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Ahmed N, Mauad VAQ, Gomez-Rojas O, Sushea A, Castro-Tejada G, Michel J, Liñares JM, Pedrosa Salles L, Candido Santos L, Shan M, Nassir R, Montañez-Valverde R, Fabiano R, Danyi S, Hassan Hosseyni S, Anand S, Ahmad U, Casteleins WA, Sanchez AT, Fouad A, Jacome A, Moura de Oliveira Paiva MS, Saavedra Ruiz AG, Grochowski RA, Toyama M, Nagi H, Sarvodelli MZ, Halalau A. The Impact of Rehabilitation-oriented Virtual Reality Device in Patients With Ischemic Stroke in the Early Subacute Recovery Phase: Study Protocol for a Phase III, Single-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2020; 12:1179573519899471. [PMID: 32009828 PMCID: PMC6974741 DOI: 10.1177/1179573519899471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE Stroke is considered the most common cause of adult disability. Intensive rehabilitation protocols outperform nonintensive counterparts. The subacute stroke phase represents a potential window to recovery. Virtual reality (VR) has been shown to provide a more stimulating environment, allowing for increased patient compliance. However, the quality of current literature comparing VR with standard therapies is limited. Our aim is to measure the impact of VR versus standard therapy on the recovery of the upper limb motor function in patients with stroke in the early subacute recovery phase. METHOD This is a randomized, controlled trial that will assign 262 patients to tailor-made standard rehabilitation (TMSR) or TMSR plus immersive VR device. The trial will be conducted in an urban rehabilitation clinic in the United States with expertise in the management of poststroke patients. Patients will be 18 to 70 years of age and in the early subacute period (30-90 days post ischemic stroke). The primary outcome will be the change of Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) score, measured at baseline and 13 weeks after randomization. The secondary outcome will be the change in the UK Functional Independence Measure and Functional Assessment Measure (UK FIM-FAM) score at the same time points. DISCUSSION If the use of VR in the rehabilitation of patients with stroke proves to have a significant impact on their motor recovery, it will constitute an extremely important step into decreasing the functional impairment associated with stroke and the related health care expense burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Ahmed
- Neurology Department, Hamad Medical
Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Olga Gomez-Rojas
- Occupational Health Department,
Alexander von Humboldt School, Lima, Peru
| | - Ammu Sushea
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical
Care, Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical
Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gelanys Castro-Tejada
- Regional University Hospital Jose Maria
Cabral y Baez (HRUJMCB), Biomedical and Clinical Research Center (CINBIOCLI),
Santiago, Dominican Republic
| | - Janet Michel
- Health Systems and Policy Department,
University of Basel, Swiss TPH, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juan Manuel Liñares
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery,
SAMIC Pediatric Hospital “Prof. Dr. Juan Pedro Garrahan,” Buenos Aires,
Argentina
| | - Loise Pedrosa Salles
- Dentistry Department, Faculty of Health
Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Ming Shan
- Translational Research &
Development, TESARO, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Rami Nassir
- Department of Pathology, School of
Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Sofia Danyi
- Lusíada University Centre’s Medical
School, Santos, Brazil
| | | | - Seerat Anand
- Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College,
Belgaum, India
| | - Usman Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology &
Therapeutics, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Ahmed Fouad
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Hamad
Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | | - Mayumi Toyama
- School of Public Health, Department of
Health Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hibatalla Nagi
- Neurology Department, Hamad Medical
Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Alexandra Halalau
- Internal Medicine Department, Beaumont
Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
- Oakland University William Beaumont
School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
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Dubuisson J, Danyi S, Bublot M, Pastoret PP, Thiry E. Comparison of proteins of simian herpesvirus aotus type 2 and bovine herpesvirus type 4. J Gen Virol 1991; 72 ( Pt 5):1145-50. [PMID: 1903435 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-72-5-1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomes of herpesvirus aotus type 2 (HVA-2) and bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BHV-4) have previously been shown to be closely similar. Moreover, preliminary serological data indicated that HVA-2 is antigenically related to BHV-4. To extend this study, structural components of four BHV-4 strains and HVA-2 were compared by SDS-PAGE, radioimmunoprecipitation and Western blotting. The overall pattern of structural proteins was the same for HVA-2 and BHV-4 but variations were observed in electrophoretic profiles of glycoproteins, mainly of the two major ones (gp6/gp10/gp17 and gp11/VP24). Variations between HVA-2 and BHV-4 glycoproteins were greater than those observed among BHV-4 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dubuisson
- Department of Virology-Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium
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Bublot M, Dubuisson J, Van Bressem MF, Danyi S, Pastoret PP, Thiry E. Antigenic and genomic identity between simian herpesvirus aotus type 2 and bovine herpesvirus type 4. J Gen Virol 1991; 72 ( Pt 3):715-9. [PMID: 1706410 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-72-3-715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpesvirus aotus type 2 (HVA-2) was isolated from a culture of kidney cells from a healthy owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus). Bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BHV-4) is frequently isolated from diseased and even healthy cattle and occasionally from sheep, wild ruminants and cats. The two viruses are related antigenically, as was revealed by an indirect fluorescent antibody test using polyclonal antisera from experimentally infected rabbits or monoclonal antibodies raised against six BHV-4 proteins, three of which were glycosylated. The genome structures of the two viruses consist of a unique central sequence flanked at both ends by G + C-rich tandem repeats. Restriction maps (produced using EcoRI, BamHI and HindIII) of these two viruses were nearly identical but the unique sequence of the HVA-2 genome possessed two additional BamHI sites. Four genomic regions of variable size were detected, two located in the unique part, one in the repetitive part and one in the left junction between the unique and the repeated part of the genome; these slight variations were similar to those observed between various BHV-4 isolates. These results suggest that HVA-2 and BHV-4 belong to the same virus species; HVA-2 could be either a BHV-4 contaminant of owl monkey kidney cell cultures or an isolate from an owl monkey accidentally infected with BHV-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bublot
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Brussels, Belgium
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