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Marinho-Júnior JF, Monteiro JFCLS, Sales de Carvalho AW, de Carvalho FG, de Paiva Cavalcanti M, Shaw J, Courtenay O, Brandão-Filho SP. High levels of infectiousness of asymptomatic Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infections in wild rodents highlights their importance in the epidemiology of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0010996. [PMID: 36716345 PMCID: PMC9910795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiological significance of wildlife infections with aetiological agents causing human infectious diseases is largely determined by their infection status, contact potential with humans (via vectors for vector-borne diseases), and their infectiousness to maintain onward transmission. This study quantified these parameters in wild and synanthropic naturally infected rodent populations in an endemic region of tegumentary leishmaniasis in northeast Brazil. METHODS Capture-mark-recapture (CMR) of rodents was conducted over 27 months in domestic/peri domestic environs, household plantations and nearby Atlantic Forest (9,920 single trap nights). Rodent clinical samples (blood and ear tissue) were tested for infection by conventional PCR and quantitative PCR (qPCR) for Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, and xenodiagnosis to measure infectiousness to the local sand fly vector. RESULTS A total 603 individuals of 8 rodent species were (re)captured on 1,051 occasions. The most abundant species were Nectomys squamipes (245 individuals, 41% of the total catch), Rattus rattus (148, 25%), and Necromys lasiurus (83, 14%). All species were captured in greater relative frequencies in plantations; R. rattus was the only species captured in all three habitats including in and around houses. Four species, comprising 22.6% of individuals captured at least twice, were geolocated in more than one habitat type; 78.6% were infected with L. (V.) braziliensis, facilitating inter-species and inter-habitat transmission. Species specific period prevalence ranged between 0%-62% being significantly higher in N. squamipes (54-62%) and Hollochillus sciureus (43-47%). Xenodiagnosis was performed on 41 occasions exposing 1,879 Nyssomyia whitmani sand flies to five rodent species (37 individuals). Similar mean levels of infectiousness amongst the more common rodent species were observed. Longitudinal xenodiagnosis of the N. squamipes population revealed a persistent level of infectiousness over 13 months follow-up, infecting a median 48% (IQR: 30.1%-64.2%) of exposed blood-fed vectors. The proportion of exposed flies infected was greater in the low compared to in the high seasonal period of vector abundance. L. (V.) braziliensis parasite loads in rodent blood quantified by qPCR were similar across rodent species but did not represent a reliable quantitative marker of infectiousness to sand flies. The standardised risk of rodent infection in plantations was 70.3% relative to 11.3% and 18.4% in peri domestic and forest habitats respectively. R. rattus was the only exception to this trend indicating greatest risk in the peri domestic environment. CONCLUSIONS The results support the view that a collective assemblage of wild and synanthropic rodent species is an important wild reservoir of L. (V.) braziliensis in this region, with N. squamipes and R. rattus probably playing a key role in transmission within and between habitat types and rodent species. Rodents, and by implication humans, are at risk of infection in all sampled habitats, but more so in homestead plantations. These conclusions are based on one of the longest CMR study of small rodents in an American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) foci.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francisco Gomes de Carvalho
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães/FIOCRUZ, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Milena de Paiva Cavalcanti
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães/FIOCRUZ, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Shaw
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orin Courtenay
- The Zeeman Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SPBF); (OC)
| | - Sinval Pinto Brandão-Filho
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães/FIOCRUZ, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- * E-mail: (SPBF); (OC)
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de Morais RCS, de Melo MGN, de Goes TC, Pessoa e Silva R, de Morais RF, Guerra JADO, de Brito MEF, Brandão-Filho SP, de Paiva Cavalcanti M. Clinical-therapeutic follow-up of patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by different Leishmania spp. in Brazil. Exp Parasitol 2022; 240:108338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Miranda DEDO, Sales KGDS, Figueredo LA, de Oliveira SA, do Nascimento AV, Torres DJL, Sumova P, Volf P, Brandão-Filho SP, de Albuquerque SDCG, de Lorena VMB, Dantas-Torres F. Effects of Migonemyia migonei salivary gland homogenates on Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection in BALB/c mice. Acta Trop 2022; 227:106271. [PMID: 34906551 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is the most widespread clinical form of leishmaniasis in the Americas. Migonemyia migonei is a widely distributed phlebotomine sand fly species in Brazil and has been implicated as a vector for L. (V.) braziliensis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of salivary gland homogenates (SGH) of Mg. migonei on the course of L. (V.) braziliensis infection in BALB/c mice. Mice were separated into four groups (six mice per group): CTRL (uninfected mice); SGH (mice inoculated with Mg. migonei SGH); SGH+LEISH (mice inoculated with Mg. migonei SGH plus L. (V.) braziliensis promastigotes); LEISH (mice inoculated with L. (V.) braziliensis promastigotes). Mice were followed up for 8 weeks and the cellular immune response was evaluated by flow cytometry at the end of the experiment. Analysis of cytokine production by splenic cells stimulated with 0.5 SGH, 0.25 SGH of Mg. migonei or L. (V.) braziliensis soluble antigen stimulation (LSA) demonstrated that upon stimulation with SGH 0.25, the production of IL-17A and TNF was not sustained in the SGH group, with decreasing levels of these cytokines after 5 days compared to 3 days of incubation. Analyzing the production of cytokines after LSA stimulation, we observed lower levels of IL-17A in the SGH group after 5 days compared to 3 days. The same was observed for IFN-γ in the SGH group. Yet, the levels of TNF were significantly higher in the LEISH group after 5 days compared to 3 days. Among SGH+LEISH and LEISH mice, three animals in each group developed skin lesions on the tail, the mean lesion size was significantly higher in the LEISH group. Our study suggests that Mg. migonei SGH may modulate BALB/c immune response, as reflected by the low production or early decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines in splenic cell cultures following stimulation with L. (V.) braziliensis antigen. Our data also suggest that Mg. migonei saliva may reduce the lesion size in BALB/c mice, but further research with a larger sample size is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luciana Aguiar Figueredo
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Sheilla Andrade de Oliveira
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Diego José Lira Torres
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Petr Volf
- Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sinval Pinto Brandão-Filho
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Silva CJD, Monteiro JFDCLS, Lima KPBD, Silva CSDAGE, Almeida ÉLD, Souza SFD, Medeiros ÂCR, Macedo FMRD, Brandão-Filho SP, Santos SNCD, Brito MEFD. Study on the zoonotic cycle of tegumentary leishmaniasis in an endemic area of a metropolitan region in the Northeastern region of Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2022; 64:e60. [PMID: 36197421 PMCID: PMC9528310 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202264060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to characterize the transmission cycle of the tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) in an old colonization area at Pernambuco State, Brazil. The aims were to identify autochthonous cases, sandflies fauna, domestic animals as possible reservoir hosts and the Leishmania species involved in this endemic area. A total of 168 suspected human cases of TL and 272 domestic animals (canine, feline, equine, goat, and sheep) were included. The sandflies were captured and identified by species. Patients were predominantly male and the average age was 37+18.1 years old. Of 85 patients who had skin lesions, 25.6% of them had direct positive smears for TL and 34 isolates were identified as Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. The confirmation for TL diagnosed by molecular detection (PCR) was almost three times more sensitive than the direct test [p < 0.001; PR = 2.72] associated with clinical examination. The Kappa test on PCR between two different specimens, biopsy, and skin lesion swab was 60.8% (p < 0.001). More than 200 specimens of sandflies (80 males and 159 females) were captured and identified as Lutzomyia whitmani (99.6%) and Lu. evandroi (0.4%). The detection of L. (V.) braziliensis by Real-Time PCR in the blood of a captured fed female was positive in 59.3% of Lu. whitmani. Of the 272 domestic animals included, 61.76% were male (n = 168). Thirty-six animals (13.2%) had lesions compatible with TL (34 dogs, 1 cat and 1 sheep) and 3 of them, all dogs, had lesions on the snout, showing destruction of cartilage and mucosa. The study suggests the participation of domestic animals as possible reservoirs. However, further studies are necessary to better understand the transmission cycle and take recommended measures in order to control the disease.
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de Oliveira Miranda DE, Alexandre J, José da Silva F, Dilermando Andrade Filho J, Dantas-Torres F, Brandão-Filho SP. Bilateral Anomaly in a Male of Evandromyia lenti (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Pernambuco, Brazil. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2021; 37:98-100. [PMID: 34184039 DOI: 10.2987/20-6938.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
More than 1,000 species of phlebotomine sand flies have been described in the literature, many of which are vectors of Leishmania spp. In addition to the morphological similarities between some species groups, the occurrence of anomalies within one species may lead to erroneous description of new taxa. This study describes a case of bilateral anomaly in the number of spines in the gonostyle in a male of Evandromyia lenti. In this anomalous male, a 5th spine is present between the upper external spine and the lower external spine. The occurrence of such an anomaly can potentially result in misidentifications in this important group of insects.
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Paiva MHS, Guedes DRD, Docena C, Bezerra MF, Dezordi FZ, Machado LC, Krokovsky L, Helvecio E, da Silva AF, Vasconcelos LRS, Rezende AM, da Silva SJR, Sales KGDS, de Sá BSLF, da Cruz DL, Cavalcanti CE, Neto ADM, da Silva CTA, Mendes RPG, da Silva MAL, Gräf T, Resende PC, Bello G, Barros MDS, do Nascimento WRC, Arcoverde RML, Bezerra LCA, Brandão-Filho SP, Ayres CFJ, Wallau GL. Multiple Introductions Followed by Ongoing Community Spread of SARS-CoV-2 at One of the Largest Metropolitan Areas of Northeast Brazil. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121414. [PMID: 33316947 PMCID: PMC7763515 DOI: 10.3390/v12121414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple epicenters of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have emerged since the first pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, such as Italy, USA, and Brazil. Brazil is the third-most affected country worldwide, but genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 strains are mostly restricted to states from the Southeast region. Pernambuco state, located in the Northeast region, is the sixth most affected Brazilian state, but very few genomic sequences from the strains circulating in this region are available. We sequenced 101 strains of SARS-CoV-2 from patients presenting Covid-19 symptoms that reside in Pernambuco. Phylogenetic reconstructions revealed that all genomes belong to the B lineage and most of the samples (88%) were classified as lineage B.1.1. We detected multiple viral introductions from abroad (likely from Europe) as well as six local B.1.1 clades composed by Pernambuco only strains. Local clades comprise sequences from the capital city (Recife) and other country-side cities, corroborating the community spread between different municipalities of the state. These findings demonstrate that different from Southeastern Brazilian states where the epidemics were majorly driven by one dominant lineage (B.1.1.28 or B.1.1.33), the early epidemic phase at the Pernambuco state was driven by multiple B.1.1 lineages seeded through both national and international traveling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Henrique Santos Paiva
- Núcleo de Ciências da Vida, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro Acadêmico do Agreste-Rodovia BR-104, km 59-Nova Caruaru, Caruaru 55002-970, Brazil;
- Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (D.R.D.G.); (F.Z.D.); (L.C.M.); (L.K.); (E.H.); (A.F.d.S.); (D.L.d.C.); (C.F.J.A.)
| | - Duschinka Ribeiro Duarte Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (D.R.D.G.); (F.Z.D.); (L.C.M.); (L.K.); (E.H.); (A.F.d.S.); (D.L.d.C.); (C.F.J.A.)
| | - Cássia Docena
- Núcleo de Plataformas Tecnológicas (NPT), Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil;
| | - Matheus Filgueira Bezerra
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (M.F.B.); (A.M.R.); (B.S.L.F.d.S.)
| | - Filipe Zimmer Dezordi
- Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (D.R.D.G.); (F.Z.D.); (L.C.M.); (L.K.); (E.H.); (A.F.d.S.); (D.L.d.C.); (C.F.J.A.)
- Núcleo de Bioinformática (NBI), Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Laís Ceschini Machado
- Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (D.R.D.G.); (F.Z.D.); (L.C.M.); (L.K.); (E.H.); (A.F.d.S.); (D.L.d.C.); (C.F.J.A.)
| | - Larissa Krokovsky
- Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (D.R.D.G.); (F.Z.D.); (L.C.M.); (L.K.); (E.H.); (A.F.d.S.); (D.L.d.C.); (C.F.J.A.)
| | - Elisama Helvecio
- Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (D.R.D.G.); (F.Z.D.); (L.C.M.); (L.K.); (E.H.); (A.F.d.S.); (D.L.d.C.); (C.F.J.A.)
| | - Alexandre Freitas da Silva
- Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (D.R.D.G.); (F.Z.D.); (L.C.M.); (L.K.); (E.H.); (A.F.d.S.); (D.L.d.C.); (C.F.J.A.)
- Núcleo de Bioinformática (NBI), Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Luydson Richardson Silva Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (L.R.S.V.); (A.d.M.N.); (C.T.A.d.S.); (R.P.G.M.); (M.A.L.d.S.); (W.R.C.d.N.); (R.M.L.A.); (S.P.B.-F.)
| | - Antonio Mauro Rezende
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (M.F.B.); (A.M.R.); (B.S.L.F.d.S.)
- Núcleo de Bioinformática (NBI), Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Severino Jefferson Ribeiro da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia e Terapia Experimental (LAVITE), Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (S.J.R.d.S.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Kamila Gaudêncio da Silva Sales
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (K.G.d.S.S.); (M.d.S.B.)
| | - Bruna Santos Lima Figueiredo de Sá
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (M.F.B.); (A.M.R.); (B.S.L.F.d.S.)
| | - Derciliano Lopes da Cruz
- Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (D.R.D.G.); (F.Z.D.); (L.C.M.); (L.K.); (E.H.); (A.F.d.S.); (D.L.d.C.); (C.F.J.A.)
| | - Claudio Eduardo Cavalcanti
- Laboratório de Virologia e Terapia Experimental (LAVITE), Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (S.J.R.d.S.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Armando de Menezes Neto
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (L.R.S.V.); (A.d.M.N.); (C.T.A.d.S.); (R.P.G.M.); (M.A.L.d.S.); (W.R.C.d.N.); (R.M.L.A.); (S.P.B.-F.)
| | - Caroline Targino Alves da Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (L.R.S.V.); (A.d.M.N.); (C.T.A.d.S.); (R.P.G.M.); (M.A.L.d.S.); (W.R.C.d.N.); (R.M.L.A.); (S.P.B.-F.)
| | - Renata Pessôa Germano Mendes
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (L.R.S.V.); (A.d.M.N.); (C.T.A.d.S.); (R.P.G.M.); (M.A.L.d.S.); (W.R.C.d.N.); (R.M.L.A.); (S.P.B.-F.)
| | - Maria Almerice Lopes da Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (L.R.S.V.); (A.d.M.N.); (C.T.A.d.S.); (R.P.G.M.); (M.A.L.d.S.); (W.R.C.d.N.); (R.M.L.A.); (S.P.B.-F.)
| | - Tiago Gräf
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil;
| | - Paola Cristina Resende
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Gonzalo Bello
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Michelle da Silva Barros
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (K.G.d.S.S.); (M.d.S.B.)
| | - Wheverton Ricardo Correia do Nascimento
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (L.R.S.V.); (A.d.M.N.); (C.T.A.d.S.); (R.P.G.M.); (M.A.L.d.S.); (W.R.C.d.N.); (R.M.L.A.); (S.P.B.-F.)
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Moraes Loyo Arcoverde
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (L.R.S.V.); (A.d.M.N.); (C.T.A.d.S.); (R.P.G.M.); (M.A.L.d.S.); (W.R.C.d.N.); (R.M.L.A.); (S.P.B.-F.)
| | | | - Sinval Pinto Brandão-Filho
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (L.R.S.V.); (A.d.M.N.); (C.T.A.d.S.); (R.P.G.M.); (M.A.L.d.S.); (W.R.C.d.N.); (R.M.L.A.); (S.P.B.-F.)
| | - Constância Flávia Junqueira Ayres
- Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (D.R.D.G.); (F.Z.D.); (L.C.M.); (L.K.); (E.H.); (A.F.d.S.); (D.L.d.C.); (C.F.J.A.)
| | - Gabriel Luz Wallau
- Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (D.R.D.G.); (F.Z.D.); (L.C.M.); (L.K.); (E.H.); (A.F.d.S.); (D.L.d.C.); (C.F.J.A.)
- Núcleo de Bioinformática (NBI), Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Figueredo LA, Luna RLN, Miranda DEDO, Silva FJ, Otranto D, Cafarchia C, Figueiredo RCBQ, Dantas-Torres F, Brandão-Filho SP. Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) Reduces the Survival Time of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae), the Main Vector of the Visceral Leishmaniasis Agent in the Americas. J Med Entomol 2020; 57:2025-2029. [PMID: 32614052 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) is a major neglected tropical disease and Brazil is the responsible for most cases reported in the Americas. In this region, L. infantum is primarily transmitted by Lutzomyia longipalpis and Migonemyia migonei (França) (Diptera: Psychodidae) is considered a permissive vector. We evaluated the susceptibility of Lu. longipalpis and Mg. migonei to Beauveria bassiana and to Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) essential oil. A spore suspension of B. bassiana was prepared and sand flies divided into five groups: test 1 (107 spores/ml of B. bassiana with E. globulus essential oil at 4 mg/ml), test 2 (107 spores/ml of B. bassiana), test 3 (E. globulus essential oil at 4 mg/ml), positive control (cypermethrin 0.1%), and negative control (sterile distilled water). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on specimens from each group. A 50% reduction was recorded in the survival time of Lu. longipalpis in test 1 and 2, where hyphal adhesion and cuticle damage were observed by SEM. No significant differences in the survival time of Mg. migonei were found, probable due to the high mortality rate observed in the negative control group, which may be a result of the greater sensitivity of this species to laboratory conditions. The results obtained herein suggest that B. bassiana may be a potential biological control agent against Lu. longipalpis, the main vector of L. infantum in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Aguiar Figueredo
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Lira Nogueira Luna
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando José Silva
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Claudia Cafarchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | | | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Sinval Pinto Brandão-Filho
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Morais RCSD, Melo MGND, Goes TCD, Pessoa E Silva R, Morais RFD, Guerra JADO, Brito MEFD, Brandão-Filho SP, Paiva Cavalcanti MD. Duplex qPCR for Leishmania species identification using lesion imprint on filter paper. Exp Parasitol 2020; 219:108019. [PMID: 33053400 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is caused by different Leishmania parasites, which stimulate and direct the immune response against the infection. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the TaqMan probe technology applicability to diagnose and identifying of Leishmania spp. related to the ACL etiology. METHODOLOGY Through the MEGA 6.0 software, performed an in silico analysis using multiple alignments of Leishmania spp. which were available on GenBank for different genomic targets. The efficiency (e), specificity and detection limit (DL) were calculated for each system, these were associated to compose a duplex-qPCR (DqPCR). The samples of blood, lesion biopsy and lesion imprint on filter paper from patients residing in states of Amazonas (AM) and Pernambuco (PE)-Brazil, (cases and controls) were used to perform the DqPCR technique. The capacity to identify the Leishmania species was determined by comparison with isoenzymes method and sequencing analysis. RESULTS Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (rDNA) was the target selected. Two sets of primers and probes were designed and combined: SVS for subgenus Viannia and LaS for L. (L.) amazonensis. The results were: SVSe = 93.24%, SVS DL = 50 fg/μL; LaSe = 89.3%, LaSLD = 5 fg/μL presented 100% of specificity. In total, 236 individuals participated of the present study, wherein were 101 blood samples, 33 biopsies and 147 lesion imprints. The imprint was the most sensitive sample, showing 83.06% of sensitivity, 86.96% of specificity and substantial agreement between the techniques analysis (k = 0.531; p < 0,001). Regarding the species identification, DqPCR and sequencing/isoenzymes have agreed at 100%, since the infection is caused by a single Leishmania species. CONCLUSION The DqPCR technique was applicable in diagnosis and identification of Leishmania spp. (subgenus Viannia and L. amazonensis). Furthermore, the lesion imprint is less invasive, allowing a fewer discomfort and greater acceptance by the patients, in addition of being low cost and easy handling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tayná Correia de Goes
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, FIOCRUZ-PE. Rego Avenue, University City, Recife, Pernambuco, ZIP 50670-420, Brazil.
| | - Rômulo Pessoa E Silva
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, FIOCRUZ-PE. Rego Avenue, University City, Recife, Pernambuco, ZIP 50670-420, Brazil.
| | - Rômulo Freire de Morais
- Medicine Tropical Foundation, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Pedro Teixeira Avenue, Dom Pedro, Manaus, Amazonas, ZIP 69040-000, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Augusto de Oliveira Guerra
- Medicine Tropical Foundation, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Pedro Teixeira Avenue, Dom Pedro, Manaus, Amazonas, ZIP 69040-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Sinval Pinto Brandão-Filho
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, FIOCRUZ-PE. Rego Avenue, University City, Recife, Pernambuco, ZIP 50670-420, Brazil.
| | - Milena de Paiva Cavalcanti
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, FIOCRUZ-PE. Rego Avenue, University City, Recife, Pernambuco, ZIP 50670-420, Brazil.
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Sales KGDS, de Oliveira Miranda DE, Costa PL, da Silva FJ, Figueredo LA, Brandão-Filho SP, Dantas-Torres F. Home sweet home: sand flies find a refuge in remote indigenous villages in north-eastern Brazil, where leishmaniasis is endemic. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:118. [PMID: 30909958 PMCID: PMC6434633 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND From 2012 to 2013, an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis by Leishmania braziliensis was detected in indigenous villages located in a remote rural area of Pernambuco state, north-eastern Brazil. Considering that the principal activities of this indigenous community are farming and crop plantation, and also that the outbreak involved many children, we investigated the presence of sand fly vectors inside human houses and also the exposure of dogs to leishmanial parasites. Our general objective was to gather epidemiological data that could indicate the occurrence of a peri-domestic/domestic transmission cycle of L. braziliensis in these indigenous villages. METHODS From March 2015 to March 2016, sand flies were collected using light traps in the indoor and immediate outdoor environments in the three indigenous villages that reported the most cutaneous leishmaniasis cases during the 2012-2013 outbreak. Moreover, samples obtained from 300 dogs living in the outbreak villages and two nearby villages were tested by a rapid immunochromatographic test and by a real-time PCR for detecting anti-Leishmania antibodies and Leishmania DNA, respectively. RESULTS In total, 5640 sand flies belonging to 11 species were identified. Males (n = 3540) predominated over females (n = 2100). Migonemyia migonei (84.3%) was the most abundant species, followed by Evandromyia lenti (5.5%), Lutzomyia longipalpis (4.1%), Nyssomyia intermedia (1.6%) and Micropygomyia capixaba (1.4%), representing together ~97% of the sand flies collected. Nine out of the 11 species identified in this study were found indoors, including M. migonei, L. longipalpis and N. intermedia, which are proven vectors of Leishmania spp. Out of 300 dogs tested, 26 (8.7%) presented anti-Leishmania antibodies and six (2%) were Leishmania DNA-positive. The level of exposure in dogs living in the indigenous villages where the 2012-2013 outbreak of human CL was detected was almost 2-fold higher than in the two nearby villages (11.0 vs 6.2% for serology and 2.6 vs 1.4% for real-time PCR). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that different sand fly vectors may be adapted to human dwellings, thus increasing the risk of transmission in the indoor and immediate outdoor environments. The adaptation of sand flies to the indoor environment in the studied indigenous villages may be partly explained by the poor housing conditions and the proximity of the houses to crop plantations and forest fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fernando José da Silva
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil
| | - Luciana Aguiar Figueredo
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil.
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10
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Costa PL, Brazil RP, Fuzari AA, Latrofa MS, Annoscia G, Tarallo VD, Capelli G, Otranto D, Brandão-Filho SP, Dantas-Torres F. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of Lutzomyia migonei from three Brazilian states. Acta Trop 2018; 187:144-150. [PMID: 30063885 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Lutzomyia migonei is incriminated as a vector of Leishmania braziliensis, the main causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. Recently, this phlebotomine sand fly species has been suggested as a vector for Leishmania infantum, which causes zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis. Considering the widespread distribution of Lu. migonei in South America, the existence of isolated populations has been hypothesized. Three Lu. migonei populations, two from north-eastern Brazil (Machados, Pernambuco State, and Baturité, Ceará State) and other from the south-eastern region (Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State) were analysed both morphologically and genetically. Though no significant morphological differences were found amongst the sand fly specimens analysed, discriminant analysis based on specific morphometric characters (i.e., length of wing, antennal segment 3 and coxite for males, and length of wing and antennal segment 3 for females), showed that specimens from Machados were closer to Baturité than to Niterói. The molecular analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences also supported this observation by the distinct separation of two monophyletic clades, grouping specimens from Machados and Baturité separately from those of Niterói. Our results suggest the existence of different populations within the distribution range of Lu. migonei. Whether these populations are reproductively isolated and/or present differences in terms of vector competence/capacity for L. braziliensis and L. infantum needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietra Lemos Costa
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Stefania Latrofa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Giada Annoscia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Viviana Domenica Tarallo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Gioia Capelli
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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11
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Brito MEFD, Almeida EL, Medeiros ACR, Werkhäuser RP, Alexandre JLDA, Sá BSLF, Rodrigues EHG, Brandão-Filho SP. Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis isolated from the saliva of patients in a cutaneous leishmaniasis-endemic area of northeastern Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:e170250. [PMID: 29412341 PMCID: PMC5851022 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760170250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have described the use of non-invasive collection methods, mostly
based on the detection of parasite DNA, for diagnosis. However, no
Leishmania specimens have been isolated from saliva. Here,
we report the first isolation of Leishmania braziliensis from
the saliva of humans with cutaneous leishmaniasis but without lesions on their
mucosa. The isolates were obtained from salivary fluid inoculated in hamsters
and were tested by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Seven samples from 43
patients suspected of having the disease were identified for in
vivo culture. These findings suggest that saliva is a clinical
sample that allows the isolation of Leishmania sp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ericka Lima Almeida
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Imunologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | - Roberto Pereira Werkhäuser
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Imunologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Sinval Pinto Brandão-Filho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Imunologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
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12
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Immediato D, Figueredo LA, Iatta R, Camarda A, de Luna RLN, Giangaspero A, Brandão-Filho SP, Otranto D, Cafarchia C. Essential oils and Beauveria bassiana against Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae): Towards new natural acaricides. Vet Parasitol 2016; 229:159-165. [PMID: 27809973 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) and entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana (Bb) strains have the potential to be used as alternative insecticides and acaricides for controlling ectoparasites as Dermanyssus gallinae. These compounds have some limitations in their use: the acaricidal effect of EOs is rapid, but short-lived, whilst that of Bb is delayed, but long-lived. To evaluate the effect of both compounds combined against D. gallinae, the non-toxic dose of Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus citriodora, Thymus vulgaris and Eugenia caryophyllata essential oils were firstly calculated for "native" strains of Bb. Subsequently, the effects of the combination of selected EOs with Bb against nymph and adult poultry red mites (PRMs) was assessed. EO concentrations ranging from 0.0015 to 8% v/v (i.e., nine double dilutions) were used to evaluate their effect on germination, sporulation and vegetative growth rates of native strains of Bb. A total of 1440 mites (720 nymphs and 720 adults) were divided into three-treated group (TGs) and one control group (CG). In TGs, mites were exposed to Bb in combination with the selected EO (TG1), EO alone (TG2) or Bb (TG3) alone. In the CG, mites were exposed to 0.1% tween 80 plus EO solvent (CG). E. globulus and E. citriodora were toxic for Bb in concentrations higher than 0.2% and 0.003% respectively, whilst E. caryophyllata and T. vulgaris were toxic at all concentrations tested against Bb. Based on the results of the toxicity assays against Bb, E. globulus was chosen to be tested as acaricide resulting non-toxic for Bb at concentration lower than 0.4%. Increased mortality of D. gallinae adults was recorded in TG1 than those in other TGs from 4days post-infection (T+4DPI). A 100% mortality of D. gallinae was recorded in adults at T+9DPI and at T+10DPI in nymphs in TG1 and later than T+11DPI in the other TGs. Used in combination with E. globulus, Bb displayed an earlier acaricidal effect towards both haematophagous D. gallinae stages. The combination of B. bassiana and E. globulus at 0.2% might be used for controlling arthropods of medical and veterinary importance as D. gallinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Immediato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Luciana Aguiar Figueredo
- Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 50670-420 Recife, Brazil
| | - Roberta Iatta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Antonio Camarda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | | | - Annunziata Giangaspero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Sinval Pinto Brandão-Filho
- Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 50670-420 Recife, Brazil
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Claudia Cafarchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy.
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Miranda DEDO, Sales KGDS, Faustino MADG, Alves LC, Brandão-Filho SP, Dantas-Torres F, de Carvalho GA. Ecology of sand flies in a low-density residential rural area, with mixed forest/agricultural exploitation, in north-eastern Brazil. Acta Trop 2015; 146:89-94. [PMID: 25792416 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis is endemic in Brazil, where Lutzomyia whitmani is the most important vector involved in the transmission to humans, particularly in the peridomestic environment. Herein, we assessed the ecology of sand flies, including Lu. whitmani, in a low-density residential rural area with mixed forest/agricultural exploitation in north-eastern Brazil, where cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic. Particularly, we hypothesized that sand fly abundance was correlated with climatic variables. Sand fly collections were carried out monthly from August 2013 to August 2014, using seven CDC light traps, for three consecutive nights, in three kinds of environments: indoor, peridomicile and forest. Collected sand flies were identified based on morphology and females of Lu. whitmani (n=169), Lu. amazonensis (n=134) and Lu. complexa (n=21) were selected and tested by PCR for Leishmania (Viannia) spp. In total, 5167 sand flies belonging to 19 species were identified, being that Lu. choti (43.2%) was the most frequent species, followed by Lu. amazonensis (16.6%), Lu. whitmani (15.8%), Lu. sordellii (10.7%) and Lu. quinquefer (5.8%), which together represented over 90% of the collected sand flies. All females tested by PCR were negative. The number of sand flies collected daily was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with rainfall and relative humidity. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between daily number of sand flies and daily average saturation deficit. This study points out that the number of sand flies captured daily is correlated to climatic variables, including saturation deficit, which may represent a useful parameter for monitoring sand fly populations in leishmaniasis-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Sinval Pinto Brandão-Filho
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Centre, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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14
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Sales KGDS, Costa PL, de Morais RCS, Otranto D, Brandão-Filho SP, Cavalcanti MDP, Dantas-Torres F. Identification of phlebotomine sand fly blood meals by real-time PCR. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:230. [PMID: 25889289 PMCID: PMC4410465 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phlebotomine sand flies are blood-feeding insects of great medical and veterinary significance acting as vectors of Leishmania parasites. Studying the blood-feeding pattern of these insects may help in the understanding of their interactions with potential reservoir hosts of Leishmania parasites. In this study, we developed real time PCR assays for the identification of sand fly blood meal. Methods Six pairs of primers were designed based on cytochrome b gene sequences available in GenBank of the following potential hosts: dog, cat, horse, chicken, black rat, and human. Firstly, SYBR Green-based real time PCR assays were conducted using a standard curve with eight different concentrations (i.e., 10 ng, 1 ng, 100 pg, 10 pg, 1 pg, 100 fg, 10 fg and 1 fg per 2 μl) of DNA samples extracted from EDTA blood samples from each target animal. Then, DNA samples extracted from field-collected engorged female sand flies belonging to three species (i.e., Lutzomyia longipalpis, L. migonei and L. lenti) were tested by the protocols standardized herein. Additionally, female sand flies were experimentally fed on a black rat (Rattus rattus) and used for evaluating the time course of the detection of the protocol targeting this species. Results The protocols performed well with detection limits of 10 pg to 100 fg. Field-collected female sand flies were fed on blood from humans (73%), chickens (23%), dogs (22%), horses (15%), black rats (11%) and cats (2%). Interestingly, 76.1% of the L. longipalpis females were positive for human blood. In total, 48% of the tested females were fed on single sources, 31% on two and 12% on three. The analysis of the time course showed that the real time PCR protocol targeting the black rat DNA was able to detect small amounts of the host DNA up to 5 days after the blood meal. Conclusions The real time PCR assays standardized herein successfully detected small amounts of host DNA in female sand flies fed on different vertebrate species and, specifically for the black rats, up to 5 days after the blood meal. These assays represent promising tools for the identification of blood meal in field-collected female sand flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Gaudêncio da Silva Sales
- Department of Immunology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-465, Brazil.
| | - Pietra Lemos Costa
- Department of Immunology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-465, Brazil.
| | - Rayana Carla Silva de Morais
- Department of Immunology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-465, Brazil.
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Bari, 70010, Italy.
| | - Sinval Pinto Brandão-Filho
- Department of Immunology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-465, Brazil.
| | - Milena de Paiva Cavalcanti
- Department of Immunology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-465, Brazil.
| | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Department of Immunology, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-465, Brazil. .,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Bari, 70010, Italy.
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Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque SDC, Pessoa E Silva R, de Morais RCS, Trajano-Silva LAM, Régis-da-Silva CG, Brandão-Filho SP, de Paiva-Cavalcanti M. Tracking false-negative results in molecular diagnosis: proposal of a triplex-PCR based method for leishmaniasis diagnosis. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2014; 20:16. [PMID: 24808911 PMCID: PMC4012836 DOI: 10.1186/1678-9199-20-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular biological methods have become increasingly relevant to the diagnosis and control of infectious diseases, such as leishmaniasis. Since various factors may affect the sensitivity of PCR assays, including DNA yield and purity, an optimal extraction method is pivotal. Losses of a parasite’s DNA during extraction may significantly impair its detection by PCR and lead to false-negative results. This study proposes a triplex PCR assay targeting the parasite’s DNA, an external control (pUC18) and an internal control (G3PD) for accurate diagnosis of leishmaniasis. Results Two primer pairs were designed to detect the plasmid pUC18 and a triplex PCR assay targeting the Leishmania braziliensis kinetoplast DNA, the external control and the internal control was standardized. The triplex PCR assay was assessed for its ability to detect the three target DNA fragments simultaneously. PCR products from pUC18 DNA resulted in bands of 368 (P1) and 316 (P2) base pairs (bp). The triplex PCR optimized with the chosen external control system (P1) allowed the simultaneous detection of the internal control (G3PD – 567 bp) as well as of small quantities (10 pg) of the target parasite’s DNA, detected by amplification of a 138 bp product. Conclusions The new tool standardized herein enables a more reliable interpretation of PCR results, mainly by contributing to quality assurance of leishmaniasis diagnosis. Furthermore, after simple standardization steps, this protocol could be applied to the diagnosis of other infectious diseases in reference laboratories. This triplex PCR enables the assessment of small losses during the DNA extraction process, problems concerning DNA degradation (sample quality) and the detection of L. braziliensis kDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rômulo Pessoa E Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Recife, Pernambuco CEP 50670-420, Brasil
| | - Rayana Carla Silva de Morais
- Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Recife, Pernambuco CEP 50670-420, Brasil
| | | | - Carlos Gustavo Régis-da-Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Recife, Pernambuco CEP 50670-420, Brasil
| | - Sinval Pinto Brandão-Filho
- Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Recife, Pernambuco CEP 50670-420, Brasil
| | - Milena de Paiva-Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Recife, Pernambuco CEP 50670-420, Brasil
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Costa PL, Dantas-Torres F, da Silva FJ, Guimarães VCFV, Gaudêncio K, Brandão-Filho SP. Ecology of Lutzomyia longipalpis in an area of visceral leishmaniasis transmission in north-eastern Brazil. Acta Trop 2013; 126:99-102. [PMID: 23369878 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a major public health issue in South America, where the disease is rapidly spreading. Changes in ecology and distribution of the principal vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis are among the factors accounting for the increasing incidence of the disease in this region. However, information about the ecology of L. longipalpis is still incipient, which may directly impair the implementation of effective control programs. Herein, the ecology of L. longipalpis was studied in a focus of visceral leishmaniasis in north-eastern Brazil. From August 2009 to August 2010, phlebotomine sand flies were monthly collected in four localities using CDC light traps (~37 per month) and a lantern-baited Shannon trap with mouth aspirators. A total of 24,226 phlebotomine sand flies were collected with light traps and 375 with mouth aspirators. The most abundant species was L. longipalpis, representing 97.9% of the specimens collected with light traps and 91.5% with the mouth aspirator. Other species (Lutzomyia evandroi, Lutzomyia lenti and Lutzomyia sallesi) were found in low numbers. Most phlebotomine sand flies (94.6%) were collected at chicken coops and corrals. No significant correlation was found between the monthly abundance of phlebotomine sand flies and the monthly averages of temperature, relative humidity or rainfall. However, interestingly enough, 82.4% of L. longipalpis specimens were collected in months when relative humidity surpassed 75%. This study points out that this vector is well adapted to live in different habitats and to different climate conditions. It also suggests that some north-eastern populations of L. longipalpis may be more xerotolerant than southern populations. Further studies to assess the relationship between microclimate and L. longipalpis density in different Brazilian regions are advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietra Lemos Costa
- Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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de Morais RCS, Gonçalves SDC, Costa PL, da Silva KG, da Silva FJ, Silva RPE, de Brito MEF, Brandão-Filho SP, Dantas-Torres F, de Paiva-Cavalcanti M. Detection of Leishmania infantum in animals and their ectoparasites by conventional PCR and real time PCR. Exp Appl Acarol 2013; 59:473-81. [PMID: 23132326 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-012-9611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniosis (VL) is a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania infantum, which is primarily transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies. However, there has been much speculation on the role of other arthropods in the transmission of VL. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the presence of L. infantum in cats, dogs and their ectoparasites in a VL-endemic area in northeastern Brazil. DNA was extracted from blood samples and ectoparasites, tested by conventional PCR (cPCR) and quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) targeting the L. infantum kinetoplast DNA. A total of 280 blood samples (from five cats and 275 dogs) and 117 ectoparasites from dogs were collected. Animals were apparently healthy and not previously tested by serological or molecular diagnostic methods. Overall, 213 (76.1 %) animals and 51 (43.6 %) ectoparasites were positive to L. infantum, with mean parasite loads of 795.2, 31.9 and 9.1 fg in dogs, cats and ectoparasites, respectively. Concerning the positivity between dogs and their ectoparasites, 32 (15.3 %) positive dogs were parasitized by positive ectoparasites. The overall concordance between the PCR protocols used was 59.2 %, with qPCR being more efficient than cPCR; 34.1 % of all positive samples were exclusively positive by qPCR. The high number of positive animals and ectoparasites also indicates that they could serve as sentinels or indicators of the circulation of L. infantum in risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayana Carla Silva de Morais
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brazil
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de Morais RCS, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque SDC, Pessoa e Silva R, Costa PL, da Silva KG, da Silva FJ, Brandão-Filho SP, Dantas-Torres F, de Paiva-Cavalcanti M. Detection and quantification of Leishmania braziliensis in ectoparasites from dogs. Vet Parasitol 2013; 196:506-8. [PMID: 23601843 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is a disease caused by different species of Leishmania protozoa, Leishmania braziliensis being the main species found in Brazil. In this study, two rural areas in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, where ACL is endemic, were selected. Genomic DNA was extracted from canine ectoparasites (ticks, fleas, and lice) and tested using a conventional PCR and a quantitative real time PCR. A total of 117 ectoparasites were collected, being 50 (42.74%) of them positive for L. braziliensis (in at least one PCR protocol), with a mean parasite load of 14.14 fg/μL. Furthermore, 46 (92.00%) positive ectoparasites were collected from positive dogs and 4 (8.00%) from negative ones. This study reports the detection of L. braziliensis DNA in ectoparasites, but does not prove their vector competence. Certainly, experimental transmission studies are necessary to assess their role, if any, in the transmission of Leishmania parasites to dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayana Carla Silva de Morais
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Figueredo LA, de Paiva-Cavalcanti M, Almeida EL, Brandão-Filho SP, Dantas-Torres F. Clinical and hematological findings in Leishmania braziliensis-infected dogs from Pernambuco, Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [PMID: 23207982 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612012005000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Canine cutaneous leishmaniasis by Leishmania braziliensis is a neglected, but widespread disease of dogs in South America. This paper describes clinical and hematological alterations in 17 L. braziliensis-infected dogs from Brazil. The most common hematological findings were thrombocytopenia (82.4%), anemia (70.6%), low packed cell volume (52.9%) and eosinophilia (41.2%). Twelve (70.6%) dogs displayed at least one evident physical alteration; 11 dogs (64.7%) presented skin lesions, four (23.5%) had weight loss and two (11.8%) onychogryphosis. L. braziliensis-infected dogs present clinical and hematological signs often observed in dogs infected by other pathogens. This indicates that veterinarians and public health workers should not consider the presence of non-specific clinical signs as diagnostic criteria for visceral leishmaniasis in dogs living endemic areas to avoid misdiagnosis and subsequent elimination of dogs infected by L. braziliensis.
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Brito MEFD, Andrade MS, Dantas-Torres F, Rodrigues EHG, Cavalcanti MDP, Almeida AMPD, Brandão-Filho SP. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeastern Brazil: a critical appraisal of studies conducted in State of Pernambuco. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2012; 45:425-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822012005000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is a complex disease with clinical and epidemiological features that may vary from region to region. In fact, at least seven different Leishmania species, including Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis, Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni, Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi, Leishmania (Viannia) shawi, Leishmania (Viannia) lindenbergi, and Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, have been implicated in the etiology of ACL in Brazil, and numerous phlebotomine sandfly species of the genus Lutzomyia have been regarded as putative or proven vectors. Because ACL is a focal disease, understanding the disease dynamics at the local level is essential for the implementation of more effective control measures. The present paper is a narrative review about the ACL epidemiology in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Furthermore, the need for more effective diagnosis, treatment, control and prevention strategies for the affected populations is highlighted. This paper will provide researchers with a critical appraisal of ACL in Pernambuco. Hopefully, it will also be helpful for public health authorities to improve current control strategies against ACL at the state and country levels.
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Gonçalves SC, Régis-da-Silva CG, Brito MEFC, Brandão-Filho SP, Paiva-Cavalcanti M. Application of the mammalian glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene for sample quality control in multiplex PCR for diagnosis of leishmaniasis. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992012000200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Dantas-Torres F, Andrade AJD, Tenório KER, Andrade Filho JD, Balbino VDQ, Brandão-Filho SP. Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in the State of Pernambuco. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2010; 43:733-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822010000600028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Phlebotomine sand flies are small insects of great medical relevance. This article presents an updated list of the phlebotomine sand flies occurring in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: A review of literature published since the 1940s up to May 2010 was conducted and voucher material deposited in reference collections were studied. RESULTS: A total of 37 phlebotomine species have previously been reported as occurring in Pernambuco, but the record of six species needs confirmation. CONCLUSIONS: This work provides an updated list of phlebotomine sand flies of Pernambuco, with some notes on their taxonomy, ecology, distribution and epidemiological relevance.
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Santos JMLD, Dantas-Torres F, Mattos MRF, Lino FRL, Andrade LSS, Souza RCAD, Brito FLDC, Brito MEFD, Brandão-Filho SP, Simões-Mattos L. [Prevalence of anti-Leishmania spp antibodies in dogs from Garanhuns, in the middle scrub zone (Agreste) of Pernambuco]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2010; 43:41-5. [PMID: 20305967 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822010000100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Considering the unknown situation regarding canine visceral leishmaniasis in Garanhuns, this study had the aim of investigating occurrences of anti-Leishmania spp antibodies in domesticated and partially domesticated dogs, and the possible risk factors involved. METHODS In the first phase of the study, 256 blood samples were collected from dogs and subjected to the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) reaction at a dilution of 1:40. Additionally, 23 IFAT-positive samples were tested using an immunochromatographic dipstick test. In the second phase, new blood samples were collected from 18 dogs that were IFAT-positive in the first phase. These animals were retested using IFAT (1:40 and 1:80) and, additionally, by means of the polymerase chain reaction to investigate the Leishmania infantum DNA. Furthermore, 16 of these samples were retested using the immunochromatographic dipstick test. RESULTS In the first phase of the study, 16% of the samples were IFAT-positive (1:40) and only three (13%) were positive in the immunochromatographic dipstick test. In the second phase, 12 samples were IFAT-positive at the dilution of 1:40, and seven were also positive at 1:80. None of the samples were positive in the polymerase chain reaction testing or in the immunochromatographic dipstick test. Clinical signs suggestive of visceral leishmaniasis were observed in 4.9% of the IFAT-positive dogs. There were no statistical differences in relation to age, sex or clinical status of the dogs, but there was a difference in relation to place of origin. CONCLUSIONS The domesticated and partially domesticated dogs living in Garanhuns present anti-Leishmania spp antibodies, but are mostly asymptomatic.
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Andrade MS, Brito MEF, Silva STD, Ishikawa E, Carvalho SMS, Brandão-Filho SP. Novo surto de leishmaniose tegumentar americana em área de treinamento militar na Zona da Mata norte do Estado de Pernambuco. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2009; 42:594-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822009000500022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Relata-se novo surto de LTA em militares com 71 casos confirmados pelos critérios clínico, epidemiológico e laboratorial. Obteve-se o isolamento de sete amostras, identificadas como Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. A ocorrência de surtos nesta região confirma o caráter endêmico, cuja magnitude parece estar relacionada a não adoção de medidas de proteção individual.
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Figueredo LA, Dantas-Torres F, de Faria EB, Gondim LFP, Simões-Mattos L, Brandão-Filho SP, Mota RA. Occurrence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs from Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2008; 157:9-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Brito MEFD, Silva CJ, Silva CM, Salazar PR, Coutinho JS, Reis LDC, Pereira VRA, Brandão-Filho SP, Medeiros ÂCR. Clinical epidemiological profile of American tegumentary leishmaniasis at the Pinto Sugar Mill in Moreno Municipality, Greater Metropolitan Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2008; 24:2445-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2008001000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is present in all regions of Pernambuco State, Brazil, where it is spreading, with the emergence of foci in new areas like the Municipality (County) of Moreno in Greater Metropolitan Recife. The objective of the current study was to assess the prevalence of infection and identify autochthonous cases of ATL. In April 2006 a population survey was performed using a questionnaire and the Montenegro skin test (MST) in 481 individuals from the Pinto Sugar Mill, of whom 47% were males and 74% were younger than 30 years. One hundred forty-four individuals (30%) showed a positive MST. Of these, five presented active lesions, 41 were cured after meglumine antimoniate treatment, and one showed a spontaneous cure. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) was performed on sera from 89 individuals and showed a 36% positive rate. The high ATL prevalence demonstrates the epidemiological spread of the disease in Greater Metropolitan Recife, a worrisome development since there are no effective measures for ATL control except ecological awareness raising to minimize the risk of infection.
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Dantas-Torres F, Almeida FDA, Brandão-Filho SP. PHLEBOTOMINE SANDFLIES OF AN URBAN FOCUS OF VISCERAL LEISHMANIOSIS,PERNAMBUCO STATE. Rev Patol Trop 2007. [DOI: 10.5216/rpt.v35i2.1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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de Carvalho MR, Lima BS, Marinho-Júnior JF, da Silva FJ, Valença HF, Almeida FDA, da Silva AL, Brandão-Filho SP. Phlebotomine sandfly species from an American visceral leishmaniasis area in the Northern Rainforest region of Pernambuco State, Brazil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2007; 23:1227-32. [PMID: 17486244 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2007000500024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 08/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the fauna of phlebotomine sandflies in an area with incidence of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) in São Vicente Férrer, a municipality (county) located in the northern Zona da Mata in Pernambuco State, Brazil. Sandfly captures were conducted monthly for four nights/month from December 2002 to November 2003, by means of manual captures (with a Shannon trap) and by CDC light traps. A total of 23,156 specimens of phlebotomines sandflies were collected in a remnant of the Atlantic rainforest, houses, and animal shelters. Lutzomyia complexa was the most prevalent species, with a frequency of 62.5% (14,445/23,156), followed by Lutzomyia migonei, with 33.2% (7,677/23,156). No Lutzomyia longipalpis (the main vector of Leishmania chagasi in Brazil and the Americas) was found in the target area. Some specimens were dissected, but no Leishmania parasites were found.
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Dantas-Torres F, de Brito MEF, Brandão-Filho SP. Seroepidemiological survey on canine leishmaniasis among dogs from an urban area of Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2006; 140:54-60. [PMID: 16621286 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2005] [Revised: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey on canine leishmaniasis among pet dogs was carried out in an urban area in the State of Pernambuco (Brazil) where human cases of visceral leishmaniasis have sporadically been reported. Using an indirect fluorescent antibody test, anti-Leishmania antibodies were detected in 130 out of 322 dogs, confirming previous exposure to Leishmania parasites. The overall seroprevalence found was 40.3% (95% confidence interval: 34.9-45.9). Data analysis revealed that serological positivity was statistically associated with male (chi2=20.60, P-value=0.000) and juvenile dogs (chi2=4.24, P-value=0.039). Furthermore, it was observed that 85.3% of all seropositive dogs showed no clinical signs of leishmaniasis. The results showed a high seroprevalence of anti-Leishmania antibodies among dogs from an urban area of Pernambuco - with a large proportion of asymptomatic seropositive dogs - indicating that the prevalence of Leishmania infection in this area has been underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Caixa Postal 7472, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Campus UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco CEP 50670-420, Brazil.
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Abstract
In the last 20 years, despite the known underestimation of cases, Brazil registered a marked increase in the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis. The main goal of this review is to reflect on some aspects of this zoonosis in Brazil and also to encourage the discussion in order to find more viable, effective and affordable strategies to be implemented by the Brazilian Leishmaniasis Control Program. The current situation of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil might be seen as a paradox: the most important aspects of the disease are known, but so far the control of this disease has not yet been achieved. The current control strategies have not been able to prevent the geographical expansion, and even a rise in the incidence and lethality of visceral leishmaniasis. There is a need not only for a better definition of priority areas, but also for the implementation of a fieldwork monitoring system to the disease surveillance that could permit a further evaluation of the control program in areas where visceral leishmaniasis is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, 50670-420 Recife, Brazil
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Abstract
The objective of this paper is to describe four cases of human parasitism by Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latrielle) in Brazil. During an investigation regarding the species of ectoparasites of domestic dogs from the metropolitan region of Recife, Pernambuco state, four dog owners were found to be parasitized by ticks. The ticks were collected from these individuals and their dogs. All the ticks were identified as Rhipicephalus sanguineus . These are, to our knowledge, the first four cases of human parasitism by this tick species in Brazil. The possible implications of this finding are discussed here.
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Campbell-Lendrum DH, Brandão-Filho SP, Pinto MC, Vexenat A, Ready PD, Davies CR. Domesticity of Lutzomyia whitmani (Diptera: psychodidae) populations: field experiments indicate behavioural differences. Bull Entomol Res 2000; 90:41-48. [PMID: 10948362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The sandfly Lutzomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho) is an important vector for cutaneous leishmaniasis throughout much of Brazil, and has recently been shown to consist of more than one mitochondrial lineage. It has frequently been asserted that the degree of adaptation of L. whitmani to human environments varies across its range. As a standardized test of indoor feeding for three geographically distant populations of L. whitmani, catches inside experimental chicken sheds of varying degrees of wall closure (0%, 33%, 67% and 98%) were compared. Each increment in shed closure reduced catches of females (relative to the most open shed) by a similar degree for each population: geometric mean catches dropped by 11-40% with 33% closure, by 41-62% with 67% closure, and by 69-100% with 98% closure. Geometric mean catches of males from the two more northerly populations also decreased with increasing shed closure, by 18% and 22% for 33% closure, 58% and 69% for 67% closure, 91% and 93% for 98% closure. Males from the most southerly population showed significantly different behaviour, with 33% closure causing a 54% increase in geometric mean catch, 67% closure causing a 6% increase, and 98% closure causing a 32% reduction. For this southerly population, sex ratios became more male biased with increasing density in more closed sheds, suggesting aggregation driven by intra-specific communication. Lutzomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva) was relatively more likely than L. whitmani to approach baits in the three more closed sheds, rather than the most open shed, offering a behavioural explanation for observed differences in indoor biting rates between the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Campbell-Lendrum
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
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Brandão-Filho SP, Campbell-Lendrum D, Brito ME, Shaw JJ, Davies CR. Epidemiological surveys confirm an increasing burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis in north-east Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1999; 93:488-94. [PMID: 10696402 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(99)90346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Health service records for north-east Brazil suggest a consistent rise in numbers of cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis over the past decade. In a study site in Pernambuco, prospective, cross-sectional and retrospective epidemiological surveys of infection (a positive Montenegro skin test response) and/or clinical symptoms confirmed a high current force of infection (0.092/year), and an approximately 10-fold increase in transmission during the last 10 years. Cross-sectional analysis indicated that the incidence rate among children (aged < or = 15 years) was lower than that among adult immigrants exposed for similar time periods, but there was no apparent difference in transmission rate according to gender. Coupled with the known behaviour of the local sandfly vector, Lutzomyia whitmani, this suggests that most people are infected outside their houses, rather than either indoors or while visiting remnant rainforest. The estimated proportion of infections which lead to cutaneous lesions (0.81-0.87) is relatively high for L. braziliensis areas. However, an unusually low proportion of clinical infections (0.0042) apparently leads to metastasis.
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Campbell-Lendrum DH, Pinto MC, Brandão-Filho SP, de Souza AA, Ready PD, Davies CR. Experimental comparison of anthropophily between geographically dispersed populations of Lutzomyia whitmani (Diptera: Psychodidae). Med Vet Entomol 1999; 13:299-309. [PMID: 10514057 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2915.1999.00174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Lutzomyia whitmani, a major vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil, occupies diverse habitats from the Amazon forest canopy to suburban animal pens. Three mitochondrial lineages of Lu. whitmani ('Amazonian', 'North-South' and 'North-east') have parapatric distributions coinciding with different ecological zones. We assessed the host preferences of populations representing the three lineages in standardized field experiments, and found that Lu. whitmani in all sites were significantly more attracted to humans than to dogs or chickens. Females from a southerly population of the North-South lineage showed the greatest degree of anthropophily. Lu. whitmani from Amazonia were also strongly attracted to human baits, contradicting previously published accounts. Intraspecific comparisons in non-Amazonian sites suggest that Lu. whitmani is less anthropophilic than Lu. intermedia but more so than Lu. longipalpis. No significant difference was detected in anthropophily between Lu. whitmani in the Amazon and either Lu. dendrophyla or Lu. gomezi. Anthropophilic behaviour was demonstrated in the same site for Lu. complexa, Lu. flaviscutellata and Lu. brachyphalla, but not for Lu. infraspinosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Campbell-Lendrum
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
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Campbell-Lendrum DH, Brandão-Filho SP, Ready PD, Davies CR. Host and/or site loyalty of Lutzomyia whitmani (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Brazil. Med Vet Entomol 1999; 13:209-211. [PMID: 10484168 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2915.1999.00169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D H Campbell-Lendrum
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
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Brandão-Filho SP, de Brito ME, Martins CA, Sommer IB, Valença HF, Almeida FA, Gomes J. [American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a military training center located in Zona da Mata, Pernambuco, Brazil]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1998; 31:575-8. [PMID: 9859704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of American cutaneous leishmaniasis has been occurred in military training unit localized in 'Zona da Mata' of Pernambuco State, Brazil, where were registered 26 human cases. An epidemiological survey was carried out by entomological investigation and Montenegro skin test (MST). Lutzomyia choti presents predominance (89.9%) in sandflies identified. Out of 545 men who realized training activities were 24.12% positive to MST.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Brandão-Filho
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/FIOCRUZ, Fundação Nacional de Saúde e Hospital Geral do Recife/Sétima Região Militar do Exército, PE.
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Brandão-Filho SP, de Carvalho FG, de Brito ME, Almeida FDA, Nascimento LA. American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pernambuco, Brazil: eco-epidemiological aspects in 'Zona da Mata' region. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1994; 89:445-9. [PMID: 7476230 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02761994000300028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) has been increasing in Pernambuco, thus becoming an important problem for Public Health. The incindence is predominant in the region called 'Zona da Mata', in the east of this state. This region corresponds geographically to the primitive area of the Atlantic forest. In order to characterize the eco-epidemiology expression of ACL in this region, two localities situated in the municipalities of Amaraji e Cortes have been selected by the criterion of higher incindence of human cases. Five stocks of patients were characterized and identified on the basis of enzyme profiles as a new variant of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis. A survey of wild and domestic animals was carried out by means of a parasitological and serological diagnosis. Through the analysis of the spleen and liver imprints, were detected amastigotes compatible with Leishmania in five Nectomys s. squamipes, five Bolomys 1. pixuna, two Rattus r. alexandrinus and one Rattus r. frugivorus. For two years we carried out monthly sandflies captures using CDC light traps as well as manual captures. Lutzomyia whitmani was predominant, which accounted for 97.4% of the total. These data indicate a strong evidence on the vector and the potential reservoirs of L. braziliensis in this region.
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