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Schmidt JR, Haupt J, Riemschneider S, Kämpf C, Löffler D, Blumert C, Reiche K, Koehl U, Kalkhof S, Lehmann J. Transcriptomic signatures reveal a shift towards an anti-inflammatory gene expression profile but also the induction of type I and type II interferon signaling networks through aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation in murine macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156493. [PMID: 37287978 PMCID: PMC10242070 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates a broad range of target genes involved in the xenobiotic response, cell cycle control and circadian rhythm. AhR is constitutively expressed in macrophages (Mϕ), acting as key regulator of cytokine production. While proinflammatory cytokines, i.e., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, are suppressed through AhR activation, anti-inflammatory IL-10 is induced. However, the underlying mechanisms of those effects and the importance of the specific ligand structure are not yet completely understood. Methods Therefore, we have compared the global gene expression pattern in activated murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) subsequently to exposure with either benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or indole-3-carbinol (I3C), representing high-affinity vs. low-affinity AhR ligands, respectively, by means of mRNA sequencing. AhR dependency of observed effects was proved using BMMs from AhR-knockout (Ahr-/-) mice. Results and discussion In total, more than 1,000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) could be mapped, covering a plethora of AhR-modulated effects on basal cellular processes, i.e., transcription and translation, but also immune functions, i.e., antigen presentation, cytokine production, and phagocytosis. Among DEGs were genes that are already known to be regulated by AhR, i.e., Irf1, Ido2, and Cd84. However, we identified DEGs not yet described to be AhR-regulated in Mϕ so far, i.e., Slpi, Il12rb1, and Il21r. All six genes likely contribute to shifting the Mϕ phenotype from proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory. The majority of DEGs induced through BaP were not affected through I3C exposure, probably due to higher AhR affinity of BaP in comparison to I3C. Mapping of known aryl hydrocarbon response element (AHRE) sequence motifs in identified DEGs revealed more than 200 genes not possessing any AHRE, and therefore being not eligible for canonical regulation. Bioinformatic approaches modeled a central role of type I and type II interferons in the regulation of those genes. Additionally, RT-qPCR and ELISA confirmed a AhR-dependent expressional induction and AhR-dependent secretion of IFN-γ in response to BaP exposure, suggesting an auto- or paracrine activation pathway of Mϕ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes R. Schmidt
- Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janine Haupt
- Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sina Riemschneider
- Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Kämpf
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dennis Löffler
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Conny Blumert
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Reiche
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Koehl
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Kalkhof
- Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Applied Sciences, Institute for Bioanalysis, Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Coburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Lehmann
- Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Leipzig, Germany
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Subirana MA, Riemschneider S, Hause G, Dobritzsch D, Schaumlöffel D, Herzberg M. High spatial resolution imaging of subcellular macro and trace element distribution during phagocytosis. Metallomics 2022; 14:6530650. [PMID: 35179212 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The bioavailability of trace elements in the course of evolution had an essential influence on the emergence of life itself. This is reflected in the co-evolution between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In this study, the influence and cellular distribution of bioelements during phagocytosis at the host-pathogen interface was investigated using high-resolution nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) and quantitative inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In the eukaryotic murine macrophages (RAW 264.7 cell line), the cellular Fe / Zn ratio was found to be balanced, whereas the dominance of iron in the prokaryotic cells of the pathogen Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis was about 90% compared to zinc. This confirms the evolutionary increased zinc requirement of the eukaryotic animal cell. Using NanoSIMS, the Cs+ primary ion source allowed high spatial resolution mapping of cell morphology down to subcellular level. At a comparable resolution, several low abundant trace elements could be mapped during phagocytosis with a RF plasma O- primary ion source. An enrichment of copper and nickel could be detected in the prokaryotic cells. Surprisingly, an accumulation of cobalt in the area of nuclear envelope was observed indicating an interesting but still unknown distribution of this trace element in murine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angels Subirana
- CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Sina Riemschneider
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerd Hause
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Biozentrum, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dirk Dobritzsch
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Core Facility - Proteomic Mass Spectrometry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dirk Schaumlöffel
- CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, 64000 Pau, France.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Mklukho-Maklaya str. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Martin Herzberg
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute for Biology/Microbiology, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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Riemschneider S, Hoffmann M, Slanina U, Weber K, Hauschildt S, Lehmann J. Indol-3-Carbinol and Quercetin Ameliorate Chronic DSS-Induced Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice by AhR-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18052262. [PMID: 33668818 PMCID: PMC7956562 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are multifactorial inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, characterised by abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhoea, and anaemia. Standard therapies, including corticosteroids or biologicals, often induce severe side effects, or patients may develop resistance to those therapies. Thus, new therapeutic options for IBD are urgently needed. This study investigates the therapeutic efficacy and safety of two plant-derived ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), quercetin (Q), and indol-3-carbinol (I3C), using a translationally relevant mouse model of IBD. Q and I3C are administered by gavage to C57BL/6 wild-type or C57BL/6 Ahr-/- mice suffering from chronic colitis, induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). The course of the disease, intestinal histopathological changes, and in-situ immunological phenotype are scored over 25 days. Our results show that both Q and I3C improved significantly clinical symptoms in moderate DSS colitis, which coincides with a significantly reduced histopathological score. Even in severe DSS colitis I3C, neither Q nor the therapy control 6-thioguanine (6-TG) can prevent a fatal outcome. Moreover, treatment with Q or I3C restored in part DSS-induced loss of epithelial integrity by induction of tight-junction proteins and reduced significantly gut inflammation, as demonstrated by colonoscopy, as well as by immunohistochemistry revealing lower numbers of neutrophils and macrophages. Moreover, the number of Th17 cells is significantly reduced, while the number of Treg cells is significantly increased by treatment with Q or I3C, as well as 6-TG. Q- or I3C-induced amelioration of colitis is not observed in Ahr-/- mice suggesting the requirement of AhR ligation and signalling. Based on the results of this study, plant-derived non-toxic AhR agonists can be considered promising therapeutics in IBD therapy in humans. However, they may differ in terms of efficacy; therefore, it is indispensable to study the dose-response relationship of each individual AhR agonist also with regard to potential adverse effects, since they may also exert AhR-independent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Riemschneider
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.R.); (M.H.); (U.S.)
| | - Maximilian Hoffmann
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.R.); (M.H.); (U.S.)
| | - Ulla Slanina
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.R.); (M.H.); (U.S.)
| | | | - Sunna Hauschildt
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Jörg Lehmann
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.R.); (M.H.); (U.S.)
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Riemschneider S, Kohlschmidt J, Fueldner C, Esser C, Hauschildt S, Lehmann J. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation by benzo(a)pyrene inhibits proliferation of myeloid precursor cells and alters the differentiation state as well as the functional phenotype of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. Toxicol Lett 2018; 296:106-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Fueldner C, Kohlschmidt J, Riemschneider S, Schulze F, Zoldan K, Esser C, Hauschildt S, Lehmann J. Benzo(a)pyrene attenuates the pattern-recognition-receptor induced proinflammatory phenotype of murine macrophages by inducing IL-10 expression in an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent manner. Toxicology 2018; 409:80-90. [PMID: 30053493 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) are environmental contaminants known to be immunosuppressive. Most effects of BaP towards immune cells are thought to be mediated through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The AhR is a ligand-activated transcription factor, which plays a critical modulatory role in various cells during immune response. Macrophages are key players in innate immunity against intracellular bacteria and are discussed to be a target of AhR-mediated immune regulation. However, so far there is only incomplete knowledge about the effects of BaP on activated macrophages and whether these effects are AhR-dependent in each case. Using murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) stimulated with heat-killed salmonellae as a source of different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) for stimulation of different pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) as an in-vitro model, we studied the immunomodulatory effects of low-dose BaP exposure. PRR-activated BMMs produced nitric oxide (NO) and a spectrum of proinflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-12 but also the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. While BaP exposure suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines, the secretion of IL-10 was augmented. Moreover, BaP exposure increased the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II), CD14, Fcγ receptor I (FcγRI/CD64), or CD86, enhanced NO production and phagocytosis what may be beneficial for phagocytosis and killing of microbial pathogens. Of note, without PRR activation low-dose BaP exposure has little influence on the macrophage phenotype. BMMs from AhR-deficient (Ahr-/-) mice were widely refractory to BaP-induced modulation of cytokine production, surface marker expression, and functional properties in response to PAMPs stimulation, indicating that these effects are dependent on AhR. In summary, these data suggest that induction of AhR-mediated signalling pathways by BaP may attenuate the proinflammatory phenotype of PRR-activated BMMs, while activating IL-10-mediated anti-inflammatory properties but also enhancing uptake and killing of pathogens as well as antigen presentation. Together these features imply a favourable role of BaP exposure for macrophage functions in an ongoing immune response. However, the strong induction of IL-10 may lead to defective pathogen clearance and subsequently to chronic persistent infection. This concept suggests an inhibitory rather than a supporting influence of environmental BaP on immunity to infection or cancer and also emphasises the important regulatory role of AhR in immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Fueldner
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Janine Kohlschmidt
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sina Riemschneider
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Felix Schulze
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Katharina Zoldan
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Charlotte Esser
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Sunna Hauschildt
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jörg Lehmann
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Fricke S, Pfefferkorn C, Wolf D, Riemschneider S, Kohlschmidt J, Hilger N, Fueldner C, Knauer J, Sack U, Emmrich F, Lehmann J. Characterization of the murine myeloid precursor cell line MuMac-E8. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113743. [PMID: 25546418 PMCID: PMC4278753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting point for the present work was the assumption that the cell line MuMac-E8 represents a murine cell population with stem cell properties. Preliminary studies already pointed to the expression of stem-cell associated markers and a self-regenerative potential of the cells. The cell line MuMac-E8 should be examined for their differential stage within stem cell hierarchy. MuMac-E8 cells were derived from a chimeric mouse model of arthritis. It could be shown that MuMac-E8 cells express mRNA of some genes associated with pluripotent stem cells (Nanog, Nucleostemin), of genes for hematopoietic markers (EPCR, Sca-1, CD11b, CD45), for the mesenchymal marker CD105 and of genes for the neural markers Pax-6 and Ezrin. In methylcellulose and May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining, hematopoietic colonies were obtained but the hematopoietic system of lethally irradiated mice could not be rescued. Osteogenic differentiation was not detectable. Thus, it became evident that MuMac-E8 represents not a stem cell line. However, MuMac-E8 cells expressed several myeloid surface markers (i.e. CD11b, F4/80, CD14, CD64), showed phagocytosis and is capable of producing nitric oxide. Thus, this cell line seems to be arrested an advanced stage of myeloid differentiation. Adherence data measured by impedance-based real-time cell analysis together with cell morphology data suggested that MuMac-E8 represents a new macrophage precursor cell line exhibiting weak adherence. This cell line is suitable as an in-vitro model for testing of macrophage functions. Moreover, it might be also useful for differentiation or reprogramming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Fricke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Doris Wolf
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Research Laboratories, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sina Riemschneider
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janine Kohlschmidt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadja Hilger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christiane Fueldner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Knauer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Emmrich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Lehmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Schweder T, Lin HY, Jürgen B, Breitenstein A, Riemschneider S, Khalameyzer V, Gupta A, Büttner K, Neubauer P. Role of the general stress response during strong overexpression of a heterologous gene in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2002; 58:330-7. [PMID: 11935184 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-001-0904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2001] [Revised: 11/07/2001] [Accepted: 11/11/2001] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The strong overexpression of heterologous genes in Escherichia coli often leads to inhibition of cell growth, ribosome destruction, loss of culturability, and induction of stress responses, such as a heat shock-like response. Here we demonstrate that the general stress response, which is connected to the stress response regulator sigmas (sigma38, rpoS gene product), is suppressed during strong overproduction of a heterologous alpha-glucosidase. The mRNA levels of the rpoS and osmY stress genes drastically decrease after induction of the strong overexpression system. It is shown that an rpoS mutation causes a significant loss of cell viability after induction of the expression system. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that an E. coli c/pP mutant, which could be suggested to improve heterologous protein production, is not a good production host if a tac-promoter is used to control the expression of the recombinant gene. Data from this study suggest that the overexpression of the alpha-glucosidase was greatly decreased by sigma factor competition in the clpP mutant, due to the increased sigmas level in this mutant background.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schweder
- Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany
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Podhaisky HP, Riemschneider S, Wohlrab W. UV light and oxidative damage of the skin. Pharmazie 2002; 57:30-3. [PMID: 11836927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H P Podhaisky
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
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Podhaisky HP, Riemschneider S, Galgon T, Wohlrab W. How relevant is the application of antioxidants in order to avoid UVB-induced photodamages? Pharmazie 2000; 55:959-61. [PMID: 11189881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H P Podhaisky
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
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Jürgen B, Lin HY, Riemschneider S, Scharf C, Neubauer P, Schmid R, Hecker M, Schweder T. Monitoring of genes that respond to overproduction of an insoluble recombinant protein in Escherichia coli glucose-limited fed-batch fermentations. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000; 70:217-24. [PMID: 10972933 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0290(20001020)70:2<217::aid-bit11>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The cellular response of Escherichia coli to overproduction of the insoluble heterologous protein alpha-glucosidase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during a glucose-limited fed-batch fermentation was analyzed on the transcriptional and the translational levels. After the induction of the tac-regulated overexpression of the recombinant model protein, a significant but transient increase of the mRNA levels of the heat shock genes lon and dnaK could be observed. The mRNA level of the gene coding for the inclusion body-associated protein IbpB showed the strongest increase and remained at a clearly higher level until the end of the fermentation. By contrast, the mRNA levels of htrA and ppiB were decreased after induction of the alpha-glucosidase overexpression. Analysis of the soluble cytoplasmic protein fraction 3 h after induction revealed increased levels of the chaperones GroEL, DnaK, and Tig and a decrease in the protein levels of the two ribosomal proteins S6 and L9, the peptidylprolyl-cis-trans-isomerase PpiB, and the sigma(38)-dependent protein Dps. Analysis of the aggregated protein fraction revealed a remarkably inhomogeneous composition of the alpha-glucosidase inclusion bodies. N-terminal sequencing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identification showed that most of these spots are fragments of the heterologous alpha-glucosidase. Host stress proteins, like DnaK, GroEL, IbpA, IbpB, and OmpT, have been found to be associated with the alpha-glucosidase protein aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jürgen
- Institute of Microbiology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, F.-L. Jahnstrasse 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
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