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van Bemmelen RSA, Moe B, Schekkerman H, Hansen SA, Snell KRS, Humphreys EM, Mäntylä E, Hallgrimsson GT, Gilg O, Ehrich D, Calladine J, Hammer S, Harris S, Lang J, Vignisson SR, Kolbeinsson Y, Nuotio K, Sillanpää M, Sittler B, Sokolov A, Klaassen RHG, Phillips RA, Tulp I. Synchronous timing of return to breeding sites in a long-distance migratory seabird with ocean-scale variation in migration schedules. Mov Ecol 2024; 12:22. [PMID: 38520007 PMCID: PMC10960466 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-024-00459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migratory birds generally have tightly scheduled annual cycles, in which delays can have carry-over effects on the timing of later events, ultimately impacting reproductive output. Whether temporal carry-over effects are more pronounced among migrations over larger distances, with tighter schedules, is a largely unexplored question. METHODS We tracked individual Arctic Skuas Stercorarius parasiticus, a long-distance migratory seabird, from eight breeding populations between Greenland and Siberia using light-level geolocators. We tested whether migration schedules among breeding populations differ as a function of their use of seven widely divergent wintering areas across the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean. RESULTS Breeding at higher latitudes led not only to later reproduction and migration, but also faster spring migration and shorter time between return to the breeding area and clutch initiation. Wintering area was consistent within individuals among years; and more distant areas were associated with more time spent on migration and less time in the wintering areas. Skuas adjusted the period spent in the wintering area, regardless of migration distance, which buffered the variation in timing of autumn migration. Choice of wintering area had only minor effects on timing of return at the breeding area and timing of breeding and these effects were not consistent between breeding populations. CONCLUSION The lack of a consistent effect of wintering area on timing of return between breeding areas indicates that individuals synchronize their arrival with others in their population despite extensive individual differences in migration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob S A van Bemmelen
- Wageningen Marine Research, Haringkade 1, 1976 CP, IJmuiden, The Netherlands.
- Waardenburg Ecology, Culemborg, The Netherlands.
| | - Børge Moe
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | - Katherine R S Snell
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Elizabeth M Humphreys
- British Trust for Ornithology (BTO), Scotland, Stirling University Innovation Park, Stirling, FK9 4NF, UK
| | - Elina Mäntylä
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Olivier Gilg
- UMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
- Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique, 16 Rue de Vernot, 21440, Francheville, France
| | | | - John Calladine
- British Trust for Ornithology (BTO), Scotland, Stirling University Innovation Park, Stirling, FK9 4NF, UK
| | - Sjúrður Hammer
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Faroe Islands, Vestarabryggja 15, 100, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Sarah Harris
- British Trust for Ornithology (BTO), The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, UK
| | - Johannes Lang
- Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique, 16 Rue de Vernot, 21440, Francheville, France
- University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | - Kimmo Nuotio
- Pori Ornithological Society, Pori, Finland
- Environmental Agency, Pori, Finland
| | | | - Benoît Sittler
- Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique, 16 Rue de Vernot, 21440, Francheville, France
- University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Sokolov
- Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Labytnangi, Russia
| | - Raymond H G Klaassen
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Groningen University, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard A Phillips
- British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Ingrid Tulp
- Wageningen Marine Research, Haringkade 1, 1976 CP, IJmuiden, The Netherlands.
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Hammer S, Schlitt JH, Uller W, Doppler CM. Kombinierte CT-Arterioportographie-Arteriosplenographie bei pädiatrischen Patienten mit portaler Hypertension: Vergleich mit der Standardschnittbildgebung und Ösophagogastroskopie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Hammer
- Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Institut für Röntgendiagnostik, Regensburg
| | - J H Schlitt
- Viszeralchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg
| | - W Uller
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - C M Doppler
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg
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Hu X, Lucas E, Hammer S, Gopal P, Bhalla A, Panarelli N, Westerhoff M, Cheng J, Nalbantoglu I. H. pylori Pattern Gastritis with Negative Helicobacter Immunohistochemical Stain: Does A Specific Comment in Pathology Report Impact Clinical Management? Am J Clin Pathol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
The clinical significance of H. pylori (HP) pattern of gastritis with a negative Helicobacter IHC stain on gastric biopsy is unclear. Some pathologists report this pattern in cases that are highly suggestive of HP infection with a comment raising the possibility of HP infection; however, the subsequent clinical management of these patients has not been well described.
Methods/Case Report
We conducted a retrospective comparison study of patients with gastric biopsy between 2016 and 2019. Group 1 included patients with chronic active or chronic inactive gastritis and negative HP IHC with a comment stating the gastritis pattern is suggestive of HP. Group 2 included patients with chronic active or chronic inactive gastritis and negative HP IHC with no comment about HP pattern.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
We identified 60 patients in Group 1 which were compared to 63 patients in Group 2. Group 1 more frequently had history of HP (48.3% vs. 29.1%, p<0.05). After diagnosis, Group 1 more frequently received treatment (51.7% vs. 20.6%, p<0.001). Of those who received treatment, Group 1 more frequently received HP treatment (triple or quadruple therapy; 21.7% vs. 1.6%, p<0.001). History of HP did not affect whether a patient was treated (p>0.05). Following post-biopsy HP treatment, more patients in Group 1 received fecal antigen test (23.7% vs. 5.5%, p<0.01). Age, gender, NSAID and PPI use did not differ between groups.
Conclusion
Adding the diagnostic comment raising the possibility of HP for patients with HP pattern gastritis with negative HP IHC changes clinical management and it is independent of patients’ prior HP history.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Hu
- Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Plano, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - E Lucas
- Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Plano, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - S Hammer
- Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Plano, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - P Gopal
- Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Plano, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - A Bhalla
- Pathology, Albert Einstein/Montefiore Medical Center, The Bronx, New York, UNITED STATES
| | - N Panarelli
- Pathology, Albert Einstein/Montefiore Medical Center, The Bronx, New York, UNITED STATES
| | - M Westerhoff
- Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, UNITED STATES
| | - J Cheng
- Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, UNITED STATES
| | - I Nalbantoglu
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, UNITED STATES
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4
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Helm M, Goldann C, Hammer S, Platz Batista da Silva N, Wildgruber M, Deistung A, Gussew A, Wohlgemuth WA, Uller W, Brill R. Vascular malformations of the female and male genitalia: type and distribution patterns revealed by magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 47:43-49. [PMID: 34236712 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular malformations of the genitalia often go undetected in clinical examination. These vascular malformations can cause a variety of clinical symptoms such as swelling, pain and bleeding. AIM To characterize the distribution patterns of genital vascular malformations using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to correlate these patterns with clinical findings in order to guide diagnostic decisions. METHODS A retrospective analysis of MRIs of the pelvis and legs in 370 patients with vascular malformation was performed to determine the involvement of the internal and external genitalia. RESULTS In 71 patients (19%), genital involvement could be identified by MRI. Of these, 11.3% (8 of 71) presented with internal involvement, 36.6% (26 of 71) with external involvement and 52.1% (37 of 71) with both internal and external involvement. Over half (57.1%) of the 49 patients with visible external genital signs detected during a clinical examination had additional internal genital involvement. CONCLUSIONS Genital involvement is a common finding in patients with vascular malformation of the legs and/or pelvis. Based on our data, we recommend MRI of the legs and pelvic region in patients with externally visible signs of a vascular malformation of the external genitalia in order to exclude additional internal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Helm
- Department of Radiology and Polyclinic of Radiology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - C Goldann
- Department of Radiology and Polyclinic of Radiology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - S Hammer
- Department of Radiology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - M Wildgruber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
| | - A Deistung
- Department of Radiology and Polyclinic of Radiology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - A Gussew
- Department of Radiology and Polyclinic of Radiology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - W A Wohlgemuth
- Department of Radiology and Polyclinic of Radiology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - W Uller
- Department of Radiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Brill
- Department of Radiology and Polyclinic of Radiology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
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5
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Ramonet M, Ciais P, Apadula F, Bartyzel J, Bastos A, Bergamaschi P, Blanc PE, Brunner D, Caracciolo di Torchiarolo L, Calzolari F, Chen H, Chmura L, Colomb A, Conil S, Cristofanelli P, Cuevas E, Curcoll R, Delmotte M, di Sarra A, Emmenegger L, Forster G, Frumau A, Gerbig C, Gheusi F, Hammer S, Haszpra L, Hatakka J, Hazan L, Heliasz M, Henne S, Hensen A, Hermansen O, Keronen P, Kivi R, Komínková K, Kubistin D, Laurent O, Laurila T, Lavric JV, Lehner I, Lehtinen KEJ, Leskinen A, Leuenberger M, Levin I, Lindauer M, Lopez M, Myhre CL, Mammarella I, Manca G, Manning A, Marek MV, Marklund P, Martin D, Meinhardt F, Mihalopoulos N, Mölder M, Morgui JA, Necki J, O'Doherty S, O'Dowd C, Ottosson M, Philippon C, Piacentino S, Pichon JM, Plass-Duelmer C, Resovsky A, Rivier L, Rodó X, Sha MK, Scheeren HA, Sferlazzo D, Spain TG, Stanley KM, Steinbacher M, Trisolino P, Vermeulen A, Vítková G, Weyrauch D, Xueref-Remy I, Yala K, Yver Kwok C. The fingerprint of the summer 2018 drought in Europe on ground-based atmospheric CO 2 measurements. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190513. [PMID: 32892733 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the summer of 2018, a widespread drought developed over Northern and Central Europe. The increase in temperature and the reduction of soil moisture have influenced carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems in various ways, such as a reduction of photosynthesis, changes in ecosystem respiration, or allowing more frequent fires. In this study, we characterize the resulting perturbation of the atmospheric CO2 seasonal cycles. 2018 has a good coverage of European regions affected by drought, allowing the investigation of how ecosystem flux anomalies impacted spatial CO2 gradients between stations. This density of stations is unprecedented compared to previous drought events in 2003 and 2015, particularly thanks to the deployment of the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) network of atmospheric greenhouse gas monitoring stations in recent years. Seasonal CO2 cycles from 48 European stations were available for 2017 and 2018. Earlier data were retrieved for comparison from international databases or national networks. Here, we show that the usual summer minimum in CO2 due to the surface carbon uptake was reduced by 1.4 ppm in 2018 for the 10 stations located in the area most affected by the temperature anomaly, mostly in Northern Europe. Notwithstanding, the CO2 transition phases before and after July were slower in 2018 compared to 2017, suggesting an extension of the growing season, with either continued CO2 uptake by photosynthesis and/or a reduction in respiration driven by the depletion of substrate for respiration inherited from the previous months due to the drought. For stations with sufficiently long time series, the CO2 anomaly observed in 2018 was compared to previous European droughts in 2003 and 2015. Considering the areas most affected by the temperature anomalies, we found a higher CO2 anomaly in 2003 (+3 ppm averaged over 4 sites), and a smaller anomaly in 2015 (+1 ppm averaged over 11 sites) compared to 2018. This article is part of the theme issue 'Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale'.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ramonet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P Ciais
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - F Apadula
- Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico, Milan, Italy
| | - J Bartyzel
- AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland
| | - A Bastos
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - P Bergamaschi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - P E Blanc
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Marseille, France
| | - D Brunner
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - F Calzolari
- National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, Italy
| | - H Chen
- Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 6, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Chmura
- AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland
| | - A Colomb
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, UMR 6016, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Conil
- DRD/OPE, Andra, Bure, France
| | - P Cristofanelli
- National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Cuevas
- Izana Atmospheric Research Center, Meteorological State Agency of Spain, Tenerife, Spain
| | - R Curcoll
- Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Delmotte
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A di Sarra
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile, Rome, Italy
| | - L Emmenegger
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - G Forster
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - A Frumau
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Petten, The Netherlands
| | - C Gerbig
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - F Gheusi
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, UPS Université Toulouse 3, CNRS (UMR5560), Toulouse, France
| | - S Hammer
- University of Heidelberg, Institut fuer Umweltphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Haszpra
- Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Sopron, Hungary
| | - J Hatakka
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Hazan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Heliasz
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Henne
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - A Hensen
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Petten, The Netherlands
| | - O Hermansen
- NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - P Keronen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Kivi
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Komínková
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - D Kubistin
- Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hohenpeißenberg Meteorological Observatory, Hohenpeißenberg, Germany
| | - O Laurent
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - T Laurila
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J V Lavric
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - I Lehner
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - K E J Lehtinen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland.,University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A Leskinen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland.,University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Leuenberger
- University of Bern, Physics Institute, Climate and Environmental Physics Division and Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - I Levin
- University of Heidelberg, Institut fuer Umweltphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Lindauer
- Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hohenpeißenberg Meteorological Observatory, Hohenpeißenberg, Germany
| | - M Lopez
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Lund Myhre
- NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Mammarella
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Manca
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - A Manning
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - M V Marek
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Marklund
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Unit for Field-based Forest Research, 92291 Vindeln, Sweden
| | - D Martin
- Environmental Protection Agency, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - N Mihalopoulos
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, University of Crete, Greece
| | - M Mölder
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science (INES), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J A Morgui
- Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Necki
- AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland
| | - S O'Doherty
- Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C O'Dowd
- National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - M Ottosson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Unit for Field-based Forest Research, 92291 Vindeln, Sweden
| | - C Philippon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Piacentino
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile, Rome, Italy
| | - J M Pichon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, UMR 6016, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Plass-Duelmer
- Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hohenpeißenberg Meteorological Observatory, Hohenpeißenberg, Germany
| | - A Resovsky
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - L Rivier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - X Rodó
- Climate and Health Programme (CLIMA), Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGLOBAL), Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M K Sha
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - H A Scheeren
- Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 6, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D Sferlazzo
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile, Rome, Italy
| | - T G Spain
- National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - K M Stanley
- Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Steinbacher
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - P Trisolino
- National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - G Vítková
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - D Weyrauch
- Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hohenpeißenberg Meteorological Observatory, Hohenpeißenberg, Germany
| | - I Xueref-Remy
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Marseille, France
| | - K Yala
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Yver Kwok
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Provencher JF, Liboiron M, Borrelle SB, Bond AL, Rochman C, Lavers JL, Avery-Gomm S, Yamashita R, Ryan PG, Lusher AL, Hammer S, Bradshaw H, Khan J, Mallory ML. A Horizon Scan of research priorities to inform policies aimed at reducing the harm of plastic pollution to biota. Sci Total Environ 2020; 733:139381. [PMID: 32446089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution in the oceans is a priority environmental issue. The recent increase in research on the topic, coupled with growing public awareness, has catalyzed policymakers around the world to identify and implement solutions that minimize the harm caused by plastic pollution. To aid and coordinate these efforts, we surveyed experts with scientific experience identified through their peer-reviewed publications. We asked experts about the most pressing research questions relating to how biota interact with plastic pollution that in turn can inform policy decisions and research agendas to best contribute to understanding and reducing the harm of plastic pollution to biota. We used a modified Horizon Scan method that first used a subgroup of experts to generate 46 research questions on aquatic biota and plastics, and then conducted an online survey of researchers globally to prioritize questions in terms of their importance to inform policy development. One hundred and fifteen experts from 29 countries ranked research questions in six themes. The questions were ranked by urgency, indicating which research should be addressed immediately, which can be addressed later, and which are of limited relevance to inform action on plastics as an environmental pollutant. We found that questions relating to the following four themes were the most commonly top-ranked research priorities: (i) sources, circulation and distribution of plastics, (ii) type of harm from plastics, (iii) detection of ingested plastics and the associated problems, and (iv) related economies and policy to ingested plastics. While there are many research questions on the topic of impacts of plastic pollution on biota that could be funded and investigated, our results focus collective priorities in terms of research that experts believe will inform effective policy and on-the-ground conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Provencher
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 351 Boulevard Saint-Joseph, Gatineau, Quebec J8Y 3Z5, Canada.
| | - M Liboiron
- Department of Geography, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B 3X9, Canada.
| | - S B Borrelle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada; David H. Smith Conservation Research Program, Society for Conservation Biology, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A L Bond
- Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Akeman Street, Tring, Hertfordshire HP23 6AP, United Kingdom; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Tasmania 7004, Australia.
| | - C Rochman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada.
| | - J L Lavers
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Tasmania 7004, Australia.
| | - S Avery-Gomm
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - R Yamashita
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan.
| | - P G Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - A L Lusher
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - S Hammer
- Environment Agency, Traðagøta 38, FO-165 Argir, Faroe Islands.
| | - H Bradshaw
- Program in Environmental Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B 3X9, Canada.
| | - J Khan
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 351 Boulevard Saint-Joseph, Gatineau, Quebec J8Y 3Z5, Canada
| | - M L Mallory
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Ave, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada.
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7
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van Steekelenburg JM, van Weijnen A, de Pont LMH, Vijlbrief OD, Bommeljé CC, Koopman JP, Verbist BM, Blom HM, Hammer S. Value of Endolymphatic Hydrops and Perilymph Signal Intensity in Suspected Ménière Disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:529-534. [PMID: 32029469 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ménière disease is characterized by endolymphatic hydrops, whereas perilymphatic enhancement on MR imaging has been suggested to be of additional value in diagnosing Ménière disease. This study evaluates the presence of endolymphatic hydrops and perilymphatic enhancement in patients with Ménière disease and with other vertigo-associated inner ear pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 3D-FLAIR sequence 4 hours after intravenous gadolinium injection was performed to visualize the endolymph and perilymph in 220 patients suspected of having Ménière disease. Patients' ears were retrospectively categorized as having Ménière disease (probable or definite) or other vertigo-associated inner ear pathology not attributable to Ménière disease. Endolymphatic hydrops was evaluated using a visual classification system, and perilymphatic enhancement was scored both visually and quantitatively. RESULTS Endolymphatic hydrops was present in 137 (91.9%) of the definite Ménière disease ears and in 9 (7.0%) of the ears with other vertigo-associated inner ear pathology (P < .001). The combination of endolymphatic hydrops and visually increased perilymphatic enhancement was present in 122 (81.9%) definite Ménière disease ears compared with 4 (3.1%) ears with other vertigo-associated inner ear pathology (P < .001). This combination increases the positive predictive value from 0.94 for endolymphatic hydrops and 0.91 for perilymphatic enhancement to 0.97. The addition of measured perilymphatic enhancement leads to a moderate decrease in sensitivity from 0.92 for endolymphatic hydrops to 0.86. CONCLUSIONS The combination of perilymphatic enhancement and endolymphatic hydrops in patients suspected of having Ménière disease increases the positive predictive value in the diagnosis of definite Ménière disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A van Weijnen
- Otorhinolaryngology (A.v.W., C.C.B., J.P.K., H.M.B.), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - L M H de Pont
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.M.v.S., L.M.H.d.P., S.H.)
| | - O D Vijlbrief
- Department of Radiology (O.D.V.), Ziekenhuis Groep Twente, Almelo, the Netherlands
| | - C C Bommeljé
- Otorhinolaryngology (A.v.W., C.C.B., J.P.K., H.M.B.), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - J P Koopman
- Otorhinolaryngology (A.v.W., C.C.B., J.P.K., H.M.B.), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - B M Verbist
- Department of Radiology (B.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - H M Blom
- Otorhinolaryngology (A.v.W., C.C.B., J.P.K., H.M.B.), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - S Hammer
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.M.v.S., L.M.H.d.P., S.H.)
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8
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Provencher JF, Borrelle SB, Bond AL, Lavers JL, van Franeker JA, Kühn S, Hammer S, Avery-Gomm S, Mallory ML. Recommended best practices for plastic and litter ingestion studies in marine birds: Collection, processing, and reporting. Facets (Ott) 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2018-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine plastic pollution is an environmental contaminant of significant concern. There is a lack of consistency in sample collection and processing that continues to impede meta-analyses and large-scale comparisons across time and space. This is true for most taxa, including seabirds, which are the most studied megafauna group with regards to plastic ingestion research. Consequently, it is difficult to evaluate the impacts and extent of plastic contamination in seabirds fully and accurately, and to make inferences about species for which we have little or no data. We provide a synthesized set of recommendations specific for seabirds and plastic ingestion studies that include best practices in relation to sample collection, processing, and reporting, as well as highlighting some “cross-cutting” methods. We include guidance for how carcasses, regurgitations, and pellets should be handled and treated to prevent cross-contamination, and a discussion of what size class of microplastics can be assessed in each sample type. Although we focus on marine bird samples, we also include standardized techniques to remove sediment and biological material that are generalizable to other taxa. Lastly, metrics and data presentation of ingested plastics are briefly reviewed in the context of seabird studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F. Provencher
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Gatineau, QC K1A 0H3, Canada
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Stephanie B. Borrelle
- David H. Smith Conservation Research Program, Society for Conservation Biology, Washington, DC 20005, USA
- Northern New Zealand Seabird Trust, Leigh 0947, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alexander L. Bond
- Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Akeman Street, Tring, Hertfordshire HP23 6AP, UK
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Tasmania 7004, Australia
| | - Jennifer L. Lavers
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Tasmania 7004, Australia
| | - Jan A. van Franeker
- Wageningen Marine Research, Ankerpark 27, 1781 AG Den Helder, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne Kühn
- Wageningen Marine Research, Ankerpark 27, 1781 AG Den Helder, the Netherlands
| | - Sjúrður Hammer
- Faroe Marine Research Institute, FO-110 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Stephanie Avery-Gomm
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mark L. Mallory
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
- Canada Fulbright Chair in Arctic Studies, University of Washington, Box 353650, Seattle, WA 98195-3560, USA
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9
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Chamseddin B, Hosler G, Hammer S, Wang R. 1026 Assessment of novel biomarkers in anal squamous cell carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Hagen K, Hammer S, Frei S, Ortmann S, Głogowski R, Kreuzer M, Clauss M. Digestive physiology, resting metabolism and methane production of captive Indian crested porcupine ( Hystrix indica). J Anim Feed Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/102741/2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Wang S, Zhu M, Hammer S, Shen J, Nassour I, Mansour J, Agarwal D, Zhu H, Porembka M. Patient derived xenografts from American minority gastric cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy151.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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12
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Choynowski J, Kim J, Capaldi V, Agnew J, Hammer S, Brager A. 0204 Advantage Of Single-effort Ultra-marathons To Examine Homeostatic Loads And Circadian Properties Of Human Endurance Under Total Sleep Deprivation. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Choynowski
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - J Kim
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - V Capaldi
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - J Agnew
- Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, FL
| | - S Hammer
- Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, FL
| | - A Brager
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
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13
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Tahas SA, Hetzel U, Altenbrunner-Martinek B, Martin Jurado O, Hammer S, Arif A, Hatt JM, Clauss M. Microanatomy of the digestive tract, hooves and some visceral organs of addax antelope (Addax nasomaculatus) following a concentrate or forage feeding regime. Anat Histol Embryol 2018. [PMID: 29520834 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis is a common disease in captive non-domesticated ruminants and is mainly diagnosed by rumen fluid pH and rumen histology. Furthermore, differences in ruminant gastrointestinal histology have been hypothesized to correlate with the browser-grazer continuum. Twelve surplus addax antelope (Addax nasomaculatus) were divided into two groups, fed either their usual diet, consisting of a concentrate feed with a limited amount of hay, or a diet of unlimited hay only, for 3 months. After culling, descriptive and morphometric histology and pH measurements were compared between groups. Significant variations in cellular subpopulations were noted between groups, with roughage-fed individuals presenting primarily with balloon cells of the Stratum corneum and living layer cell vacuolization, whereas parakeratosis and intermediate-type cells were more frequent in the concentrate-fed group. Lesions typical of subacute ruminal acidosis were significantly more pronounced in concentrate-fed individuals. Ruminal pH measurements did not differ significantly, but were more consistent in forage-fed individuals, indicating a more stable reticuloruminal environment. The results indicate that ruminal histology may be more appropriate in assessing ruminal health compared to a single post-mortem pH measurement. It is proposed that Stratum corneum balloon cells may indicate cell maturation and not, as previously assumed, hyperfunction. Concentrate-fed individuals scored higher on the presence of inflammatory cells on hoof corium histology. The study further emphasizes the adaptability of ruminant digestive tract microanatomy in adult animals even after a short period of time and the positive effects an increased roughage diet may have in populations of captive grazing ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Tahas
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - U Hetzel
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - O Martin Jurado
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Hammer
- Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation, Doha, Qatar
| | - A Arif
- Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation, Doha, Qatar
| | - J-M Hatt
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Kerkhof M, Ganeff I, Wiggenraad RGJ, Lycklama À Nijeholt GJ, Hammer S, Taphoorn MJB, Dirven L, Vos MJ. Clinical applicability of and changes in perfusion MR imaging in brain metastases after stereotactic radiotherapy. J Neurooncol 2018; 138:133-139. [PMID: 29392588 PMCID: PMC5928168 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
To assess the applicability of perfusion-weighted (PWI) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in clinical practice, as well as to evaluate the changes in PWI in brain metastases before and after stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), and to correlate these changes to tumor status on conventional MR imaging. Serial MR images at baseline and at least 3 and 6 months after SRT were retrospectively evaluated. Size of metastases and the relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), assessed with subjective visual inspection in the contrast enhanced area, were evaluated at each time point. Tumor behavior of metastases was categorized into four groups based on predefined changes on MRI during follow-up, or on histologically confirmed diagnosis; progressive disease (PD), pseudoprogression (PsPD), non-progressive disease (non-PD) and progression unspecified (PU). Twenty-six patients with 42 metastases were included. Fifteen percent (26/168) of all PW images could not be evaluated due to localization near large vessels or the scalp, presence of hemorrhage artefacts, and in 31% (52/168) due to unmeasurable residual metastases. The most common pattern (52%, 13/25 metastases) showed a high rCBV at baseline and low rCBV during follow-up, occurring in metastases with non-PD (23%, 3/13), PsPD (38%, 5/13) and PU (38%, 5/13). Including only metastases with a definite outcome generally showed low rCBV in PsPD or non-PD, and high rCBV in PD. Although non-PD and PsPD may be distinguished from PD after SRT using the PW images, the large proportion of images that could not be assessed due to artefacts and size severely hampers value of PWI in predicting tumor response after SRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kerkhof
- Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, PO Box 432, 2501 CK, The Hague, The Netherlands.
| | - I Ganeff
- Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, PO Box 432, 2501 CK, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - R G J Wiggenraad
- Department of Radiotherapy, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | | | - S Hammer
- Department of Radiology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - M J B Taphoorn
- Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, PO Box 432, 2501 CK, The Hague, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L Dirven
- Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, PO Box 432, 2501 CK, The Hague, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M J Vos
- Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, PO Box 432, 2501 CK, The Hague, The Netherlands
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15
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Oda A, Messenger K, Carbajal L, Gardner B, Hammer S, Cerreta A, Lewbart G, Posner L, Bailey K. Plasma propofol concentrations and pharmacodynamic effects in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) following exposure via immersion. Vet Anaesth Analg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Tahas SA, Martin Jurado O, Hammer S, Arif A, Reese S, Hatt JM, Clauss M. Gross Measurements of the Digestive Tract and Visceral Organs of Addax Antelope (Addax nasomaculatus
) Following a Concentrate or Forage Feeding Regime. Anat Histol Embryol 2017; 46:282-293. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Tahas
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - O. Martin Jurado
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - S. Hammer
- Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation; P.O. Box 44069 Doha Qatar
| | - A. Arif
- Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation; P.O. Box 44069 Doha Qatar
| | - S. Reese
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Veterinary Faculty; LMU Munich; Veterinärstr. 13 80539 Munich Germany
| | - J.-M. Hatt
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - M. Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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17
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Kerkhof M, Ganeff I, Wiggenraad RG, Lycklama à Nijeholt GJ, Hammer S, Taphoorn MJ, Dirven L, Vos MJ. P13.16 Changes in perfusion MR imaging in brain metastases after stereotactic radiotherapy. Neuro Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now188.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Avery-Gomm
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia
| | - Sjúrður Hammer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Grant Humphries
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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19
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Hammer S, McDonald M, Ginader T, Stockman S, Bender D, Bosquet J, Stephan J, Goodheart M. Factors that influence gynecologic cancer patient participation in clinical trials. Gynecol Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Hammer S, Nager RG, Johnson PCD, Furness RW, Provencher JF. Plastic debris in great skua (Stercorarius skua) pellets corresponds to seabird prey species. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 103:206-210. [PMID: 26763326 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plastic is a common item in marine environments. Studies assessing seabird ingestion of plastics have focused on species that ingest plastics mistaken for prey items. Few studies have examined a scavenger and predatory species that are likely to ingest plastics indirectly through their prey items, such as the great skua (Stercorarius skua). We examined 1034 regurgitated pellets from a great skua colony in the Faroe Islands for plastics and found approximately 6% contained plastics. Pellets containing remains of Northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) had the highest prevalence of plastic. Our findings support previous work showing that Northern fulmars have higher loads of plastics than other sympatric species. This study demonstrates that marine plastic debris is transferred from surface feeding seabird species to predatory great skuas. Examination of plastic ingestion in species that do not ingest plastics directly can provide insights into how plastic particles transfer vertically within the food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hammer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - R G Nager
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - P C D Johnson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - R W Furness
- MacArthur Green, 95 South Woodside Road, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J F Provencher
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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21
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Hoffstetter P, Hammer S, Dornia C, Stroszczynski C, Schreyer A. Wie die Zeit vergeht – lohnt sich eine Intensivierung der Wartezeitbetreuung in der Radiologie? ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1550832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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23
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Liao L(H, Trama A, Williams W, Moody M, Vandergrift N, Tomaras G, Marshall D, Gurley T, Whitesides J, Eudailey J, Foulger A, Parks R, Stolarchuk C, Lloyd K, Soderberg K, Mascola J, Koup R, Corey L, Nabel G, Gilber P, Morgan C, Maenza J, Keefer M, Hammer S, Churchyard G, Montefior D, Graham B, Baden L, Kepler T, Haynes B. Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Shaping the B Cell Repertoire in HIV Infection and Env Vaccination. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.5023a.abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Larry (Huaxin) Liao
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - A.M. Trama
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - W.B. Williams
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - M.A. Moody
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nathan Vandergrift
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - G.D. Tomaras
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - D.J. Marshall
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - T. Gurley
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - J. Whitesides
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - J. Eudailey
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - A. Foulger
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - R. Parks
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - C. Stolarchuk
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - K.E. Lloyd
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - K. Soderberg
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - J.R. Mascola
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - R. Koup
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - L. Corey
- University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - G.B. Nabel
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - P. Gilber
- University of Washington, SCHARP, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - C. Morgan
- University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - J. Maenza
- University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - M. Keefer
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Division of Infectious Disease, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - S. Hammer
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - D.C. Montefior
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - B.S Graham
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - L.R. Baden
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - T.B. Kepler
- Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - B.F. Haynes
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
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24
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Uller W, Wohlgemuth W, Hammer S, Knoppke B, Goessmann H, Loss M, Schlitt H, Stroszczynski C, Zorger N, Heiss P. Percutaneous Treatment of Biliary Complications in Pediatric Patients After Liver Transplantation. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2014; 186:1127-33. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1366656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - W. Wohlgemuth
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - S. Hammer
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - B. Knoppke
- KUNO University Children’s Hospital Regensburg, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - H. Goessmann
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - M. Loss
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - H. Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | | | - N. Zorger
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - P. Heiss
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of fluoroscopic imaging during closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of intra-articular thumb metacarpal fractures. Closed reduction and percutaneous fixation was assessed in eight simulated intra-articular thumb metacarpal fractures, using fluoroscopy and digital radiographs. Displacement and fracture step-off were measured during fluoroscopy, on plain radiographs, and by direct visualization after careful dissection. Displacement on fluoroscopy was 0.8 (SD 1.0) mm and 1.2 (SD 1.4) with radiographic imaging. Direct visualization showed displacement of 0.9 (SD 1.2) mm. Intra-articular step-off on fluoroscopy was 0.8 (SD 1.0) mm and 0.8 (SD 0.8) with radiographic imaging. Direct visualization showed an intra-articular step-off of 0.8 (SD 1.2) mm. Statistical analysis showed excellent compatibility between fluoroscopy and direct visualization. Fluoroscopic visualization during surgery provides an adequate assessment of articular step-off and displacement in comparison with radiographs and direct visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P A Greeven
- Department of Surgery and Traumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Uller W, Müller-Wille R, Loss M, Hammer S, Schleder S, Goessmann H, Wiggermann P, Stroszczynski C, Wohlgemuth W. Percutaneous Management of Postoperative Bile Leaks with an Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer (Onyx). ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2013; 185:1182-7. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1350153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Uller
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - R. Müller-Wille
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - M. Loss
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - S. Hammer
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - S. Schleder
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - H. Goessmann
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - P. Wiggermann
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | | | - W. Wohlgemuth
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
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Jordan MR, Bennett DE, Wainberg MA, Havlir D, Hammer S, Yang C, Morris L, Peeters M, Wensing AM, Parkin N, Nachega JB, Phillips A, De Luca A, Geng E, Calmy A, Raizes E, Sandstrom P, Archibald CP, Perriëns J, McClure CM, Hong SY, McMahon JH, Dedes N, Sutherland D, Bertagnolio S. Update on World Health Organization HIV drug resistance prevention and assessment strategy: 2004-2011. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54 Suppl 4:S245-9. [PMID: 22544182 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) prevention and assessment strategy, developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in partnership with HIVResNet, includes monitoring of HIVDR early warning indicators, surveys to assess acquired and transmitted HIVDR, and development of an accredited HIVDR genotyping laboratory network to support survey implementation in resource-limited settings. As of June 2011, 52 countries had implemented at least 1 element of the strategy, and 27 laboratories had been accredited. As access to antiretrovirals expands under the WHO/Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS Treatment 2.0 initiative, it is essential to strengthen HIVDR surveillance efforts in the face of increasing concern about HIVDR emergence and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Jordan
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Williams WB, Jones K, Krambrink A, Grove D, Liu P, Yates NL, Moody MA, Ferrari G, Pollara J, Moodie Z, Morgan CA, Liao H, Montefiori DC, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes J, Hammer S, Mascola J, Koup R, Corey L, Nabel G, Gilbert P, Churchyard G, Keefer M, Graham BS, Haynes BF, Tomaras GD. Multiple antibody specificities (gp41, V1V2, and V3) elicited in the phase II multiclade (A, B, C) HIV-1 DNA prime, rAd5 boost vaccine trial. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441791 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-o55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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29
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Hoffstetter P, Hammer S, Röhrl S, Dendl LM, Dornia C, Rennert J, Müller-Wille R, Wiggermann P, Stroszczynski C, Schreyer AG. [As time goes by--is it worth intensifying patient care during the waiting period for radiological examinations?]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012; 184:1043-8. [PMID: 22851298 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1313049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Service characteristics in hospital care in general have a high influence on patients' contentment. One of the key features of good service is waiting time. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of ambience and individual care while waiting for a radiological examination on patient satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted prospectively and included and total of 100 patients at a tertiary care center. All patients waiting for contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and were randomly divided into two groups. 50 patients waited under regular circumstances, i.e. the normal waiting ara of our radiological department, whilst the remaining 50 patients spent their waiting time in a separate small waiting area with intensified care and service. Both subjective and objective waiting time and the patients' contentment were raised with a standardized questionnaire. Quality criteria mentioned by the patients were then ranked according to their importance. RESULTS Of all included patients 76 % were ambulant with an average age of 60 years (range 22 - 83 years) and 69 % female. These characteristics were identical in both groups. With a mean waiting time of 90 minutes (Group intensified care 100 minutes, group regular care 81 minutes) most patients evaluated the overall service during waiting time as "good" to "ideal", only 2 % as of "low quality". No significant differences between the two study arms concerning the patient satisfaction could be detected. Patients with intensified care estimated their delay time significantly shorter by an average of 24 minutes (p < 0.02). For 40 % a detailed consent discussion was the main quality criterion, while a short waiting time only for 24 %. CONCLUSION An optimized, i.e. intensified care during the waiting time for a radiological examination results in a significant reduction of the subjective waiting time, but does not lead to a significantly higher patient contentment. The subjective judgement of examination quality seems to influence the acceptance of prolonged latency to a high degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hoffstetter
- Institut für Röntgendiagnostik, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Uller W, Huber T, Hammer S, Wohlgemuth W, Stroszczynski C, Schreyer AG. Stent-PTA der Vena Cava Inferior nach Lebertransplantation und -resektion. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1311145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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31
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Spitzer C, Hammer S, Löwe B, Grabe H, Barnow S, Rose M, Wingenfeld K, Freyberger H, Franke G. Die Kurzform des Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI -18): erste Befunde zu den psychometrischen Kennwerten der deutschen Version. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2011; 79:517-23. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1281602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Merk J, Hammer S, Rolff J, Becker M, Politz O, Sommer A, Klemm W, Hoffmann J, Fichtner I, Leschber G. Analyse von Stoffwechselwegen im primären Xenograftmodell unter Chemotherapie - Option zur Erforschung neuer antitumorigener Wirksubstanzen beim Lungenkarzinom? Pneumologie 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dubey JP, Pas A, Rajendran C, Kwok OCH, Ferreira LR, Martins J, Hebel C, Hammer S, Su C. Toxoplasmosis in Sand cats (Felis margarita) and other animals in the Breeding Centre for Endangered Arabian Wildlife in the United Arab Emirates and Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation, the State of Qatar. Vet Parasitol 2010; 172:195-203. [PMID: 20570441 PMCID: PMC7116901 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Sand cat (Felis margarita) is a small-sized felid found in sand and stone deserts ranging from the north of Africa to Asia, with the Arabian Peninsula as its centre of distribution. The Sand cat captive breeding program at the Breeding Centre for Endangered Arabian Wildlife (BCEAW), Sharjah, UAE, has experienced high newborn mortality rates, and congenital toxoplasmosis was recently recognized as one of the causes of this mortality. In the present study, one 18-month-old Sand cat (FM019) died of acute toxoplasmosis-associated hepatitis and pneumonitis acquired after birth; Toxoplasma gondii was demonstrated in histological sections which reacted with T. gondii polyclonal antibodies by immunohistochemistry (IHC). T. gondii DNA was found by PCR of extracted DNA from liver and lung tissues of this cat. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in serum examined in 1:1600 dilution in the modified agglutination test (MAT); its 2-year-old cage mate seroconverted (MAT titer 1:3200) at the same time. Another Sand cat (FM017) was euthanized because of ill health when 3 years old; its MAT titer was >1:3200, and T. gondii tissue cysts were found in brain, heart, ocular muscles and skeletal muscle, confirmed by IHC. Viable T. gondii was isolated by bioassays in mice inoculated with tissues of another chronically infected Sand cat (FM002); T. gondii was not found in histological sections of this cat. T. gondii antibodies were found in several species of animals tested, notably in 49 of 57 wild felids at BCEAW. A 7-year-old Sand cat (3657) from Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation (AWWP), Doha, State of Qatar died of acute visceral toxoplasmosis with demonstrable T. gondii tachyzoites by IHC, and T. gondii DNA by PCR, and a MAT titer of >3200. T. gondii antibodies were found in 21 of 27 of wild felids at AWWP. PCR-RFLP genotyping at 10 genetic loci revealed that these T. gondii isolates from Sand cat (FM002 and FM019) at BCEAW have an atypical genotype, which was previously reported in T. gondii isolates of dogs from Sri Lanka. The genotype from the cat from AWWP (3657) is a genetic Type II strain with a Type I allele at locus Apico. This is the first report of genetic characterization of T. gondii isolates from Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Dubey
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
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Luján L, Crespo T, Deb A, Arif A, Borjal R, Salazar E, Álvarez N, Pérez M, Dorrestein G, Hammer S. Aa Amyloidosis in Captive Beira Antelopes (Dorcatragus Megalotis) Linked to Mycoplasmal Pleuropneumonia. J Comp Pathol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Hammer S, Meisner F, Dirschedl P, Fraunberger P, Meiser B, Reichart B, Hammer C. Procalcitonin for differential diagnosis of graft rejection and infection in patients with heart and/or lung grafts. Intensive Care Med 2009. [PMID: 18470717 PMCID: PMC7095472 DOI: 10.1007/s001340051141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigation of the reliability of Procalcitonin (PCT) for differential diagnosis of acute rejections and non-viral infections in heart and lung transplanted patients. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Transplant intensive care unit (ICU) at a university hospital. PATIENTS 57 heart, 18 lung and 3 heart-lung transplant patients. MEASUREMENTS PCT was measured in plasma samples of heart and lung transplanted patients using a commercial immuno-luminescence assay and was compared with values of C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocytes (WBC). RESULTS PCT was elevated in patients suffering from bacterial and fungal infections. The magnitude of values was clearly associated with the severity of the infection. Rejections and viral infections did not interfere with the PCT release. CONCLUSION PCT is a reliable predictor with discriminating power for non-viral systemic infections in patients after heart and/or lung transplantation. PCT allows an early differential diagnosis between rejection (AR) and bacterial/fungal infection (IF) and thus a rapid and focused therapeutic intervention. It avoids unnecessary antibiotic treatment which could be toxic for the graft itself in patients with rejection only. PCT provides vital information early to clinicians and allows them to improve the management of bacterial/fungal infections in immunocompromized transplant patients. PCT thus facilitates and improves the outcome of survival rate and the quality of life in the postoperative period of patients with heart and/or lung grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hammer
- Inst.Surg.Res., Inst.Clin.Chem., Dept.Cardio-Thoracic Surg., IBE, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-81366 Munich, Germany
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36
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Hammer S, Meisner F, Dirschedl P, Fraunberger P, Meiser B, Reichart B, Hammer C. Procalcitonin for differential diagnosis of graft rejection and infection in patients with heart and/or lung grafts. Intensive Care Med 2009; 26 Suppl 2:S182-6. [PMID: 18470717 DOI: 10.1007/bf02900735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigation of the reliability of Procalcitonin (PCT) for differential diagnosis of acute rejections and non-viral infections in heart and lung transplanted patients. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Transplant intensive care unit (ICU) at a university hospital. PATIENTS 57 heart, 18 lung and 3 heart-lung transplant patients. MEASUREMENTS PCT was measured in plasma samples of heart and lung transplanted patients using a commercial immuno-luminescence assay and was compared with values of C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocytes (WBC). RESULTS PCT was elevated in patients suffering from bacterial and fungal infections. The magnitude of values was clearly associated with the severity of the infection. Rejections and viral infections did not interfere with the PCT release. CONCLUSION PCT is a reliable predictor with discriminating power for non-viral systemic infections in patients after heart and/or lung transplantation. PCT allows an early differential diagnosis between rejection (AR) and bacterial/fungal infection (IF) and thus a rapid and focused therapeutic intervention. It avoids unnecessary antibiotic treatment which could be toxic for the graft itself in patients with rejection only. PCT provides vital information early to clinicians and allows them to improve the management of bacterial/fungal infections in immunocompromized transplant patients. PCT thus facilitates and improves the outcome of survival rate and the quality of life in the postoperative period of patients with heart and/or lung grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hammer
- Inst.Surg.Res., Inst.Clin.Chem., Dept.Cardio-Thoracic Surg., IBE, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-81366 Munich, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Netherlands, bicycle helmet wearing rates are very low and perceived social barriers to helmet use are important. We aimed to determine why Dutch paediatricians do or do not wear helmets while bicycling and whether their personal behaviour is influencing their position about the promotion of helmet use. METHODS Attendants to the annual meeting of the Dutch Paediatric Society (7-9 November 2006) were surveyed about bicycle riding frequency, helmet use, reasons for not wearing a helmet, helmet use among their own children and personal position about the promotion and legislation of bicycle helmet use. RESULTS Of the 1110 paediatricians who are active in the Netherlands, 258 answered the survey. Ninety-six per cent of the respondents ride a bicycle (68% more than once a week). Bicycle was used as a mean of transport (32%), as a recreation/sport (11%) or with both purposes (57%). When cycling for transportation, 94% never wear a helmet and 2% always wear it. When cycling for recreation, 70% never wear a helmet and 18% always wear it. The most common reasons given for not wearing a helmet were: 'I never thought about that' (43%), 'Poor appearance' (31%), 'Nobody uses it in the Netherlands' (27%) and 'Uncomfortable' (25%). A majority (91%) of the respondents agreed that bicycle helmets are effective in reducing the rate of head injury to bicyclists and that they should be advised to children (82%) and adolescents (54%). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that among Dutch paediatricians, cycling rate is high and helmet wearing rate is very low and that they experience numerous personal barriers to bicycle helmet use. This might explain why bicycle helmet promotion campaigns are scarcely supported by Dutch paediatricians.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Villamor
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute Growth and Development, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Hammer S, Tchoudakov R, Mechrez G, Cohen Y, Narkis M. Modification of porous PVC particles with PS and P(St-co
-MMA) using a surfactant-free aqueous dispersion polymerization technique. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hammer S, Wagenbach D, Preunkert S, Pio C, Schlosser C, Meinhardt F. Lead-210 observations within CARBOSOL: A diagnostic tool for assessing the spatiotemporal variability of related chemical aerosol species? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Hammer S, Arnold N, Hilpert F, Bräutigam K, Sommer A, Winsel S, Klar U, Hoffmann J. 5009 ORAL Significant antitumour activity of the novel epothilone ZK-EPO against in vitro and in vivo models of ovarian cancer. EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)71181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Legrand M, Preunkert S, Oliveira T, Pio CA, Hammer S, Gelencsér A, Kasper-Giebl A, Laj P. Origin of C2–C5dicarboxylic acids in the European atmosphere inferred from year-round aerosol study conducted at a west-east transect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dekkers OM, Hammer S, de Keizer RJW, Roelfsema F, Schutte PJ, Smit JWA, Romijn JA, Pereira AM. The natural course of non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas. Eur J Endocrinol 2007; 156:217-24. [PMID: 17287411 DOI: 10.1530/eje.1.02334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The natural history of non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas (NFMA) has not been completely elucidated. Therefore, we evaluated pituitary function, visual fields, and tumor size during long-term follow-up of non-operated patients with NFMA. DESIGN Follow-up study. PATIENTS Twenty-eight patients (age 55 +/- 3 years) with NFMA, not operated after initial diagnosis, were included. RESULTS Initial presentation was pituitary insufficiency in 44%, visual field defects in 14%, apoplexy in 14%, and chronic headache in 7% of the patients. The duration of follow-up was 85 +/- 13 months. Radiological evidence of tumor growth was observed in 14 out of 28 patients (50%) after duration of follow-up of 118 +/- 24 months. Six patients (21%) were operated, because tumor growth was accompanied by visual field defects. Visual impairments improved in all the cases after transsphenoidal surgery. Spontaneous reduction in tumor volume was observed in eight patients (29%). No independent predictors for increase or decrease in tumor volume could be found by regression analysis. CONCLUSION Observation alone is a safe alternative for transsphenoidal surgery in selected NFMA patients, without the risk of irreversibly compromising visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Dekkers
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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Hammer S, Hammer C, Schulz J, Wernery U, Clauss M. Biochemische Serumparameter bei in Gefangenschaft gehaltenen Gazellen. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1621069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung:
Ziel der Untersuchung war, Serumparametervon klinisch unauffälligen Gazellen der Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation (AWWP), Qatar, mit Referenzbereichen von Haus- und anderen Wildwiederkäuern zu vergleichen, um einerseits Rückschlüsse auf den Ernährungszustand der Tiere zu ermöglichen und andererseits Referenzbereiche für die untersuchten Arten zu etablieren. Material und Methoden: Von 250 klinisch gesunden Tieren der Arten Sömmeringgazelle (Gazella soemmerringii), Spekegazelle (Gazella spekei), Dor-kasgazelle (Gazella dorcas), Saudigazelle (Gazella saudiya), Echtgazelle (Gazella gazella), Arabische Kropfgazelle (Gazella subgutturosa marica) und Chinkaragazelle (Gazella benetti) wurden biochemische Serumparameter und Mineralgehalte gemessen. Ergebnisse: Hinsichtlich des Ernährungszustandes war die Versorgung mit Spurenelementen (Selen, Kupfer, Zink, Eisen) in der AWWP gemäß den gemessenen Serumgehalten gewährleistet. Die Gehalte an Phosphor, Gesamtprotein und Albumin deuteten jedoch auf eine suboptimale Fütterung hin, die vermutlich mit der minderen Qualität des in der Region verfügbaren Raufutters zusammenhängt. Die Gehalte an Natrium, Kalium, Kalzium, Magnesium, Chlor, Triglyzeriden, Cholesterin, Kreatinin sowie die ALT- und γ-GT-Aktivität lagen-wie bei anderen Wildwiederkäuern auch - im Referenzbereich für Hauswiederkäuer, der daherfür die Beurteilung dieser Parameter bei Wiederkäuern generelle Gültigkeit besitzen dürfte. Die Gehalte an Glukose, Harnstoff-Stickstoff, Kreatinkinase sowie die AP-Aktivität hingegen scheinen bei Wildwiederkäuern generell erhöht zu sein. Während andere Wildwiederkäuer für AST mit Hauswiederkäuern vergleichbare Werte aufweisen, ist die Aktivität dieses Enzyms bei Gazellen in dieser und in anderen Studien durchweg erhöht. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Die in der Untersuchung festgestellten Besonderheiten müssen bei der Beurteilung von Blutanalysen beachtet werden.
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Sachweh J, Tiete A, Hammer S, Römer U, Reichart B, Däbritz S. Myocardial revascularization with the internal thoracic artery for myocardial ischemia during arterial switch operation. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-862149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hammer S, Sauer B, Spika I, Schraut C, Kleuser B, Schäfer-Korting M. Glucocorticoids mediate differential anti-apoptotic effects in human fibroblasts and keratinocytes via sphingosine-1-phosphate formation. J Cell Biochem 2004. [PMID: 14991774 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.10766.pmid:14991774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs which also induce growth inhibition in a variety of cell types. For this reason long-term treatment of inflammatory skin diseases may result in irreversible skin atrophy. To elucidate whether the antiproliferative action of glucocorticoids in fibroblasts is accompanied by induction of apoptosis we investigated the influence of dexamethasone (DEX) on both parameters. Interestingly, we revealed that growth inhibitory concentrations of this glucocorticoid did not induce fibroblast apoptosis. Moreover, DEX protected these cells from apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)/actinomycin, UV-irradiation, and cell permeable ceramides. These findings are in contrast to the lack of anti-apoptotic effects detected in keratinocytes. Although DEX inhibited TNFalpha mediated nuclear factor-kappa (NF-kappaB) activity in fibroblasts, this mechanism was not involved in its cytoprotection as it was verified by specific NF-kappaB inhibitors. Therefore, we looked for alternative intracellular mediators. Coincubation of fibroblasts with the sphingosine kinase inhibitor N,N-dimethylsphingosine, which blocks formation of the sphingolipid degradation product sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), abrogated the protective glucocorticoid effect almost completely. As preincubation with S1P reduced the number of apoptotic cells after stimulation with TNFalpha/actinomycin and moreover DEX increased the intracellular S1P content a role of this sphingolipid in the cytoprotection by DEX is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hammer
- Institut für Pharmazie, Abteilung für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Hammer S, Sauer B, Spika I, Schraut C, Kleuser B, Schäfer-Korting M. Glucocorticoids mediate differential anti-apoptotic effects in human fibroblasts and keratinocytes via sphingosine-1-phosphate formation. J Cell Biochem 2004; 91:840-51. [PMID: 14991774 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.10766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs which also induce growth inhibition in a variety of cell types. For this reason long-term treatment of inflammatory skin diseases may result in irreversible skin atrophy. To elucidate whether the antiproliferative action of glucocorticoids in fibroblasts is accompanied by induction of apoptosis we investigated the influence of dexamethasone (DEX) on both parameters. Interestingly, we revealed that growth inhibitory concentrations of this glucocorticoid did not induce fibroblast apoptosis. Moreover, DEX protected these cells from apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)/actinomycin, UV-irradiation, and cell permeable ceramides. These findings are in contrast to the lack of anti-apoptotic effects detected in keratinocytes. Although DEX inhibited TNFalpha mediated nuclear factor-kappa (NF-kappaB) activity in fibroblasts, this mechanism was not involved in its cytoprotection as it was verified by specific NF-kappaB inhibitors. Therefore, we looked for alternative intracellular mediators. Coincubation of fibroblasts with the sphingosine kinase inhibitor N,N-dimethylsphingosine, which blocks formation of the sphingolipid degradation product sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), abrogated the protective glucocorticoid effect almost completely. As preincubation with S1P reduced the number of apoptotic cells after stimulation with TNFalpha/actinomycin and moreover DEX increased the intracellular S1P content a role of this sphingolipid in the cytoprotection by DEX is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hammer
- Institut für Pharmazie, Abteilung für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Münster U, Hammer S, Blume-Peytavi U, Schäfer-Korting M. Testosterone Metabolism in Human Skin Cells in vitro and Its Interaction with Estradiol and Dutasteride. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2003; 16:356-66. [PMID: 14528059 DOI: 10.1159/000072930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2002] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Since the limited knowledge of cutaneous drug metabolism can impair the development of specifically acting topical dermatics and transdermal application systems, the cell-type-specific androgen metabolism in human skin and its inhibition by drugs were investigated. Cultured human foreskin and scalp skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts as well as occipital scalp dermal papilla cells (DPC) were incubated with testosterone 10(-6) and 10(-8)M alone and in the presence of 17alpha-estradiol, 17beta-estradiol or dutasteride for 24 h. Androgens extracted from culture supernatants were subjected to thin-layer chromatography and quantified by beta-counting. In keratinocytes and DPC, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was only formed to a low extent while androstenedione was the main metabolite. In fibroblasts, DHT formation was pronounced following 10(-8)M testosterone. Dutasteride 10(-8)M completely suppressed 5alpha-dihydro metabolite formation. 17alpha-Estradiol and 17beta-estradiol at nontoxic concentrations decreased 17-ketometabolites. Human skin regulates testosterone action by cell-type-specific activation or deactivation. Effects of 17alpha-estradiol in androgenetic alopecia are not due to 5alpha-reductase inhibition. Dutasteride may be useful in acne and androgenetic alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Münster
- Abteilung für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
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Abstract
BRIANHUNTLEYA, A NEW GENUS ENDEMIC TO THE WORCESTER-ROBERTSON KAROO, SOUTH AFRICA
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Schaschl H, Kaulfus D, Hammer S, Suchentrunk F. Spatial patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear gene pools in chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) from the Eastern Alps. Heredity (Edinb) 2003; 91:125-35. [PMID: 12886279 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We have assessed the variability of maternally (mtDNA) and biparentally (allozymes) inherited genes of 443 chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) from 19 regional samples in the Eastern Alps, to estimate the degree and patterns of spatial gene pool differentiation, and their possible causes. Based on a total mtDNA-RFLP approach with 16 hexanucleotide-recognizing restriction endonucleases, we found marked substructuring of the maternal gene pool into four phylogeographic groups. A hierarchical AMOVA revealed that 67.09% of the variance was partitioned among these four mtDNA-phylogroups, whereas only 8.04% were because of partitioning among regional samples within the populations, and 24.86% due to partitioning among individuals within regional samples. We interpreted this spatial pattern of mtDNA variability as a result of immigration of chamois from different Pleistocene refugia surrounding the Alps after the withdrawal of glaciers, rather than from topographic barriers to gene flow, such as Alpine valleys, extended glaciers or woodlands. However, this striking geographical structuring of the maternal genome was not paralleled by allelic variation at 33 allozyme loci, which were used as nuclear DNA markers. Wright's hierarchical F-statistics revealed that only < or =0.45% of the explained allozymic diversity was because of partitioning among the four mtDNA-phylogroups. We conclude that this discordance of spatial patterns of nuclear and mtDNA gene pools results from a phylogeographic background and sex-specific dispersal, with higher levels of philopatry in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schaschl
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Veterinary Medicine University of Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, A-1160 Vienna, Austria.
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Ioannidis JPA, Trikalinos TA, Law M, Carr A, Carr A, Barr D, Cooper DA, Emery S, Grinspoon S, Ioannidis J, Lewis R, Law M, Lichtenstein K, Murray J, Pizzuti D, Powderly WG, Rozenbaum W, Schambelan M, Puls R, Emery S, Moore A, Miller J, Carr A, Belloso WH, Ivalo SA, Clara LO, Barcan LA, Stern LD, Galich AM, Perman MI, Losso M, Duran A, Toibaro J, Baker D, Vale R, McFarlane R, MacLeod H, Kidd J, Genn B, Carr A, Fielden R, Mallal S, French M, Cain A, Skett J, Maxwell D, Mijch A, Hoy J, Pierce A, McCormick C, De Graaf B, Falutz J, Vatistas J, Dion L, Montaner J, Harris M, Phillips P, Montessori V, Valyi M, Stewart W, Walmsley S, Casciaro L, Lundgren J, Andersen O, Gronholdt A, Beguinot I, Mercié P, Chêne G, Reynes J, Cotte L, Rozenbaum W, Nait-Ighil L, Slama L, Nguyen TH, Rousselle C, Viard JP, Roudière L, Maignan A, Burgard M, Mauss S, Schmutz G, Scholten S, Oka S, Fraser H, Ishihara M, Itoh K, Reiss P, van der Valk M, Leunissen P, Nievaard M, van EckSmit B, Kujik CC, Paton N, Peperstraete B, Karim F, Khim CY, Ong S, Gatell J, Martinez E, Milinkovic A, Churchill D, Timaeus C, Maher T, Perry N, Bray A, Moyle G, Baldwin C, Higgs C, Reynolds B, Carpenter C, Bausserman L, Fiore T, DiSpigno M, Cohen C, Hellinger J, Foy K, Hubka S, Riccio B, El-Sadr W, Raghavan S, Chowdury N, de Vries B, Miller S, Hammer S, Crawford M, Chang S, Dobkin J, Quagliarello B, Gallagher D, Punyanitya M, Kessler H, Tenorio A, Kjos S, Falloon J, Lane HC, Rock D, Ehler L, Lichtenstein K, McClain T, Murphy R, Milne P, Powderly W, Aberg J, Klebert M, Conklin M, Ward D, Green L, Stearn B. HIV Lipodystrophy Case Definition using Artificial Neural Network Modelling. Antivir Ther 2003. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350300800511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective A case definition of HIV lipodystrophy has recently been developed from a combination of clinical, metabolic and imaging/body composition variables using logistic regression methods. We aimed to evaluate whether artificial neural networks could improve the diagnostic accuracy. Methods The database of the case-control Lipodystrophy Case Definition Study was split into 504 subjects (265 with and 239 without lipodystrophy) used for training and 284 independent subjects (152 with and 132 without lipodystrophy) used for validation. Back-propagation neural networks with one or two middle layers were trained and validated. Results were compared against logistic regression models using the same information. Results Neural networks using clinical variables only (41 items) achieved consistently superior performance than logistic regression in terms of specificity, overall accuracy and area under the ROC curve. Their average sensitivity and specificity were 72.4 and 71.2%, as compared with 73.0 and 62.9% for logistic regression, respectively (area under the ROC curve, 0.784 vs 0.748). The discriminating performance of the neural networks was largely unaffected when built excluding 13 parameters that patients may not have readily available. The average sensitivity and specificity of the neural networks remained the same when metabolic variables were also considered (total 60 items) without a clear advantage against logistic regression (overall accuracy 71.8%). The performance of networks considering also body composition variables was similar to that of logistic regression (overall accuracy 78.5% for both). Conclusions Neural networks may offer a means to improve the discriminating performance for HIV lipodystrophy, when only clinical data are available and a rapid approximate diagnostic decision is needed. In this context, information on metabolic parameters is apparently not helpful in improving the diagnosis of HIV lipodystrophy, unless imaging and body composition studies are also obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- John PA Ioannidis
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Division of Clinical Care Research, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - Thomas A Trikalinos
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Division of Clinical Care Research, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - Matthew Law
- National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Carr
- National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Sydney, Australia
- HIV, Immunology and Infectious Diseases Clinical Services Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Australia
| | - A Carr
- (Forum for Collaborative HIV Research, Baltimore, Md., USA; to September, 2001)
| | - D Barr
- (Forum for Collaborative HIV Research, Baltimore, Md., USA; to September, 2001)
| | - DA Cooper
- (National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)
| | - S Emery
- (Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA)
| | - S Grinspoon
- (Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA)
| | | | - R Lewis
- (Agouron Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, Calif., USA)
| | - M Law
- (HIV Outpatient Study/Centres for Diseases Control and Prevention, Denver, Col., USA)
| | - K Lichtenstein
- (HIV Outpatient Study/Centres for Diseases Control and Prevention, Denver, Col., USA)
| | - J Murray
- (US Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA)
| | - D Pizzuti
- (Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA, representing the European Medicines Evaluation Agency Oversight Committee)
| | - WG Powderly
- (Agence Nationale du Researche sur le SIDA, Hôpital Rothschild, Paris, France)
| | - W Rozenbaum
- (Agence Nationale du Researche sur le SIDA, Hôpital Rothschild, Paris, France)
| | - M Schambelan
- (University of California, San Francisco, Calif., USA; to September 2000)
| | - R Puls
- (National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)
| | - S Emery
- (National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)
| | - A Moore
- (National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)
| | - J Miller
- (National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)
| | - A Carr
- (National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)
| | - WH Belloso
- (Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires)
| | - SA Ivalo
- (Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires)
| | - LO Clara
- (Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires)
| | - LA Barcan
- (Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires)
| | - LD Stern
- (Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires)
| | - AM Galich
- (Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires)
| | - MI Perman
- (Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires)
| | - M Losso
- (Hospital J M Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires)
| | - A Duran
- (Hospital J M Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires)
| | - J Toibaro
- (Hospital J M Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A Carr
- (St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney)
| | | | | | | | - A Cain
- (Royal Perth Hospital, Perth)
| | - J Skett
- (Royal Perth Hospital, Perth)
| | | | - A Mijch
- (Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne)
| | - J Hoy
- (Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne)
| | - A Pierce
- (Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne)
| | - C McCormick
- (Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne)
| | - B De Graaf
- (Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne)
| | - J Falutz
- (Montreal General Hospital, Montreal)
| | | | - L Dion
- (Montreal General Hospital, Montreal)
| | | | | | | | | | - M Valyi
- (St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver)
| | | | | | | | - J Lundgren
- (Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen)
| | - O Andersen
- (Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen)
| | | | | | - P Mercié
- (Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Bordeaux)
| | - G Chêne
- (Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Bordeaux)
| | - J Reynes
- (Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier)
| | - L Cotte
- (Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - P Reiss
- (Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam and International AIDS Therapy Evaluation Center, Amsterdam)
| | - M van der Valk
- (Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam and International AIDS Therapy Evaluation Center, Amsterdam)
| | - P Leunissen
- (Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam and International AIDS Therapy Evaluation Center, Amsterdam)
| | - M Nievaard
- (Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam and International AIDS Therapy Evaluation Center, Amsterdam)
| | - B van EckSmit
- (Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam and International AIDS Therapy Evaluation Center, Amsterdam)
| | - C can Kujik
- (Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam and International AIDS Therapy Evaluation Center, Amsterdam)
| | - N Paton
- (Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore)
| | | | - F Karim
- (Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore)
| | - C Y Khim
- (Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore)
| | - S Ong
- (Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore)
| | - J Gatell
- (Hospital Clinic Provincial de Barcelona)
| | - E Martinez
- (Hospital Clinic Provincial de Barcelona)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Bray
- (Sussex Hospital, Brighton)
| | - G Moyle
- (Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London)
| | - C Baldwin
- (Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London)
| | - C Higgs
- (Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London)
| | - B Reynolds
- (Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London)
| | | | | | - T Fiore
- (Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI)
| | | | - C Cohen
- (Community Research Initiative of New England, Brookline, Mass.)
| | - J Hellinger
- (Community Research Initiative of New England, Brookline, Mass.)
| | - K Foy
- (Community Research Initiative of New England, Brookline, Mass.)
| | - S Hubka
- (Community Research Initiative of New England, Brookline, Mass.)
| | - B Riccio
- (Community Research Initiative of New England, Brookline, Mass.)
| | - W El-Sadr
- (Harlem Hospital Center, New York, NY)
| | | | | | | | - S Miller
- (Harlem Hospital Center, New York, NY)
| | - S Hammer
- (Columbia University, New York, NY)
| | | | - S Chang
- (Columbia University, New York, NY)
| | - J Dobkin
- (Columbia University, New York, NY)
| | | | | | | | - H Kessler
- (Rush Presbyterian St Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Ill.)
| | - A Tenorio
- (Rush Presbyterian St Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Ill.)
| | - S Kjos
- (Rush Presbyterian St Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Ill.)
| | - J Falloon
- (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md.)
| | - HC Lane
- (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md.)
| | - D Rock
- (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md.)
| | - L Ehler
- (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md.)
| | | | - T McClain
- (Denver Infectious Disease Consultants, Denver, Col.)
| | - R Murphy
- (Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Ill.)
| | - P Milne
- (Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Ill.)
| | - W Powderly
- (Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.)
| | - J Aberg
- (Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.)
| | - M Klebert
- (Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.)
| | - M Conklin
- (Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.)
| | - D Ward
- (Dupont Circle Physician's Group, Washington, DC)
| | - L Green
- (Dupont Circle Physician's Group, Washington, DC)
| | - B Stearn
- (Dupont Circle Physician's Group, Washington, DC)
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