1
|
Ku E, Harada G, Chiao E, Rao P, Hosseinian S, Seyedin S, Healy E, Maxim P, Chow W, Stitzlein R, Limoli C, Harris J. The Correlation Between Lymphocyte Nadir and Radiation Therapy for Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Defining Key Dosimetric Parameters and Outlining Clinical Significance. Adv Radiat Oncol 2024; 9:101309. [PMID: 38260229 PMCID: PMC10801664 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2023.101309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objectives of this study were to identify key dosimetric parameters associated with postradiation therapy lymphopenia and uncover any effect on clinical outcomes. Methods and Materials This was a retrospective review of 69 patients (between April 2010 and January 2023) who underwent radiation therapy (RT) as a part of curative intent for soft tissue sarcoma (STS) at a single academic institution. All patients with treatment plans available to review and measurable absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) nadir within a year after completion of RT were included. Results Median follow-up was 22 months after the start of RT. A decrease in lymphocyte count was noted as early as during treatment and persisted at least 3 months after the completion of RT. On multivariable linear regression, the strongest correlations with ALC nadir were mean body dose, body V10 Gy, mean bone dose, bone V10 Gy, and bone V20 Gy. Five-year overall survival was 60% and 5-year disease-free survival was 44%. Advanced T-stage, chemotherapy use, use of intensity-modulated RT, lower ALC nadir, and the development of grade ≥2 lymphopenia at nadir were associated with worse overall survival and disease-free survival. Conclusions Post-RT lymphopenia was associated with worse outcomes in STS. There were associations between higher body V10 Gy and bone V10 Gy and lower post-RT ALC nadir, despite the varying sites of STS presentation, which aligns with the well-known radiosensitivity of lymphocyte cell lines. These findings support efforts to reduce treatment-related hematopoietic toxicity as a way to improve oncologic outcomes. Additionally, this study supports the idea that the effect of radiation on lymphocyte progenitors in the bone marrow is more significant than that on circulating lymphocytes in treatments with limited involvement of the heart and lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ku
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Garrett Harada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Elaine Chiao
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Pranathi Rao
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Sina Hosseinian
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Steven Seyedin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Erin Healy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Peter Maxim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Warren Chow
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Russell Stitzlein
- Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Charles Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Jeremy Harris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hosseinian S, de Assis R, Khalil G, Luu M, Jain A, Horvath P, Nakajima R, Palma AM, Hoang A, Razzak E, Garcia N, Alger J, Kalantari M, Silzel EK, Jasinskas A, Zaldivar F, Schubl SD, Felgner PL, Khan S. Analysis and comparison of SARS-CoV-2 variant antibodies and neutralizing activity for 6 months after a booster mRNA vaccine in a healthcare worker population. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166261. [PMID: 37266444 PMCID: PMC10229859 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the context of recurrent surges of SARS-CoV-2 infections, a detailed characterization of antibody persistence over a 6-month period following vaccine booster dose is necessary to crafting effective public health policies on repeat vaccination. Methods To characterize the SARS-CoV-2 antibody profile of a healthcare worker population over a 6-month period following mRNA vaccination and booster dose. 323 healthcare workers at an academic medical center in Orange County, California who had completed primary vaccination and booster dose against SARS-CoV-2 were recruited for the study. A total of 690 blood specimens over a 6-month period were collected via finger-stick blood and analyzed for the presence of antibodies against 9 SARS-CoV-2 antigens using a coronavirus antigen microarray. Results The primary outcome of this study was the average SARS-CoV-2 antibody level as measured using a novel coronavirus antigen microarray. Additional outcomes measured include levels of antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 variants including Delta, Omicron BA.1, and BA.2. We also measured SARS-CoV-2 neutralization capacity for a subset of the population to confirm correlation with antibody levels. Although antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 wane throughout the 6-month period following a booster dose, antibody levels remain higher than pre-boost levels. However, a booster dose of vaccine based on the original Wuhan strain generates approximately 3-fold lower antibody reactivity against Omicron variants BA.1 and BA.2 as compared to the vaccine strain. Despite waning antibody levels, neutralization activity against the vaccine strain is maintained throughout the 6-month period. Discussion In the context of recurrent surges of SARS-CoV-2 infections, our data indicate that breakthrough infections are likely driven by novel variants with different antibody specificity and not by time since last dose of vaccination, indicating that development of vaccinations specific to these novel variants is necessary to prevent future surges of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Hosseinian
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rafael de Assis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ghali Khalil
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Madeleine K. Luu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Aarti Jain
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Peter Horvath
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rie Nakajima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Anton M. Palma
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Anthony Hoang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Eisa Razzak
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas Garcia
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Joshua Alger
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mina Kalantari
- Innovative Health Diagnostics, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Emily K. Silzel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Algis Jasinskas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Frank Zaldivar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Sebastian D. Schubl
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Philip L. Felgner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Saahir Khan
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schubl SD, Figueroa C, Palma AM, de Assis RR, Jain A, Nakajima R, Jasinskas A, Brabender D, Hosseinian S, Naaseh A, Hernandez Dominguez O, Runge A, Skochko S, Chinn J, Kelsey AJ, Lai KT, Zhao W, Horvath P, Tifrea D, Grigorian A, Gonzales A, Adelsohn S, Zaldivar F, Edwards R, Amin AN, Stamos MJ, Barie PS, Felgner PL, Khan S. Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in a health care worker population during the early pandemic. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:330. [PMID: 37194021 PMCID: PMC10186297 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While others have reported severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence studies in health care workers (HCWs), we leverage the use of a highly sensitive coronavirus antigen microarray to identify a group of seropositive health care workers who were missed by daily symptom screening that was instituted prior to any epidemiologically significant local outbreak. Given that most health care facilities rely on daily symptom screening as the primary method to identify SARS-CoV-2 among health care workers, here, we aim to determine how demographic, occupational, and clinical variables influence SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among health care workers. METHODS We designed a cross-sectional survey of HCWs for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity conducted from May 15th to June 30th 2020 at a 418-bed academic hospital in Orange County, California. From an eligible population of 5,349 HCWs, study participants were recruited in two ways: an open cohort, and a targeted cohort. The open cohort was open to anyone, whereas the targeted cohort that recruited HCWs previously screened for COVID-19 or work in high-risk units. A total of 1,557 HCWs completed the survey and provided specimens, including 1,044 in the open cohort and 513 in the targeted cohort. Demographic, occupational, and clinical variables were surveyed electronically. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was assessed using a coronavirus antigen microarray (CoVAM), which measures antibodies against eleven viral antigens to identify prior infection with 98% specificity and 93% sensitivity. RESULTS Among tested HCWs (n = 1,557), SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was 10.8%, and risk factors included male gender (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.05-2.06), exposure to COVID-19 outside of work (2.29, 1.14-4.29), working in food or environmental services (4.85, 1.51-14.85), and working in COVID-19 units (ICU: 2.28, 1.29-3.96; ward: 1.59, 1.01-2.48). Amongst 1,103 HCWs not previously screened, seropositivity was 8.0%, and additional risk factors included younger age (1.57, 1.00-2.45) and working in administration (2.69, 1.10-7.10). CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity is significantly higher than reported case counts even among HCWs who are meticulously screened. Seropositive HCWs missed by screening were more likely to be younger, work outside direct patient care, or have exposure outside of work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian D Schubl
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cesar Figueroa
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anton M Palma
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rafael R de Assis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aarti Jain
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rie Nakajima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Algimantas Jasinskas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Brabender
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sina Hosseinian
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ariana Naaseh
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Ava Runge
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shannon Skochko
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Justine Chinn
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Adam J Kelsey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kieu T Lai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Weian Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Peter Horvath
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Delia Tifrea
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Areg Grigorian
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Abran Gonzales
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne Adelsohn
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Frank Zaldivar
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Robert Edwards
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alpesh N Amin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Stamos
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Philip S Barie
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip L Felgner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Saahir Khan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo St., Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khan S, Hosseinian S, Assis R, Khalil G, Luu M, Jain A, Horvath P, Nakajima R, Palma A, Hoang A, Razzak E, Garcia N, Alger J, Kalantari M, Silzel E, Jasinskas A, Zaldivar F, Schubl S, Felgner P. Analysis and comparison of SARS-CoV-2 variant antibodies and neutralizing activity for 6 months after a booster mRNA vaccine in a healthcare worker population. Res Sq 2022:rs.3.rs-2180753. [PMID: 36561177 PMCID: PMC9774221 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2180753/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the context of recurrent surges of SARS-CoV-2 infections, a detailed characterization of antibody persistence over a 6-month period following vaccine booster dose is necessary to crafting effective public health policies on repeat vaccination. To characterize the SARS-CoV-2 antibody profile of a healthcare worker population over a 6-month period following mRNA vaccination and booster dose. 323 healthcare workers at an academic medical center in Orange County, California who had completed primary vaccination and booster dose against SARS-CoV-2 were recruited for the study. A total of 690 blood specimens over a 6-month period were collected via finger-stick blood and analyzed for the presence of antibodies against 9 SARS-CoV-2 antigens using a coronavirus antigen microarray. The primary outcome of this study was the average SARS-CoV-2 antibody level as measured using a novel coronavirus antigen microarray. Additional outcomes measured include levels of antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 variants including Delta, Omicron BA.1, and BA.2. We also measured SARS-CoV-2 neutralization capacity for a subset of the population to confirm correlation with antibody levels. Although antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 wane throughout the 6-month period following a booster dose, antibody levels remain higher than pre-boost levels. However, a booster dose of vaccine generates approximately 3-fold lower antibody reactivity against Omicron variants BA.1 and BA.2 as compared to the original Wuhan strain. Despite waning antibody levels, neutralization activity against the original Wuhan strain is maintained throughout the 6-month period. In the context of recurrent surges of SARS-CoV-2 infections despite vaccination with booster doses, our data indicate that breakthrough infections are likely driven by novel variants with different antibody specificity and not by time since last dose of vaccination, indicating that development of vaccinations specific to these novel variants is necessary to prevent future surges of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Collapse
|
5
|
Hosseinian S, Powers K, Vasudev M, Palma AM, de Assis R, Jain A, Horvath P, Birring PS, Andary R, Au C, Chin B, Khalil G, Ventura J, Luu MK, Figueroa C, Obiero JM, Silzel E, Nakajima R, Gombrich WT, Jasinskas A, Zaldivar F, Schubl S, Felgner PL, Khan S. Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Vaccinated Health Care Workers Analyzed by Coronavirus Antigen Microarray. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817345. [PMID: 35493473 PMCID: PMC9040070 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies provide conflicting evidence on the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 immunity induced by mRNA vaccines. Here, we aim to quantify the persistence of humoral immunity following vaccination using a coronavirus antigen microarray that includes 10 SARS-CoV-2 antigens. In a prospective longitudinal cohort of 240 healthcare workers, composite SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels did not wane significantly over a 6-month study period. In the subset of the study population previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 based on seropositivity for nucleocapsid antibodies, higher composite anti-spike IgG levels were measured before the vaccine but no significant difference from unexposed individuals was observed at 6 months. Age, vaccine type, or worker role did not significantly impact composite IgG levels, although non-significant trends towards lower antibody levels in older participants and higher antibody levels with Moderna vaccine were observed at 6 months. A small subset of our cohort were classified as having waning antibody titers at 6 months, and these individuals were less likely to work in patient care roles and more likely to have prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Hosseinian
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen Powers
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Milind Vasudev
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Anton M. Palma
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rafael de Assis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Aarti Jain
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Peter Horvath
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | - Rana Andary
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Connie Au
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Brandon Chin
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ghali Khalil
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jenny Ventura
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Madeleine K. Luu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Cesar Figueroa
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Joshua M. Obiero
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Emily Silzel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rie Nakajima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | - Algis Jasinskas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Frank Zaldivar
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Sebastian Schubl
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Philip L. Felgner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Saahir Khan
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Majumder A, Hosseinian S, Stroud M, Adhikari E, Saller JJ, Smith MA, Zhang G, Agarwal S, Creixell M, Meyer BS, Kinose F, Bowers K, Fang B, Stewart PA, Welsh EA, Boyle TA, Meyer AS, Koomen JM, Haura EB. Integrated Proteomics-Based Physical and Functional Mapping of AXL Kinase Signaling Pathways and Inhibitors Define Its Role in Cell Migration. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:542-555. [PMID: 35022314 PMCID: PMC8983558 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the signaling complexity of AXL, a member of the tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinase family, we created a physical and functional map of AXL signaling interactions, phosphorylation events, and target-engagement of three AXL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). We assessed AXL protein complexes using proximity-dependent biotinylation (BioID), effects of AXL TKI on global phosphoproteins using mass spectrometry, and target engagement of AXL TKI using activity-based protein profiling. BioID identifies AXL-interacting proteins that are mostly involved in cell adhesion/migration. Global phosphoproteomics show that AXL inhibition decreases phosphorylation of peptides involved in phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling and cell adhesion/migration. Comparison of three AXL inhibitors reveals that TKI RXDX-106 inhibits pAXL, pAKT, and migration/invasion of these cells without reducing their viability, while bemcentinib exerts AXL-independent phenotypic effects on viability. Proteomic characterization of these TKIs demonstrates that they inhibit diverse targets in addition to AXL, with bemcentinib having the most off-targets. AXL and EGFR TKI cotreatment did not reverse resistance in cell line models of erlotinib resistance. However, a unique vulnerability was identified in one resistant clone, wherein combination of bemcentinib and erlotinib inhibited cell viability and signaling. We also show that AXL is overexpressed in approximately 30% to 40% of nonsmall but rarely in small cell lung cancer. Cell lines have a wide range of AXL expression, with basal activation detected rarely. IMPLICATIONS Our study defines mechanisms of action of AXL in lung cancers which can be used to establish assays to measure drug targetable active AXL complexes in patient tissues and inform the strategy for targeting it's signaling as an anticancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anurima Majumder
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Sina Hosseinian
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Mia Stroud
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Emma Adhikari
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - James J. Saller
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Matthew A. Smith
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Shruti Agarwal
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | | | - Benjamin S. Meyer
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Fumi Kinose
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Kiah Bowers
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Bin Fang
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Paul A. Stewart
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Eric A. Welsh
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Theresa A. Boyle
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | | | - John M. Koomen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Eric B. Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hosseinian S, Ali Pour P, Kheradvar A. Prospects of mitochondrial transplantation in clinical medicine: aspirations and challenges. Mitochondrion 2022; 65:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
8
|
Abstract
Mitochondrial transplantation is emerging as a novel cellular biotherapy to alleviate mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. Mitochondria play a crucial role in establishing cellular homeostasis and providing cell with the energy necessary to accomplish its function. Owing to its endosymbiotic origin, mitochondria share many features with their bacterial ancestors. Unlike the nuclear DNA, which is packaged into nucleosomes and protected from adverse environmental effects, mitochondrial DNA are more prone to harsh environmental effects, in particular that of the reactive oxygen species. Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction are implicated in many diseases ranging from metabolic diseases to cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. While it was once thought that transplantation of mitochondria would not be possible due to their semiautonomous nature and reliance on the nucleus, recent advances have shown that it is possible to transplant viable functional intact mitochondria from autologous, allogenic, and xenogeneic sources into different cell types. Moreover, current research suggests that the transplantation could positively modulate bioenergetics and improve disease outcome. Mitochondrial transplantation techniques and consequences of transplantation in cardiomyocytes are the theme of this review. We outline the different mitochondrial isolation and transfer techniques. Finally, we detail the consequences of mitochondrial transplantation in the cardiovascular system, more specifically in the context of cardiomyopathies and ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paria Ali Pour
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Irvine, California.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Sina Hosseinian
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Irvine, California.,School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Arash Kheradvar
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Irvine, California.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California.,School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hosseinian S, Majumder A, Smith M, Kinose F, Haura E. Abstract 1883: Erlotinib resistance via a persister bottleneck results in mixed expression of EGFR T790M and EMT-like state with high AXL expression. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have suggested that EGFR mutant cells exposed to high concentrations of EGFR TKI (erlotinib) develop resistance through a persister bottleneck and reflect a spectrum of resistance mechanisms. Our goal was to exploit this approach to further understand mechanisms of EGFR TKI resistance and develop new therapeutic targets.
Methods: To generate erlotinib resistant “persister” cell clones (EPs), PC9 cells were seeded at low density and exposed to 2.5 µM of erlotinib for ~6 weeks. In this time approximately 99.9% of cells died, while a small surviving fraction entered a quiescent state defined as “persisters” followed by proliferation of clones. Over 20 clonal subpopulations of resistant clones were obtained, of which four have been characterized via proliferation assays, immunoblotting, DNA sequencing and RNA-Seq analysis.
Results: DNA sequencing and subsequent phenotypical analysis revealed varying EGFR T790M allele frequency and osimertinib sensitivity. Two clones were sensitive to osimertinib, with their T790M allele frequencies being 3.7% and 7.0%. The other two clones were resistant to osimertinib with allele frequencies being 0% and 8.9%. Common mechanisms of EGFR TKI resistance (MET amplification, KRAS mutations, BRAF/MEK mutations) were not observed in any of the EP clones. DNA sequencing also identified 13 unique mutations across the clones compared to the parental PC9 and none of these were known oncogenes or associated with TKI resistance. Maintenance of downstream signaling despite loss of EGFR phosphorylation in the presence of erlotinib was observed in all the clones. Analysis of the RNA-seq data revealed all four clones show an increase in vimentin, a marker of EMT, with one clone showing a 25-fold increase. Three of the four clones had greater than two-fold expression of SLUG mRNA, a known transcriptional factor of EMT resistance, while no changes in other EMT transcription factors (Snail, Twist, Zeb1) were identified. Interesting, AXL, a receptor tyrosine kinase known to be associated with EMT, was the only up-regulated gene across all four clones. Treatment with AXL TKI alone (RXDX-106 and R428) did not affect cell viability, but one EP clone demonstrated sensitivity to erlotinib when combined with R428 but not RXDX-106. Downstream signaling also shows that this combination results in strong reduction in ERK phosphorylation compared to either single agent.
Conclusions: Our data suggests that EPs have developed resistance through a combination of T790M and EMT-like state, with AXL upregulation as a common theme. One clone, harboring some T790M and osimertinib sensitivity, was also sensitive to erlotinib when combined with R428.
Citation Format: Sina Hosseinian, Anurima Majumder, Matthew Smith, Fumi Kinose, Eric Haura. Erlotinib resistance via a persister bottleneck results in mixed expression of EGFR T790M and EMT-like state with high AXL expression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1883.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hadjzadeh M, Alikhani V, Hosseinian S, Zarei B, Keshavarzi Z. THE EFFECT OF MELATONIN AGAINST GASTRIC OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DYSLIPIDEMIA IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS. Acta Endocrinol (Buchar) 2018; 14:453-458. [PMID: 31149296 PMCID: PMC6516406 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2018.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effects of MT against gastric oxidative stress and dyslipidemia in streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetic rats. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, diabetic, MT 5 mg/kg+ STZ, MT 10 mg/kg+ STZ and MT 20 mg/kg+ STZ. STZ (60 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally (ip) injected as a single dose for diabetes induction. One week after STZ administration, MT was injected daily as ip for 14 days. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total thiol and glutathione, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities were measured in gastric tissue. Serum concentrations of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were also determined. RESULTS Serum glucose significantly increased in diabetic group compared to control group. STZ induced a significant decrease in gastric tissue levels of total thiol, glutathione, catalase and SOD activities and a significant increase in MDA concentration. In diabetic rats, serum TG, LDL and TC were significantly higher and HDL was significantly lower than in the control group. Treatment of diabetic rats with MT caused a significant increase in gastric total thiol content and glutathione concentration as well as SOD and catalase activities. Gastric MDA concentration and serum LDL, TG and TC were significantly lower in MT-treated groups when compared with diabetic group. CONCLUSION These data suggested that MT has a therapeutic effect on gastric oxidative damage and dyslipidemia induced by diabetes that possibly may be due to its antioxidant effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M.A.R. Hadjzadeh
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of physiology, Bojnurd, Iran
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - V. Alikhani
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of physiology, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - S. Hosseinian
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of physiology, Bojnurd, Iran
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - B. Zarei
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of physiology, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Z. Keshavarzi
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Bojnurd, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nichita C, Ciarloni L, Monnier-Benoit S, Hosseinian S, Dorta G, Rüegg C. A novel gene expression signature in peripheral blood mononuclear cells for early detection of colorectal cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 39:507-17. [PMID: 24428642 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection and treatment of colorectal adenomatous polyps (AP) and colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with decreased mortality for CRC. However, accurate, non-invasive and compliant tests to screen for AP and early stages of CRC are not yet available. A blood-based screening test is highly attractive due to limited invasiveness and high acceptance rate among patients. AIM To demonstrate whether gene expression signatures in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were able to detect the presence of AP and early stages CRC. METHODS A total of 85 PBMC samples derived from colonoscopy-verified subjects without lesion (controls) (n = 41), with AP (n = 21) or with CRC (n = 23) were used as training sets. A 42-gene panel for CRC and AP discrimination, including genes identified by Digital Gene Expression-tag profiling of PBMC, and genes previously characterised and reported in the literature, was validated on the training set by qPCR. Logistic regression analysis followed by bootstrap validation determined CRC- and AP-specific classifiers, which discriminate patients with CRC and AP from controls. RESULTS The CRC and AP classifiers were able to detect CRC with a sensitivity of 78% and AP with a sensitivity of 46% respectively. Both classifiers had a specificity of 92% with very low false-positive detection when applied on subjects with inflammatory bowel disease (n = 23) or tumours other than CRC (n = 14). CONCLUSION This pilot study demonstrates the potential of developing a minimally invasive, accurate test to screen patients at average risk for colorectal cancer, based on gene expression analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from a simple blood sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Nichita
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|