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Salhi S, Doreille A, Dancer MS, Boueilh A, Filipozzi P, El Karoui K, Ponce F, Lebre AS, Raymond L, Mesnard L. Monoallelic Loss-of-Function IFT140 Pathogenic Variants Cause Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Confirmatory Study With Suspicion of an Additional Cardiac Phenotype. Am J Kidney Dis 2024; 83:688-691. [PMID: 37844724 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disease. While biallelic variants affecting IFT140 are responsible for Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (characterized by severe ciliopathy causing skeletal abnormalities, kidney disease, and cysts), monoallelic loss-of-function (LoF) variants have been recently reported as an important cause of ADPKD beyond PKD1/2 genes. Herein, we report 6 non-family-related cases of monoallelic IFT140 LoF variants, identified from 1,340 exomes sequenced for nephrological indications in our local database. Every patient presented with polycystic kidney disease. Furthermore, the mother of a boy diagnosed with Mainzer-Saldino syndrome with a biallelic variant affecting IFT140 presented with several bilateral cysts, revealed after kidney imaging, and was found to carry a pathologic frameshift IFT140 variation. As well as this particular Mainzer-Saldino case, our 6 additional patients confirm that heterozygous IFT140 frameshift variants are responsible for the cystic phenotype and kidney failure. Interestingly, of the 6 patients, 2 also exhibited dilated cardiomyopathy, which was of unknown origin, as no genetic cause was found after exome sequencing analysis, suggesting a potential connection between IFT140 and heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Salhi
- Service des Soins intensifs Néphrologiques et Rein Aigu, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France; Toulouse, France Department of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, Centre for Rare Kidney Diseases, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alice Doreille
- Service des Soins intensifs Néphrologiques et Rein Aigu, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Faculté de médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Anna Boueilh
- Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris Est Créteil, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Filipozzi
- Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Robert Schuman, Association Saint-André, Metz, France
| | - Khalil El Karoui
- Service de Néphrologie et Dialyses, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Ponce
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Pôle de biologie médicale et pathologie, Service de génétique, Reims, France et Université Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), Reims, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Lebre
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Pôle de biologie médicale et pathologie, Service de génétique, Reims, France et Université Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), Reims, France; Department of Medical Genetics, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Laure Raymond
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Eurofins Biomnis, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Mesnard
- Service des Soins intensifs Néphrologiques et Rein Aigu, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Faculté de médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche S1155, Paris, France; Institut des Sciences du Calcul et des Données, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; French National Center for Hereditary Kidney Diseases in Children and Adults (MARHEA).
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Salhi S, Ribes D, Fortenfant F, Faguer S. Plasma cell-directed therapy for rituximab-refractory PLA2R+ membranous nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:2851-2853. [PMID: 37401153 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Salhi
- Department of Organ Transplantation, National Reference Centre for Rare Kidney Diseases - SORARE, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - David Ribes
- Department of Organ Transplantation, National Reference Centre for Rare Kidney Diseases - SORARE, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Stanislas Faguer
- Department of Organ Transplantation, National Reference Centre for Rare Kidney Diseases - SORARE, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- University Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3, Faculty of Medicine, Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR 1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team 'Kidney Diseases: biomarkers, prevention and treatment', Toulouse, France
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Oueslati I, Salhi S, Yazidi M, Baltagi M, Chihaoui M. Efficacité de la bromocriptine dans la prise en charge de l’hyperthyroïdie secondaire à un syndrome de résistance aux hormones thyroïdiennes. Annales d'Endocrinologie 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2022.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Salhi S, Doreille A, Dancer M, Boueilh A, Filipozzi P, El Karoui K, Ponce F, Raymond L, Lebre A, Mesnard L. Variant monoallélique IFT140 et polykystose rénale. Nephrol Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2022.07.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Salhi S, Chaibi R, Badache H, Hamidouche M, Laouar R. Seasonal variation in the diet and the morphometric parameters of the genus Pseudo-phoxinus sp. (Cyprinidae) in Eastern Algeria. Biosys divers 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/10.15421/012141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The diet and the morphometric parameters of the Pseudophoxinus sp. (Cyprinidae) in the El Mellah ravine (M’sila, Algeria) were studied by determining body measurements and analyzing the contents of digestive tracts of 320 fish from December 2018 to November 2019. The obtained results show marked diversity within the fish species diets, which can be grouped into three main fractions: (i) a plant fraction; (ii) an animal fraction composed mainly of invertebrate prey; and (iii) fraction consisting of fish eggs (digested by males during the breeding season). The plant fraction was present in all the analyzed digestive tracts, mainly being composed of phytoplankton (algae), namely, Spirogyra sp., Melosira sp. and Navicula sp. with the total relative abundances of 38.7%, 34.4% and 4.1%, respectively. On the other hand, the animal fraction was represented by the Chironomus sp., Austrosimulium sp., and Ecdyonurus sp. dipterans with a total relative abundance of 7.3%, 6.7% and 5.9%, respectively. Pseudophoxinus sp. eggs can also be considered as part of this fraction with the total relative abundance of 2.9%. The age of the fish seems to have an influence on their feeding behaviour. The juveniles of Pseudophoxinus sp. in the study area had a purely phytophagous diet, while adults showed a phytophagous behaviour with an omnivorous tendency. The present study shows that not only the age of the fish but also the seasonal changes (climatic conditions and entry into the breeding season) may have a significant influence on the diet and morphometric parameters of Pseudophoxinus sp. in El Mellah ravine.
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Salhi S, Chaibi R, Badache H, Hamidouche M, Laouar R. Seasonal variation in the diet and the morphometric parameters of the genus Pseudo-phoxinus sp. (Cyprinidae) in Eastern Algeria. Biosys divers 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/012141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The diet and the morphometric parameters of the Pseudophoxinus sp. (Cyprinidae) in the El Mellah ravine (M’sila, Algeria) were studied by determining body measurements and analyzing the contents of digestive tracts of 320 fish from December 2018 to November 2019. The obtained results show marked diversity within the fish species diets, which can be grouped into three main fractions: (i) a plant fraction; (ii) an animal fraction composed mainly of invertebrate prey; and (iii) fraction consisting of fish eggs (digested by males during the breeding season). The plant fraction was present in all the analyzed digestive tracts, mainly being composed of phytoplankton (algae), namely, Spirogyra sp., Melosira sp. and Navicula sp. with the total relative abundances of 38.7%, 34.4% and 4.1%, respectively. On the other hand, the animal fraction was represented by the Chironomus sp., Austrosimulium sp., and Ecdyonurus sp. dipterans with a total relative abundance of 7.3%, 6.7% and 5.9%, respectively. Pseudophoxinus sp. eggs can also be considered as part of this fraction with the total relative abundance of 2.9%. The age of the fish seems to have an influence on their feeding behaviour. The juveniles of Pseudophoxinus sp. in the study area had a purely phytophagous diet, while adults showed a phytophagous behaviour with an omnivorous tendency. The present study shows that not only the age of the fish but also the seasonal changes (climatic conditions and entry into the breeding season) may have a significant influence on the diet and morphometric parameters of Pseudophoxinus sp. in El Mellah ravine.
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Salhi S, Ribes D, Colombat M, Fortenfant F, Faguer S. Bortezomib plus dexamethasone for rituximab-resistant PLA2R + membranous nephropathy. Kidney Int 2021; 100:708-709. [PMID: 34420663 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Salhi
- Département de Néphrologie et Transplantation d'Organes, Centre de Reference des Maladies Rénales Rares, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - David Ribes
- Département de Néphrologie et Transplantation d'Organes, Centre de Reference des Maladies Rénales Rares, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Magali Colombat
- Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France; Service d'Anatomopathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopôle, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Fortenfant
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Stanislas Faguer
- Département de Néphrologie et Transplantation d'Organes, Centre de Reference des Maladies Rénales Rares, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1297-Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France.
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Salhi S, Ribes D, Faguer S. Complement C5 inhibition reverses bleomycin-induced thrombotic microangiopathy. Clin Kidney J 2020; 14:1275-1276. [PMID: 33841872 PMCID: PMC8023184 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether C5 blocking may improve the outcomes of patients developing chemotherapy-induced thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) remains elusive. Lung fibrosis is a well-known complication of bleomycin, whereas TMAs are very rare (<20 cases described). Here, we report an exceptional case of a male patient that developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and TMA following administration of bleomycin, cisplatin and etoposide . Refractoriness to plasma exchanges prompted us to use eculizumab as salvage therapy. Eculizumab led to complete remission of the TMA before Day 2. However, the patient progressed towards refractory respiratory failure, suggesting that pathophysiological mechanisms of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis and TMA differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Salhi
- Department of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, Centre for Rare Renal Diseases, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - David Ribes
- Department of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, Centre for Rare Renal Diseases, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Stanislas Faguer
- Department of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, Centre for Rare Renal Diseases, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1048-Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, French Intensive care Renal Network, Toulouse, France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
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Géniès C, Jamin EL, Debrauwer L, Zalko D, Person EN, Eilstein J, Grégoire S, Schepky A, Lange D, Ellison C, Roe A, Salhi S, Cubberley R, Hewitt NJ, Rothe H, Klaric M, Duplan H, Jacques-Jamin C. Comparison of the metabolism of 10 chemicals in human and pig skin explants. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:385-397. [PMID: 30345528 PMCID: PMC6587507 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Skin metabolism is important to consider when assessing local toxicity and/or penetration of chemicals and their metabolites. If human skin supply is limited, pig skin can be used as an alternative. To identify any species differences, we have investigated the metabolism of 10 chemicals in a pig and human skin explant model. Phase I metabolic pathways in skin from both species included those known to occur via cytochrome P450s, esterases, alcohol dehydrogenases and aldehyde dehydrogenases. Common Phase II pathways were glucuronidation and sulfation but other conjugation pathways were also identified. Chemicals not metabolized by pig skin (caffeine, IQ and 4‐chloroaniline) were also not metabolized by human skin. Six chemicals metabolized by pig skin were metabolized to a similar extent (percentage parent remaining) by human skin. Human skin metabolites were also detected in pig skin incubations, except for one unidentified minor vanillin metabolite. Three cinnamyl alcohol metabolites were unique to pig skin but represented minor metabolites. There were notable species differences in the relative amounts of common metabolites. The difference in the abundance of the sulfate conjugates of resorcinol and 4‐amino‐3‐nitrophenol was in accordance with the known lack of aryl sulfotransferase activity in pigs. In conclusion, while qualitative comparisons of metabolic profiles were consistent between pig and human skin, there were some quantitative differences in the percentage of metabolites formed. This preliminary assessment suggests that pig skin is metabolically competent and could be a useful tool for evaluating potential first‐pass metabolism before testing in human‐derived tissues. We have investigated the metabolism of 10 chemicals in viable pig and human skin. Phase I and II metabolic pathways were present in skin from both species. Chemicals not metabolized by pig skin were also not metabolized by human skin. Six chemicals metabolized by pig skin were also metabolized to a similar extent by human skin. Pig and human skin produced common metabolites, although some species differences were observed and as their relative amounts differed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Géniès
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, France
| | - E L Jamin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - L Debrauwer
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - D Zalko
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - E N Person
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - D Lange
- Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Ellison
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A Roe
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - M Klaric
- Cosmetics Europe, Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Duplan
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, France
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Currie RH, Salhi S. A Tabu Search Heuristic for a Full-Load, Multi-Terminal, Vehicle Scheduling Problem with Backhauling and Time Windows. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1023/b:jmma.0000038616.99798.f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Amponsah SK, Salhi S. The investigation of a class of capacitated arc routing problems: the collection of garbage in developing countries. Waste Manag 2004; 24:711-721. [PMID: 15288303 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2004.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The collection, transport and disposal of solid waste, which is a highly visible and important municipal service, involves a large expenditure but receives, scant attention. This problem is even more crucial for large cities in developing countries due to the hot weather. A constructive heuristic which takes into account the environmental aspect as well as the cost is proposed to solve the routing aspect of garbage collection. This is based on a look-ahead strategy which is enhanced by two additional mechanisms. Interesting results were obtained when tested on instances with and without the presence of the effect of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Amponsah
- Management Mathematics Group, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birimingham B15 2TT, UK
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Boudinot P, Salhi S, Blanco M, Benmansour A. Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus induces vig-2, a new interferon-responsive gene in rainbow trout. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2001; 11:383-397. [PMID: 11478515 DOI: 10.1006/fsim.2000.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An mRNA differential display methodology was used to study the rainbow trout response to viral infection. A new transcript (vig-2) induced by viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) in rainbow trout leucocytes was identified from the head-kidney. vig-2 was also induced in vivo during experimental infection and following DNA immunisation with a plasmid containing a gene encoding the viral glycoprotein. Viral induction of vig-2 was blocked by cycloheximide (CHX), indicating its dependency on a newly synthesised intermediate protein. This intermediate protein is most probably related to interferon because treatment of cells with a conditioned medium displaying an interferon-like activity resulted in a strong vig-2 expression, which was not blocked by CHX treatment. The cDNA sequence of the vig-2 transcript displays several mRNA destabilisation motifs and two signals characteristic of immediate-early gene expression. Curiously, vig-2 has no evident encoding potential except for a small 51 amino acid putative polypeptide with no clear similarity to any sequence available in the databanks. Therefore, the complete vig-2 genomic sequence was determined from a lambda phage clone retrieved from a genomic DNA library of rainbow trout. The genomic organisation of vig-2 shows five exons delimited with typical splice acceptor and donor sites. A promoter with a canonical ISRE, confirming that vig-2 is an interferon-responsive gene, is also present 115 nt upstream of the first exon.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Boudinot
- INRA, Unité de Virologie et Immunologic Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Abstract
In hepatitis B virus (HBV) the precore gene encodes a protein from which derives P22, the precursor of the mature secreted hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg). Circumstantial evidences suggest that HBeAg and/or its precursor P22 are important for establishing persistent infection. Although P22 is essentially present in the secretory pathway, a substantial fraction has been found in the cytosol. In order to get new insights into the biological function of P22, we looked for cellular proteins which could strongly associate with this protein. Using immunoprecipitation studies on human cell extracts, we found that a non-secreted cellular protein of about 32 kDa (P32) bound with a high specificity to P22. P32 associated neither with HBeAg nor with the viral core protein P21 which exhibits the same amino acids sequence as P22 but is N-terminally shorter by 10 residues. We also demonstrated that this interaction depended on the presence of the P22 C-terminal domain. Our data argues for a potential biological function of P22.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Salhi
- Laboratoire de Génétique des Virus, UPR 9053-CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
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Salhi S, Elie C, Jean-Jean O, Meunier-Rotival M, Forterre P, Rossignol JM, de Recondo AM. The DNA polymerase from the archaebacterium Sulfolobus acidocaldarius: a thermophilic and thermoresistant enzyme which can perform automated polymerase chain reaction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990; 167:1341-7. [PMID: 2182028 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(90)90670-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A DNA polymerase purified from the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus acidocaldarius was used to perform automated DNA amplification at 70 degrees C as well as site directed mutagenesis by Polymerase Chain Reaction (P.C.R.). The yield of amplification performed at optimum MgCl2 concentration for the Taq or the S. acidocaldarius DNA polymerase, for the same DNA target, was equivalent. The ability of S. acidocaldarius DNA polymerase to perform P.C.R. under less stringent requirement of MgCl2 concentration gives this enzyme a non-negligible advantage over the Taq DNA polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Salhi
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Réplication, UPR 272-CNRS, BP n8, Villejuif, France
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Jean-Jean O, Salhi S, Carlier D, Elie C, De Recondo AM, Rossignol JM. Biosynthesis of hepatitis B virus e antigen: directed mutagenesis of the putative aspartyl protease site. J Virol 1989; 63:5497-500. [PMID: 2685358 PMCID: PMC251224 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.63.12.5497-5500.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The C gene products of all mammalian hepadnaviruses contain a region with sequence similarities to the catalytic center of the aspartyl proteases. This region could have the capacity to cleave precore proteins, leading to the synthesis of e antigen. By site-directed mutagenesis on a plasmid containing the hepatitis B virus C gene, we have replaced either the Asp residue of the putative aspartyl protease catalytic center or an Asp residue located 3 amino acids upstream. Transient expression of the mutated hepatitis B virus C gene in human and mouse cells showed that none of these mutations prevented the secretion of an accurately processed HBe antigen. Thus, we demonstrated that the aspartyl protease responsible for e antigen precursor processing is not C gene encoded but is more likely to be a cellular enzyme. From these results, we suggest a model for the mechanism of e antigen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Jean-Jean
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Réplication, ER 272-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Villejuif, France
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Salhi S, Elie C, Forterre P, de Recondo AM, Rossignol JM. DNA polymerase from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Replication at high temperature of long stretches of single-stranded DNA. J Mol Biol 1989; 209:635-44. [PMID: 2511325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The activity of a homogeneous DNA polymerase from the thermophilic archaebacterium, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, on a singly primed, single-stranded recombinant phage M13 DNA has been examined. At the optimal temperature (70 to 75 degrees C) this template is efficiently replicated in ten minutes using a ratio of enzyme molecule to primed-template of 0.8. Analysis of DNA products during the course of polymerization shows that species of quite homogeneous size are observed and that the number of primers extended by the enzyme is constant, whatever the enzyme molecule to primed template ratio is in the range 1/50 to 2, indicating that the 100 x 10(3) Mr DNA polymerase from S. acidocaldarius is randomly recycled on the template molecules. At non-optimal temperature (60 degrees C and 80 degrees C) the distribution of products observed indicated the presence of arrest sequences; some have been shown to be reversible. One of these pausing signals detected at 80 degrees C has been further analysed, and has been found to be DNA sequence-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Salhi
- Biologie Moléculaire de la Réplication, UPR 2-CNRS, IRSC, Villejuif, France
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Elie C, Salhi S, Rossignol JM, Forterre P, De Recondo AM. A DNA polymerase from a thermoacidophilic archaebacterium: evolutionary and technological interests. Biochim Biophys Acta 1988; 951:261-7. [PMID: 3145018 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(88)90095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The archaebacteria constitute a group of prokaryotes with an intermediate phylogenetic position between eukaryotes and eubacteria. The study of their DNA polymerases may provide valuable information about putative evolutionary relationships between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA polymerases. As a first step towards this goal, we have purified to near homogeneity a DNA polymerase from the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. This enzyme is a monomeric protein of 100 kDa which can catalyze DNA synthesis using either activated calf thymus DNA or oligonucleotide-primed single-stranded DNA as a template. The activity is optimal at 70 degrees C and the enzyme is thermostable up to 80 degrees C; however, it can still polymerize up to 200 nucleotides at 100 degrees C. These remarkable thermophilic properties and thermostability permit examination of the mechanism of DNA synthesis under conditions of decreased stability of the DNA helix. Furthermore, these properties make S. acidocaldarius DNA polymerase a very efficient enzyme to be used in DNA amplification by the recently developed polymerase chain reaction method (PCR) as well as in the Sanger DNA sequencing technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Elie
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Réplication, IRSC-CNRS, Villejuif, France
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