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Sivam HGP, Chin BY, Gan SY, Ng JH, Gwenhure A, Chan EWL. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and macrophages activates the NLRP3 inflammasome that influences the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a co-culture model. Cancer Biol Ther 2023; 24:2284857. [PMID: 38018872 PMCID: PMC10783839 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2023.2284857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Modified macrophages, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are key contributors to the survival, growth, and metastatic behavior of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. Central to the role of inflammation and TAMs lies the NLRP3 inflammasome. This study investigated the effects of LPS-stimulated inflammation on cell proliferation, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in a co-culture model using PDAC cells and macrophages in the presence or absence of MCC950, a NLRP3-specific inhibitor. The effects of LPS-stimulated inflammation were tested on two PDAC cell lines (Panc 10.05 and SW 1990) co-cultured with RAW 264.7 macrophages. Cell proliferation was determined using the MTT assay. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, and TNF-α were determined by ELISA. Western blot analyses were used to examine the expression of NLRP3 in both PDAC cells and macrophages. The co-culture and interaction between PDAC cell lines and macrophages led to pro-inflammatory microenvironment under LPS stimulation as evidenced by high levels of secreted IL-1β and TNF-α. Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome by MCC950 counteracted the effects of LPS stimulation on the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pro-inflammatory cytokines in PDAC and macrophages. However, MCC950 differentially modified the viability of the metastatic vs primary PDAC cell lines. LPS stimulation increased PDAC cell viability by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment of PDAC cells/macrophages co-cultures. The specific inhibition of the NLRP inflammasome by MCC950 effectively counteracted the LPS-stimulated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beek Yoke Chin
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sook Yee Gan
- Department of Life Science, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jia Hao Ng
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Agnes Gwenhure
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elaine Wan Ling Chan
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Teh KJ, Tang HY, Lim LS, Pung HS, Gan SY, Lai NS. Mini review: surveillance of Lyme borreliosis in Southeast Asia and method of diagnosis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:4378-4385. [PMID: 37259718 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202305_32443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lyme borreliosis is caused by the Gram-negative spirochetes Borrelia spp., particularly Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. The disease is transmitted through the bite of the infected black-legged Ixodes tick. Lyme borreliosis extensively occurs in the Northern Hemisphere, mainly in the United States. Lyme borreliosis cases are also detected in Asian countries including Korea, Nepal, China, Taiwan, and Japan. However, there is an inadequate understanding of Lyme borreliosis in the Southeast Asian region. Hence, this review aims to provide a brief update on the prevalence of Lyme borreliosis infection in Southeast Asia based on the latest literature on this issue. Lyme borreliosis has been discovered in human serum in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. The human serum samples were mainly examined with ELISA test using Borrelia spp. IgG and IgM antigens. Borrelia spp. also has been detected in ticks found on host animals such as Sundamys muelleri and Python in Malaysia, Thailand, and Laos. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to detect the presence of Borrelia DNAs in the samples. The published studies have demonstrated that Borrelia spp. exists in Southeast Asia and although the incidence is relatively low, it is believed that Lyme disease cases are under-reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Teh
- Medical Innovation Ventures Sdn, Bhd (Mediven), Bayan Lepas, Malaysia.
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Yap JKY, Pickard BS, Gan SY, Chan EWL. Genes associated with amyloid-beta-induced inflammasome-mediated neuronal death identified using functional gene trap mutagenesis approach. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 136:106014. [PMID: 34022435 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease, which accounts for most dementia cases. Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognised for its roles in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis which, in part, links amyloid-beta to neuronal death. Neuroinflammatory signalling can be exhibited by neurons themselves, potentially leading to widespread neuronal cell death, although neuroinflammation is commonly associated with glial cells. The presence of the inflammasomes such as nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors protein 1 in neurons accelerates amyloid-beta -induced neuroinflammation and has been shown to trigger neuronal pyroptosis in murine Alzheimer's disease models. However, the pathways involved in amyloid-beta activation of inflammasomes have yet to be elucidated. In this study, a gene trap mutagenesis approach was utilised to resolve the genes functionally involved in inflammasome signalling within neurons, and the mechanism behind amyloid-beta-induced neuronal death. The results indicate that amyloid-beta significantly accelerated neuroinflammatory cell death in the presence of a primed inflammasome (the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 1). The mutagenesis screen discovered the atypical mitochondrial Ras homolog family member T1 as a significant contributor to amyloid-beta-induced inflammasome -mediated neuronal death. The mutagenesis screen also identified two genes involved in transforming growth factor beta signalling, namely Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 1 and SNW domain containing 1. Additionally, a gene associated with cytoskeletal reorganisation, SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase Activating Protein 3 was found to be neuroprotective. In conclusion, these genes could play important roles in inflammasome signalling in neurons, which makes them promising therapeutic targets for future drug development against neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Kean Yi Yap
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Benjamin Simon Pickard
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Sook Yee Gan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elaine Wan Ling Chan
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Chan EWL, Yeo ETY, Wong KWL, See ML, Wong KY, Gan SY. Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Root Extracts Confer Neuroprotection by Attenuating Beta Amyloid-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Released from Microglial Cells. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:251-260. [DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190228124630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
<P>Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that
eventually leads to severe cognitive impairment. Although the exact etiologies of AD still remain elusive,
increasing evidence suggests that neuroinflammation cascades mediated by microglial cells are
associated with AD. Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (PS) is a medicinal plant reported to possess various biological
properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-psychotic and anti-oxidant activity. However, little
is known about the anti-inflammatory activity of PS roots despite their traditional use to treat inflammatory-
mediated ailments.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties of extracts
obtained from the roots of PS against beta-amyloid (Aβ)-induced microglial toxicity associated with the
production of pro-inflammatory mediators.
Method: BV2 microglial cells were treated with hexane (RHXN), dichloromethane (RDCM), ethyl acetate
(REA) and methanol (RMEOH) extracts of the roots of PS prior to activation by Aβ. The production and
mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators were evaluated by Griess reagent, ELISA kits and
RT-qPCR respectively. The phosphorylation status of p38α MAPK was determined via western blot assay.
BV2 conditioned medium was used to treat SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and the neuroprotective
effect was assessed using MTT assay.
Results: PS root extracts, in particular RMEOH significantly attenuated the production and mRNA expression
of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in Aβ-induced BV2 microglial cells. In addition, RHXN, REA and
RMEOH extracts significantly reduced nitric oxide (NO) level and the inhibition of NO production was
correlated with the total phenolic content of the extracts. Further mechanistic studies suggested that PS
root extracts attenuated the production of cytokines by regulating the phosphorylation of p38α MAPK in
microglia. Importantly, PS root extracts have protective effects against Aβ-induced indirect neurotoxicity
either by inhibiting the production of NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in BV2 cells or by protecting SHSY5Y
cells against these inflammatory mediators.
Conclusions: These findings provided evidence that PS root extracts confer neuroprotection against Aβ-
induced microglial toxicity associated with the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and may be a
potential therapeutic agent for inflammation-related neurological conditions including Alzheimer’s disease
(AD).</P>
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Wan Ling Chan
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Emilia Tze Ying Yeo
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kelly Wang Ling Wong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mun Ling See
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ka Yan Wong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sook Yee Gan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chan EWL, Krishnansamy S, Wong C, Gan SY. The NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the neuroprotective mechanism of neural stem cells against microglia-mediated toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells via the attenuation of tau hyperphosphorylation and amyloidogenesis. Neurotoxicology 2018; 70:91-98. [PMID: 30408495 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The cognitive impairment caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau proteins, and is accompanied by inflammation. Recently, a novel inflammasome signaling pathway has been uncovered. Inflammasomes are implicated in the execution of inflammatory responses and pyroptotic death leading to neurodegeneration. Thus, the inflammasome signaling pathway could be a potential therapeutic target for AD. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent cells that can self-renew and differentiate into distinct neural cells. NSC therapy has been considered to be a promising therapeutic approach in protecting the central nervous system and restoring it following damage. However, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate the protective effects of NE4C neural stem cells against microglia-mediated neurotoxicity and to explore molecular mechanisms mediating their actions. NE4C decreased the levels of caspase-1 and IL-1β, and attenuated the level of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its associated protein adapter, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC) in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells, possibly by regulating the phosphorylation of p38α MAPK. The conditioned media obtained from co-culture of LPS-stimulated BV2 and NE4C cells exhibited protective effects on SH-SY5Y cells against microglia-mediated neurotoxicity; this was associated with an attenuation of tau phosphorylation and amyloidogenesis and accompanied by down-regulation of GSK-3β and p38α MAPK signalling pathways. In conclusion, the present study suggested that NSC therapy could be a potential strategy against microglia-mediated neurotoxicity. NSCs regulate NLRP3 activation and IL-1β secretion, which are critical in the initiation of the inflammatory responses, hence preventing the release of neurotoxic pro-inflammatory factors by microglia. This eventually reduces tau hyperphosphylation and amyloidogenesis, possibly through the regulation of GSK-3β and p38α MAPK signalling pathways, and thus protects SH-SY5Y cells against microglia-mediated neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Wan Ling Chan
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sangeetha Krishnansamy
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Cindy Wong
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sook Yee Gan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Gan SY, Wong LZ, Wong JW, Tan EL. Fucosterol exerts protection against amyloid β-induced neurotoxicity, reduces intracellular levels of amyloid β and enhances the mRNA expression of neuroglobin in amyloid β-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 121:207-213. [PMID: 30300695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to progressive loss of neurons which often results in deterioration of memory and cognitive function. The development of AD is highly associated with the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Amyloid β (Aβ) induces neurotoxicity and contributes to the development of AD. Recent evidences also highlighted the importance of neuroglobin (Ngb) in ameliorating AD. This study assessed the ability of fucosterol, a phytosterol found in brown alga, in protecting SH-SY5Y cells against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Its effects on the mRNA levels of APP and Ngb as well as the intracellular Aβ levels were also determined in Aβ-induced SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to fucosterol prior to Aβ treatment. The effect on apoptosis was determined using Annexin V FITC staining and mRNA expression was studied using RT-PCR. Flow cytometry confirmed the protective effects of fucosterol on SH-SY5Y cells against Aβ-induced apoptosis. Pretreatment with fucosterol increased the Ngb mRNA levels but reduced the levels of APP mRNA and intracellular Aβ in Aβ-induced SH-SY5Y cells. These observations demonstrated the protective properties of fucosterol against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Yee Gan
- Department of Life Science, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126 Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Li Zhe Wong
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jia Wun Wong
- BPharm, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126 Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eng Lai Tan
- Department of Life Science, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126 Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Md S, Gan SY, Haw YH, Ho CL, Wong S, Choudhury H. In vitro neuroprotective effects of naringenin nanoemulsion against β-amyloid toxicity through the regulation of amyloidogenesis and tau phosphorylation. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1211-1219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yeo ETY, Wong KWL, See ML, Wong KY, Gan SY, Chan EWL. Piper sarmentosum Roxb. confers neuroprotection on beta-amyloid (Aβ)-induced microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation in SH-SY5Y cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 217:187-194. [PMID: 29462698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (PS), belonging to Piperaceae family, is an edible plant with medicinal properties. It is traditionally used by the Malays to treat headache and boost memory. Pharmacological studies revealed that PS exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and anti-depressant-like effects. In view of this, the present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory actions of PS and its potential neuroprotective effects against beta-amyloid (Aβ)-induced microglia-mediated neurotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inhibitory effects of hexane (LHXN), dichloromethane (LDCM), ethyl acetate (LEA) and methanol (LMEOH) extracts from leaves of PS on Aβ-induced production and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in BV-2 microglial cells were assessed using colorimetric assay with Griess reagent, ELISA kit and real-time RT-PCR respectively. Subsequently, MTT reduction assay was used to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of PS leaf extracts against Aβ-induced microglia-mediated neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The levels of tau proteins phosphorylated at threonine 231 (pT231) and total tau proteins (T-tau) were determined using ELISA kits. RESULTS Polar extracts of PS leaves (LEA and LMEOH) reduced the Aβ-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) in BV-2 cells by downregulating the mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production could be due to the free radical scavenging activity of the extracts. In addition, conditioned media from Aβ-induced BV-2 cells pre-treated with LEA and LMEOH protected SH-SY5Y cells against microglia-mediated neurotoxicity. Further mechanistic study suggested that the neuroprotective effects were associated with the downregulation of phosphorylated tau proteins. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that polar extracts of PS leaves confer neuroprotection against Aβ-induced microglia-mediated neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by attenuating tau hyperphosphorylation through their anti-inflammatory actions and could be a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Tze Ying Yeo
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kelly Wang Ling Wong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mun Ling See
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ka Yan Wong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sook Yee Gan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Elaine Wan Ling Chan
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Gan SY, Saedon NI, Sukanya S, Fairuz NHA, Sakinah SMN, Fatin NIAH, Imran ZA, Chee KH, Teo JYL, Tan MP. Experience of a rapid access falls and syncope service at a teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur. Med J Malaysia 2017; 72:203-208. [PMID: 28889130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
No abstract available.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Gan
- University of Malaya Medical Centre, Cardiorespiratory Laboratory, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - N I Saedon
- University of Malaya Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Sukanya
- University of Malaya Medical Centre, Cardiorespiratory Laboratory, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N H A Fairuz
- University of Malaya Medical Centre, Cardiorespiratory Laboratory, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S M N Sakinah
- University of Malaya Medical Centre, Cardiorespiratory Laboratory, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N I A H Fatin
- University of Malaya Medical Centre, Cardiorespiratory Laboratory, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Z A Imran
- University of Malaya Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K H Chee
- University of Malaya Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J Y L Teo
- University of Malaya Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M P Tan
- University of Malaya Medical Centre, Cardiorespiratory Laboratory, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Poh YW, Gan SY, Tan EL. Effects of IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β on the expression of survivin and apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma TW01 cells. Exp Oncol 2012; 34:85-89. [PMID: 23013758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study is to investigate whether IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β are able to confer resistance to apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by upregulating the expression of survivin. METHODS The human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line TW01 (WHO NPC Type I) was cultured in DMEM-F12 Ham medium containing 10% FBS in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO(2) and 37°C and treated with different concentrations of IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β. Survivin mRNA expression was measured by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. Apoptosis was determined based on the assay for caspase-3 activity. RESULTS Of all the cytokines tested, only TGF-β (10 pg/mL) induced the over-expression of survivin at a significant level and this correlated with resistance to apoptosis (p ≤ 0.05). To confirm if survivin is responsible for resistance to apoptosis, YM155 which is a survivin inhibitor was used and the results showed that YM155 abrogated the protective effect of TGF-β. Interestingly, IL-10 did not significantly alter the expression of survivin. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that TGF-β up-regulates the expression of survivin leading to the resistance to apoptosis in NPC TW01 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Poh
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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