross - sectional, retrospective study of period prevalence. The sample consisted of all the women included in the cervical cancer prevention programme of the Regional Ministry of Health of the Junta de Castilla y León who were screened for cervical cancer during the period from 2012 to 2014, aged between 25 and 64 years of age. RESULTS Of the 190,203 cervical smear samples collected, 10.2% were foreign (n=19,329). The prevalence of HPV in the foreign women was 23.51%, significantly higher than in the Spanish women (P<.001). The presence of morphological and microbiological changes in the foreign women was also greater. CONCLUSIONS This study makes an important contribution, since it comprised a voluminous population screening sample. The prevalence of HPV in the foreign women was significantly higher than in the women born in Spain. It is important to continue studying this type of population, who are difficult to recruit for cultural reasons.
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Muñoz IS, Rello SR, Lejarazu ROD. Prevalence of antibodies and humoral response after seasonal trivalent vaccination against influenza B lineages in an elderly population of Spain. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2017; 36:572-575. [PMID: 29179984 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of antibodies against both Yamagata and Victoria influenza B lineages and to check the response after seasonal trivalent vaccination. MATERIALS AND METHODS Haemagglutination inhibition assays were performed with pre-and post-vaccination serum samples from 174 individuals ≥65 years of age vaccinated with seasonal trivalent influenza vaccines during the 2006-2007, 2008-2009, 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 vaccine campaigns. RESULTS 33.9% of individuals showed pre-vaccine protective antibodies (≥1/40) against B/Yamagata lineage and 41.4% against B/Victoria lineage. The annual trivalent vaccine induced significant homologous seroconversion in 14-35.6% of individuals in each vaccine campaign. CONCLUSIONS The population ≥65 years has low-moderate seroprotection against B influenza lineages. Trivalent vaccination induced a slight increase of seroprotection. The trivalent vaccine should be administered to all individuals ≥65 years in all vaccine campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sanz Muñoz
- Valladolid National Influenza Centre, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Microbiology Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Silvia Rojo Rello
- Valladolid National Influenza Centre, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Microbiology Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl Ortiz de Lejarazu
- Valladolid National Influenza Centre, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Microbiology Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Justel Álvarez M, Sanz Muñoz I, Rojo Rello S, Ortiz de Lejarazu Leonardo R. [Is Influenza coming earlier this season? How do I report?]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2014; 32:548-9. [PMID: 24908496 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mar Justel Álvarez
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica e Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, España.
| | | | - Silvia Rojo Rello
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica e Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, España
| | - Raúl Ortiz de Lejarazu Leonardo
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica e Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, España; Centro Nacional de Gripe, Valladolid, España
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Barón Sánchez J, Herrero Velázquez S, Ruiz Piñero M, Pedraza Hueso MI, Rojo Rello S, Guerrero Peral ÁL. Encefalitis por el virus de Epstein-Barr: descripción de un caso clínico y revisión de la bibliografía. Rev Neurol 2013. [DOI: 10.33588/rn.5710.2013188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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