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Kim J, Park J, Choi H, Kim T, Cha S, Lee Y, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kim J, Jo MH, Choi H. Correlation-driven nonequilibrium exciton site transition in a WSe 2/WS 2 moiré supercell. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3312. [PMID: 38632336 PMCID: PMC11024152 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47768-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Moiré superlattices of transition metal dichalcogenides offer a unique platform to explore correlated exciton physics with optical spectroscopy. Whereas the spatially modulated potentials evoke that the exciton resonances are distinct depending on a site in a moiré supercell, there have been no clear demonstration how the moiré excitons trapped in different sites dynamically interact with the doped carriers; so far the exciton-electron dynamic interactions were presumed to be site-dependent. Thus, the transient emergence of nonequilibrium correlations are open questions, but existing studies are limited to steady-state optical measurements. Here we report experimental fingerprints of site-dependent exciton correlations under continuous-wave as well as ultrashort optical excitations. In near-zero angle-aligned WSe2/WS2 heterobilayers, we observe intriguing polarization switching and strongly enhanced Pauli blocking near the Mott insulating state, dictating the dominant correlation-driven effects. When the twist angle is near 60°, no such correlations are observed, suggesting the strong dependence of atomic registry in moiré supercell configuration. Our studies open the door to largely unexplored nonequilibrium correlations of excitons in moiré superlattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjae Kim
- Department of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- Department of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hyojin Choi
- Department of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Taeho Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Center for van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Soonyoung Cha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Yewon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Center for van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Center for van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Moon-Ho Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Center for van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Hyunyong Choi
- Department of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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Kim Y, Kim MJ, Cha S, Choi S, Kim CJ, Kim BJ, Jo MH, Kim J, Lee J. Dephasing Dynamics Accessed by High Harmonic Generation: Determination of Electron-Hole Decoherence of Dirac Fermions. Nano Lett 2024; 24:1277-1283. [PMID: 38232182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
We reveal the critical effect of ultrashort dephasing on the polarization of high harmonic generation in Dirac fermions. As the elliptically polarized laser pulse falls in or slightly beyond the multiphoton regime, the elliptically polarized high harmonic generation is produced and exhibits a characteristic polarimetry of the polarization ellipse, which is found to depend on the decoherence time T2. T2 could then be determined to be a few femtoseconds directly from the experimentally observed polarimetry of high harmonics. This shows a sharp contrast with the semimetal regime of higher pump intensity, where the polarimetry is irrelevant to T2. An access to the dephasing dynamics would extend the prospect of high harmonic generation into the metrology of a femtosecond dynamic process in the coherent quantum control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjae Kim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- School of Physics, KIAS, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonyoung Cha
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinyoung Choi
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Joo Kim
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ho Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeDong Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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Jung J, Oh Y, Cha S, Ohe J. An analysis of contributing factors of head and neck space infections of odontogenic origin: A long-term retrospective clinical study (including COVID-19 pandemic period). Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2023; 28:e622-e629. [PMID: 37330958 PMCID: PMC10635621 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.26018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to investigate predisposing factors for the head and neck infections (HNIs), regarding to the demographic data, anatomical spaces, microbiology and antibiotic sensitivity for affected patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A 13-year of retrospective study evaluating 470 patients with HNIs, treated as inpatient management in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of KyungHee University school of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea, from January 2009 to February 2022. Statistical analysis of demographic, time-related, anatomic, microbiologic, and treatment variables were investigated for each patient. RESULTS The frequency of HNIs was significantly higher in 50's in males, followed by 70's in females. High Severity score (SS) were significantly associated with increased LOH (Length of hospital stay) and LOM (Length of medication), while LOH showed more intensive relationship compared with LOM. The most frequently involved space in abscess was submandibular space, though incidence and severity of HNIs shows declining tendency throughout 13-year research. Streptococcus viridans was the most predominant species isolated from pus culture growth, and a combination of ampicillin and sulbactam was the 1st choice of antibiotics intravenously. According to the comparison analysis between recommended antibiotics from resistance testing result and clinically administered antibiotics, final coincidence rate was estimated about 55%. CONCLUSIONS Due to HNIs being multifactorial, predicting progression and management of HNIs is still a challenge for oral and maxillofacial surgeons. The present study showed several predisposing factors of SHNIs and their correlations, which could contribute to earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment planning for clinicians, thereby leading to the improvement of prognosis for patients, ultimately.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 02447 Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Browne J, Chipps KA, Schmidt K, Schatz H, Ahn S, Pain SD, Montes F, Ong WJ, Greife U, Allen J, Bardayan DW, Blackmon JC, Blankstein D, Cha S, Chae KY, Febbraro M, Hall MR, Jones KL, Kontos A, Meisel Z, O'Malley PD, Schmitt KT, Smith K, Smith MS, Thompson P, Toomey R, Vostinar M, Walter D. First Direct Measurement Constraining the ^{34}Ar(α,p)^{37}K Reaction Cross Section for Mixed Hydrogen and Helium Burning in Accreting Neutron Stars. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:212701. [PMID: 37295108 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.212701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rate of the final step in the astrophysical αp process, the ^{34}Ar(α,p)^{37}K reaction, suffers from large uncertainties due to a lack of experimental data, despite having a considerable impact on the observable light curves of x-ray bursts and the composition of the ashes of hydrogen and helium burning on accreting neutron stars. We present the first direct measurement constraining the ^{34}Ar(α,p)^{37}K reaction cross section, using the Jet Experiments in Nuclear Structure and Astrophysics gas jet target. The combined cross section for the ^{34}Ar,Cl(α,p)^{37}K,Ar reaction is found to agree well with Hauser-Feshbach predictions. The ^{34}Ar(α,2p)^{36}Ar cross section, which can be exclusively attributed to the ^{34}Ar beam component, also agrees to within the typical uncertainties quoted for statistical models. This indicates the applicability of the statistical model for predicting astrophysical (α,p) reaction rates in this part of the αp process, in contrast to earlier findings from indirect reaction studies indicating orders-of-magnitude discrepancies. This removes a significant uncertainty in models of hydrogen and helium burning on accreting neutron stars.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Browne
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA-CEE), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - K A Chipps
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Konrad Schmidt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA-CEE), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - H Schatz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA-CEE), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - S Ahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA-CEE), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - S D Pain
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - F Montes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA-CEE), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - W J Ong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA-CEE), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - U Greife
- Physics Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - J Allen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - D W Bardayan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA-CEE), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - J C Blackmon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - D Blankstein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - S Cha
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - K Y Chae
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - M Febbraro
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - M R Hall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - K L Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - A Kontos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA-CEE), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Z Meisel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA-CEE), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - P D O'Malley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - K T Schmitt
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - K Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - M S Smith
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - P Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - R Toomey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - M Vostinar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - D Walter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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Lee J, Kwon J, Lee E, Park J, Cha S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Jo MH, Choi H. Spinful hinge states in the higher-order topological insulators WTe 2. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1801. [PMID: 37002230 PMCID: PMC10066182 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher-order topological insulators are recently discovered quantum materials exhibiting distinct topological phases with the generalized bulk-boundary correspondence. Td-WTe2 is a promising candidate to reveal topological hinge excitation in an atomically thin regime. However, with initial theories and experiments focusing on localized one-dimensional conductance only, no experimental reports exist on how the spin orientations are distributed over the helical hinges-this is critical, yet one missing puzzle. Here, we employ the magneto-optic Kerr effect to visualize the spinful characteristics of the hinge states in a few-layer Td-WTe2. By examining the spin polarization of electrons injected from WTe2 to graphene under external electric and magnetic fields, we conclude that WTe2 hosts a spinful and helical topological hinge state protected by the time-reversal symmetry. Our experiment provides a fertile diagnosis to investigate the topologically protected gapless hinge states, and may call for new theoretical studies to extend the previous spinless model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jekwan Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jaehyeon Kwon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Eunho Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Soonyoung Cha
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technoloagy, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Moon-Ho Jo
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technoloagy, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Hyunyong Choi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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Cha S, Kim M, Kim Y, Choi S, Kang S, Kim H, Yoon S, Moon G, Kim T, Lee YW, Cho GY, Park MJ, Kim CJ, Kim BJ, Lee J, Jo MH, Kim J. Gate-tunable quantum pathways of high harmonic generation in graphene. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6630. [PMID: 36333325 PMCID: PMC9636431 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Under strong laser fields, electrons in solids radiate high-harmonic fields by travelling through quantum pathways in Bloch bands in the sub-laser-cycle timescales. Understanding these pathways in the momentum space through the high-harmonic radiation can enable an all-optical ultrafast probe to observe coherent lightwave-driven processes and measure electronic structures as recently demonstrated for semiconductors. However, such demonstration has been largely limited for semimetals because the absence of the bandgap hinders an experimental characterization of the exact pathways. In this study, by combining electrostatic control of chemical potentials with HHG measurement, we resolve quantum pathways of massless Dirac fermions in graphene under strong laser fields. Electrical modulation of HHG reveals quantum interference between the multi-photon interband excitation channels. As the light-matter interaction deviates beyond the perturbative regime, elliptically polarized laser fields efficiently drive massless Dirac fermions via an intricate coupling between the interband and intraband transitions, which is corroborated by our theoretical calculations. Our findings pave the way for strong-laser-field tomography of Dirac electrons in various quantum semimetals and their ultrafast electronics with a gate control. Under strong laser fields, materials exhibit extreme non-linear optical response, such as high harmonic generation. These higher harmonics provide insights into electron behaviour in materials in sub-laser cycle timescale. Here, Cha et al study higher harmonic generation resulting from the laser driven motion of massless Dirac fermions in graphene.
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Richardson G, Park J, Boyer M, Gutierrez M, Carbone D, Savvides P, Kaumaya P, Bekaii-Saab T, Phan T, Chong L, Cha S, Ede N, Nixon B, Withana N, Good A. P1.15-08 Phase 1: IMU-201 (PD1-Vaxx), a B-Cell Immunotherapy as Monotherapy or in Combination with Atezolizumab, in Adults with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vajapeyam S, Brown D, Ziaei A, Wu S, Vezina G, Stern J, Panigrahy A, Patay Z, Tamrazi B, Jones J, Haque S, Enterline D, Cha S, Jones B, Yeom K, Onar-Thomas A, Dunkel I, Fouladi M, Fangusaro J, Poussaint T. ADC Histogram Analysis of Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma Treated with Selumetinib: A Report from the Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:455-461. [PMID: 35210278 PMCID: PMC8910799 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Selumetinib is a promising MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase (MEK) 1/2 inhibitor treatment for pediatric low-grade gliomas. We hypothesized that MR imaging-derived ADC histogram metrics would be associated with survival and response to treatment with selumetinib. MATERIALS AND METHODS Children with recurrent, refractory, or progressive pediatric low-grade gliomas who had World Health Organization grade I pilocytic astrocytoma with KIAA1549-BRAF fusion or the BRAF V600E mutation (stratum 1), neurofibromatosis type 1-associated pediatric low-grade gliomas (stratum 3), or sporadic non-neurofibromatosis type 1 optic pathway and hypothalamic glioma (OPHG) (stratum 4) were treated with selumetinib for up to 2 years. Quantitative ADC histogram metrics were analyzed for total and enhancing tumor volumes at baseline and during treatment. RESULTS Each stratum comprised 25 patients. Stratum 1 responders showed lower values of SD of baseline ADC_total as well as a larger decrease with time on treatment in ADC_total mean, mode, and median compared with nonresponders. Stratum 3 responders showed a greater longitudinal decrease in ADC_total. In stratum 4, higher baseline ADC_total skewness and kurtosis were associated with shorter progression-free survival. When all 3 strata were combined, responders showed a greater decrease with time in ADC_total mode and median. Compared with sporadic OPHG, neurofibromatosis type 1-associated OPHG had lower values of ADC_total mean, mode, and median as well as ADC_enhancement mean and median and higher values of ADC_total skewness and kurtosis at baseline. The longitudinal decrease in ADC_total median during treatment was significantly greater in sporadic OPHG compared with neurofibromatosis type 1-associated OPHG. CONCLUSIONS ADC histogram metrics are associated with progression-free survival and response to treatment with selumetinib in pediatric low-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Vajapeyam
- From the Department of Radiology (S.V., T.Y.P.), Boston Children’s Hospital,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - D. Brown
- Department of Radiology (D.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A. Ziaei
- Department of Radiology (A.Z.), Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - S. Wu
- Department of Biostatistics (S.W., A.O.-T.), St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - G. Vezina
- Department of Radiology (G.V.), Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - J.S. Stern
- Department of Radiology (J.S.S.), Ann and Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - A. Panigrahy
- Department of Radiology (A.P.), Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Z. Patay
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging (Z.P.), St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - B. Tamrazi
- Department of Radiology (B.T.), Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - J.Y. Jones
- Department of Radiology (J.Y.J., M.F.), Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - S.S. Haque
- Department of Radiology (S.S.H., I.J.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - D.S. Enterline
- Department of Radiology (D.S.E.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - S. Cha
- Department of Radiology (S.C.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - B.V. Jones
- Department of Radiology (B.V.J.), Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - K.W. Yeom
- Department of Radiology (K.W.Y.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - A. Onar-Thomas
- Department of Biostatistics (S.W., A.O.-T.), St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - I.J. Dunkel
- Department of Radiology (S.S.H., I.J.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - M. Fouladi
- Department of Radiology (J.Y.J., M.F.), Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - J.R. Fangusaro
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation (J.R.F.), Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - T.Y. Poussaint
- From the Department of Radiology (S.V., T.Y.P.), Boston Children’s Hospital,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Song SB, Yoon S, Kim SY, Yang S, Seo SY, Cha S, Jeong HW, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Lee GH, Kim JS, Jo MH, Kim J. Deep-ultraviolet electroluminescence and photocurrent generation in graphene/hBN/graphene heterostructures. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7134. [PMID: 34880247 PMCID: PMC8654827 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27524-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a van der Waals semiconductor with a wide bandgap of ~ 5.96 eV. Despite the indirect bandgap characteristics of hBN, charge carriers excited by high energy electrons or photons efficiently emit luminescence at deep-ultraviolet (DUV) frequencies via strong electron-phonon interaction, suggesting potential DUV light emitting device applications. However, electroluminescence from hBN has not been demonstrated at DUV frequencies so far. In this study, we report DUV electroluminescence and photocurrent generation in graphene/hBN/graphene heterostructures at room temperature. Tunneling carrier injection from graphene electrodes into the band edges of hBN enables prominent electroluminescence at DUV frequencies. On the other hand, under DUV laser illumination and external bias voltage, graphene electrodes efficiently collect photo-excited carriers in hBN, which generates high photocurrent. Laser excitation micro-spectroscopy shows that the radiative recombination and photocarrier excitation processes in the heterostructures mainly originate from the pristine structure and the stacking faults in hBN. Our work provides a pathway toward efficient DUV light emitting and detection devices based on hBN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Beom Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sera Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Young Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonyoung Cha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Woo Jeong
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Gil-Ho Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ho Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Jin G, Lee CS, Okello OFN, Lee SH, Park MY, Cha S, Seo SY, Moon G, Min SY, Yang DH, Han C, Ahn H, Lee J, Choi H, Kim J, Choi SY, Jo MH. Heteroepitaxial van der Waals semiconductor superlattices. Nat Nanotechnol 2021; 16:1092-1098. [PMID: 34267369 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00942-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A broad range of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductors are available as monolayer (ML) crystals, so the precise integration of each kind into van der Waals (vdW) superlattices (SLs) could enable the realization of novel structures with previously unexplored functionalities. Here we report the atomic layer-by-layer epitaxial growth of vdW SLs with programmable stacking periodicities, composed of more than two kinds of dissimilar TMDC MLs, such as MoS2, WS2 and WSe2. Using kinetics-controlled vdW epitaxy in the near-equilibrium limit by metal-organic chemical vapour depositions, we achieved precise ML-by-ML stacking, free of interlayer atomic mixing, which resulted in tunable two-dimensional vdW electronic systems. As an example, by exploiting the series of type II band alignments at coherent two-dimensional vdW heterointerfaces, we demonstrated valley-polarized carrier excitations-one of the most distinctive electronic features in vdW ML semiconductors-which scale with the stack numbers n in our (MoS2/WS2)n SLs on optical excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangtae Jin
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Lee
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Odongo F N Okello
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Suk-Ho Lee
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Min Yeong Park
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Soonyoung Cha
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea
| | - Seung-Young Seo
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Gunho Moon
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Seok Young Min
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Dong-Hwan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Cheolhee Han
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Korea
| | - Jekwan Lee
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunyong Choi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Si-Young Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Moon-Ho Jo
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea.
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11
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Lee J, Heo W, Cha M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kim J, Cha S, Kim D, Jo MH, Choi H. Ultrafast non-excitonic valley Hall effect in MoS 2/WTe 2 heterobilayers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1635. [PMID: 33712572 PMCID: PMC7955044 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21013-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The valley Hall effect (VHE) in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) crystals is a promising approach to study the valley pseudospin. Most experiments so far have used bound electron-hole pairs (excitons) through local photoexcitation. However, the valley depolarization of such excitons is fast, so that several challenges remain to be resolved. We address this issue by exploiting a unipolar VHE using a heterobilayer made of monolayer MoS2/WTe2 to exhibit a long valley-polarized lifetime due to the absence of electron-hole exchange interaction. The unipolar VHE is manifested by reduced photoluminescence at the MoS2 A exciton energy. Furthermore, we provide quantitative information on the time-dependent valley Hall dynamics by performing the spatially-resolved ultrafast Kerr-rotation microscopy; we find that the valley-polarized electrons persist for more than 4 nanoseconds and the valley Hall mobility exceeds 4.49 × 103 cm2/Vs, which is orders of magnitude larger than previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jekwan Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonhyeok Heo
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myungjun Cha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jehyun Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soonyoung Cha
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Korea
| | - Dohun Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon-Ho Jo
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Korea
| | - Hyunyong Choi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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12
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Park CJ, Han K, Kim H, Ahn SS, Choi D, Park YW, Chang JH, Kim SH, Cha S, Lee SK. MRI Features May Predict Molecular Features of Glioblastoma in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Wild-Type Lower-Grade Gliomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:448-456. [PMID: 33509914 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type lower-grade gliomas (histologic grades II and III) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification or telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation are reported to behave similar to glioblastoma. We aimed to evaluate whether MR imaging features could identify a subset of IDH wild-type lower-grade gliomas that carry molecular features of glioblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this multi-institutional retrospective study, pathologically confirmed IDH wild-type lower-grade gliomas from 2 tertiary institutions and The Cancer Genome Atlas constituted the training set (institution 1 and The Cancer Genome Atlas, 64 patients) and the independent test set (institution 2, 57 patients). Preoperative MRIs were analyzed using the Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images and radiomics. The molecular glioblastoma status was determined on the basis of the presence of EGFR amplification and TERT promoter mutation. Molecular glioblastoma was present in 73.4% and 56.1% in the training and test sets, respectively. Models using clinical, Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images, and radiomic features were built to predict the molecular glioblastoma status in the training set; then they were validated in the test set. RESULTS In the test set, a model using both Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images and radiomic features showed superior predictive performance (area under the curve = 0.854) than that with only clinical features or Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images (areas under the curve = 0.514 and 0.648, respectively; P < . 001, both). When both Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images and radiomics were added to clinical features, the predictive performance significantly increased (areas under the curve = 0.514 versus 0.863, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS MR imaging features integrated with machine learning classifiers may predict a subset of IDH wild-type lower-grade gliomas that carry molecular features of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Park
- From the Department of Radiology (C.J.P.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Han
- Department of Radiology (K.H., H.K., S.S.A., Y.W.P., S.-K.L.), Research Institute of Radiological Sciences, Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science
| | - H Kim
- Department of Radiology (K.H., H.K., S.S.A., Y.W.P., S.-K.L.), Research Institute of Radiological Sciences, Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science
| | - S S Ahn
- Department of Radiology (K.H., H.K., S.S.A., Y.W.P., S.-K.L.), Research Institute of Radiological Sciences, Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science
| | - D Choi
- Department of Computer Science (D.C.), Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y W Park
- Department of Radiology (K.H., H.K., S.S.A., Y.W.P., S.-K.L.), Research Institute of Radiological Sciences, Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science
| | | | - S H Kim
- Department of Pathology (S.H.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Cha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.C.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - S-K Lee
- Department of Radiology (K.H., H.K., S.S.A., Y.W.P., S.-K.L.), Research Institute of Radiological Sciences, Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science
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13
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Wu X, Li Y, Glastonbury CM, Cha S. Involvement of the Olfactory Apparatus by Gliomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:712-717. [PMID: 32165363 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory bulbs and tracts are central nervous system white matter tracts maintained by central neuroglia. Although rare, gliomas can originate from and progress to involve the olfactory apparatus. Through a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant retrospective review of the institutional teaching files and brain MR imaging reports spanning 10 years, we identified 12 cases of gliomas involving the olfactory bulbs and tracts, including 6 cases of glioblastoma, 2 cases of anaplastic oligodendroglioma, and 1 case each of pilocytic astrocytoma, diffuse (grade II) astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III), and diffuse midline glioma. All except the pilocytic astrocytoma occurred in patients with known primary glial tumors elsewhere. Imaging findings of olfactory tumor involvement ranged from well-demarcated enhancing masses to ill-defined enhancing infiltrative lesions to nonenhancing masslike FLAIR signal abnormality within the olfactory tracts. Familiarity with the imaging findings of glioma involvement of the olfactory nerves is important for timely diagnosis and treatment of recurrent gliomas and to distinguish them from other disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wu
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (X.W.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Y Li
- Departments of Clinical Radiology (Y.L., C.M.G.)
| | - C M Glastonbury
- Departments of Clinical Radiology (Y.L., C.M.G.).,Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (C.M.G.).,Radiation Oncology (C.M.G.)
| | - S Cha
- Radiology (S.C.).,Neurological Surgery (S.C.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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14
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Aboian MS, Tong E, Solomon DA, Kline C, Gautam A, Vardapetyan A, Tamrazi B, Li Y, Jordan CD, Felton E, Weinberg B, Braunstein S, Mueller S, Cha S. Diffusion Characteristics of Pediatric Diffuse Midline Gliomas with Histone H3-K27M Mutation Using Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Histogram Analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1804-1810. [PMID: 31694820 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diffuse midline gliomas with histone H3 K27M mutation are biologically aggressive tumors with poor prognosis defined as a new diagnostic entity in the 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. There are no qualitative imaging differences (enhancement, border, or central necrosis) between histone H3 wildtype and H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas. Herein, we evaluated the utility of diffusion-weighted imaging to distinguish H3 K27M-mutant from histone H3 wildtype diffuse midline gliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified 31 pediatric patients (younger than 21 years of age) with diffuse gliomas centered in midline structures that had undergone assessment for histone H3 K27M mutation. We measured ADC within these tumors using a voxel-based 3D whole-tumor measurement method. RESULTS Our cohort included 18 infratentorial and 13 supratentorial diffuse gliomas centered in midline structures. Twenty-three (74%) tumors carried H3-K27M mutations. There was no difference in ADC histogram parameters (mean, median, minimum, maximum, percentiles) between mutant and wild-type tumors. Subgroup analysis based on tumor location also did not identify a difference in histogram descriptive statistics. Patients who survived <1 year after diagnosis had lower median ADC (1.10 × 10-3mm2/s; 95% CI, 0.90-1.30) compared with patients who survived >1 year (1.46 × 10-3mm2/s; 95% CI, 1.19-1.67; P < .06). Average ADC values for diffuse midline gliomas were 1.28 × 10-3mm2/s (95% CI, 1.21-1.34) and 0.86 × 10-3mm2/s (95% CI, 0.69-1.01) for hemispheric glioblastomas with P < .05. CONCLUSIONS Although no statistically significant difference in diffusion characteristics was found between H3-K27M mutant and H3 wildtype diffuse midline gliomas, lower diffusivity corresponds to a lower survival rate at 1 year after diagnosis. These findings can have an impact on the anticipated clinical course for this patient population and offer providers and families guidance on clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Aboian
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.S.A.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - E Tong
- Department of Radiology (E.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - C Kline
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (C.K., E.F., S.M.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - A Gautam
- Johns Hopkins University (A.G.), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - A Vardapetyan
- University of California Berkeley (A.V.), Berkeley, California
| | - B Tamrazi
- Department of Radiology (B.T.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Y Li
- Department of Pathology, Departments of Radiology (Y.L., C.D.J., S.C.)
| | - C D Jordan
- Department of Pathology, Departments of Radiology (Y.L., C.D.J., S.C.)
| | - E Felton
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (C.K., E.F., S.M.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - B Weinberg
- Department of Neuroradiology (B.W.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - S Mueller
- Neurological Surgery (S.M.).,Neurology (S.M.).,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (C.K., E.F., S.M.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - S Cha
- Department of Pathology, Departments of Radiology (Y.L., C.D.J., S.C.)
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15
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Sim S, Lee D, Lee J, Bae H, Noh M, Cha S, Jo MH, Lee K, Choi H. Light Polarization-Controlled Conversion of Ultrafast Coherent-Incoherent Exciton Dynamics in Few-Layer ReS 2. Nano Lett 2019; 19:7464-7469. [PMID: 31448923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coherent light-matter interaction can transiently modulate the quantum states of matter under nonresonant laser excitation. This phenomenon, called the optical Stark effect, is one of the promising candidates for realizing ultrafast optical switches. However, the ultrafast modulations induced by the coherent light-matter interactions usually involve unwanted incoherent responses, significantly reducing the overall operation speed. Here, by using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy, we suppress the incoherent response and modulate the coherent-to-incoherent ratio in the two-dimensional semiconductor ReS2. We selectively convert the coherent and incoherent responses of an anisotropic exciton state by solely using photon polarizations, improving the control ratio by 3 orders of magnitude. The efficient modulation was enabled by transient superpositions of differential spectra from two nondegenerate exciton states due to the light polarization dependencies. This work provides a valuable contribution toward realizing ideal ultrafast optical switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwan Sim
- Division of Electrical Engineering , Hanyang University , Ansan 15588 , Korea
| | - Doeon Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22903 , United States
| | - Jekwan Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Hyemin Bae
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Minji Noh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Soonyoung Cha
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 3767 , Korea
| | - Moon-Ho Jo
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 3767 , Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 37673 , Korea
| | - Kyusang Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22903 , United States
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22903 , United States
| | - Hyunyong Choi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
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16
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Bowles J, Caminati M, Cha S, Mendoza J. A framework for automated conflict detection and resolution in medical guidelines. Sci Comput Program 2019; 182:42-63. [PMID: 32029957 PMCID: PMC6993806 DOI: 10.1016/j.scico.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Common chronic conditions are routinely treated following standardised procedures known as clinical guidelines. For patients suffering from two or more chronic conditions, known as multimorbidity, several guidelines have to be applied simultaneously, which may lead to severe adverse effects when the combined recommendations and prescribed medications are inconsistent or incomplete. This paper presents an automated formal framework to detect, highlight and resolve conflicts in the treatments used for patients with multimorbidities focusing on medications. The presented extended framework has a front-end which takes guidelines captured in a standard modelling language and returns the visualisation of the detected conflicts as well as suggested alternative treatments. Internally, the guidelines are transformed into formal models capturing the possible unfoldings of the guidelines. The back-end takes the formal models associated with multiple guidelines and checks their correctness with a theorem prover, and inherent inconsistencies with a constraint solver. Key to our approach is the use of an optimising constraint solver which enables us to search for the best solution that resolves/minimises conflicts according to medication efficacy and the degree of severity in case of harmful combinations, also taking into account their temporal overlapping. The approach is illustrated throughout with a real medical example.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Bowles
- School of Computer Science, University of St Andrews, Jack Cole Building, St Andrews KY16 9SX, United Kingdom
| | - M.B. Caminati
- School of Computer Science, University of St Andrews, Jack Cole Building, St Andrews KY16 9SX, United Kingdom
| | - S. Cha
- Automation and Information Systems, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - J. Mendoza
- School of Computer Science, University of St Andrews, Jack Cole Building, St Andrews KY16 9SX, United Kingdom
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17
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Morin O, Chen W, Villanueva-Meyer J, Gennatas E, Wu A, Cha S, Magill S, Perry A, Sneed P, McDermott M, Solberg T, Valdes G, Braunstein S, Raleigh D. Point-of-Care Local Failure and Overall Survival Prediction Models for Meningioma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Cha S, Noh M, Kim J, Son J, Bae H, Lee D, Kim H, Lee J, Shin HS, Sim S, Yang S, Lee S, Shim W, Lee CH, Jo MH, Kim JS, Kim D, Choi H. Generation, transport and detection of valley-locked spin photocurrent in WSe 2-graphene-Bi 2Se 3 heterostructures. Nat Nanotechnol 2018; 13:910-914. [PMID: 30038368 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantum optoelectronic devices capable of isolating a target degree of freedom (DoF) from other DoFs have allowed for new applications in modern information technology. Many works on solid-state spintronics have focused on methods to disentangle the spin DoF from the charge DoF1, yet many related issues remain unresolved. Although the recent advent of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has enabled the use of valley pseudospin as an alternative DoF2,3, it is nontrivial to separate the spin DoF from the valley DoF since the time-reversal valley DoF is intrinsically locked with the spin DoF4. Here, we demonstrate lateral TMD-graphene-topological insulator hetero-devices with the possibility of such a DoF-selective measurement. We generate the valley-locked spin DoF via a circular photogalvanic effect in an electric-double-layer WSe2 transistor. The valley-locked spin photocarriers then diffuse in a submicrometre-long graphene layer, and the spin DoF is measured separately in the topological insulator via non-local electrical detection using the characteristic spin-momentum locking. Operating at room temperature, our integrated devices exhibit a non-local spin polarization degree of higher than 0.5, providing the potential for coupled opto-spin-valleytronic applications that independently exploit the valley and spin DoFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonyoung Cha
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minji Noh
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jehyun Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jangyup Son
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hyemin Bae
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doeon Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Hoil Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
- Centre for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea
| | - Jekwan Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Seung Shin
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangwan Sim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Centre for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea
| | - Seunghoon Yang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sooun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wooyoung Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon-Ho Jo
- Centre for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
- Centre for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Korea
| | - Dohun Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunyong Choi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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Chang P, Grinband J, Weinberg BD, Bardis M, Khy M, Cadena G, Su MY, Cha S, Filippi CG, Bota D, Baldi P, Poisson LM, Jain R, Chow D. Deep-Learning Convolutional Neural Networks Accurately Classify Genetic Mutations in Gliomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:1201-1207. [PMID: 29748206 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The World Health Organization has recently placed new emphasis on the integration of genetic information for gliomas. While tissue sampling remains the criterion standard, noninvasive imaging techniques may provide complimentary insight into clinically relevant genetic mutations. Our aim was to train a convolutional neural network to independently predict underlying molecular genetic mutation status in gliomas with high accuracy and identify the most predictive imaging features for each mutation. MATERIALS AND METHODS MR imaging data and molecular information were retrospectively obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archives for 259 patients with either low- or high-grade gliomas. A convolutional neural network was trained to classify isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation status, 1p/19q codeletion, and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promotor methylation status. Principal component analysis of the final convolutional neural network layer was used to extract the key imaging features critical for successful classification. RESULTS Classification had high accuracy: IDH1 mutation status, 94%; 1p/19q codeletion, 92%; and MGMT promotor methylation status, 83%. Each genetic category was also associated with distinctive imaging features such as definition of tumor margins, T1 and FLAIR suppression, extent of edema, extent of necrosis, and textural features. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that for The Cancer Imaging Archives dataset, machine-learning approaches allow classification of individual genetic mutations of both low- and high-grade gliomas. We show that relevant MR imaging features acquired from an added dimensionality-reduction technique demonstrate that neural networks are capable of learning key imaging components without prior feature selection or human-directed training.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chang
- From the Department of Radiology (P.C., S.C.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - J Grinband
- Department of Radiology (J.G.), Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - B D Weinberg
- Department of Radiology (B.D.W.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - M Bardis
- Departments of Radiology (M.B., M.K., M.-Y.S., D.C.)
| | - M Khy
- Departments of Radiology (M.B., M.K., M.-Y.S., D.C.)
| | | | - M-Y Su
- Departments of Radiology (M.B., M.K., M.-Y.S., D.C.)
| | - S Cha
- From the Department of Radiology (P.C., S.C.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - C G Filippi
- Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), North Shore University Hospital, Long Island, New York
| | | | - P Baldi
- School of Information and Computer Sciences (P.B.), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - L M Poisson
- Department of Public Health Sciences (L.M.P.), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - R Jain
- Departments of Radiology and Neurosurgery (R.J.), New York University, New York, New York
| | - D Chow
- Departments of Radiology (M.B., M.K., M.-Y.S., D.C.)
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Jiang L, Qu W, Oh T, Vincent A, Mohabbat A, Mauck W, Law L, Cha S. Sex-related demographic and symptomatologic characteristics of patients with fibromyalgia. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2018.05.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Severson K, Xie D, Cha S, Liang H, Nelson S, Sekulic A, Pittelkow M, Mangold A. 338 Necrobiosis lipoidica comorbidities and complications. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Severson K, Liang H, Nelson S, Xie D, Cha S, Sekulic A, Pittelkow M, Mangold A. 1036 Necrobiosis lipoidica histopathology & inflammatory composition. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sim S, Lee D, Trifonov AV, Kim T, Cha S, Sung JH, Cho S, Shim W, Jo MH, Choi H. Publisher Correction: Ultrafast quantum beats of anisotropic excitons in atomically thin ReS 2. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1238. [PMID: 29567967 PMCID: PMC5864843 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sangwan Sim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 120-749, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, 790-784, Pohang, Korea
| | - Doeon Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 120-749, Seoul, Korea
| | - Artur V Trifonov
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Taeyoung Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 120-749, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soonyoung Cha
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 120-749, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Ho Sung
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, 790-784, Pohang, Korea.,Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, 790-784, Pohang, Korea
| | - Sungjun Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 120-749, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wooyoung Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 120-749, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon-Ho Jo
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, 790-784, Pohang, Korea. .,Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, 790-784, Pohang, Korea. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, 790-784, Pohang, Korea.
| | - Hyunyong Choi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 120-749, Seoul, Korea.
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Sim S, Lee D, Trifonov AV, Kim T, Cha S, Sung JH, Cho S, Shim W, Jo MH, Choi H. Ultrafast quantum beats of anisotropic excitons in atomically thin ReS 2. Nat Commun 2018; 9:351. [PMID: 29367747 PMCID: PMC5783952 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum beats, periodic oscillations arising from coherent superposition states, have enabled exploration of novel coherent phenomena. Originating from strong Coulomb interactions and reduced dielectric screening, two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit strongly bound excitons either in a single structure or hetero-counterpart; however, quantum coherence between excitons is barely known to date. Here we observe exciton quantum beats in atomically thin ReS2 and further modulate the intensity of the quantum beats signal. Surprisingly, linearly polarized excitons behave like a coherently coupled three-level system exhibiting quantum beats, even though they exhibit anisotropic exciton orientations and optical selection rules. Theoretical studies are also provided to clarify that the observed quantum beats originate from pure quantum coherence, not from classical interference. Furthermore, we modulate on/off quantum beats only by laser polarization. This work provides an ideal laboratory toward polarization-controlled exciton quantum beats in two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwan Sim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Doeon Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Artur V Trifonov
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | - Taeyoung Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Soonyoung Cha
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Ji Ho Sung
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Sungjun Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Wooyoung Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Moon-Ho Jo
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 790-784, Korea.
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 790-784, Korea.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 790-784, Korea.
| | - Hyunyong Choi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea.
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Villanueva-Meyer JE, Barajas RF, Mabray MC, Chen W, Shankaranarayanan A, Koon P, Barani IJ, Tihan T, Cha S. Differentiation of brain tumor-related edema based on 3D T1rho imaging. Eur J Radiol 2017; 91:88-92. [PMID: 28629576 PMCID: PMC5563444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral edema associated with brain tumors is an important source of morbidity. Its type depends largely on the capillary ultra-structures of the histopathologic subtype of underlying brain tumor. The purpose of our study was to differentiate vasogenic edema associated with brain metastases and infiltrative edema related to diffuse gliomas using quantitative 3D T1 rho (T1ρ) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preoperative MR examination including whole brain 3D T1ρ imaging was performed in 23 patients with newly diagnosed brain tumors (9 with metastasis, 8 with lower grade glioma, LGG, 6 with glioblastoma, GBM). Mean T1ρ values were measured in regions of peritumoral non-enhancing T2 signal hyperintensity, excluding both enhancing and necrotic or cystic component, and normal-appearing white matter. RESULTS Mean T1ρ values were significantly elevated in the vasogenic edema surrounding intracranial metastases when compared to the infiltrative edema associated with either LGG or GBM (p=0.02 and <0.01, respectively). No significant difference was noted between T1ρ values of infiltrative edema between LGG and GBM (p=0.84 and 0.96, respectively). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the feasibility and potential diagnostic role of T1ρ in the quantitative differentiation between edema related to intracranial metastases and gliomas and as a potentially complementary tool to standard MR techniques in further characterizing pathophysiology of vasogenic and infiltrative edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Villanueva-Meyer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - R F Barajas
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - M C Mabray
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - W Chen
- Department Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - P Koon
- Global Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
| | - I J Barani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - T Tihan
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Cha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Lee J, Park M, Byeon J, Gu N, Cho I, Cha S. Angiogenic effects of 3 dimensional cell culture system. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lee J, Byeon J, Park M, Gu N, Cho I, Cha S. Cellular aging and senescence characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lee J, Park M, Byeon J, Gu N, Cho I, Cha S. Application of hydrogel scaffolds on 3d culture of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lee J, Cho I, Cha S. Proliferating effects of soy peptide on mesenchymal stem cells. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lee J, Byeon J, Park M, Gu N, Cho I, Cha S. Effects of long-term cryopreservation in stem cell stability. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lee S, Lee J, Lee J, Chu S, Cha S, Park H. Cell protectant of clinical grade for cell delivery without cryopreservation. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Aboian MS, Solomon DA, Felton E, Mabray MC, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Mueller S, Cha S. Imaging Characteristics of Pediatric Diffuse Midline Gliomas with Histone H3 K27M Mutation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:795-800. [PMID: 28183840 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System includes "diffuse midline glioma with histone H3 K27M mutation" as a new diagnostic entity. We describe the MR imaging characteristics of this new tumor entity in pediatric patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed imaging features of pediatric patients with midline gliomas with or without the histone H3 K27 mutation. We evaluated the imaging features of these tumors on the basis of location, enhancement pattern, and necrosis. RESULTS Among 33 patients with diffuse midline gliomas, histone H3 K27M mutation was present in 24 patients (72.7%) and absent in 9 (27.3%). Of the tumors, 27.3% (n = 9) were located in the thalamus; 42.4% (n = 14), in the pons; 15% (n = 5), within the vermis/fourth ventricle; and 6% (n = 2), in the spinal cord. The radiographic features of diffuse midline gliomas with histone H3 K27M mutation were highly variable, ranging from expansile masses without enhancement or necrosis with large areas of surrounding infiltrative growth to peripherally enhancing masses with central necrosis with significant mass effect but little surrounding T2/FLAIR hyperintensity. When we compared diffuse midline gliomas on the basis of the presence or absence of histone H3 K27M mutation, there was no significant correlation between enhancement or border characteristics, infiltrative appearance, or presence of edema. CONCLUSIONS We describe, for the first time, the MR imaging features of pediatric diffuse midline gliomas with histone H3 K27M mutation. Similar to the heterogeneous histologic features among these tumors, they also have a diverse imaging appearance without distinguishing features from histone H3 wildtype diffuse gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Aboian
- From the Department of Radiology (M.S.A., E.F., M.C.M., J.E.V.-M., S.C.)
| | - D A Solomon
- Division of Neuropathology (D.A.S.), Department of Pathology
| | - E Felton
- From the Department of Radiology (M.S.A., E.F., M.C.M., J.E.V.-M., S.C.)
| | - M C Mabray
- From the Department of Radiology (M.S.A., E.F., M.C.M., J.E.V.-M., S.C.)
| | | | - S Mueller
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (S.M.), Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Neurological Surgery (S.M.).,Division of Child Neurology (S.M.), Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - S Cha
- From the Department of Radiology (M.S.A., E.F., M.C.M., J.E.V.-M., S.C.)
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Jung IH, Kurnicka K, Enache R, Nagy AI, Martins E, Cereda A, Vitiello G, Magda SL, Styczynski G, Lo Iudice F, De Barros Viegas H, Shahab F, Trunina I, Mata Caballero R, De Barros Viegas H, Marques A, Shimoni S, Generati G, Generati G, Bendix Salkvist Jorgensen T, Chen TE, Andrianova A, Fernandez-Golfin C, Corneli MC, Ali M, Seo HS, Kim MJ, Lichodziejewska B, Goliszek S, Dzikowska-Diduch O, Zdonczyk O, Kozlowska M, Kostrubiec M, Ciurzynski M, Palczewski P, Pruszczyk P, Popa E, Coman IM, Badea R, Platon P, Calin A, Beladan CC, Rosca M, Ginghina C, Popescu BA, Jurcut R, Venkateshvaran AI, Sola SC, Govind SC, Dash PK, Lund L, Manouras AI, Merkely B, Magne J, Aboyans V, Boulogne C, Lavergne D, Jaccard A, Mohty D, Casadei F, Spano F, Santambrogio G, Musca F, Belli O, De Chiara B, Bokor D, Giannattasio C, Corradi E, Colombo CA, Moreo A, Vicario ML, Castellani S, Cammelli D, Gallini C, Needleman L, Cruz BK, Maggi E, Marchionni N, Bratu VD, Mincu RI, Mihai CM, Gherghe AM, Florescu M, Cinteza M, Vinereanu D, Sobieraj P, Bielicki P, Krenke R, Szmigielski CA, Petitto M, Ferrone M, Esposito R, Vaccaro A, Buonauro A, Trimarco B, Galderisi M, Mendes L, Dores H, Melo I, Madeira V, Patinha J, Encarnacao C, Ferreia Santos J, Habib F, Soesanto AM, Sedyawan J, Abdurrazak G, Sharykin A, Popova NE, Karelina EV, Telezhnikova ND, Hernandez Jimenez V, Saavedra J, Molina L, Alberca MT, Gorriz J, L Pais J, Pavon I, Navea C, Alonso JJ, Mendes L, Sonia S, Madeira V, Encarnacao C, Patinha J, Melo I, Ferreia Santos J, Cruz I, Joao I, Gomes AC, Caldeira D, Lopes L, Fazendas P, Pereira H, Edri O, Edri O, Schneider N, Schneider N, Abaye N, Abaye N, Goerge J, Goerge J, Gandelman G, Gandelman G, Bandera F, Alfonzetti E, Guazzi M, Bandera F, Villani S, Ferraro O, Alfonzetti E, Guazzi M, Ramberg E, Bhardwaj P, Nepper ML, Binko TS, Olausson M, Fink-Jensen T, Andersen AM, Roland J, Gleerup Fornitz G, Ong K, Suri RM, Enrique-Sarano M, Michelena HI, Burkhart HM, Gillespie SM, Cha S, Mankad SV, Saidova MA, Bolotova MN, Salido Tahoces L, Izurieta C, Villareal G, Esteban A, Urena Vacas A, Ayala A, Jimenez Nacher JJ, Hinojar Baydes R, Gonzalez Gomez A, Garcia A, Mestre JL, Hernandez Antolin R, Zamorano Gomez JJ, Perea G, Covelli Y, Henquin R, Ronderos R, Hepinstall MJ, Cassidy CS, Pellikka PA, Pislaru SV, Kane G. P569Diastolic dyssynchrony is associated with exercise intolerance in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophyP570Echocardiographic pattern of acute pulmonary embolism, analysis of consecutive 511 patientsP571Clinical significance of ventricular interdependence and left ventricular function in patients with pulmonary hypertension receiving specific vasodilator therapyP572Haemodynamic characteristics and ventricular mechanics in post-capillary and combined pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertensionP573Relationship between hematological response and echocardiographic features in patients with light chains systemic amyloidosisP574Myocardial changes in patients with anorexia nervosaP575Giant cell arteritis presenting as fever of unknown origin: role of clinical history, early positron emission tomography and ultrasound screeningP576Subclinical systolic dysfunction in systemic sclerosis is not influenced by standard rheumatologic therapy - a 4D echocardiographic studyP577Cardiac index correlates with the degree of hepatic steathosis in obese patients with obstructive sleep apneaP578Myocardial mechanics in top-level endurance athletes: a three-dimensional speckle tracking studyP579The athlete heart: what happens to myocardial deformation in physiological adaptation to sportsP580Association between left ventricle intrinsic function and urine protein-creatinine ratio in preeclampsia before and after deliveryP581Dilatation of the aorta in children with bicuspid aortic valveP582Cardiovascular functional abnormalities in patients with osteogenesis imperfectaP583Dobutamine stress test fast protocol: diagnostic accuracy and securityP584Prognostic value of non-positive exercise echocardiography in the patients submitted to percutaneous coronary interventionP585The use of myocardial strain imaging in the detection of coronary artery disease during stress echocardiographyP586Preserved O2 extraction exercise response in heart failure patients with chronotropic insufficiency: evidence for a central cardiac rather than peripheral oxygen uptake limitationP587Major determinant of O2 artero-venous difference at peak exercise in heart failure and healthy subjectsP588Stress echocardiography with contrast perfusion analysis for a more sensitive test for ischemic heart diseaseP589Assessment of mitral annular physiology in myxomatous mitral disease with 3D transesophageal echocardiography: comparison between early severe mitral regurgitation and decompensated groupP590Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic assessment of the mitral valve geometry in patients with mild, moderate and severe chronic ischemic mitral regurgitationP591Left atrial appendage closure. Multimodality imaging in device size selectionP592Contributions of three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in the evaluation of aortic atherosclerotic plaquesP593Agitated blood-saline is superior to agitated air-saline for echocardiographic shunt studies. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 17:ii102-ii109. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jew248.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Yu WJ, Vu QA, Oh H, Nam HG, Zhou H, Cha S, Kim JY, Carvalho A, Jeong M, Choi H, Castro Neto AH, Lee YH, Duan X. Unusually efficient photocurrent extraction in monolayer van der Waals heterostructure by tunnelling through discretized barriers. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13278. [PMID: 27827360 PMCID: PMC5105192 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional layered transition-metal dichalcogenides have attracted considerable interest for their unique layer-number-dependent properties. In particular, vertical integration of these two-dimensional crystals to form van der Waals heterostructures can open up a new dimension for the design of functional electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here we report the layer-number-dependent photocurrent generation in graphene/MoS2/graphene heterostructures by creating a device with two distinct regions containing one-layer and seven-layer MoS2 to exclude other extrinsic factors. Photoresponse studies reveal that photoresponsivity in one-layer MoS2 is surprisingly higher than that in seven-layer MoS2 by seven times. Spectral-dependent studies further show that the internal quantum efficiency in one-layer MoS2 can reach a maximum of 65%, far higher than the 7% in seven-layer MoS2. Our theoretical modelling shows that asymmetric potential barriers in the top and bottom interfaces of the graphene/one-layer MoS2/graphene heterojunction enable asymmetric carrier tunnelling, to generate usually high photoresponsivity in one-layer MoS2 device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jong Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Samsung-SKKU Graphene Center (SSGC), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Quoc An Vu
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Oh
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Gi Nam
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hailong Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Soonyoung Cha
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Alexandra Carvalho
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Munseok Jeong
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunyong Choi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - A. H. Castro Neto
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Traub S, Cha S, Saghafian S. 52 Physician-level Differences in Emergency Department Length of Stay. Ann Emerg Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jeong B, Hwang I, Cho SH, Kim EH, Cha S, Lee J, Kang HS, Cho SM, Choi H, Park C. Solvent-Assisted Gel Printing for Micropatterning Thin Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Films. ACS Nano 2016; 10:9026-35. [PMID: 27571339 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
While tremendous efforts have been made for developing thin perovskite films suitable for a variety of potential photoelectric applications such as solar cells, field-effect transistors, and photodetectors, only a few works focus on the micropatterning of a perovskite film which is one of the most critical issues for large area and uniform microarrays of perovskite-based devices. Here we demonstrate a simple but robust method of micropatterning a thin perovskite film with controlled crystalline structure which guarantees to preserve its intrinsic photoelectric properties. A variety of micropatterns of a perovskite film are fabricated by either microimprinting or transfer-printing a thin spin-coated precursor film in soft-gel state with a topographically prepatterned elastomeric poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) mold, followed by thermal treatment for complete conversion of the precursor film to a perovskite one. The key materials development of our solvent-assisted gel printing is to prepare a thin precursor film with a high-boiling temperature solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide. The residual solvent in the precursor gel film makes the film moldable upon microprinting with a patterned PDMS mold, leading to various perovskite micropatterns in resolution of a few micrometers over a large area. Our nondestructive micropatterning process does not harm the intrinsic photoelectric properties of a perovskite film, which allows for realizing arrays of parallel-type photodetectors containing micropatterns of a perovskite film with reliable photoconduction performance. The facile transfer of a micropatterned soft-gel precursor film on other substrates including mechanically flexible plastics can further broaden its applications to flexible photoelectric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomjin Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University , Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Ihn Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University , Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University , Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Hyuk Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University , Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Soonyoung Cha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University , Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University , Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sol Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University , Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Man Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University , Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunyong Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University , Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolmin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University , Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
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Cha S, Sung JH, Sim S, Park J, Heo H, Jo MH, Choi H. 1s-intraexcitonic dynamics in monolayer MoS2 probed by ultrafast mid-infrared spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10768. [PMID: 26911982 PMCID: PMC4773417 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The 1s exciton—the ground state of a bound electron-hole pair—is central to understanding the photoresponse of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. Above the 1s exciton, recent visible and near-infrared investigations have revealed that the excited excitons are much richer, exhibiting a series of Rydberg-like states. A natural question is then how the internal excitonic transitions are interrelated on photoexcitation. Accessing these intraexcitonic transitions, however, demands a fundamentally different experimental tool capable of probing optical transitions from 1s ‘bright' to np ‘dark' states. Here we employ ultrafast mid-infrared spectroscopy to explore the 1s intraexcitonic transitions in monolayer MoS2. We observed twofold 1s→3p intraexcitonic transitions within the A and B excitons and 1s→2p transition between the A and B excitons. Our results revealed that it takes about 0.7 ps for the 1s A exciton to reach quasi-equilibrium; a characteristic time that is associated with a rapid population transfer from the 1s B exciton, providing rich characteristics of many-body exciton dynamics in two-dimensional materials. Excitons—bound electron-hole pairs—in two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides can exhibit a rich spectrum of excited states. Here, the authors use ultrafast mid-infrared spectroscopy to explore the dynamics of these so-called 1s-intraexcitonic transitions in monolayer molybdenum disulphide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonyoung Cha
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Ji Ho Sung
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea.,Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Sangwan Sim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jun Park
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Hoseok Heo
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea.,Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Moon-Ho Jo
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea.,Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Hyunyong Choi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Mabray MC, Barajas RF, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Zhang CA, Valles FE, Rubenstein JL, Cha S. The Combined Performance of ADC, CSF CXC Chemokine Ligand 13, and CSF Interleukin 10 in the Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Lymphoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:74-9. [PMID: 26381553 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE CXC chemokine ligand 13 and interleukin 10 have emerged as CSF biomarkers for the diagnosis of CNS lymphoma. Our hypothesis is that the combined use of ADC, CXC chemokine ligand 13, and interleukin 10 will result in increased diagnostic performance compared with the use of ADC values alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-seven patients were included in this study, including 43 with CNS lymphoma and 44 without CNS lymphoma (21 metastases, 14 high-grade gliomas, 9 tumefactive demyelinating lesions) who had undergone CSF proteomic analysis and had a new enhancing mass on brain MR imaging. Average ADC was derived by contouring the contrast-enhancing tumor volume. Group means were compared via t tests for average ADC, CXC chemokine ligand 13, and interleukin 10. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed for each individual variable. Multiple-variable logistic regression with receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed, and the multiple-variable receiver operating characteristic was compared with single-variable receiver operating characteristics. RESULTS The average ADC was lower and CSF CXC chemokine ligand 13 and interleukin 10 values were higher in CNS lymphoma (P < .001). Areas under the curve ranged from 0.739 to 0.832 for single-variable ROC. Multiple-variable logistic regression yielded statistically significant individual effects for all 3 variables in a combined model. Multiple-variable receiver operating characteristics (area under the curve, 0.928) demonstrated statistically significantly superior diagnostic performance compared with the use of single variables alone. CONCLUSIONS The combined use of ADC, CSF CXC chemokine ligand 13, and interleukin 10 results in increased diagnostic performance for the diagnosis of CNS lymphoma. This finding highlights the importance of CSF analysis when the diagnosis of CNS lymphoma is considered on the basis of MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Mabray
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.C.M., R.F.B., J.E.V.-M., C.A.Z., F.E.V., S.C.)
| | - R F Barajas
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.C.M., R.F.B., J.E.V.-M., C.A.Z., F.E.V., S.C.)
| | - J E Villanueva-Meyer
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.C.M., R.F.B., J.E.V.-M., C.A.Z., F.E.V., S.C.)
| | - C A Zhang
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.C.M., R.F.B., J.E.V.-M., C.A.Z., F.E.V., S.C.) Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.A.Z.)
| | - F E Valles
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.C.M., R.F.B., J.E.V.-M., C.A.Z., F.E.V., S.C.)
| | | | - S Cha
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.C.M., R.F.B., J.E.V.-M., C.A.Z., F.E.V., S.C.) Neurological Surgery (S.C.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Sim S, Jang H, Koirala N, Brahlek M, Moon J, Sung JH, Park J, Cha S, Oh S, Jo MH, Ahn JH, Choi H. Ultra-high modulation depth exceeding 2,400% in optically controlled topological surface plasmons. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8814. [PMID: 26514372 PMCID: PMC4640142 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulating light via coherent charge oscillations in solids is the subject of intense research topics in opto-plasmonics. Although a variety of methods are proposed to increase such modulation efficiency, one central challenge is to achieve a high modulation depth (defined by a ratio of extinction with/without light) under small photon-flux injection, which becomes a fundamental trade-off issue both in metals and semiconductors. Here, by fabricating simple micro-ribbon arrays of topological insulator Bi2Se3, we report an unprecedentedly large modulation depth of 2,400% at 1.5 THz with very low optical fluence of 45 μJ cm(-2). This was possible, first because the extinction spectrum is nearly zero due to the Fano-like plasmon-phonon-destructive interference, thereby contributing an extremely small denominator to the extinction ratio. Second, the numerator of the extinction ratio is markedly increased due to the photoinduced formation of massive two-dimensional electron gas below the topological surface states, which is another contributor to the ultra-high modulation depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwan Sim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Houk Jang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Nikesh Koirala
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Matthew Brahlek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Jisoo Moon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Ji Ho Sung
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 790-784, Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Jun Park
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Soonyoung Cha
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Seongshik Oh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Devices and Nanotechnology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Moon-Ho Jo
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 790-784, Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 790-784, Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Hyunyong Choi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Barajas R, Phillips J, Vandenberg S, McDermott M, Berger M, Dillon W, Cha S. Pro-angiogenic cellular and genomic expression patterns within glioblastoma influences dynamic susceptibility weighted perfusion MRI. Clin Radiol 2015; 70:1087-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Heo H, Sung JH, Jin G, Ahn JH, Kim K, Lee MJ, Cha S, Choi H, Jo MH. Rotation-misfit-free heteroepitaxial stacking and stitching growth of hexagonal transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers by nucleation kinetics controls. Adv Mater 2015; 27:3803-10. [PMID: 26011695 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201500846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
2D vertical stacking and lateral stitching growth of monolayer (ML) hexagonal transition-metal dichalcogenides are reported. The 2D heteroepitaxial manipulation of MoS2 and WS2 MLs is achieved by control of the 2D nucleation kinetics during the sequential vapor-phase growth. It enables the creation of hexagon-on-hexagon unit-cell stacking and hexagon-by-hexagon stitching without interlayer rotation misfits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoseok Heo
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Ji Ho Sung
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Gangtae Jin
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Ahn
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Kyungwook Kim
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Myoung-Jae Lee
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Soonyoung Cha
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Hyunyong Choi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Moon-Ho Jo
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
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Mabray MC, Glastonbury CM, Mamlouk MD, Punch GE, Solomon DA, Cha S. Direct Cranial Nerve Involvement by Gliomas: Case Series and Review of the Literature. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:1349-54. [PMID: 25857757 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are characterized by infiltrative growth of tumor cells, including along white matter tracts. This may result in clinical cranial neuropathy due to direct involvement of a cranial nerve rather than by leptomeningeal spread along cranial nerves. Gliomas directly involving cranial nerves III-XII are rare, with only 11 cases reported in the literature before 2014, including 8 with imaging. We present 8 additional cases demonstrating direct infiltration of a cranial nerve by a glioma. Asymmetric cisternal nerve expansion compared with the contralateral nerve was noted with a mean length of involvement of 9.4 mm. Based on our case series, the key imaging feature for recognizing direct cranial nerve involvement by a glioma is the detection of an intra-axial mass in the pons or midbrain that is directly associated with expansion, signal abnormality, and/or enhancement of the adjacent cranial nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Mabray
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.C.M., C.M.G., M.D.M., G.E.P., S.C.)
| | - C M Glastonbury
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.C.M., C.M.G., M.D.M., G.E.P., S.C.) Otolaryngology (C.M.G.)
| | - M D Mamlouk
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.C.M., C.M.G., M.D.M., G.E.P., S.C.)
| | - G E Punch
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.C.M., C.M.G., M.D.M., G.E.P., S.C.)
| | | | - S Cha
- From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.C.M., C.M.G., M.D.M., G.E.P., S.C.) Neurosurgery (S.C.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Heo H, Sung JH, Cha S, Jang BG, Kim JY, Jin G, Lee D, Ahn JH, Lee MJ, Shim JH, Choi H, Jo MH. Interlayer orientation-dependent light absorption and emission in monolayer semiconductor stacks. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7372. [PMID: 26099952 PMCID: PMC4557351 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional stacks of dissimilar hexagonal monolayers exhibit unusual electronic, photonic and photovoltaic responses that arise from substantial interlayer excitations. Interband excitation phenomena in individual hexagonal monolayer occur in states at band edges (valleys) in the hexagonal momentum space; therefore, low-energy interlayer excitation in the hexagonal monolayer stacks can be directed by the two-dimensional rotational degree of each monolayer crystal. However, this rotation-dependent excitation is largely unknown, due to lack in control over the relative monolayer rotations, thereby leading to momentum-mismatched interlayer excitations. Here, we report that light absorption and emission in MoS2/WS2 monolayer stacks can be tunable from indirect- to direct-gap transitions in both spectral and dynamic characteristics, when the constituent monolayer crystals are coherently stacked without in-plane rotation misfit. Our study suggests that the interlayer rotational attributes determine tunable interlayer excitation as a new set of basis for investigating optical phenomena in a two-dimensional hexagonal monolayer system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoseok Heo
- 1] Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 790-784, Korea [2] Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Ji Ho Sung
- 1] Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 790-784, Korea [2] Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Soonyoung Cha
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Bo-Gyu Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Gangtae Jin
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Donghun Lee
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Ahn
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Myoung-Jae Lee
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Shim
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Hyunyong Choi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Moon-Ho Jo
- 1] Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 790-784, Korea [2] Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 790-784, Korea [3] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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Nagarajan R, Barajas R, Mazor T, Phillips J, Ma J, Hong C, Johnson B, Dayal M, Cha S, Nakamura J, Berger M, Chang S, Furnari F, Taylor B, Costello J. GE-42 * INTEGRATED RADIOGRAPHIC AND PHYLOGENETIC CASE STUDY OF A PRIMARY AND CONTRALATERAL RECURRENT GLIOMA. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou256.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hwang LR, Cha S, Jong JE, Jang JH, Seo T. Acetylation changes at lysine 5 of histone H4 associated with lytic gene promoters during reactivation of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Acta Virol 2014; 58:282-6. [PMID: 25283865 DOI: 10.4149/av_2014_03_282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a pathogenic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman's disease in humans. Similarly to other gammaherpesviruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and herpesvirus saimiri (HVS), KSHV displays two alternative life cycles, latent and lytic one. The transactivation from latency to the lytic phase is the result of transcriptional changes in the KSHV genome caused by the replication and transcriptional activator (RTA). During KSHV reactivation, epigenetic modifications of histone protein on the viral genome occur, which regulate the transcriptional activation of a number of lytic genes. The reactivation of EBV from latency to lytic cycle, induced by an immediate-early Zta protein, was shown to be accompanied by acetylation of specific lysines in histone H4. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the RTA-induced transactivation of KSHV could also be accompanied by histone acetylation. To validate this hypothesis, we assayed alterations of acetyl-histone H4-lysine 5 (acH4K5) during the RTA-mediated KSHV reactivation. While the modified histone protein in a total cell lysate was not distinguished between control and RTA-expressed cells, upregulated acH4K5 was detected on several lytic gene promoter regions during KSHV reactivation. Our results clearly indicate that this epigenetic change is related to transcription of genes expressed in the lytic cycle of KSHV.
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Chang SM, Elkhaled A, Jalbert L, Phillips JJ, Cha S, Molinaro A, Nelson SJ. IMAGING BIOMARKERS OF MALIGNANT PROGRESSION OF DIFFUSE LOW-GRADE GLOMA (LGG). Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou206.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Arakawa Y, Fujimoto KI, Murata D, Nakamoto Y, Okada T, Miyamoto S, Bahr O, Harter PN, Weise L, You SJ, Ronellenfitsch MW, Rieger J, Steinbach JP, Hattingen E, Bahr O, Jurcoane A, Daneshvar K, Pilatus U, Mittelbronn M, Steinbach JP, Hattingen E, Carrillo J, Bota D, Handwerker J, Su LMY, Chen T, Stathopoulos A, Yu H, Chang JH, Kim EH, Kim SH, Mi, Yun J, Pytel P, Collins J, Choi Y, Lukas R, Nicholas M, Colen R, Jafrani R, Zinn P, Colen R, Ashour O, Zinn P, Colen R, Vangel M, Gutman D, Hwang S, Wintermark M, Jain R, Jilwan-Nicolas M, Chen J, Raghavan P, Holder C, Rubin D, Huang E, Kirby J, Freymann J, Jaffe C, Flanders A, Zinn P, Colen R, Ashour O, Zinn P, Colen R, Zinn P, Dahiya S, Statsevych V, Elson P, Xie H, Chao S, Peereboom D, Stevens G, Barnett G, Ahluwalia M, Daras M, Karimi S, Abrey L, Sanchez J, Beal K, Gutin P, Kaley T, Grommes C, Correa D, Reiner A, Briggs S, Omuro A, Verburg N, Hoefnagels F, Pouwels P, Boellaard R, Barkhof F, Hoekstra O, Wesseling P, Reijneveld J, Heimans J, Vandertop P, Zwinderman K, Hamer HDW, Elinzano H, Kadivar F, Yadav PO, Breese VL, Jackson CL, Donahue JE, Boxerman JL, Ellingson B, Pope W, Lai A, Nghiemphu P, Cloughesy T, Ellingson B, Pope W, Chen W, Czernin J, Phelps M, Lai A, Nghiemphu P, Liau L, Cloughesy T, Ellingson B, Leu K, Tran A, Pope W, Lai A, Nghiemphu P, Harris R, Woodworth D, Cloughesy T, Ellingson B, Pope W, Leu K, Chen W, Czernin J, Phelps M, Lai A, Nghiemphu P, Liau L, Cloughesy T, Ellingson B, Enzmann D, Pope W, Lai A, Nghiemphu P, Liau L, Cloughesy T, Eoli M, Di Stefano AL, Aquino D, Scotti A, Anghileri E, Cuppini L, Prodi E, Finocchiaro G, Bruzzone MG, Fujimoto K, Arakawa Y, Murata D, Nakamoto Y, Okada T, Miyamoto S, Galldiks N, Stoffels G, Filss C, Dunkl V, Rapp M, Sabel M, Ruge MI, Goldbrunner R, Shah NJ, Fink GR, Coenen HH, Langen KJ, Guha-Thakurta N, Langford L, Collet S, Valable S, Constans JM, Lechapt-Zalcman E, Roussel S, Delcroix N, Bernaudin M, Abbas A, Ibazizene E, Barre L, Derlon JM, Guillamo JS, Harris R, Bookheimer S, Cloughesy T, Kim H, Pope W, Yang K, Lai A, Nghiemphu P, Ellingson B, Huang R, Rahman R, Hamdan A, Kane C, Chen C, Norden A, Reardon D, Mukundan S, Wen P, Jafrani R, Zinn P, Colen R, Jafrani R, Zinn P, Colen R, Jancalek R, Bulik M, Kazda T, Jensen R, Salzman K, Kamson D, Lee T, Varadarajan K, Robinette N, Muzik O, Chakraborty P, Barger G, Mittal S, Juhasz C, Kamson D, Barger G, Robinette N, Muzik O, Chakraborty P, Kupsky W, Mittal S, Juhasz C, Kinoshita M, Sasayama T, Narita Y, Kawaguchi A, Yamashita F, Chiba Y, Kagawa N, Tanaka K, Kohmura E, Arita H, Okita Y, Ohno M, Miyakita Y, Shibui S, Hashimoto N, Yoshimine T, Ronan LK, Eskey C, Hampton T, Fadul C, LaMontagne P, Milchenko M, Sylvester P, Benzinger T, Marcus D, Fouke SJ, Lupo J, Bian W, Anwar M, Banerjee S, Hess C, Chang S, Nelson S, Mabray M, Sanchez L, Valles F, Barajas R, Rubenstein J, Cha S, Miyake K, Ogawa D, Hatakeyama T, Kawai N, Tamiya T, Mori K, Ishikura R, Tomogane Y, Ando K, Izumoto S, Nelson S, Lieberman F, Lupo J, Viziri S, Nabors LB, Crane J, Wen P, Cote A, Peereboom D, Wen Q, Cloughesy T, Robins HI, Fisher J, Desideri S, Grossman S, Ye X, Blakeley J, Nonaka M, Nakajima S, Shofuda T, Kanemura Y, Nowosielski M, Wiestler B, Gobel G, Hutterer M, Schlemmer H, Stockhammer G, Wick W, Bendszus M, Radbruch A, Perreault S, Yeom K, Ramaswamy V, Shih D, Remke M, Luu B, Schubert S, Fisher P, Partap S, Vogel H, Poussaint TY, Taylor M, Cho YJ, Piludu F, Pace A, Fabi A, Anelli V, Villani V, Carapella C, Marzi S, Vidiri A, Pungavkar S, Tanawde P, Epari S, Patkar D, Lawande M, Moiyadi A, Gupta T, Jalali R, Rahman R, Akgoz A, You H, Hamdan A, Seethamraju R, Wen P, Young G, Rao A, Rao G, Flanders A, Ghosh P, Rao G, Martinez J, Rao A, Roh TH, Kim EH, Chang JH, Kushnirsky M, Katz J, Knisely J, Schulder M, Steinklein J, Rosen L, Warshall C, Nguyen V, Tiwari P, Rogers L, Wolansky L, Sloan A, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Tatsauka C, Cohen M, Madabhushi A, Rachinger W, Thon N, Haug A, Schuller U, Schichor C, Tonn JC, Tran A, Lai A, Li S, Pope W, Teixeira S, Harris R, Woodworth D, Nghiemphu P, Cloughesy T, Ellingson B, Villanueva-Meyer J, Barajas R, Mabray M, Barani I, Chen W, Shankaranarayanan A, Koon P, Cha S, Wen Q, Elkhaled A, Essock-Burns E, Molinaro A, Phillips J, Chang S, Cha S, Nelson S, Wolf D, Ye X, Lim M, Zhu H, Wang M, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Weingart J, Olivi A, van Zijl P, Laterra J, Zhou J, Blakeley J, Zakaria R, Das K, Sluming V, Bhojak M, Walker C, Jenkinson MD, (Tiger) Yuan S, Tao R, Yang G, Chen Z, Mu D, Zhao S, Fu Z, Li W, Yu J. RADIOLOGY. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:iii191-iii205. [PMCID: PMC3823904 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
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Artesi M, Kroonen J, Deprez M, Bredel M, Chakravarti A, Poulet C, Seute T, Rogister B, Bours V, Robe P, Liu SC, Chernikova S, Merchant M, Jang T, Zollner S, Kruschinski A, Ahn GO, Recht L, Brown M, Moyal ECJ, Delmas C, Taurand M, Mazoyer S, Farge M, Toulas C, Rao S, Thompson C, Cheng J, Haimovitz-Friedman A, Fuks Z, Kolesnick R, Wen Q, Jalilian L, Essock-Burns E, Li Y, Cha S, Chang S, Prados M, Butowski N, Nelson S, Ke C, Tran K, Di Donato AT, Ru N, Linskey ME, Limoli C, Zhou YH. RADIOBIOLOGY. Neuro Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kim J, Lim SC, Chae SJ, Maeng I, Choi Y, Cha S, Lee YH, Choi H. Ultrafast zero balance of the oscillator-strength sum rule in graphene. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2663. [PMID: 24036567 PMCID: PMC3773626 DOI: 10.1038/srep02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oscillator-strength sum rule in light-induced transitions is one general form of quantum-mechanical identities. Although this sum rule is well established in equilibrium photo-physics, an experimental corroboration for the validation of the sum rule in a nonequilibrium regime has been a long-standing unexplored question. The simple band structure of graphene is an ideal system for investigating this question due to the linear Dirac-like energy dispersion. Here, we employed both ultrafast terahertz and optical spectroscopy to directly monitor the transient oscillator-strength balancing between quasi-free low-energy oscillators and high-energy Fermi-edge ones. Upon photo-excitation of hot Dirac fermions, we observed that the ultrafast depletion of high-energy oscillators precisely complements the increased terahertz absorption oscillators. Our results may provide an experimental priori to understand, for example, the intrinsic free-carrier dynamics to the high-energy photo-excitation, responsible for optoelectronic operation such as graphene-based phototransistor or solar-energy harvesting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseok Kim
- 1] School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea [2]
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