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Ishizuka S, Cunard R, Poucell-Hatton S, Wead L, Lortie M, Thomson SC, Gabbai FB, Satriano J, Blantz RC. Agmatine inhibits cell proliferation and improves renal function in anti-thy-1 glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11:2256-2264. [PMID: 11095648 DOI: 10.1681/asn.v11122256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the expression of alternate arginine metabolic pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of experimental glomerulonephritis. Agmatine, decarboxylated arginine, has been shown in vitro to suppress both inducible nitric oxide synthase and the rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). This study was undertaken to determine whether agmatine administration could reduce tissue injury by decreasing nitric oxide, and reduce cell proliferation, by diminishing ODC activity, in experimental mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (Thy-1 nephritis). Agmatine treatment (50 mg/kg per d intraperitoneally) in Thy-1 nephritis rats prevented a reduction in GFR at day 1. Agmatine treatment decreased nitric oxide production in Thy-1 nephritis rats by 23% and 41% at days 1 and 4, respectively. Agmatine treatment also reduced ODC activity and glomerular (3)H-thymidine incorporation on days 1, 4, and 7. Histologic evaluation revealed a decline in mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix accumulation associated with agmatine treatment administered before or 24 h after Thy-1 antibody, and this was confirmed by a reduction in the number of cells expressing proliferating cell nuclear antigen on days 4 and 7. These studies provide the first in vivo evidence that agmatine administration can reduce cellular proliferation in Thy-1 nephritis and attenuate the initial reduction in renal function associated with this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Ishizuka
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension and Pathology, University of California, Department of Medicine, San Diego, and VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
| | - Robyn Cunard
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension and Pathology, University of California, Department of Medicine, San Diego, and VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
| | - Siria Poucell-Hatton
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension and Pathology, University of California, Department of Medicine, San Diego, and VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
| | - Lucinda Wead
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension and Pathology, University of California, Department of Medicine, San Diego, and VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
| | - Mark Lortie
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension and Pathology, University of California, Department of Medicine, San Diego, and VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
| | - Scott C Thomson
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension and Pathology, University of California, Department of Medicine, San Diego, and VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
| | - Francis B Gabbai
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension and Pathology, University of California, Department of Medicine, San Diego, and VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
| | - Joseph Satriano
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension and Pathology, University of California, Department of Medicine, San Diego, and VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
| | - Roland C Blantz
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension and Pathology, University of California, Department of Medicine, San Diego, and VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
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Abstract
Fetal obstructive uropathy (FOU) is characterized by obstruction of the urethra, renal anomalies, ureterovesical dilatation, oligohydramnios, cryptorchidism, and abdominal muscle wall changes. The main objective of the present study was to better understand the relationship between FOU and renal pathology using a series of 15 male autopsy cases. A total of 11 cases with patent anus and 4 with imperforate anus were analyzed. Of the first group, most cases showed obstruction at the level of prostatic urethra. Seven cases showed obstruction at the level of the prostatic urethra and histologic study revealed scarring and partial or complete absence of the prostate, while in the remaining four cases the prostate was present. Of the cases with imperforate anus, two showed obstruction at the level of prostatic urethra, one showed posterior urethral valves, and one was obstructed at the proximal urethra. In all cases the kidneys showed mixed (dysplastic and cystic) changes with no significant differences between the two groups. An inverse correlation was observed between degree of renal dysplasia and gestational age, whereas the opposite was true for cystic changes. Distal and collecting tubules were more intensely immunoreactive to the anti-cytokeratin antibody when compared to proximal tubules. Moreover, anti-cytokeratin immunoreactivity was more prominent in tubules displaying cystic dilatation. DNA fragmentation analysis of renal tissue revealed a higher apoptosis of mesenchymal and tubular cells in the FOU cases, compared to gestational aged-matched controls. These results suggest that renal anomalies in FOU might be related to the gestational age at which the injury occurred and to the duration of the obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Poucell-Hatton
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego-Medical Center, 200 West Harbor View, San Diego, CA 92103-8321, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The mechanisms whereby intracellular messengers mediate zymogen granule transport and exocytosis in the pancreatic acinar cell are not well defined. Electron microscopy has shown a periluminal network of actin in the acinar cell, suggesting a role for actin and myosin in the transport process. The possible involvement of two types of myosin in the secretory process was investigated, and their distribution in acinar cells was determined. METHODS Antibodies specific to myosin I or to myosin II were used for immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. Ultrastructural studies were also performed. RESULTS Western blot analysis showed that myosin I and myosin II were present in total pancreatic homogenate but that only myosin I was present on isolated zymogen granules and their membranes. By immunocytochemistry, myosin I was shown in the apical aspect of acinar cells colocalized with glycoprotein 2, a marker for zymogen granules, and actin. By immunocytochemistry, myosin I was also localized on isolated zymogen granules. CONCLUSIONS The immunolocalization of myosin I to zymogen granule membranes and its close association with periluminal actin suggest that myosin I plays a direct role in the process of transport and exocytosis of zymogen granules in the pancreatic acinar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Poucell-Hatton
- Department of Medicine, San Diego Microscopy and Imaging Resource, University of California San Diego, USA
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Sandoval D, Gukovskaya A, Reavey P, Gukovsky S, Sisk A, Braquet P, Pandol SJ, Poucell-Hatton S. The role of neutrophils and platelet-activating factor in mediating experimental pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 1996; 111:1081-91. [PMID: 8831604 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(96)70077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatitis is characterized by inflammation and death of acinar cells. Death can occur by either necrosis or apoptosis. The initial injury may cause expression of cytokines that mediate activation and infiltration of neutrophils. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of neutrophils and platelet-activating factor (PAF) in cell death responses. METHODS The effects of neutrophil depletion with antineutrophil serum (ANS) and a PAF antagonist (BN52021) were measured in the cerulein model of pancreatitis. Rats received a 6-hour intravenous infusion of cerulein either alone or after treatment with ANS, BN52021, or both. RESULTS Cerulein-induced pancreatitis was characterized by neutrophilic infiltration, vacuolization of acinar cells, and foci of necrosis. Treatment with ANS and BN52021 prevented the inflammatory response caused by cerulein and decreased the cell damage. Treatment with ANS increased apoptosis in cerulein-infused animals. When BN52021 was added, apoptosis was abolished. The measurement of PAF in pancreatic tissue showed a ninefold increase with cerulein treatment alone and a 14-fold increase in cerulein-infused, neutrophil-depleted animals. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that cerulein stimulates pancreatic production of PAF. PAF mediates both apoptosis and neutrophil chemotaxis in the pancreas. Neutrophils in turn may convert acinar cells undergoing apoptosis into necrotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sandoval
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
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Gukovskaya AS, Perkins P, Zaninovic V, Sandoval D, Rutherford R, Fitzsimmons T, Pandol SJ, Poucell-Hatton S. Mechanisms of cell death after pancreatic duct obstruction in the opossum and the rat. Gastroenterology 1996; 110:875-84. [PMID: 8608898 DOI: 10.1053/gast.1996.v110.pm8608898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mechanisms of cell death in human and experimental pancreatitis remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms of cell death, apoptosis vs. necrosis, in models of pancreatitis induced by pancreatic duct ligation in the opossum and rat. METHODS Morphological changes were shown by light and electron microscopy, chromatin condensation and DNA breaks were assessed using Hoechst 33258 staining and DNA nickend labeling, and DNA fragmentation was characterized b gel electrophoresis. RESULTS Cells with morphology of both necrosis and apoptosis were found in pancreata from duct-ligated animals; however, the apoptosis-necrosis ratio was different for the opossum and the rat. Both apoptotic and necrotic cells stained for breaks in DNA, suggesting that both apoptosis and necrosis are associated with DNA fragmentation and that DNA end labeling cannot specifically detect apoptotic cells. No significant oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation was found in pancreas from duct-ligated animals, although the endonuclease responsible for oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation was present in pancreatic nuclei. CONCLUSIONS Duct ligation resulted predominantly in apoptosis in the rat and necrosis in the opossum. The differences in types of cell death in the two models may result from differences in inflammatory cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Gukovskaya
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA
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